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1 @node Library Copying
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2 @appendixsec GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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3
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4 @cindex LGPL, Lesser General Public License
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5 @center Version 2.1, February 1999
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6
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7 @display
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8 Copyright @copyright{} 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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9 51 Franklin Street - Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
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10
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11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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13
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14 [This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
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15 as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
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16 version number 2.1.]
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17 @end display
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18
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19 @appendixsubsec Preamble
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20
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21 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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22 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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23 Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change
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24 free software---to make sure the software is free for all its users.
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25
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26 This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
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27 specially designated software---typically libraries---of the Free
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28 Software Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use
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29 it too, but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this
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30 license or the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to
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31 use in any particular case, based on the explanations below.
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32
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33 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
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34 not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
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35 you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
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36 for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
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37 it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it
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38 in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these
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39 things.
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40
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41 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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42 distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
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43 rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
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44 you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
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45
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46 For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
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47 or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
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48 you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
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49 code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
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50 complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
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51 with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling
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52 it. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
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53
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54 We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
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55 library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
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56 permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
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57
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58 To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that
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59 there is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is
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60 modified by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know
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61 that what they have is not the original version, so that the original
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62 author's reputation will not be affected by problems that might be
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63 introduced by others.
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64
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65 Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
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66 any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
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67 effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
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68 restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that
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69 any patent license obtained for a version of the library must be
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70 consistent with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
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71
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72 Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
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73 ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
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74 General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and
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75 is quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use
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76 this license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those
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77 libraries into non-free programs.
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78
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79 When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
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80 a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
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81 combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
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82 General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the
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83 entire combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General
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84 Public License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with
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85 the library.
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86
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87 We call this license the @dfn{Lesser} General Public License because it
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88 does @emph{Less} to protect the user's freedom than the ordinary General
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89 Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less
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90 of an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages
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91 are the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
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92 libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
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93 special circumstances.
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94
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95 For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
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96 encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it becomes
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97 a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
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98 allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free
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99 library does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this
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100 case, there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free
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101 software only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
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102
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103 In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
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104 programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of
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105 free software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in
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106 non-free programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU
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107 operating system, as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating
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108 system.
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109
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110 Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
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111 users' freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is
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112 linked with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run
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113 that program using a modified version of the Library.
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114
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115 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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116 modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
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117 ``work based on the library'' and a ``work that uses the library''. The
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118 former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
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119 be combined with the library in order to run.
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120
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121 @iftex
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122 @appendixsubsec TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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123 @end iftex
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124 @ifinfo
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125 @center GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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126 @center TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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127 @end ifinfo
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128
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129 @enumerate 0
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130 @item
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131 This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program
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132 which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other
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133 authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this
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134 Lesser General Public License (also called ``this License''). Each
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135 licensee is addressed as ``you''.
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136
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137 A ``library'' means a collection of software functions and/or data
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138 prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
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139 (which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
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140
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141 The ``Library'', below, refers to any such software library or work
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142 which has been distributed under these terms. A ``work based on the
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143 Library'' means either the Library or any derivative work under
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144 copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
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145 portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated
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146 straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is
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147 included without limitation in the term ``modification''.)
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148
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149 ``Source code'' for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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150 making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code means
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151 all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated
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152 interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation
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153 and installation of the library.
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154
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155 Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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156 covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
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157 running a program using the Library is not restricted, and output from
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158 such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based
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159 on the Library (independent of the use of the Library in a tool for
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160 writing it). Whether that is true depends on what the Library does
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161 and what the program that uses the Library does.
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162
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163 @item
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164 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library's
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165 complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that
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166 you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
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167 appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact
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168 all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
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169 warranty; and distribute a copy of this License along with the
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170 Library.
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171
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172 You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
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173 and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a
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174 fee.
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175
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176 @item
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177 You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion
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178 of it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
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179 distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
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180 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
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181
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182 @enumerate a
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183 @item
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184 The modified work must itself be a software library.
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185
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186 @item
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187 You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
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188 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
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189
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190 @item
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191 You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
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192 charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
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193
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194 @item
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195 If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a
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196 table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses
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197 the facility, other than as an argument passed when the facility
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198 is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that,
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199 in the event an application does not supply such function or
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200 table, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of
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201 its purpose remains meaningful.
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202
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203 (For example, a function in a library to compute square roots has
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204 a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
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205 application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
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206 application-supplied function or table used by this function must
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207 be optional: if the application does not supply it, the square
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208 root function must still compute square roots.)
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209 @end enumerate
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210
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211 These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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212 identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library,
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213 and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
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214 themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
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215 sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
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216 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
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217 on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
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218 this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
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219 entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote
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220 it.
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221
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222 Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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223 your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
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224 exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
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225 collective works based on the Library.
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226
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227 In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library
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228 with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a volume of
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229 a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
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230 the scope of this License.
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231
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232 @item
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233 You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
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234 License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To do
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235 this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License, so
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236 that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License, version 2,
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237 instead of to this License. (If a newer version than version 2 of the
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238 ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared, then you can specify
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239 that version instead if you wish.) Do not make any other change in
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240 these notices.
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241
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242 Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
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243 that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all
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244 subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
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245
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246 This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of
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247 the Library into a program that is not a library.
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248
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249 @item
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250 You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or
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251 derivative of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form
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252 under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany
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253 it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which
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254 must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
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255 medium customarily used for software interchange.
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256
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257 If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
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258 from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the
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259 source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
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260 distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
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261 compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
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262
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263 @item
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264 A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
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265 Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or
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266 linked with it, is called a ``work that uses the Library''. Such a
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267 work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and
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268 therefore falls outside the scope of this License.
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269
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270 However, linking a ``work that uses the Library'' with the Library
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271 creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because it
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272 contains portions of the Library), rather than a ``work that uses the
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273 library''. The executable is therefore covered by this License.
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274 Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
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275
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276 When a ``work that uses the Library'' uses material from a header file
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277 that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may be a
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278 derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not.
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279 Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be
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280 linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a library. The
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281 threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law.
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282
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283 If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
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284 structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
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285 functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
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286 file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a derivative
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287 work. (Executables containing this object code plus portions of the
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288 Library will still fall under Section 6.)
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289
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290 Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
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291 distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6.
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292 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,
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293 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.
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294
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295 @item
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296 As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or
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297 link a ``work that uses the Library'' with the Library to produce a
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298 work containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work
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299 under terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit
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300 modification of the work for the customer's own use and reverse
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301 engineering for debugging such modifications.
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302
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303 You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
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304 Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by
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305 this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the work
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306 during execution displays copyright notices, you must include the
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307 copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a reference
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308 directing the user to the copy of this License. Also, you must do one
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309 of these things:
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310
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311 @enumerate a
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312 @item
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313 Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
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314 machine-readable source code for the Library including whatever
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315 changes were used in the work (which must be distributed under
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316 Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is an executable linked
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317 with the Library, with the complete machine-readable ``work that
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318 uses the Library'', as object code and/or source code, so that the
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319 user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified
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320 executable containing the modified Library. (It is understood
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321 that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the
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322 Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application
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323 to use the modified definitions.)
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324
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325 @item
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326 Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A
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327 suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run time a copy of the
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328 library already present on the user's computer system, rather than
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329 copying library functions into the executable, and (2) will operate
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330 properly with a modified version of the library, if the user installs
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331 one, as long as the modified version is interface-compatible with the
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332 version that the work was made with.
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333
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334 @item
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335 Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at
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336 least three years, to give the same user the materials
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337 specified in Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more
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338 than the cost of performing this distribution.
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339
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340 @item
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341 If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
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342 from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the above
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343 specified materials from the same place.
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344
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345 @item
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346 Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
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347 materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.
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348 @end enumerate
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349
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350 For an executable, the required form of the ``work that uses the
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351 Library'' must include any data and utility programs needed for
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352 reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special exception,
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353 the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is
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354 normally distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major
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355 components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on
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356 which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the
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357 executable.
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358
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359 It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
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360 restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
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361 accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you cannot
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362 use both them and the Library together in an executable that you
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363 distribute.
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364
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365 @item
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366 You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
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367 Library side-by-side in a single library together with other library
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368 facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such a combined
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369 library, provided that the separate distribution of the work based on
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370 the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise
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371 permitted, and provided that you do these two things:
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372
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373 @enumerate a
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374 @item
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375 Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
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376 based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
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377 facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
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378 Sections above.
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379
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380 @item
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381 Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
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382 that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining
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383 where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
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384 @end enumerate
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385
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386 @item
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387 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute
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388 the Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any
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389 attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or
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390 distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate your
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391 rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies,
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392 or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
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393 terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
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394
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395 @item
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396 You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
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397 signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
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398 distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions are
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399 prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
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400 modifying or distributing the Library (or any work based on the
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401 Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
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402 all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
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403 the Library or works based on it.
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404
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405 @item
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406 Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
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407 Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
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408 original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the Library
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409 subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
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410 restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
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411 You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with
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412 this License.
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413
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414 @item
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415 If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
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416 infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
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417 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
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418 otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
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419 excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
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420 distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
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421 License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
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422 may not distribute the Library at all. For example, if a patent
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423 license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Library by
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424 all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
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425 the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
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426 refrain entirely from distribution of the Library.
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427
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428 If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any
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429 particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply,
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430 and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
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431
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432 It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
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433 patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
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434 such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
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435 integrity of the free software distribution system which is
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436 implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
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437 generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
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438 through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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439 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
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440 to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
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441 impose that choice.
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442
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443 This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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444 be a consequence of the rest of this License.
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445
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446 @item
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447 If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
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448 certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
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449 original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add
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450 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries,
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451 so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus
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452 excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if
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453 written in the body of this License.
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454
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455 @item
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456 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
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457 versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.
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458 Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
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459 but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
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460
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461 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library
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462 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and
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463 ``any later version'', you have the option of following the terms and
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464 conditions either of that version or of any later version published by
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465 the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not specify a
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466 license version number, you may choose any version ever published by
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467 the Free Software Foundation.
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468
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469 @item
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470 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
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471 programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,
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472 write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
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473 copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
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474 Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
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475 decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status
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476 of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing
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477 and reuse of software generally.
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478
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479 @iftex
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480 @heading NO WARRANTY
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481 @end iftex
|
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482 @ifinfo
|
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483 @center NO WARRANTY
|
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484 @end ifinfo
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485
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486 @item
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487 BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
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488 WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
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489 EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
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490 OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY ``AS IS'' WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
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491 KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
|
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|
492 IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
|
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493 PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE
|
|
|
494 LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME
|
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|
495 THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
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496
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497 @item
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498 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
|
|
|
499 WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY
|
|
|
500 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU
|
|
|
501 FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR
|
|
|
502 CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
|
|
|
503 LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
|
|
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504 RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
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|
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505 FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
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506 SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
|
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507 DAMAGES.
|
|
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508 @end enumerate
|
|
|
509
|
|
|
510 @iftex
|
|
|
511 @heading END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
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512 @end iftex
|
|
|
513 @ifinfo
|
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|
514 @center END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
515 @end ifinfo
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516
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517 @page
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|
518 @appendixsubsec How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
|
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519
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|
520 If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
|
|
521 possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
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|
|
522 everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
|
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523 redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of the
|
|
|
524 ordinary General Public License).
|
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525
|
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526 To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library. It is
|
|
|
527 safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
|
|
|
528 convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the
|
|
|
529 ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
531 @smallexample
|
|
|
532 @var{one line to give the library's name and an idea of what it does.}
|
|
|
533 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{name of author}
|
|
|
534
|
|
|
535 This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
|
|
536 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
|
|
|
537 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
|
|
|
538 your option) any later version.
|
|
|
539
|
|
|
540 This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
|
|
541 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
|
|
542 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
|
|
543 Lesser General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
544
|
|
|
545 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
|
|
|
546 License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
|
|
|
547 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
|
|
|
548 USA.
|
|
|
549 @end smallexample
|
|
|
550
|
|
|
551 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
|
|
552
|
|
|
553 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
|
|
|
554 school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the library, if
|
|
|
555 necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
557 @smallexample
|
|
|
558 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library
|
|
|
559 `Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
|
|
|
560
|
|
|
561 @var{signature of Ty Coon}, 1 April 1990
|
|
|
562 Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
|
|
563 @end smallexample
|
|
|
564
|
|
|
565 That's all there is to it!
|
