diff gcc/sanopt.c @ 111:04ced10e8804

gcc 7
author kono
date Fri, 27 Oct 2017 22:46:09 +0900
parents
children 84e7813d76e9
line wrap: on
line diff
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/gcc/sanopt.c	Fri Oct 27 22:46:09 2017 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,1370 @@
+/* Optimize and expand sanitizer functions.
+   Copyright (C) 2014-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by Marek Polacek <polacek@redhat.com>
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "backend.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "gimple.h"
+#include "ssa.h"
+#include "tree-pass.h"
+#include "tree-ssa-operands.h"
+#include "gimple-pretty-print.h"
+#include "fold-const.h"
+#include "gimple-iterator.h"
+#include "stringpool.h"
+#include "attribs.h"
+#include "asan.h"
+#include "ubsan.h"
+#include "params.h"
+#include "tree-hash-traits.h"
+#include "gimple-ssa.h"
+#include "tree-phinodes.h"
+#include "ssa-iterators.h"
+#include "gimplify.h"
+#include "gimple-iterator.h"
+#include "gimple-walk.h"
+#include "cfghooks.h"
+#include "tree-dfa.h"
+#include "tree-ssa.h"
+#include "varasm.h"
+
+/* This is used to carry information about basic blocks.  It is
+   attached to the AUX field of the standard CFG block.  */
+
+struct sanopt_info
+{
+  /* True if this BB might call (directly or indirectly) free/munmap
+     or similar operation.  */
+  bool has_freeing_call_p;
+
+  /* True if HAS_FREEING_CALL_P flag has been computed.  */
+  bool has_freeing_call_computed_p;
+
+  /* True if there is a block with HAS_FREEING_CALL_P flag set
+     on any path between an immediate dominator of BB, denoted
+     imm(BB), and BB.  */
+  bool imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p;
+
+  /* True if IMM_DOM_PATH_WITH_FREEING_CALL_P has been computed.  */
+  bool imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p;
+
+  /* Number of possibly freeing calls encountered in this bb
+     (so far).  */
+  uint64_t freeing_call_events;
+
+  /* True if BB is currently being visited during computation
+     of IMM_DOM_PATH_WITH_FREEING_CALL_P flag.  */
+  bool being_visited_p;
+
+  /* True if this BB has been visited in the dominator walk.  */
+  bool visited_p;
+};
+
+/* If T has a single definition of form T = T2, return T2.  */
+
+static tree
+maybe_get_single_definition (tree t)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == SSA_NAME)
+    {
+      gimple *g = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (t);
+      if (gimple_assign_single_p (g))
+	return gimple_assign_rhs1 (g);
+    }
+  return NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Tree triplet for vptr_check_map.  */
+struct sanopt_tree_triplet
+{
+  tree t1, t2, t3;
+};
+
+/* Traits class for tree triplet hash maps below.  */
+
+struct sanopt_tree_triplet_hash : typed_noop_remove <sanopt_tree_triplet>
+{
+  typedef sanopt_tree_triplet value_type;
+  typedef sanopt_tree_triplet compare_type;
+
+  static hashval_t
+  hash (const sanopt_tree_triplet &ref)
+  {
+    inchash::hash hstate (0);
+    inchash::add_expr (ref.t1, hstate);
+    inchash::add_expr (ref.t2, hstate);
+    inchash::add_expr (ref.t3, hstate);
+    return hstate.end ();
+  }
+
+  static bool
+  equal (const sanopt_tree_triplet &ref1, const sanopt_tree_triplet &ref2)
+  {
+    return operand_equal_p (ref1.t1, ref2.t1, 0)
+	   && operand_equal_p (ref1.t2, ref2.t2, 0)
+	   && operand_equal_p (ref1.t3, ref2.t3, 0);
+  }
+
+  static void
+  mark_deleted (sanopt_tree_triplet &ref)
+  {
+    ref.t1 = reinterpret_cast<tree> (1);
+  }
+
+  static void
+  mark_empty (sanopt_tree_triplet &ref)
+  {
+    ref.t1 = NULL;
+  }
+
+  static bool
+  is_deleted (const sanopt_tree_triplet &ref)
+  {
+    return ref.t1 == reinterpret_cast<tree> (1);
+  }
+
+  static bool
+  is_empty (const sanopt_tree_triplet &ref)
+  {
+    return ref.t1 == NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+/* Tree couple for ptr_check_map.  */
+struct sanopt_tree_couple
+{
+  tree ptr;
+  bool pos_p;
+};
+
+/* Traits class for tree triplet hash maps below.  */
+
+struct sanopt_tree_couple_hash : typed_noop_remove <sanopt_tree_couple>
+{
+  typedef sanopt_tree_couple value_type;
+  typedef sanopt_tree_couple compare_type;
+
+  static hashval_t
+  hash (const sanopt_tree_couple &ref)
+  {
+    inchash::hash hstate (0);
+    inchash::add_expr (ref.ptr, hstate);
+    hstate.add_int (ref.pos_p);
+    return hstate.end ();
+  }
+
+  static bool
+  equal (const sanopt_tree_couple &ref1, const sanopt_tree_couple &ref2)
+  {
+    return operand_equal_p (ref1.ptr, ref2.ptr, 0)
+	   && ref1.pos_p == ref2.pos_p;
+  }
+
+  static void
+  mark_deleted (sanopt_tree_couple &ref)
+  {
+    ref.ptr = reinterpret_cast<tree> (1);
+  }
+
+  static void
+  mark_empty (sanopt_tree_couple &ref)
+  {
+    ref.ptr = NULL;
+  }
+
+  static bool
+  is_deleted (const sanopt_tree_couple &ref)
+  {
+    return ref.ptr == reinterpret_cast<tree> (1);
+  }
+
+  static bool
+  is_empty (const sanopt_tree_couple &ref)
+  {
+    return ref.ptr == NULL;
+  }
+};
+
+/* This is used to carry various hash maps and variables used
+   in sanopt_optimize_walker.  */
+
+struct sanopt_ctx
+{
+  /* This map maps a pointer (the first argument of UBSAN_NULL) to
+     a vector of UBSAN_NULL call statements that check this pointer.  */
+  hash_map<tree, auto_vec<gimple *> > null_check_map;
+
+  /* This map maps a pointer (the second argument of ASAN_CHECK) to
+     a vector of ASAN_CHECK call statements that check the access.  */
+  hash_map<tree_operand_hash, auto_vec<gimple *> > asan_check_map;
+
+  /* This map maps a tree triplet (the first, second and fourth argument
+     of UBSAN_VPTR) to a vector of UBSAN_VPTR call statements that check
+     that virtual table pointer.  */
+  hash_map<sanopt_tree_triplet_hash, auto_vec<gimple *> > vptr_check_map;
+
+  /* This map maps a couple (tree and boolean) to a vector of UBSAN_PTR
+     call statements that check that pointer overflow.  */
+  hash_map<sanopt_tree_couple_hash, auto_vec<gimple *> > ptr_check_map;
+
+  /* Number of IFN_ASAN_CHECK statements.  */
+  int asan_num_accesses;
+
+  /* True when the current functions constains an ASAN_MARK.  */
+  bool contains_asan_mark;
+};
+
+/* Return true if there might be any call to free/munmap operation
+   on any path in between DOM (which should be imm(BB)) and BB.  */
+
+static bool
+imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call (basic_block bb, basic_block dom)
+{
+  sanopt_info *info = (sanopt_info *) bb->aux;
+  edge e;
+  edge_iterator ei;
+
+  if (info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p)
+    return info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p;
+
+  info->being_visited_p = true;
+
+  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)
+    {
+      sanopt_info *pred_info = (sanopt_info *) e->src->aux;
+
+      if (e->src == dom)
+	continue;
+
+      if ((pred_info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p
+	  && pred_info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p)
+	  || (pred_info->has_freeing_call_computed_p
+	      && pred_info->has_freeing_call_p))
+	{
+	  info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p = true;
+	  info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p = true;
+	  info->being_visited_p = false;
+	  return true;
+	}
+    }
+
+  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)
+    {
+      sanopt_info *pred_info = (sanopt_info *) e->src->aux;
+
+      if (e->src == dom)
+	continue;
+
+      if (pred_info->has_freeing_call_computed_p)
+	continue;
+
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (e->src); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  gasm *asm_stmt;
+
+	  if ((is_gimple_call (stmt) && !nonfreeing_call_p (stmt))
+	      || ((asm_stmt = dyn_cast <gasm *> (stmt))
+		  && (gimple_asm_clobbers_memory_p (asm_stmt)
+		      || gimple_asm_volatile_p (asm_stmt))))
+	    {
+	      pred_info->has_freeing_call_p = true;
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      pred_info->has_freeing_call_computed_p = true;
+      if (pred_info->has_freeing_call_p)
+	{
+	  info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p = true;
+	  info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p = true;
+	  info->being_visited_p = false;
+	  return true;
+	}
+    }
+
+  FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)
+    {
+      if (e->src == dom)
+	continue;
+
+      basic_block src;
+      for (src = e->src; src != dom; )
+	{
+	  sanopt_info *pred_info = (sanopt_info *) src->aux;
+	  if (pred_info->being_visited_p)
+	    break;
+	  basic_block imm = get_immediate_dominator (CDI_DOMINATORS, src);
+	  if (imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call (src, imm))
+	    {
+	      info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p = true;
+	      info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p = true;
+	      info->being_visited_p = false;
+	      return true;
+	    }
+	  src = imm;
+	}
+    }
+
+  info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_computed_p = true;
+  info->imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call_p = false;
+  info->being_visited_p = false;
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Get the first dominating check from the list of stored checks.
+   Non-dominating checks are silently dropped.  */
+
+static gimple *
+maybe_get_dominating_check (auto_vec<gimple *> &v)
+{
+  for (; !v.is_empty (); v.pop ())
+    {
+      gimple *g = v.last ();
+      sanopt_info *si = (sanopt_info *) gimple_bb (g)->aux;
+      if (!si->visited_p)
+	/* At this point we shouldn't have any statements
+	   that aren't dominating the current BB.  */
+	return g;
+    }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* Optimize away redundant UBSAN_NULL calls.  */
+
+static bool
+maybe_optimize_ubsan_null_ifn (struct sanopt_ctx *ctx, gimple *stmt)
+{
+  gcc_assert (gimple_call_num_args (stmt) == 3);
+  tree ptr = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 0);
+  tree cur_align = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 2);
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (cur_align) == INTEGER_CST);
+  bool remove = false;
+
+  auto_vec<gimple *> &v = ctx->null_check_map.get_or_insert (ptr);
+  gimple *g = maybe_get_dominating_check (v);
+  if (!g)
+    {
+      /* For this PTR we don't have any UBSAN_NULL stmts recorded, so there's
+	 nothing to optimize yet.  */
+      v.safe_push (stmt);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  /* We already have recorded a UBSAN_NULL check for this pointer. Perhaps we
+     can drop this one.  But only if this check doesn't specify stricter
+     alignment.  */
+
+  tree align = gimple_call_arg (g, 2);
+  int kind = tree_to_shwi (gimple_call_arg (g, 1));
+  /* If this is a NULL pointer check where we had segv anyway, we can
+     remove it.  */
+  if (integer_zerop (align)
+      && (kind == UBSAN_LOAD_OF
+	  || kind == UBSAN_STORE_OF
+	  || kind == UBSAN_MEMBER_ACCESS))
+    remove = true;
+  /* Otherwise remove the check in non-recovering mode, or if the
+     stmts have same location.  */
+  else if (integer_zerop (align))
+    remove = (flag_sanitize_recover & SANITIZE_NULL) == 0
+	      || flag_sanitize_undefined_trap_on_error
+	      || gimple_location (g) == gimple_location (stmt);
+  else if (tree_int_cst_le (cur_align, align))
+    remove = (flag_sanitize_recover & SANITIZE_ALIGNMENT) == 0
+	      || flag_sanitize_undefined_trap_on_error
+	      || gimple_location (g) == gimple_location (stmt);
+
+  if (!remove && gimple_bb (g) == gimple_bb (stmt)
+      && tree_int_cst_compare (cur_align, align) == 0)
+    v.pop ();
+
+  if (!remove)
+    v.safe_push (stmt);
+  return remove;
+}
+
+/* Return true when pointer PTR for a given CUR_OFFSET is already sanitized
+   in a given sanitization context CTX.  */
+
+static bool
+has_dominating_ubsan_ptr_check (sanopt_ctx *ctx, tree ptr,
+				offset_int &cur_offset)
+{
+  bool pos_p = !wi::neg_p (cur_offset);
+  sanopt_tree_couple couple;
+  couple.ptr = ptr;
+  couple.pos_p = pos_p;
+
+  auto_vec<gimple *> &v = ctx->ptr_check_map.get_or_insert (couple);
+  gimple *g = maybe_get_dominating_check (v);
+  if (!g)
+    return false;
+
+  /* We already have recorded a UBSAN_PTR check for this pointer.  Perhaps we
+     can drop this one.  But only if this check doesn't specify larger offset.
+     */
+  tree offset = gimple_call_arg (g, 1);
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (offset) == INTEGER_CST);
+  offset_int ooffset = wi::sext (wi::to_offset (offset), POINTER_SIZE);
+
+  if (pos_p)
+    {
+      if (wi::les_p (cur_offset, ooffset))
+	return true;
+    }
+  else if (!pos_p && wi::les_p (ooffset, cur_offset))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Record UBSAN_PTR check of given context CTX.  Register pointer PTR on
+   a given OFFSET that it's handled by GIMPLE STMT.  */
+
+static void
+record_ubsan_ptr_check_stmt (sanopt_ctx *ctx, gimple *stmt, tree ptr,
+			     const offset_int &offset)
+{
+  sanopt_tree_couple couple;
+  couple.ptr = ptr;
+  couple.pos_p = !wi::neg_p (offset);
+
+  auto_vec<gimple *> &v = ctx->ptr_check_map.get_or_insert (couple);
+  v.safe_push (stmt);
+}
+
+/* Optimize away redundant UBSAN_PTR calls.  */
+
+static bool
+maybe_optimize_ubsan_ptr_ifn (sanopt_ctx *ctx, gimple *stmt)
+{
+  HOST_WIDE_INT bitsize, bitpos;
+  machine_mode mode;
+  int volatilep = 0, reversep, unsignedp = 0;
+  tree offset;
+
+  gcc_assert (gimple_call_num_args (stmt) == 2);
+  tree ptr = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 0);
+  tree off = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 1);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (off) != INTEGER_CST)
+    return false;
+
+  if (integer_zerop (off))
+    return true;
+
+  offset_int cur_offset = wi::sext (wi::to_offset (off), POINTER_SIZE);
+  if (has_dominating_ubsan_ptr_check (ctx, ptr, cur_offset))
+    return true;
+
+  tree base = ptr;
+  if (TREE_CODE (base) == ADDR_EXPR)
+    {
+      base = TREE_OPERAND (base, 0);
+
+      base = get_inner_reference (base, &bitsize, &bitpos, &offset, &mode,
+				  &unsignedp, &reversep, &volatilep);
+      if (offset == NULL_TREE && DECL_P (base))
+	{
+	  gcc_assert (!DECL_REGISTER (base));
+	  offset_int expr_offset = bitpos / BITS_PER_UNIT;
+	  offset_int total_offset = expr_offset + cur_offset;
+	  if (total_offset != wi::sext (total_offset, POINTER_SIZE))
+	    {
+	      record_ubsan_ptr_check_stmt (ctx, stmt, ptr, cur_offset);
+	      return false;
+	    }
+
+	  /* If BASE is a fixed size automatic variable or
+	     global variable defined in the current TU, we don't have
+	     to instrument anything if offset is within address
+	     of the variable.  */
+	  if ((VAR_P (base)
+	       || TREE_CODE (base) == PARM_DECL
+	       || TREE_CODE (base) == RESULT_DECL)
+	      && DECL_SIZE_UNIT (base)
+	      && TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE_UNIT (base)) == INTEGER_CST
+	      && (!is_global_var (base) || decl_binds_to_current_def_p (base)))
+	    {
+	      offset_int base_size = wi::to_offset (DECL_SIZE_UNIT (base));
+	      if (bitpos >= 0
+		  && wi::les_p (total_offset, base_size))
+		{
+		  if (!wi::neg_p (total_offset)
+		      && wi::les_p (total_offset, base_size))
+		    return true;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* Following expression: UBSAN_PTR (&MEM_REF[ptr + x], y) can be
+	     handled as follows:
+
+	     1) sign (x) == sign (y), then check for dominating check of (x + y)
+	     2) sign (x) != sign (y), then first check if we have a dominating
+		check for ptr + x.  If so, then we have 2 situations:
+		a) sign (x) == sign (x + y), here we are done, example:
+		   UBSAN_PTR (&MEM_REF[ptr + 100], -50)
+		b) check for dominating check of ptr + x + y.
+	     */
+
+	  bool sign_cur_offset = !wi::neg_p (cur_offset);
+	  bool sign_expr_offset = bitpos >= 0;
+
+	  tree base_addr
+	    = build1 (ADDR_EXPR, build_pointer_type (TREE_TYPE (base)), base);
+
+	  bool add = false;
+	  if (sign_cur_offset == sign_expr_offset)
+	    {
+	      if (has_dominating_ubsan_ptr_check (ctx, base_addr, total_offset))
+		return true;
+	      else
+		add = true;
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      if (!has_dominating_ubsan_ptr_check (ctx, base_addr, expr_offset))
+		; /* Don't record base_addr + expr_offset, it's not a guarding
+		     check.  */
+	      else
+		{
+		  bool sign_total_offset = !wi::neg_p (total_offset);
+		  if (sign_expr_offset == sign_total_offset)
+		    return true;
+		  else
+		    {
+		      if (has_dominating_ubsan_ptr_check (ctx, base_addr,
+							  total_offset))
+			return true;
+		      else
+			add = true;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  /* Record a new dominating check for base_addr + total_offset.  */
+	  if (add && !operand_equal_p (base, base_addr, 0))
+	    record_ubsan_ptr_check_stmt (ctx, stmt, base_addr,
+					 total_offset);
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* For this PTR we don't have any UBSAN_PTR stmts recorded, so there's
+     nothing to optimize yet.  */
+  record_ubsan_ptr_check_stmt (ctx, stmt, ptr, cur_offset);
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Optimize away redundant UBSAN_VPTR calls.  The second argument
+   is the value loaded from the virtual table, so rely on FRE to find out
+   when we can actually optimize.  */
+
+static bool
+maybe_optimize_ubsan_vptr_ifn (struct sanopt_ctx *ctx, gimple *stmt)
+{
+  gcc_assert (gimple_call_num_args (stmt) == 5);
+  sanopt_tree_triplet triplet;
+  triplet.t1 = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 0);
+  triplet.t2 = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 1);
+  triplet.t3 = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 3);
+
+  auto_vec<gimple *> &v = ctx->vptr_check_map.get_or_insert (triplet);
+  gimple *g = maybe_get_dominating_check (v);
+  if (!g)
+    {
+      /* For this PTR we don't have any UBSAN_VPTR stmts recorded, so there's
+	 nothing to optimize yet.  */
+      v.safe_push (stmt);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Returns TRUE if ASan check of length LEN in block BB can be removed
+   if preceded by checks in V.  */
+
+static bool
+can_remove_asan_check (auto_vec<gimple *> &v, tree len, basic_block bb)
+{
+  unsigned int i;
+  gimple *g;
+  gimple *to_pop = NULL;
+  bool remove = false;
+  basic_block last_bb = bb;
+  bool cleanup = false;
+
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT_REVERSE (v, i, g)
+    {
+      basic_block gbb = gimple_bb (g);
+      sanopt_info *si = (sanopt_info *) gbb->aux;
+      if (gimple_uid (g) < si->freeing_call_events)
+	{
+	  /* If there is a potentially freeing call after g in gbb, we should
+	     remove it from the vector, can't use in optimization.  */
+	  cleanup = true;
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      tree glen = gimple_call_arg (g, 2);
+      gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (glen) == INTEGER_CST);
+
+      /* If we've checked only smaller length than we want to check now,
+	 we can't remove the current stmt.  If g is in the same basic block,
+	 we want to remove it though, as the current stmt is better.  */
+      if (tree_int_cst_lt (glen, len))
+	{
+	  if (gbb == bb)
+	    {
+	      to_pop = g;
+	      cleanup = true;
+	    }
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      while (last_bb != gbb)
+	{
+	  /* Paths from last_bb to bb have been checked before.
+	     gbb is necessarily a dominator of last_bb, but not necessarily
+	     immediate dominator.  */
+	  if (((sanopt_info *) last_bb->aux)->freeing_call_events)
+	    break;
+
+	  basic_block imm = get_immediate_dominator (CDI_DOMINATORS, last_bb);
+	  gcc_assert (imm);
+	  if (imm_dom_path_with_freeing_call (last_bb, imm))
+	    break;
+
+	  last_bb = imm;
+	}
+      if (last_bb == gbb)
+	remove = true;
+      break;
+    }
+
+  if (cleanup)
+    {
+      unsigned int j = 0, l = v.length ();
+      for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
+	if (v[i] != to_pop
+	    && (gimple_uid (v[i])
+		== ((sanopt_info *)
+		    gimple_bb (v[i])->aux)->freeing_call_events))
+	  {
+	    if (i != j)
+	      v[j] = v[i];
+	    j++;
+	  }
+      v.truncate (j);
+    }
+
+  return remove;
+}
+
+/* Optimize away redundant ASAN_CHECK calls.  */
+
+static bool
+maybe_optimize_asan_check_ifn (struct sanopt_ctx *ctx, gimple *stmt)
+{
+  gcc_assert (gimple_call_num_args (stmt) == 4);
+  tree ptr = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 1);
+  tree len = gimple_call_arg (stmt, 2);
+  basic_block bb = gimple_bb (stmt);
+  sanopt_info *info = (sanopt_info *) bb->aux;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (len) != INTEGER_CST)
+    return false;
+  if (integer_zerop (len))
+    return false;
+
+  gimple_set_uid (stmt, info->freeing_call_events);
+
+  auto_vec<gimple *> *ptr_checks = &ctx->asan_check_map.get_or_insert (ptr);
+
+  tree base_addr = maybe_get_single_definition (ptr);
+  auto_vec<gimple *> *base_checks = NULL;
+  if (base_addr)
+    {
+      base_checks = &ctx->asan_check_map.get_or_insert (base_addr);
+      /* Original pointer might have been invalidated.  */
+      ptr_checks = ctx->asan_check_map.get (ptr);
+    }
+
+  gimple *g = maybe_get_dominating_check (*ptr_checks);
+  gimple *g2 = NULL;
+
+  if (base_checks)
+    /* Try with base address as well.  */
+    g2 = maybe_get_dominating_check (*base_checks);
+
+  if (g == NULL && g2 == NULL)
+    {
+      /* For this PTR we don't have any ASAN_CHECK stmts recorded, so there's
+	 nothing to optimize yet.  */
+      ptr_checks->safe_push (stmt);
+      if (base_checks)
+	base_checks->safe_push (stmt);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  bool remove = false;
+
+  if (ptr_checks)
+    remove = can_remove_asan_check (*ptr_checks, len, bb);
+
+  if (!remove && base_checks)
+    /* Try with base address as well.  */
+    remove = can_remove_asan_check (*base_checks, len, bb);
+
+  if (!remove)
+    {
+      ptr_checks->safe_push (stmt);
+      if (base_checks)
+	base_checks->safe_push (stmt);
+    }
+
+  return remove;
+}
+
+/* Try to optimize away redundant UBSAN_NULL and ASAN_CHECK calls.
+
+   We walk blocks in the CFG via a depth first search of the dominator
+   tree; we push unique UBSAN_NULL or ASAN_CHECK statements into a vector
+   in the NULL_CHECK_MAP or ASAN_CHECK_MAP hash maps as we enter the
+   blocks.  When leaving a block, we mark the block as visited; then
+   when checking the statements in the vector, we ignore statements that
+   are coming from already visited blocks, because these cannot dominate
+   anything anymore.  CTX is a sanopt context.  */
+
+static void
+sanopt_optimize_walker (basic_block bb, struct sanopt_ctx *ctx)
+{
+  basic_block son;
+  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+  sanopt_info *info = (sanopt_info *) bb->aux;
+  bool asan_check_optimize = (flag_sanitize & SANITIZE_ADDRESS) != 0;
+
+  for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi);)
+    {
+      gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+      bool remove = false;
+
+      if (!is_gimple_call (stmt))
+	{
+	  /* Handle asm volatile or asm with "memory" clobber
+	     the same as potentionally freeing call.  */
+	  gasm *asm_stmt = dyn_cast <gasm *> (stmt);
+	  if (asm_stmt
+	      && asan_check_optimize
+	      && (gimple_asm_clobbers_memory_p (asm_stmt)
+		  || gimple_asm_volatile_p (asm_stmt)))
+	    info->freeing_call_events++;
+	  gsi_next (&gsi);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      if (asan_check_optimize && !nonfreeing_call_p (stmt))
+	info->freeing_call_events++;
+
+      /* If __asan_before_dynamic_init ("module"); is followed by
+	 __asan_after_dynamic_init (); without intervening memory loads/stores,
+	 there is nothing to guard, so optimize both away.  */
+      if (asan_check_optimize
+	  && gimple_call_builtin_p (stmt, BUILT_IN_ASAN_BEFORE_DYNAMIC_INIT))
+	{
+	  use_operand_p use;
+	  gimple *use_stmt;
+	  if (single_imm_use (gimple_vdef (stmt), &use, &use_stmt))
+	    {
+	      if (is_gimple_call (use_stmt)
+		  && gimple_call_builtin_p (use_stmt,
+					    BUILT_IN_ASAN_AFTER_DYNAMIC_INIT))
+		{
+		  unlink_stmt_vdef (use_stmt);
+		  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi2 = gsi_for_stmt (use_stmt);
+		  gsi_remove (&gsi2, true);
+		  remove = true;
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+
+      if (gimple_call_internal_p (stmt))
+	switch (gimple_call_internal_fn (stmt))
+	  {
+	  case IFN_UBSAN_NULL:
+	    remove = maybe_optimize_ubsan_null_ifn (ctx, stmt);
+	    break;
+	  case IFN_UBSAN_VPTR:
+	    remove = maybe_optimize_ubsan_vptr_ifn (ctx, stmt);
+	    break;
+	  case IFN_UBSAN_PTR:
+	    remove = maybe_optimize_ubsan_ptr_ifn (ctx, stmt);
+	    break;
+	  case IFN_ASAN_CHECK:
+	    if (asan_check_optimize)
+	      remove = maybe_optimize_asan_check_ifn (ctx, stmt);
+	    if (!remove)
+	      ctx->asan_num_accesses++;
+	    break;
+	  case IFN_ASAN_MARK:
+	    ctx->contains_asan_mark = true;
+	    break;
+	  default:
+	    break;
+	  }
+
+      if (remove)
+	{
+	  /* Drop this check.  */
+	  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
+	    {
+	      fprintf (dump_file, "Optimizing out: ");
+	      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, stmt, 0, dump_flags);
+	    }
+	  unlink_stmt_vdef (stmt);
+	  gsi_remove (&gsi, true);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
+	    {
+	      fprintf (dump_file, "Leaving: ");
+	      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, stmt, 0, dump_flags);
+	    }
+
+	  gsi_next (&gsi);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (asan_check_optimize)
+    {
+      info->has_freeing_call_p = info->freeing_call_events != 0;
+      info->has_freeing_call_computed_p = true;
+    }
+
+  for (son = first_dom_son (CDI_DOMINATORS, bb);
+       son;
+       son = next_dom_son (CDI_DOMINATORS, son))
+    sanopt_optimize_walker (son, ctx);
+
+  /* We're leaving this BB, so mark it to that effect.  */
+  info->visited_p = true;
+}
+
+/* Try to remove redundant sanitizer checks in function FUN.  */
+
+static int
+sanopt_optimize (function *fun, bool *contains_asan_mark)
+{
+  struct sanopt_ctx ctx;
+  ctx.asan_num_accesses = 0;
+  ctx.contains_asan_mark = false;
+
+  /* Set up block info for each basic block.  */
+  alloc_aux_for_blocks (sizeof (sanopt_info));
+
+  /* We're going to do a dominator walk, so ensure that we have
+     dominance information.  */
+  calculate_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
+
+  /* Recursively walk the dominator tree optimizing away
+     redundant checks.  */
+  sanopt_optimize_walker (ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (fun), &ctx);
+
+  free_aux_for_blocks ();
+
+  *contains_asan_mark = ctx.contains_asan_mark;
+  return ctx.asan_num_accesses;
+}
+
+/* Perform optimization of sanitize functions.  */
+
+namespace {
+
+const pass_data pass_data_sanopt =
+{
+  GIMPLE_PASS, /* type */
+  "sanopt", /* name */
+  OPTGROUP_NONE, /* optinfo_flags */
+  TV_NONE, /* tv_id */
+  ( PROP_ssa | PROP_cfg | PROP_gimple_leh ), /* properties_required */
+  0, /* properties_provided */
+  0, /* properties_destroyed */
+  0, /* todo_flags_start */
+  TODO_update_ssa, /* todo_flags_finish */
+};
+
+class pass_sanopt : public gimple_opt_pass
+{
+public:
+  pass_sanopt (gcc::context *ctxt)
+    : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_sanopt, ctxt)
+  {}
+
+  /* opt_pass methods: */
+  virtual bool gate (function *) { return flag_sanitize; }
+  virtual unsigned int execute (function *);
+
+}; // class pass_sanopt
+
+/* Sanitize all ASAN_MARK unpoison calls that are not reachable by a BB
+   that contains an ASAN_MARK poison.  All these ASAN_MARK unpoison call
+   can be removed as all variables are unpoisoned in a function prologue.  */
+
+static void
+sanitize_asan_mark_unpoison (void)
+{
+  /* 1) Find all BBs that contain an ASAN_MARK poison call.  */
+  auto_sbitmap with_poison (last_basic_block_for_fn (cfun) + 1);
+  bitmap_clear (with_poison);
+  basic_block bb;
+
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+    {
+      if (bitmap_bit_p (with_poison, bb->index))
+	continue;
+
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_last_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_prev (&gsi))
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  if (asan_mark_p (stmt, ASAN_MARK_POISON))
+	    {
+	      bitmap_set_bit (with_poison, bb->index);
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  auto_sbitmap poisoned (last_basic_block_for_fn (cfun) + 1);
+  bitmap_clear (poisoned);
+  auto_sbitmap worklist (last_basic_block_for_fn (cfun) + 1);
+  bitmap_copy (worklist, with_poison);
+
+  /* 2) Propagate the information to all reachable blocks.  */
+  while (!bitmap_empty_p (worklist))
+    {
+      unsigned i = bitmap_first_set_bit (worklist);
+      bitmap_clear_bit (worklist, i);
+      basic_block bb = BASIC_BLOCK_FOR_FN (cfun, i);
+      gcc_assert (bb);
+
+      edge e;
+      edge_iterator ei;
+      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->succs)
+	if (!bitmap_bit_p (poisoned, e->dest->index))
+	  {
+	    bitmap_set_bit (poisoned, e->dest->index);
+	    bitmap_set_bit (worklist, e->dest->index);
+	  }
+    }
+
+  /* 3) Iterate all BBs not included in POISONED BBs and remove unpoison
+	ASAN_MARK preceding an ASAN_MARK poison (which can still happen).  */
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+    {
+      if (bitmap_bit_p (poisoned, bb->index))
+	continue;
+
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi);)
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  if (gimple_call_internal_p (stmt, IFN_ASAN_MARK))
+	    {
+	      if (asan_mark_p (stmt, ASAN_MARK_POISON))
+		break;
+	      else
+		{
+		  if (dump_file)
+		    fprintf (dump_file, "Removing ASAN_MARK unpoison\n");
+		  unlink_stmt_vdef (stmt);
+		  release_defs (stmt);
+		  gsi_remove (&gsi, true);
+		  continue;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  gsi_next (&gsi);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/* Return true when STMT is either ASAN_CHECK call or a call of a function
+   that can contain an ASAN_CHECK.  */
+
+static bool
+maybe_contains_asan_check (gimple *stmt)
+{
+  if (is_gimple_call (stmt))
+    {
+      if (gimple_call_internal_p (stmt, IFN_ASAN_MARK))
+	return false;
+      else
+	return !(gimple_call_flags (stmt) & ECF_CONST);
+    }
+  else if (is_a<gasm *> (stmt))
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Sanitize all ASAN_MARK poison calls that are not followed by an ASAN_CHECK
+   call.  These calls can be removed.  */
+
+static void
+sanitize_asan_mark_poison (void)
+{
+  /* 1) Find all BBs that possibly contain an ASAN_CHECK.  */
+  auto_sbitmap with_check (last_basic_block_for_fn (cfun) + 1);
+  bitmap_clear (with_check);
+  basic_block bb;
+
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+    {
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_last_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_prev (&gsi))
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  if (maybe_contains_asan_check (stmt))
+	    {
+	      bitmap_set_bit (with_check, bb->index);
+	      break;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  auto_sbitmap can_reach_check (last_basic_block_for_fn (cfun) + 1);
+  bitmap_clear (can_reach_check);
+  auto_sbitmap worklist (last_basic_block_for_fn (cfun) + 1);
+  bitmap_copy (worklist, with_check);
+
+  /* 2) Propagate the information to all definitions blocks.  */
+  while (!bitmap_empty_p (worklist))
+    {
+      unsigned i = bitmap_first_set_bit (worklist);
+      bitmap_clear_bit (worklist, i);
+      basic_block bb = BASIC_BLOCK_FOR_FN (cfun, i);
+      gcc_assert (bb);
+
+      edge e;
+      edge_iterator ei;
+      FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, bb->preds)
+	if (!bitmap_bit_p (can_reach_check, e->src->index))
+	  {
+	    bitmap_set_bit (can_reach_check, e->src->index);
+	    bitmap_set_bit (worklist, e->src->index);
+	  }
+    }
+
+  /* 3) Iterate all BBs not included in CAN_REACH_CHECK BBs and remove poison
+	ASAN_MARK not followed by a call to function having an ASAN_CHECK.  */
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, cfun)
+    {
+      if (bitmap_bit_p (can_reach_check, bb->index))
+	continue;
+
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_last_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi);)
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  if (maybe_contains_asan_check (stmt))
+	    break;
+	  else if (asan_mark_p (stmt, ASAN_MARK_POISON))
+	    {
+	      if (dump_file)
+		fprintf (dump_file, "Removing ASAN_MARK poison\n");
+	      unlink_stmt_vdef (stmt);
+	      release_defs (stmt);
+	      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi2 = gsi;
+	      gsi_prev (&gsi);
+	      gsi_remove (&gsi2, true);
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	  gsi_prev (&gsi);
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+/* Rewrite all usages of tree OP which is a PARM_DECL with a VAR_DECL
+   that is it's DECL_VALUE_EXPR.  */
+
+static tree
+rewrite_usage_of_param (tree *op, int *walk_subtrees, void *)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (*op) == PARM_DECL && DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (*op))
+    {
+      *op = DECL_VALUE_EXPR (*op);
+      *walk_subtrees = 0;
+    }
+
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* For a given function FUN, rewrite all addressable parameters so that
+   a new automatic variable is introduced.  Right after function entry
+   a parameter is assigned to the variable.  */
+
+static void
+sanitize_rewrite_addressable_params (function *fun)
+{
+  gimple *g;
+  gimple_seq stmts = NULL;
+  bool has_any_addressable_param = false;
+  auto_vec<tree> clear_value_expr_list;
+
+  for (tree arg = DECL_ARGUMENTS (current_function_decl);
+       arg; arg = DECL_CHAIN (arg))
+    {
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (arg);
+      if (TREE_ADDRESSABLE (arg) && !TREE_ADDRESSABLE (type)
+	  && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (type)) == INTEGER_CST)
+	{
+	  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (arg) = 0;
+	  /* The parameter is no longer addressable.  */
+	  has_any_addressable_param = true;
+
+	  /* Create a new automatic variable.  */
+	  tree var = build_decl (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (arg),
+				 VAR_DECL, DECL_NAME (arg), type);
+	  TREE_ADDRESSABLE (var) = 1;
+	  DECL_IGNORED_P (var) = 1;
+
+	  gimple_add_tmp_var (var);
+
+	  if (dump_file)
+	    fprintf (dump_file,
+		     "Rewriting parameter whose address is taken: %s\n",
+		     IDENTIFIER_POINTER (DECL_NAME (arg)));
+
+	  gcc_assert (!DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (arg));
+
+	  SET_DECL_PT_UID (var, DECL_PT_UID (arg));
+
+	  /* Assign value of parameter to newly created variable.  */
+	  if ((TREE_CODE (type) == COMPLEX_TYPE
+	       || TREE_CODE (type) == VECTOR_TYPE))
+	    {
+	      /* We need to create a SSA name that will be used for the
+		 assignment.  */
+	      DECL_GIMPLE_REG_P (arg) = 1;
+	      tree tmp = get_or_create_ssa_default_def (cfun, arg);
+	      g = gimple_build_assign (var, tmp);
+	      gimple_set_location (g, DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (arg));
+	      gimple_seq_add_stmt (&stmts, g);
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      g = gimple_build_assign (var, arg);
+	      gimple_set_location (g, DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (arg));
+	      gimple_seq_add_stmt (&stmts, g);
+	    }
+
+	  if (target_for_debug_bind (arg))
+	    {
+	      g = gimple_build_debug_bind (arg, var, NULL);
+	      gimple_seq_add_stmt (&stmts, g);
+	      clear_value_expr_list.safe_push (arg);
+	    }
+
+	  DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (arg) = 1;
+	  SET_DECL_VALUE_EXPR (arg, var);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (!has_any_addressable_param)
+    return;
+
+  /* Replace all usages of PARM_DECLs with the newly
+     created variable VAR.  */
+  basic_block bb;
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, fun)
+    {
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  gimple_stmt_iterator it = gsi_for_stmt (stmt);
+	  walk_gimple_stmt (&it, NULL, rewrite_usage_of_param, NULL);
+	}
+      for (gsi = gsi_start_phis (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+	{
+	  gphi *phi = dyn_cast<gphi *> (gsi_stmt (gsi));
+          for (unsigned i = 0; i < gimple_phi_num_args (phi); ++i)
+	    {
+	      hash_set<tree> visited_nodes;
+	      walk_tree (gimple_phi_arg_def_ptr (phi, i),
+			 rewrite_usage_of_param, NULL, &visited_nodes);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* Unset value expr for parameters for which we created debug bind
+     expressions.  */
+  unsigned i;
+  tree arg;
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (clear_value_expr_list, i, arg)
+    {
+      DECL_HAS_VALUE_EXPR_P (arg) = 0;
+      SET_DECL_VALUE_EXPR (arg, NULL_TREE);
+    }
+
+  /* Insert default assignments at the beginning of a function.  */
+  basic_block entry_bb = ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (fun);
+  entry_bb = split_edge (single_succ_edge (entry_bb));
+
+  gimple_stmt_iterator gsi = gsi_start_bb (entry_bb);
+  gsi_insert_seq_before (&gsi, stmts, GSI_NEW_STMT);
+}
+
+unsigned int
+pass_sanopt::execute (function *fun)
+{
+  basic_block bb;
+  int asan_num_accesses = 0;
+  bool contains_asan_mark = false;
+
+  /* Try to remove redundant checks.  */
+  if (optimize
+      && (flag_sanitize
+	  & (SANITIZE_NULL | SANITIZE_ALIGNMENT
+	     | SANITIZE_ADDRESS | SANITIZE_VPTR | SANITIZE_POINTER_OVERFLOW)))
+    asan_num_accesses = sanopt_optimize (fun, &contains_asan_mark);
+  else if (flag_sanitize & SANITIZE_ADDRESS)
+    {
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, fun)
+	for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi))
+	  {
+	    gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	    if (gimple_call_internal_p (stmt, IFN_ASAN_CHECK))
+	      ++asan_num_accesses;
+	    else if (gimple_call_internal_p (stmt, IFN_ASAN_MARK))
+	      contains_asan_mark = true;
+	  }
+    }
+
+  if (contains_asan_mark)
+    {
+      sanitize_asan_mark_unpoison ();
+      sanitize_asan_mark_poison ();
+    }
+
+  if (asan_sanitize_stack_p ())
+    sanitize_rewrite_addressable_params (fun);
+
+  bool use_calls = ASAN_INSTRUMENTATION_WITH_CALL_THRESHOLD < INT_MAX
+    && asan_num_accesses >= ASAN_INSTRUMENTATION_WITH_CALL_THRESHOLD;
+
+  hash_map<tree, tree> shadow_vars_mapping;
+  bool need_commit_edge_insert = false;
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, fun)
+    {
+      gimple_stmt_iterator gsi;
+      for (gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); )
+	{
+	  gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi);
+	  bool no_next = false;
+
+	  if (!is_gimple_call (stmt))
+	    {
+	      gsi_next (&gsi);
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	  if (gimple_call_internal_p (stmt))
+	    {
+	      enum internal_fn ifn = gimple_call_internal_fn (stmt);
+	      switch (ifn)
+		{
+		case IFN_UBSAN_NULL:
+		  no_next = ubsan_expand_null_ifn (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_UBSAN_BOUNDS:
+		  no_next = ubsan_expand_bounds_ifn (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_UBSAN_OBJECT_SIZE:
+		  no_next = ubsan_expand_objsize_ifn (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_UBSAN_PTR:
+		  no_next = ubsan_expand_ptr_ifn (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_UBSAN_VPTR:
+		  no_next = ubsan_expand_vptr_ifn (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_ASAN_CHECK:
+		  no_next = asan_expand_check_ifn (&gsi, use_calls);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_ASAN_MARK:
+		  no_next = asan_expand_mark_ifn (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		case IFN_ASAN_POISON:
+		  no_next = asan_expand_poison_ifn (&gsi,
+						    &need_commit_edge_insert,
+						    shadow_vars_mapping);
+		  break;
+		default:
+		  break;
+		}
+	    }
+	  else if (gimple_call_builtin_p (stmt, BUILT_IN_NORMAL))
+	    {
+	      tree callee = gimple_call_fndecl (stmt);
+	      switch (DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (callee))
+		{
+		case BUILT_IN_UNREACHABLE:
+		  if (sanitize_flags_p (SANITIZE_UNREACHABLE))
+		    no_next = ubsan_instrument_unreachable (&gsi);
+		  break;
+		default:
+		  break;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS))
+	    {
+	      fprintf (dump_file, "Expanded: ");
+	      print_gimple_stmt (dump_file, stmt, 0, dump_flags);
+	    }
+
+	  if (!no_next)
+	    gsi_next (&gsi);
+	}
+    }
+
+  if (need_commit_edge_insert)
+    gsi_commit_edge_inserts ();
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+} // anon namespace
+
+gimple_opt_pass *
+make_pass_sanopt (gcc::context *ctxt)
+{
+  return new pass_sanopt (ctxt);
+}