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comparison gcc/doc/frontends.texi @ 0:a06113de4d67
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author | kent <kent@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp> |
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date | Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:47:48 +0900 |
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1 @c Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, | |
2 @c 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | |
3 @c This is part of the GCC manual. | |
4 @c For copying conditions, see the file gcc.texi. | |
5 | |
6 @node G++ and GCC | |
7 @chapter Programming Languages Supported by GCC | |
8 | |
9 @cindex GCC | |
10 @cindex GNU Compiler Collection | |
11 @cindex GNU C Compiler | |
12 @cindex Ada | |
13 @cindex Fortran | |
14 @cindex Java | |
15 @cindex Objective-C | |
16 @cindex Objective-C++ | |
17 GCC stands for ``GNU Compiler Collection''. GCC is an integrated | |
18 distribution of compilers for several major programming languages. These | |
19 languages currently include C, C++, Objective-C, Objective-C++, Java, | |
20 Fortran, and Ada. | |
21 | |
22 The abbreviation @dfn{GCC} has multiple meanings in common use. The | |
23 current official meaning is ``GNU Compiler Collection'', which refers | |
24 generically to the complete suite of tools. The name historically stood | |
25 for ``GNU C Compiler'', and this usage is still common when the emphasis | |
26 is on compiling C programs. Finally, the name is also used when speaking | |
27 of the @dfn{language-independent} component of GCC: code shared among the | |
28 compilers for all supported languages. | |
29 | |
30 The language-independent component of GCC includes the majority of the | |
31 optimizers, as well as the ``back ends'' that generate machine code for | |
32 various processors. | |
33 | |
34 @cindex COBOL | |
35 @cindex Mercury | |
36 @cindex Pascal | |
37 The part of a compiler that is specific to a particular language is | |
38 called the ``front end''. In addition to the front ends that are | |
39 integrated components of GCC, there are several other front ends that | |
40 are maintained separately. These support languages such as Pascal, | |
41 Mercury, and COBOL@. To use these, they must be built together with | |
42 GCC proper. | |
43 | |
44 @cindex C++ | |
45 @cindex G++ | |
46 @cindex Ada | |
47 @cindex GNAT | |
48 Most of the compilers for languages other than C have their own names. | |
49 The C++ compiler is G++, the Ada compiler is GNAT, and so on. When we | |
50 talk about compiling one of those languages, we might refer to that | |
51 compiler by its own name, or as GCC@. Either is correct. | |
52 | |
53 @cindex compiler compared to C++ preprocessor | |
54 @cindex intermediate C version, nonexistent | |
55 @cindex C intermediate output, nonexistent | |
56 Historically, compilers for many languages, including C++ and Fortran, | |
57 have been implemented as ``preprocessors'' which emit another high | |
58 level language such as C@. None of the compilers included in GCC are | |
59 implemented this way; they all generate machine code directly. This | |
60 sort of preprocessor should not be confused with the @dfn{C | |
61 preprocessor}, which is an integral feature of the C, C++, Objective-C | |
62 and Objective-C++ languages. |