diff gcc/c-decl.c.orig @ 57:326d9e06c2e3

modify c-parser.c
author ryoma <e075725@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:54:17 +0900
parents
children
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--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/gcc/c-decl.c.orig	Mon Feb 15 00:54:17 2010 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,9671 @@
+/* Process declarations and variables for C compiler.
+   Copyright (C) 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000,
+   2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+   Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+This file is part of GCC.
+
+GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
+version.
+
+GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
+WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+/* Process declarations and symbol lookup for C front end.
+   Also constructs types; the standard scalar types at initialization,
+   and structure, union, array and enum types when they are declared.  */
+
+/* ??? not all decl nodes are given the most useful possible
+   line numbers.  For example, the CONST_DECLs for enum values.  */
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "input.h"
+#include "tm.h"
+#include "intl.h"
+#include "tree.h"
+#include "tree-inline.h"
+#include "rtl.h"
+#include "flags.h"
+#include "function.h"
+#include "output.h"
+#include "expr.h"
+#include "c-tree.h"
+#include "toplev.h"
+#include "ggc.h"
+#include "tm_p.h"
+#include "cpplib.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "opts.h"
+#include "timevar.h"
+#include "c-common.h"
+#include "c-pragma.h"
+#include "c-lang.h"
+#include "langhooks.h"
+#include "tree-mudflap.h"
+#include "gimple.h"
+#include "tree-iterator.h"
+#include "diagnostic.h"
+#include "tree-dump.h"
+#include "cgraph.h"
+#include "hashtab.h"
+#include "libfuncs.h"
+#include "except.h"
+#include "langhooks-def.h"
+#include "pointer-set.h"
+#include "gimple.h"
+#ifndef noCbC
+#include "cbc-tree.h"
+tree cbc_env;
+tree cbc_return_f;
+location_t cbc_return;
+#endif
+
+#include "plugin.h"
+
+/* In grokdeclarator, distinguish syntactic contexts of declarators.  */
+enum decl_context
+{ NORMAL,           /* Ordinary declaration */
+  FUNCDEF,          /* Function definition */
+  PARM,             /* Declaration of parm before function body */
+  FIELD,            /* Declaration inside struct or union */
+  TYPENAME};            /* Typename (inside cast or sizeof)  */
+
+/* States indicating how grokdeclarator() should handle declspecs marked
+   with __attribute__((deprecated)).  An object declared as
+   __attribute__((deprecated)) suppresses warnings of uses of other
+   deprecated items.  */
+
+enum deprecated_states {
+  DEPRECATED_NORMAL,
+  DEPRECATED_SUPPRESS
+};
+
+
+/* Nonzero if we have seen an invalid cross reference
+   to a struct, union, or enum, but not yet printed the message.  */
+tree pending_invalid_xref;
+
+/* File and line to appear in the eventual error message.  */
+location_t pending_invalid_xref_location;
+
+/* The file and line that the prototype came from if this is an
+   old-style definition; used for diagnostics in
+   store_parm_decls_oldstyle.  */
+
+static location_t current_function_prototype_locus;
+
+/* Whether this prototype was built-in.  */
+
+static bool current_function_prototype_built_in;
+
+/* The argument type information of this prototype.  */
+
+static tree current_function_prototype_arg_types;
+
+/* The argument information structure for the function currently being
+   defined.  */
+
+static struct c_arg_info *current_function_arg_info;
+
+/* The obstack on which parser and related data structures, which are
+   not live beyond their top-level declaration or definition, are
+   allocated.  */
+struct obstack parser_obstack;
+
+/* The current statement tree.  */
+
+static GTY(()) struct stmt_tree_s c_stmt_tree;
+
+/* State saving variables.  */
+tree c_break_label;
+tree c_cont_label;
+
+/* Linked list of TRANSLATION_UNIT_DECLS for the translation units
+   included in this invocation.  Note that the current translation
+   unit is not included in this list.  */
+
+static GTY(()) tree all_translation_units;
+
+/* A list of decls to be made automatically visible in each file scope.  */
+static GTY(()) tree visible_builtins;
+
+/* Set to 0 at beginning of a function definition, set to 1 if
+   a return statement that specifies a return value is seen.  */
+
+int current_function_returns_value;
+
+/* Set to 0 at beginning of a function definition, set to 1 if
+   a return statement with no argument is seen.  */
+
+int current_function_returns_null;
+
+/* Set to 0 at beginning of a function definition, set to 1 if
+   a call to a noreturn function is seen.  */
+
+int current_function_returns_abnormally;
+
+/* Set to nonzero by `grokdeclarator' for a function
+   whose return type is defaulted, if warnings for this are desired.  */
+
+static int warn_about_return_type;
+
+/* Nonzero when the current toplevel function contains a declaration
+   of a nested function which is never defined.  */
+
+static bool undef_nested_function;
+
+/* True means global_bindings_p should return false even if the scope stack
+   says we are in file scope.  */
+bool c_override_global_bindings_to_false;
+
+
+/* Each c_binding structure describes one binding of an identifier to
+   a decl.  All the decls in a scope - irrespective of namespace - are
+   chained together by the ->prev field, which (as the name implies)
+   runs in reverse order.  All the decls in a given namespace bound to
+   a given identifier are chained by the ->shadowed field, which runs
+   from inner to outer scopes.
+
+   The ->decl field usually points to a DECL node, but there are two
+   exceptions.  In the namespace of type tags, the bound entity is a
+   RECORD_TYPE, UNION_TYPE, or ENUMERAL_TYPE node.  If an undeclared
+   identifier is encountered, it is bound to error_mark_node to
+   suppress further errors about that identifier in the current
+   function.
+
+   The ->u.type field stores the type of the declaration in this scope;
+   if NULL, the type is the type of the ->decl field.  This is only of
+   relevance for objects with external or internal linkage which may
+   be redeclared in inner scopes, forming composite types that only
+   persist for the duration of those scopes.  In the external scope,
+   this stores the composite of all the types declared for this
+   object, visible or not.  The ->inner_comp field (used only at file
+   scope) stores whether an incomplete array type at file scope was
+   completed at an inner scope to an array size other than 1.
+
+   The ->u.label field is used for labels.  It points to a structure
+   which stores additional information used for warnings.
+
+   The depth field is copied from the scope structure that holds this
+   decl.  It is used to preserve the proper ordering of the ->shadowed
+   field (see bind()) and also for a handful of special-case checks.
+   Finally, the invisible bit is true for a decl which should be
+   ignored for purposes of normal name lookup, and the nested bit is
+   true for a decl that's been bound a second time in an inner scope;
+   in all such cases, the binding in the outer scope will have its
+   invisible bit true.  */
+
+struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.prev"))) c_binding {
+  union GTY(()) {       /* first so GTY desc can use decl */
+    tree GTY((tag ("0"))) type; /* the type in this scope */
+    struct c_label_vars * GTY((tag ("1"))) label; /* for warnings */
+  } GTY((desc ("TREE_CODE (%0.decl) == LABEL_DECL"))) u;
+  tree decl;            /* the decl bound */
+  tree id;          /* the identifier it's bound to */
+  struct c_binding *prev;   /* the previous decl in this scope */
+  struct c_binding *shadowed;   /* the innermost decl shadowed by this one */
+  unsigned int depth : 28;      /* depth of this scope */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD invisible : 1;  /* normal lookup should ignore this binding */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD nested : 1;     /* do not set DECL_CONTEXT when popping */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD inner_comp : 1; /* incomplete array completed in inner scope */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD in_struct : 1;  /* currently defined as struct field */
+  location_t locus;     /* location for nested bindings */
+};
+#define B_IN_SCOPE(b1, b2) ((b1)->depth == (b2)->depth)
+#define B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE(b) ((b)->depth == current_scope->depth)
+#define B_IN_FILE_SCOPE(b) ((b)->depth == 1 /*file_scope->depth*/)
+#define B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE(b) ((b)->depth == 0 /*external_scope->depth*/)
+
+#define I_SYMBOL_BINDING(node) \
+  (((struct lang_identifier *) IDENTIFIER_NODE_CHECK(node))->symbol_binding)
+#define I_SYMBOL_DECL(node) \
+ (I_SYMBOL_BINDING(node) ? I_SYMBOL_BINDING(node)->decl : 0)
+
+#define I_TAG_BINDING(node) \
+  (((struct lang_identifier *) IDENTIFIER_NODE_CHECK(node))->tag_binding)
+#define I_TAG_DECL(node) \
+ (I_TAG_BINDING(node) ? I_TAG_BINDING(node)->decl : 0)
+
+#define I_LABEL_BINDING(node) \
+  (((struct lang_identifier *) IDENTIFIER_NODE_CHECK(node))->label_binding)
+#define I_LABEL_DECL(node) \
+ (I_LABEL_BINDING(node) ? I_LABEL_BINDING(node)->decl : 0)
+
+/* Each C symbol points to three linked lists of c_binding structures.
+   These describe the values of the identifier in the three different
+   namespaces defined by the language.  */
+
+struct GTY(()) lang_identifier {
+  struct c_common_identifier common_id;
+  struct c_binding *symbol_binding; /* vars, funcs, constants, typedefs */
+  struct c_binding *tag_binding;    /* struct/union/enum tags */
+  struct c_binding *label_binding;  /* labels */
+};
+
+/* Validate c-lang.c's assumptions.  */
+extern char C_SIZEOF_STRUCT_LANG_IDENTIFIER_isnt_accurate
+[(sizeof(struct lang_identifier) == C_SIZEOF_STRUCT_LANG_IDENTIFIER) ? 1 : -1];
+
+/* The resulting tree type.  */
+
+union GTY((desc ("TREE_CODE (&%h.generic) == IDENTIFIER_NODE"),
+       chain_next ("TREE_CODE (&%h.generic) == INTEGER_TYPE ? (union lang_tree_node *) TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (&%h.generic) : ((union lang_tree_node *) TREE_CHAIN (&%h.generic))")))  lang_tree_node
+ {
+  union tree_node GTY ((tag ("0"),
+            desc ("tree_node_structure (&%h)")))
+    generic;
+  struct lang_identifier GTY ((tag ("1"))) identifier;
+};
+
+/* Track bindings and other things that matter for goto warnings.  For
+   efficiency, we do not gather all the decls at the point of
+   definition.  Instead, we point into the bindings structure.  As
+   scopes are popped, we update these structures and gather the decls
+   that matter at that time.  */
+
+struct GTY(()) c_spot_bindings {
+  /* The currently open scope which holds bindings defined when the
+     label was defined or the goto statement was found.  */
+  struct c_scope *scope;
+  /* The bindings in the scope field which were defined at the point
+     of the label or goto.  This lets us look at older or newer
+     bindings in the scope, as appropriate.  */
+  struct c_binding *bindings_in_scope;
+  /* The number of statement expressions that have started since this
+     label or goto statement was defined.  This is zero if we are at
+     the same statement expression level.  It is positive if we are in
+     a statement expression started since this spot.  It is negative
+     if this spot was in a statement expression and we have left
+     it.  */
+  int stmt_exprs;
+  /* Whether we started in a statement expression but are no longer in
+     it.  This is set to true if stmt_exprs ever goes negative.  */
+  bool left_stmt_expr;
+};
+
+/* This structure is used to keep track of bindings seen when a goto
+   statement is defined.  This is only used if we see the goto
+   statement before we see the label.  */
+
+struct GTY(()) c_goto_bindings {
+  /* The location of the goto statement.  */
+  location_t loc;
+  /* The bindings of the goto statement.  */
+  struct c_spot_bindings goto_bindings;
+};
+
+typedef struct c_goto_bindings *c_goto_bindings_p;
+DEF_VEC_P(c_goto_bindings_p);
+DEF_VEC_ALLOC_P(c_goto_bindings_p,gc);
+
+/* The additional information we keep track of for a label binding.
+   These fields are updated as scopes are popped.  */
+
+struct GTY(()) c_label_vars {
+  /* The shadowed c_label_vars, when one label shadows another (which
+     can only happen using a __label__ declaration).  */
+  struct c_label_vars *shadowed;
+  /* The bindings when the label was defined.  */
+  struct c_spot_bindings label_bindings;
+  /* A list of decls that we care about: decls about which we should
+     warn if a goto branches to this label from later in the function.
+     Decls are added to this list as scopes are popped.  We only add
+     the decls that matter.  */
+  VEC(tree,gc) *decls_in_scope;
+  /* A list of goto statements to this label.  This is only used for
+     goto statements seen before the label was defined, so that we can
+     issue appropriate warnings for them.  */
+  VEC(c_goto_bindings_p,gc) *gotos;
+};
+
+/* Each c_scope structure describes the complete contents of one
+   scope.  Four scopes are distinguished specially: the innermost or
+   current scope, the innermost function scope, the file scope (always
+   the second to outermost) and the outermost or external scope.
+
+   Most declarations are recorded in the current scope.
+
+   All normal label declarations are recorded in the innermost
+   function scope, as are bindings of undeclared identifiers to
+   error_mark_node.  (GCC permits nested functions as an extension,
+   hence the 'innermost' qualifier.)  Explicitly declared labels
+   (using the __label__ extension) appear in the current scope.
+
+   Being in the file scope (current_scope == file_scope) causes
+   special behavior in several places below.  Also, under some
+   conditions the Objective-C front end records declarations in the
+   file scope even though that isn't the current scope.
+
+   All declarations with external linkage are recorded in the external
+   scope, even if they aren't visible there; this models the fact that
+   such declarations are visible to the entire program, and (with a
+   bit of cleverness, see pushdecl) allows diagnosis of some violations
+   of C99 6.2.2p7 and 6.2.7p2:
+
+     If, within the same translation unit, the same identifier appears
+     with both internal and external linkage, the behavior is
+     undefined.
+
+     All declarations that refer to the same object or function shall
+     have compatible type; otherwise, the behavior is undefined.
+
+   Initially only the built-in declarations, which describe compiler
+   intrinsic functions plus a subset of the standard library, are in
+   this scope.
+
+   The order of the blocks list matters, and it is frequently appended
+   to.  To avoid having to walk all the way to the end of the list on
+   each insertion, or reverse the list later, we maintain a pointer to
+   the last list entry.  (FIXME: It should be feasible to use a reversed
+   list here.)
+
+   The bindings list is strictly in reverse order of declarations;
+   pop_scope relies on this.  */
+
+
+struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.outer"))) c_scope {
+  /* The scope containing this one.  */
+  struct c_scope *outer;
+
+  /* The next outermost function scope.  */
+  struct c_scope *outer_function;
+
+  /* All bindings in this scope.  */
+  struct c_binding *bindings;
+
+  /* For each scope (except the global one), a chain of BLOCK nodes
+     for all the scopes that were entered and exited one level down.  */
+  tree blocks;
+  tree blocks_last;
+
+  /* The depth of this scope.  Used to keep the ->shadowed chain of
+     bindings sorted innermost to outermost.  */
+  unsigned int depth : 28;
+
+  /* True if we are currently filling this scope with parameter
+     declarations.  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD parm_flag : 1;
+
+  /* True if we saw [*] in this scope.  Used to give an error messages
+     if these appears in a function definition.  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD had_vla_unspec : 1;
+
+  /* True if we already complained about forward parameter decls
+     in this scope.  This prevents double warnings on
+     foo (int a; int b; ...)  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD warned_forward_parm_decls : 1;
+
+  /* True if this is the outermost block scope of a function body.
+     This scope contains the parameters, the local variables declared
+     in the outermost block, and all the labels (except those in
+     nested functions, or declared at block scope with __label__).  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD function_body : 1;
+
+  /* True means make a BLOCK for this scope no matter what.  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD keep : 1;
+
+  /* True means that an unsuffixed float constant is _Decimal64.  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD float_const_decimal64 : 1;
+
+  /* True if this scope has any label bindings.  This is used to speed
+     up searching for labels when popping scopes, particularly since
+     labels are normally only found at function scope.  */
+  BOOL_BITFIELD has_label_bindings : 1;
+};
+
+/* The scope currently in effect.  */
+
+static GTY(()) struct c_scope *current_scope;
+
+/* The innermost function scope.  Ordinary (not explicitly declared)
+   labels, bindings to error_mark_node, and the lazily-created
+   bindings of __func__ and its friends get this scope.  */
+
+static GTY(()) struct c_scope *current_function_scope;
+
+/* The C file scope.  This is reset for each input translation unit.  */
+
+static GTY(()) struct c_scope *file_scope;
+
+/* The outermost scope.  This is used for all declarations with
+   external linkage, and only these, hence the name.  */
+
+static GTY(()) struct c_scope *external_scope;
+
+/* A chain of c_scope structures awaiting reuse.  */
+
+static GTY((deletable)) struct c_scope *scope_freelist;
+
+/* A chain of c_binding structures awaiting reuse.  */
+
+static GTY((deletable)) struct c_binding *binding_freelist;
+
+/* Append VAR to LIST in scope SCOPE.  */
+#define SCOPE_LIST_APPEND(scope, list, decl) do {   \
+  struct c_scope *s_ = (scope);             \
+  tree d_ = (decl);                 \
+  if (s_->list##_last)                  \
+    BLOCK_CHAIN (s_->list##_last) = d_;         \
+  else                          \
+    s_->list = d_;                  \
+  s_->list##_last = d_;                 \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Concatenate FROM in scope FSCOPE onto TO in scope TSCOPE.  */
+#define SCOPE_LIST_CONCAT(tscope, to, fscope, from) do {    \
+  struct c_scope *t_ = (tscope);                \
+  struct c_scope *f_ = (fscope);                \
+  if (t_->to##_last)                        \
+    BLOCK_CHAIN (t_->to##_last) = f_->from;         \
+  else                              \
+    t_->to = f_->from;                      \
+  t_->to##_last = f_->from##_last;              \
+} while (0)
+
+/* A c_inline_static structure stores details of a static identifier
+   referenced in a definition of a function that may be an inline
+   definition if no subsequent declaration of that function uses
+   "extern" or does not use "inline".  */
+
+struct GTY((chain_next ("%h.next"))) c_inline_static {
+  /* The location for a diagnostic.  */
+  location_t location;
+
+  /* The function that may be an inline definition.  */
+  tree function;
+
+  /* The object or function referenced.  */
+  tree static_decl;
+
+  /* What sort of reference this is.  */
+  enum c_inline_static_type type;
+
+  /* The next such structure or NULL.  */
+  struct c_inline_static *next;
+};
+
+/* List of static identifiers used or referenced in functions that may
+   be inline definitions.  */
+static GTY(()) struct c_inline_static *c_inline_statics;
+
+/* True means unconditionally make a BLOCK for the next scope pushed.  */
+
+static bool keep_next_level_flag;
+
+/* True means the next call to push_scope will be the outermost scope
+   of a function body, so do not push a new scope, merely cease
+   expecting parameter decls.  */
+
+static bool next_is_function_body;
+
+/* A VEC of pointers to c_binding structures.  */
+
+typedef struct c_binding *c_binding_ptr;
+DEF_VEC_P(c_binding_ptr);
+DEF_VEC_ALLOC_P(c_binding_ptr,heap);
+
+/* Information that we keep for a struct or union while it is being
+   parsed.  */
+
+struct c_struct_parse_info
+{
+  /* If warn_cxx_compat, a list of types defined within this
+     struct.  */
+  VEC(tree,heap) *struct_types;
+  /* If warn_cxx_compat, a list of field names which have bindings,
+     and which are defined in this struct, but which are not defined
+     in any enclosing struct.  This is used to clear the in_struct
+     field of the c_bindings structure.  */
+  VEC(c_binding_ptr,heap) *fields;
+  /* If warn_cxx_compat, a list of typedef names used when defining
+     fields in this struct.  */
+  VEC(tree,heap) *typedefs_seen;
+};
+
+/* Information for the struct or union currently being parsed, or
+   NULL if not parsing a struct or union.  */
+static struct c_struct_parse_info *struct_parse_info;
+
+/* Forward declarations.  */
+static tree lookup_name_in_scope (tree, struct c_scope *);
+static tree c_make_fname_decl (location_t, tree, int);
+static tree grokdeclarator (const struct c_declarator *,
+                struct c_declspecs *,
+                enum decl_context, bool, tree *, tree *, tree *,
+                bool *, enum deprecated_states);
+static tree grokparms (struct c_arg_info *, bool);
+static void layout_array_type (tree);
+
+/* T is a statement.  Add it to the statement-tree.  This is the
+   C/ObjC version--C++ has a slightly different version of this
+   function.  */
+
+tree
+add_stmt (tree t)
+{
+  enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (t);
+
+  if (CAN_HAVE_LOCATION_P (t) && code != LABEL_EXPR)
+    {
+      if (!EXPR_HAS_LOCATION (t))
+    SET_EXPR_LOCATION (t, input_location);
+    }
+
+  if (code == LABEL_EXPR || code == CASE_LABEL_EXPR)
+    STATEMENT_LIST_HAS_LABEL (cur_stmt_list) = 1;
+
+  /* Add T to the statement-tree.  Non-side-effect statements need to be
+     recorded during statement expressions.  */
+  append_to_statement_list_force (t, &cur_stmt_list);
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+
+void
+c_print_identifier (FILE *file, tree node, int indent)
+{
+  print_node (file, "symbol", I_SYMBOL_DECL (node), indent + 4);
+  print_node (file, "tag", I_TAG_DECL (node), indent + 4);
+  print_node (file, "label", I_LABEL_DECL (node), indent + 4);
+  if (C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (node) && C_RID_CODE (node) != RID_CXX_COMPAT_WARN)
+    {
+      tree rid = ridpointers[C_RID_CODE (node)];
+      indent_to (file, indent + 4);
+      fprintf (file, "rid " HOST_PTR_PRINTF " \"%s\"",
+           (void *) rid, IDENTIFIER_POINTER (rid));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Establish a binding between NAME, an IDENTIFIER_NODE, and DECL,
+   which may be any of several kinds of DECL or TYPE or error_mark_node,
+   in the scope SCOPE.  */
+static void
+bind (tree name, tree decl, struct c_scope *scope, bool invisible,
+      bool nested, location_t locus)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b, **here;
+
+  if (binding_freelist)
+    {
+      b = binding_freelist;
+      binding_freelist = b->prev;
+    }
+  else
+    b = GGC_NEW (struct c_binding);
+
+  b->shadowed = 0;
+  b->decl = decl;
+  b->id = name;
+  b->depth = scope->depth;
+  b->invisible = invisible;
+  b->nested = nested;
+  b->inner_comp = 0;
+  b->in_struct = 0;
+  b->locus = locus;
+
+  b->u.type = NULL;
+
+  b->prev = scope->bindings;
+  scope->bindings = b;
+
+  if (!name)
+    return;
+
+  switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
+    {
+    case LABEL_DECL:     here = &I_LABEL_BINDING (name);   break;
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+    case RECORD_TYPE:    here = &I_TAG_BINDING (name);     break;
+    case VAR_DECL:
+    case FUNCTION_DECL:
+    case TYPE_DECL:
+    case CONST_DECL:
+    case PARM_DECL:
+    case ERROR_MARK:     here = &I_SYMBOL_BINDING (name);  break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  /* Locate the appropriate place in the chain of shadowed decls
+     to insert this binding.  Normally, scope == current_scope and
+     this does nothing.  */
+  while (*here && (*here)->depth > scope->depth)
+    here = &(*here)->shadowed;
+
+  b->shadowed = *here;
+  *here = b;
+}
+
+/* Clear the binding structure B, stick it on the binding_freelist,
+   and return the former value of b->prev.  This is used by pop_scope
+   and get_parm_info to iterate destructively over all the bindings
+   from a given scope.  */
+static struct c_binding *
+free_binding_and_advance (struct c_binding *b)
+{
+  struct c_binding *prev = b->prev;
+
+  memset (b, 0, sizeof (struct c_binding));
+  b->prev = binding_freelist;
+  binding_freelist = b;
+
+  return prev;
+}
+
+/* Bind a label.  Like bind, but skip fields which aren't used for
+   labels, and add the LABEL_VARS value.  */
+static void
+bind_label (tree name, tree label, struct c_scope *scope,
+        struct c_label_vars *label_vars)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  bind (name, label, scope, /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false,
+    UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+
+  scope->has_label_bindings = true;
+
+  b = scope->bindings;
+  gcc_assert (b->decl == label);
+  label_vars->shadowed = b->u.label;
+  b->u.label = label_vars;
+}
+
+/* Hook called at end of compilation to assume 1 elt
+   for a file-scope tentative array defn that wasn't complete before.  */
+
+void
+c_finish_incomplete_decl (tree decl)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
+    {
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+      if (type != error_mark_node
+      && TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl)
+      && TYPE_DOMAIN (type) == 0)
+    {
+      warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+              0, "array %q+D assumed to have one element", decl);
+
+      complete_array_type (&TREE_TYPE (decl), NULL_TREE, true);
+
+      layout_decl (decl, 0);
+    }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Record that inline function FUNC contains a reference (location
+   LOC) to static DECL (file-scope or function-local according to
+   TYPE).  */
+
+void
+record_inline_static (location_t loc, tree func, tree decl,
+              enum c_inline_static_type type)
+{
+  struct c_inline_static *csi = GGC_NEW (struct c_inline_static);
+  csi->location = loc;
+  csi->function = func;
+  csi->static_decl = decl;
+  csi->type = type;
+  csi->next = c_inline_statics;
+  c_inline_statics = csi;
+}
+
+/* Check for references to static declarations in inline functions at
+   the end of the translation unit and diagnose them if the functions
+   are still inline definitions.  */
+
+static void
+check_inline_statics (void)
+{
+  struct c_inline_static *csi;
+  for (csi = c_inline_statics; csi; csi = csi->next)
+    {
+      if (DECL_EXTERNAL (csi->function))
+    switch (csi->type)
+      {
+      case csi_internal:
+        pedwarn (csi->location, 0,
+             "%qD is static but used in inline function %qD "
+             "which is not static", csi->static_decl, csi->function);
+        break;
+      case csi_modifiable:
+        pedwarn (csi->location, 0,
+             "%q+D is static but declared in inline function %qD "
+             "which is not static", csi->static_decl, csi->function);
+        break;
+      default:
+        gcc_unreachable ();
+      }
+    }
+  c_inline_statics = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Fill in a c_spot_bindings structure.  If DEFINING is true, set it
+   for the current state, otherwise set it to uninitialized.  */
+
+static void
+set_spot_bindings (struct c_spot_bindings *p, bool defining)
+{
+  if (defining)
+    {
+      p->scope = current_scope;
+      p->bindings_in_scope = current_scope->bindings;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      p->scope = NULL;
+      p->bindings_in_scope = NULL;
+    }
+  p->stmt_exprs = 0;
+  p->left_stmt_expr = false;
+}
+
+/* Return true if we will want to say something if a goto statement
+   crosses DECL.  */
+
+static bool
+decl_jump_unsafe (tree decl)
+{
+  if (decl == error_mark_node || TREE_TYPE (decl) == error_mark_node)
+    return false;
+
+  /* Always warn about crossing variably modified types.  */
+  if ((TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
+      && variably_modified_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl), NULL_TREE))
+    return true;
+
+  /* Otherwise, only warn if -Wgoto-misses-init and this is an
+     initialized automatic decl.  */
+  if (warn_jump_misses_init
+      && TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && !TREE_STATIC (decl)
+      && DECL_INITIAL (decl) != NULL_TREE)
+    return true;
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Update spot bindings P as we pop out of SCOPE.  Return true if we
+   should push decls for a label.  */
+
+static bool
+update_spot_bindings (struct c_scope *scope, struct c_spot_bindings *p)
+{
+  if (p->scope != scope)
+    {
+      /* This label or goto is defined in some other scope, or it is a
+     label which is not yet defined.  There is nothing to
+     update.  */
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  /* Adjust the spot bindings to refer to the bindings already defined
+     in the enclosing scope.  */
+  p->scope = scope->outer;
+  p->bindings_in_scope = p->scope->bindings;
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* The Objective-C front-end often needs to determine the current scope.  */
+
+void *
+objc_get_current_scope (void)
+{
+  return current_scope;
+}
+
+/* The following function is used only by Objective-C.  It needs to live here
+   because it accesses the innards of c_scope.  */
+
+void
+objc_mark_locals_volatile (void *enclosing_blk)
+{
+  struct c_scope *scope;
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  for (scope = current_scope;
+       scope && scope != enclosing_blk;
+       scope = scope->outer)
+    {
+      for (b = scope->bindings; b; b = b->prev)
+    objc_volatilize_decl (b->decl);
+
+      /* Do not climb up past the current function.  */
+      if (scope->function_body)
+    break;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Nonzero if we are currently in file scope.  */
+
+int
+global_bindings_p (void)
+{
+  return (current_scope == file_scope && !c_override_global_bindings_to_false
+      ? -1
+      : 0);
+}
+
+void
+keep_next_level (void)
+{
+  keep_next_level_flag = true;
+}
+
+/* Set the flag for the FLOAT_CONST_DECIMAL64 pragma being ON.  */
+
+void
+set_float_const_decimal64 (void)
+{
+  current_scope->float_const_decimal64 = true;
+}
+
+/* Clear the flag for the FLOAT_CONST_DECIMAL64 pragma.  */
+
+void
+clear_float_const_decimal64 (void)
+{
+  current_scope->float_const_decimal64 = false;
+}
+
+/* Return nonzero if an unsuffixed float constant is _Decimal64.  */
+
+bool
+float_const_decimal64_p (void)
+{
+  return current_scope->float_const_decimal64;
+}
+
+/* Identify this scope as currently being filled with parameters.  */
+
+void
+declare_parm_level (void)
+{
+  current_scope->parm_flag = true;
+}
+
+void
+push_scope (void)
+{
+  if (next_is_function_body)
+    {
+      /* This is the transition from the parameters to the top level
+     of the function body.  These are the same scope
+     (C99 6.2.1p4,6) so we do not push another scope structure.
+     next_is_function_body is set only by store_parm_decls, which
+     in turn is called when and only when we are about to
+     encounter the opening curly brace for the function body.
+
+     The outermost block of a function always gets a BLOCK node,
+     because the debugging output routines expect that each
+     function has at least one BLOCK.  */
+      current_scope->parm_flag         = false;
+      current_scope->function_body     = true;
+      current_scope->keep              = true;
+      current_scope->outer_function    = current_function_scope;
+      current_function_scope           = current_scope;
+
+      keep_next_level_flag = false;
+      next_is_function_body = false;
+
+      /* The FLOAT_CONST_DECIMAL64 pragma applies to nested scopes.  */
+      if (current_scope->outer)
+    current_scope->float_const_decimal64
+      = current_scope->outer->float_const_decimal64;
+      else
+    current_scope->float_const_decimal64 = false;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      struct c_scope *scope;
+      if (scope_freelist)
+    {
+      scope = scope_freelist;
+      scope_freelist = scope->outer;
+    }
+      else
+    scope = GGC_CNEW (struct c_scope);
+
+      /* The FLOAT_CONST_DECIMAL64 pragma applies to nested scopes.  */
+      if (current_scope)
+    scope->float_const_decimal64 = current_scope->float_const_decimal64;
+      else
+    scope->float_const_decimal64 = false;
+
+      scope->keep          = keep_next_level_flag;
+      scope->outer         = current_scope;
+      scope->depth     = current_scope ? (current_scope->depth + 1) : 0;
+
+      /* Check for scope depth overflow.  Unlikely (2^28 == 268,435,456) but
+     possible.  */
+      if (current_scope && scope->depth == 0)
+    {
+      scope->depth--;
+      sorry ("GCC supports only %u nested scopes", scope->depth);
+    }
+
+      current_scope        = scope;
+      keep_next_level_flag = false;
+    }
+}
+
+/* This is called when we are leaving SCOPE.  For each label defined
+   in SCOPE, add any appropriate decls to its decls_in_scope fields.
+   These are the decls whose initialization will be skipped by a goto
+   later in the function.  */
+
+static void
+update_label_decls (struct c_scope *scope)
+{
+  struct c_scope *s;
+
+  s = scope;
+  while (s != NULL)
+    {
+      if (s->has_label_bindings)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b;
+
+      for (b = s->bindings; b != NULL; b = b->prev)
+        {
+          struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+          struct c_binding *b1;
+          unsigned int ix;
+          struct c_goto_bindings *g;
+
+          if (TREE_CODE (b->decl) != LABEL_DECL)
+        continue;
+          label_vars = b->u.label;
+
+          b1 = label_vars->label_bindings.bindings_in_scope;
+          if (update_spot_bindings (scope, &label_vars->label_bindings))
+        {
+          /* This label is defined in this scope.  */
+          for (; b1 != NULL;  b1 = b1->prev)
+            {
+              /* A goto from later in the function to this
+             label will never see the initialization of
+             B1, if any.  Save it to issue a warning if
+             needed.  */
+              if (decl_jump_unsafe (b1->decl))
+            VEC_safe_push (tree, gc, label_vars->decls_in_scope,
+                       b1->decl);
+            }
+        }
+
+          /* Update the bindings of any goto statements associated
+         with this label.  */
+          for (ix = 0;
+           VEC_iterate (c_goto_bindings_p, label_vars->gotos, ix, g);
+           ++ix)
+        update_spot_bindings (scope, &g->goto_bindings);
+        }
+    }
+
+      /* Don't search beyond the current function.  */
+      if (s == current_function_scope)
+    break;
+
+      s = s->outer;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Set the TYPE_CONTEXT of all of TYPE's variants to CONTEXT.  */
+
+static void
+set_type_context (tree type, tree context)
+{
+  for (type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type); type;
+       type = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (type))
+    TYPE_CONTEXT (type) = context;
+}
+
+/* Exit a scope.  Restore the state of the identifier-decl mappings
+   that were in effect when this scope was entered.  Return a BLOCK
+   node containing all the DECLs in this scope that are of interest
+   to debug info generation.  */
+
+tree
+pop_scope (void)
+{
+  struct c_scope *scope = current_scope;
+  tree block, context, p;
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  bool functionbody = scope->function_body;
+  bool keep = functionbody || scope->keep || scope->bindings;
+
+  update_label_decls (scope);
+
+  /* If appropriate, create a BLOCK to record the decls for the life
+     of this function.  */
+  block = 0;
+  if (keep)
+    {
+      block = make_node (BLOCK);
+      BLOCK_SUBBLOCKS (block) = scope->blocks;
+      TREE_USED (block) = 1;
+
+      /* In each subblock, record that this is its superior.  */
+      for (p = scope->blocks; p; p = BLOCK_CHAIN (p))
+    BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (p) = block;
+
+      BLOCK_VARS (block) = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* The TYPE_CONTEXTs for all of the tagged types belonging to this
+     scope must be set so that they point to the appropriate
+     construct, i.e.  either to the current FUNCTION_DECL node, or
+     else to the BLOCK node we just constructed.
+
+     Note that for tagged types whose scope is just the formal
+     parameter list for some function type specification, we can't
+     properly set their TYPE_CONTEXTs here, because we don't have a
+     pointer to the appropriate FUNCTION_TYPE node readily available
+     to us.  For those cases, the TYPE_CONTEXTs of the relevant tagged
+     type nodes get set in `grokdeclarator' as soon as we have created
+     the FUNCTION_TYPE node which will represent the "scope" for these
+     "parameter list local" tagged types.  */
+  if (scope->function_body)
+    context = current_function_decl;
+  else if (scope == file_scope)
+    {
+      tree file_decl = build_decl (UNKNOWN_LOCATION,
+                   TRANSLATION_UNIT_DECL, 0, 0);
+      TREE_CHAIN (file_decl) = all_translation_units;
+      all_translation_units = file_decl;
+      context = file_decl;
+    }
+  else
+    context = block;
+
+  /* Clear all bindings in this scope.  */
+  for (b = scope->bindings; b; b = free_binding_and_advance (b))
+    {
+      p = b->decl;
+      switch (TREE_CODE (p))
+    {
+    case LABEL_DECL:
+      /* Warnings for unused labels, errors for undefined labels.  */
+      if (TREE_USED (p) && !DECL_INITIAL (p))
+        {
+          error ("label %q+D used but not defined", p);
+          DECL_INITIAL (p) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+      else
+        warn_for_unused_label (p);
+
+      /* Labels go in BLOCK_VARS.  */
+      TREE_CHAIN (p) = BLOCK_VARS (block);
+      BLOCK_VARS (block) = p;
+      gcc_assert (I_LABEL_BINDING (b->id) == b);
+      I_LABEL_BINDING (b->id) = b->shadowed;
+
+      /* Also pop back to the shadowed label_vars.  */
+      release_tree_vector (b->u.label->decls_in_scope);
+      b->u.label = b->u.label->shadowed;
+      break;
+
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      set_type_context (p, context);
+
+      /* Types may not have tag-names, in which case the type
+         appears in the bindings list with b->id NULL.  */
+      if (b->id)
+        {
+          gcc_assert (I_TAG_BINDING (b->id) == b);
+          I_TAG_BINDING (b->id) = b->shadowed;
+        }
+      break;
+
+    case FUNCTION_DECL:
+      /* Propagate TREE_ADDRESSABLE from nested functions to their
+         containing functions.  */
+      if (!TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (p)
+          && DECL_INITIAL (p) != 0
+          && TREE_ADDRESSABLE (p)
+          && DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (p) != 0
+          && DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (p) != p)
+        TREE_ADDRESSABLE (DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (p)) = 1;
+      if (!DECL_EXTERNAL (p)
+          && !DECL_INITIAL (p)
+          && scope != file_scope
+          && scope != external_scope)
+        {
+          error ("nested function %q+D declared but never defined", p);
+          undef_nested_function = true;
+        }
+      else if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (p)
+           && TREE_PUBLIC (p)
+           && !DECL_INITIAL (p))
+        {
+          /* C99 6.7.4p6: "a function with external linkage... declared
+         with an inline function specifier ... shall also be defined
+         in the same translation unit."  */
+          if (!flag_gnu89_inline)
+        pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+             "inline function %q+D declared but never defined", p);
+          DECL_EXTERNAL (p) = 1;
+        }
+
+      goto common_symbol;
+
+    case VAR_DECL:
+      /* Warnings for unused variables.  */
+      if (!TREE_USED (p)
+          && !TREE_NO_WARNING (p)
+          && !DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (p)
+          && DECL_NAME (p)
+          && !DECL_ARTIFICIAL (p)
+          && scope != file_scope
+          && scope != external_scope)
+        warning (OPT_Wunused_variable, "unused variable %q+D", p);
+
+      if (b->inner_comp)
+        {
+          error ("type of array %q+D completed incompatibly with"
+             " implicit initialization", p);
+        }
+
+      /* Fall through.  */
+    case TYPE_DECL:
+    case CONST_DECL:
+    common_symbol:
+      /* All of these go in BLOCK_VARS, but only if this is the
+         binding in the home scope.  */
+      if (!b->nested)
+        {
+          TREE_CHAIN (p) = BLOCK_VARS (block);
+          BLOCK_VARS (block) = p;
+        }
+      else if (VAR_OR_FUNCTION_DECL_P (p))
+        {
+          /* For block local externs add a special
+         DECL_EXTERNAL decl for debug info generation.  */
+          tree extp = copy_node (p);
+
+          DECL_EXTERNAL (extp) = 1;
+          TREE_STATIC (extp) = 0;
+          TREE_PUBLIC (extp) = 1;
+          DECL_INITIAL (extp) = NULL_TREE;
+          DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (extp) = NULL;
+          DECL_CONTEXT (extp) = current_function_decl;
+          if (TREE_CODE (p) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+        {
+          DECL_RESULT (extp) = NULL_TREE;
+          DECL_SAVED_TREE (extp) = NULL_TREE;
+          DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (extp) = NULL;
+        }
+          if (b->locus != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+        DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (extp) = b->locus;
+          TREE_CHAIN (extp) = BLOCK_VARS (block);
+          BLOCK_VARS (block) = extp;
+        }
+      /* If this is the file scope, and we are processing more
+         than one translation unit in this compilation, set
+         DECL_CONTEXT of each decl to the TRANSLATION_UNIT_DECL.
+         This makes same_translation_unit_p work, and causes
+         static declarations to be given disambiguating suffixes.  */
+      if (scope == file_scope && num_in_fnames > 1)
+        {
+          DECL_CONTEXT (p) = context;
+          if (TREE_CODE (p) == TYPE_DECL)
+        set_type_context (TREE_TYPE (p), context);
+        }
+
+      /* Fall through.  */
+      /* Parameters go in DECL_ARGUMENTS, not BLOCK_VARS, and have
+         already been put there by store_parm_decls.  Unused-
+         parameter warnings are handled by function.c.
+         error_mark_node obviously does not go in BLOCK_VARS and
+         does not get unused-variable warnings.  */
+    case PARM_DECL:
+    case ERROR_MARK:
+      /* It is possible for a decl not to have a name.  We get
+         here with b->id NULL in this case.  */
+      if (b->id)
+        {
+          gcc_assert (I_SYMBOL_BINDING (b->id) == b);
+          I_SYMBOL_BINDING (b->id) = b->shadowed;
+          if (b->shadowed && b->shadowed->u.type)
+        TREE_TYPE (b->shadowed->decl) = b->shadowed->u.type;
+        }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+    }
+
+
+  /* Dispose of the block that we just made inside some higher level.  */
+  if ((scope->function_body || scope == file_scope) && context)
+    {
+      DECL_INITIAL (context) = block;
+      BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (block) = context;
+    }
+  else if (scope->outer)
+    {
+      if (block)
+    SCOPE_LIST_APPEND (scope->outer, blocks, block);
+      /* If we did not make a block for the scope just exited, any
+     blocks made for inner scopes must be carried forward so they
+     will later become subblocks of something else.  */
+      else if (scope->blocks)
+    SCOPE_LIST_CONCAT (scope->outer, blocks, scope, blocks);
+    }
+
+  /* Pop the current scope, and free the structure for reuse.  */
+  current_scope = scope->outer;
+  if (scope->function_body)
+    current_function_scope = scope->outer_function;
+
+  memset (scope, 0, sizeof (struct c_scope));
+  scope->outer = scope_freelist;
+  scope_freelist = scope;
+
+  return block;
+}
+
+void
+push_file_scope (void)
+{
+  tree decl;
+
+  if (file_scope)
+    return;
+
+  push_scope ();
+  file_scope = current_scope;
+
+  start_fname_decls ();
+
+  for (decl = visible_builtins; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    bind (DECL_NAME (decl), decl, file_scope,
+      /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/true, DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl));
+}
+
+void
+pop_file_scope (void)
+{
+  /* In case there were missing closebraces, get us back to the global
+     binding level.  */
+  while (current_scope != file_scope)
+    pop_scope ();
+
+  /* __FUNCTION__ is defined at file scope ("").  This
+     call may not be necessary as my tests indicate it
+     still works without it.  */
+  finish_fname_decls ();
+
+  check_inline_statics ();
+
+  /* This is the point to write out a PCH if we're doing that.
+     In that case we do not want to do anything else.  */
+  if (pch_file)
+    {
+      c_common_write_pch ();
+      return;
+    }
+
+  /* Pop off the file scope and close this translation unit.  */
+  pop_scope ();
+  file_scope = 0;
+
+  maybe_apply_pending_pragma_weaks ();
+}
+
+/* Adjust the bindings for the start of a statement expression.  */
+
+void
+c_bindings_start_stmt_expr (struct c_spot_bindings* switch_bindings)
+{
+  struct c_scope *scope;
+
+  for (scope = current_scope; scope != NULL; scope = scope->outer)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b;
+
+      if (!scope->has_label_bindings)
+    continue;
+
+      for (b = scope->bindings; b != NULL; b = b->prev)
+    {
+      struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+      unsigned int ix;
+      struct c_goto_bindings *g;
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (b->decl) != LABEL_DECL)
+        continue;
+      label_vars = b->u.label;
+      ++label_vars->label_bindings.stmt_exprs;
+      for (ix = 0;
+           VEC_iterate (c_goto_bindings_p, label_vars->gotos, ix, g);
+           ++ix)
+        ++g->goto_bindings.stmt_exprs;
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (switch_bindings != NULL)
+    ++switch_bindings->stmt_exprs;
+}
+
+/* Adjust the bindings for the end of a statement expression.  */
+
+void
+c_bindings_end_stmt_expr (struct c_spot_bindings *switch_bindings)
+{
+  struct c_scope *scope;
+
+  for (scope = current_scope; scope != NULL; scope = scope->outer)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b;
+
+      if (!scope->has_label_bindings)
+    continue;
+
+      for (b = scope->bindings; b != NULL; b = b->prev)
+    {
+      struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+      unsigned int ix;
+      struct c_goto_bindings *g;
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (b->decl) != LABEL_DECL)
+        continue;
+      label_vars = b->u.label;
+      --label_vars->label_bindings.stmt_exprs;
+      if (label_vars->label_bindings.stmt_exprs < 0)
+        {
+          label_vars->label_bindings.left_stmt_expr = true;
+          label_vars->label_bindings.stmt_exprs = 0;
+        }
+      for (ix = 0;
+           VEC_iterate (c_goto_bindings_p, label_vars->gotos, ix, g);
+           ++ix)
+        {
+          --g->goto_bindings.stmt_exprs;
+          if (g->goto_bindings.stmt_exprs < 0)
+        {
+          g->goto_bindings.left_stmt_expr = true;
+          g->goto_bindings.stmt_exprs = 0;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (switch_bindings != NULL)
+    {
+      --switch_bindings->stmt_exprs;
+      gcc_assert (switch_bindings->stmt_exprs >= 0);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Push a definition or a declaration of struct, union or enum tag "name".
+   "type" should be the type node.
+   We assume that the tag "name" is not already defined, and has a location
+   of LOC.
+
+   Note that the definition may really be just a forward reference.
+   In that case, the TYPE_SIZE will be zero.  */
+
+static void
+pushtag (location_t loc, tree name, tree type)
+{
+  /* Record the identifier as the type's name if it has none.  */
+  if (name && !TYPE_NAME (type))
+    TYPE_NAME (type) = name;
+  bind (name, type, current_scope, /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false, loc);
+
+  /* Create a fake NULL-named TYPE_DECL node whose TREE_TYPE will be the
+     tagged type we just added to the current scope.  This fake
+     NULL-named TYPE_DECL node helps dwarfout.c to know when it needs
+     to output a representation of a tagged type, and it also gives
+     us a convenient place to record the "scope start" address for the
+     tagged type.  */
+
+  TYPE_STUB_DECL (type) = pushdecl (build_decl (loc,
+                        TYPE_DECL, NULL_TREE, type));
+
+  /* An approximation for now, so we can tell this is a function-scope tag.
+     This will be updated in pop_scope.  */
+  TYPE_CONTEXT (type) = DECL_CONTEXT (TYPE_STUB_DECL (type));
+
+  if (warn_cxx_compat && name != NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (name);
+
+      if (b != NULL
+      && b->decl != NULL_TREE
+      && TREE_CODE (b->decl) == TYPE_DECL
+      && (B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE (b)
+          || (current_scope == file_scope && B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b)))
+      && (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (b->decl))
+          != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type)))
+    {
+      warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+              ("using %qD as both a typedef and a tag is "
+               "invalid in C++"),
+              b->decl);
+      if (b->locus != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+        inform (b->locus, "originally defined here");
+    }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of compare_decls.  Allow harmless mismatches in return
+   and argument types provided that the type modes match.  This function
+   return a unified type given a suitable match, and 0 otherwise.  */
+
+static tree
+match_builtin_function_types (tree newtype, tree oldtype)
+{
+  tree newrettype, oldrettype;
+  tree newargs, oldargs;
+  tree trytype, tryargs;
+
+  /* Accept the return type of the new declaration if same modes.  */
+  oldrettype = TREE_TYPE (oldtype);
+  newrettype = TREE_TYPE (newtype);
+
+  if (TYPE_MODE (oldrettype) != TYPE_MODE (newrettype))
+    return 0;
+
+  oldargs = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (oldtype);
+  newargs = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (newtype);
+  tryargs = newargs;
+
+  while (oldargs || newargs)
+    {
+      if (!oldargs
+      || !newargs
+      || !TREE_VALUE (oldargs)
+      || !TREE_VALUE (newargs)
+      || TYPE_MODE (TREE_VALUE (oldargs))
+         != TYPE_MODE (TREE_VALUE (newargs)))
+    return 0;
+
+      oldargs = TREE_CHAIN (oldargs);
+      newargs = TREE_CHAIN (newargs);
+    }
+
+  trytype = build_function_type (newrettype, tryargs);
+  return build_type_attribute_variant (trytype, TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (oldtype));
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of diagnose_mismatched_decls.  Check for function type
+   mismatch involving an empty arglist vs a nonempty one and give clearer
+   diagnostics.  */
+static void
+diagnose_arglist_conflict (tree newdecl, tree olddecl,
+               tree newtype, tree oldtype)
+{
+  tree t;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) != FUNCTION_DECL
+      || !comptypes (TREE_TYPE (oldtype), TREE_TYPE (newtype))
+      || !((TYPE_ARG_TYPES (oldtype) == 0 && DECL_INITIAL (olddecl) == 0)
+       ||
+       (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (newtype) == 0 && DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) == 0)))
+    return;
+
+  t = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (oldtype);
+  if (t == 0)
+    t = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (newtype);
+  for (; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
+    {
+      tree type = TREE_VALUE (t);
+
+      if (TREE_CHAIN (t) == 0
+      && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type) != void_type_node)
+    {
+      inform (input_location, "a parameter list with an ellipsis can%'t match "
+          "an empty parameter name list declaration");
+      break;
+    }
+
+      if (c_type_promotes_to (type) != type)
+    {
+      inform (input_location, "an argument type that has a default promotion can%'t match "
+          "an empty parameter name list declaration");
+      break;
+    }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Another subroutine of diagnose_mismatched_decls.  OLDDECL is an
+   old-style function definition, NEWDECL is a prototype declaration.
+   Diagnose inconsistencies in the argument list.  Returns TRUE if
+   the prototype is compatible, FALSE if not.  */
+static bool
+validate_proto_after_old_defn (tree newdecl, tree newtype, tree oldtype)
+{
+  tree newargs, oldargs;
+  int i;
+
+#define END_OF_ARGLIST(t) ((t) == void_type_node)
+
+  oldargs = TYPE_ACTUAL_ARG_TYPES (oldtype);
+  newargs = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (newtype);
+  i = 1;
+
+  for (;;)
+    {
+      tree oldargtype = TREE_VALUE (oldargs);
+      tree newargtype = TREE_VALUE (newargs);
+
+      if (oldargtype == error_mark_node || newargtype == error_mark_node)
+    return false;
+
+      oldargtype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (oldargtype);
+      newargtype = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (newargtype);
+
+      if (END_OF_ARGLIST (oldargtype) && END_OF_ARGLIST (newargtype))
+    break;
+
+      /* Reaching the end of just one list means the two decls don't
+     agree on the number of arguments.  */
+      if (END_OF_ARGLIST (oldargtype))
+    {
+      error ("prototype for %q+D declares more arguments "
+         "than previous old-style definition", newdecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+      else if (END_OF_ARGLIST (newargtype))
+    {
+      error ("prototype for %q+D declares fewer arguments "
+         "than previous old-style definition", newdecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+      /* Type for passing arg must be consistent with that declared
+     for the arg.  */
+      else if (!comptypes (oldargtype, newargtype))
+    {
+      error ("prototype for %q+D declares argument %d"
+         " with incompatible type",
+         newdecl, i);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+      oldargs = TREE_CHAIN (oldargs);
+      newargs = TREE_CHAIN (newargs);
+      i++;
+    }
+
+  /* If we get here, no errors were found, but do issue a warning
+     for this poor-style construct.  */
+  warning (0, "prototype for %q+D follows non-prototype definition",
+       newdecl);
+  return true;
+#undef END_OF_ARGLIST
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of diagnose_mismatched_decls.  Report the location of DECL,
+   first in a pair of mismatched declarations, using the diagnostic
+   function DIAG.  */
+static void
+locate_old_decl (tree decl)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_BUILT_IN (decl))
+    ;
+  else if (DECL_INITIAL (decl))
+    inform (input_location, "previous definition of %q+D was here", decl);
+  else if (C_DECL_IMPLICIT (decl))
+    inform (input_location, "previous implicit declaration of %q+D was here", decl);
+  else
+    inform (input_location, "previous declaration of %q+D was here", decl);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of duplicate_decls.  Compare NEWDECL to OLDDECL.
+   Returns true if the caller should proceed to merge the two, false
+   if OLDDECL should simply be discarded.  As a side effect, issues
+   all necessary diagnostics for invalid or poor-style combinations.
+   If it returns true, writes the types of NEWDECL and OLDDECL to
+   *NEWTYPEP and *OLDTYPEP - these may have been adjusted from
+   TREE_TYPE (NEWDECL, OLDDECL) respectively.  */
+
+static bool
+diagnose_mismatched_decls (tree newdecl, tree olddecl,
+               tree *newtypep, tree *oldtypep)
+{
+  tree newtype, oldtype;
+  bool pedwarned = false;
+  bool warned = false;
+  bool retval = true;
+
+#define DECL_EXTERN_INLINE(DECL) (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (DECL)  \
+                  && DECL_EXTERNAL (DECL))
+
+  /* If we have error_mark_node for either decl or type, just discard
+     the previous decl - we're in an error cascade already.  */
+  if (olddecl == error_mark_node || newdecl == error_mark_node)
+    return false;
+  *oldtypep = oldtype = TREE_TYPE (olddecl);
+  *newtypep = newtype = TREE_TYPE (newdecl);
+  if (oldtype == error_mark_node || newtype == error_mark_node)
+    return false;
+
+  /* Two different categories of symbol altogether.  This is an error
+     unless OLDDECL is a builtin.  OLDDECL will be discarded in any case.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) != TREE_CODE (newdecl))
+    {
+      if (!(TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+        && DECL_BUILT_IN (olddecl)
+        && !C_DECL_DECLARED_BUILTIN (olddecl)))
+    {
+      error ("%q+D redeclared as different kind of symbol", newdecl);
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+    }
+      else if (TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl))
+    warning (0, "built-in function %q+D declared as non-function",
+         newdecl);
+      else
+    warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows "
+         "a built-in function", newdecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  /* Enumerators have no linkage, so may only be declared once in a
+     given scope.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == CONST_DECL)
+    {
+      error ("redeclaration of enumerator %q+D", newdecl);
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  if (!comptypes (oldtype, newtype))
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && DECL_BUILT_IN (olddecl) && !C_DECL_DECLARED_BUILTIN (olddecl))
+    {
+      /* Accept harmless mismatch in function types.
+         This is for the ffs and fprintf builtins.  */
+      tree trytype = match_builtin_function_types (newtype, oldtype);
+
+      if (trytype && comptypes (newtype, trytype))
+        *oldtypep = oldtype = trytype;
+      else
+        {
+          /* If types don't match for a built-in, throw away the
+         built-in.  No point in calling locate_old_decl here, it
+         won't print anything.  */
+          warning (0, "conflicting types for built-in function %q+D",
+               newdecl);
+          return false;
+        }
+    }
+      else if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+           && DECL_IS_BUILTIN (olddecl))
+    {
+      /* A conflicting function declaration for a predeclared
+         function that isn't actually built in.  Objective C uses
+         these.  The new declaration silently overrides everything
+         but the volatility (i.e. noreturn) indication.  See also
+         below.  FIXME: Make Objective C use normal builtins.  */
+      TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (newdecl) |= TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+      /* Permit void foo (...) to match int foo (...) if the latter is
+     the definition and implicit int was used.  See
+     c-torture/compile/920625-2.c.  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_INITIAL (newdecl)
+           && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (oldtype)) == void_type_node
+           && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (newtype)) == integer_type_node
+           && C_FUNCTION_IMPLICIT_INT (newdecl) && !DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+    {
+      pedwarned = pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+                   "conflicting types for %q+D", newdecl);
+      /* Make sure we keep void as the return type.  */
+      TREE_TYPE (newdecl) = *newtypep = newtype = oldtype;
+      C_FUNCTION_IMPLICIT_INT (newdecl) = 0;
+    }
+      /* Permit void foo (...) to match an earlier call to foo (...) with
+     no declared type (thus, implicitly int).  */
+      else if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+           && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (newtype)) == void_type_node
+           && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (oldtype)) == integer_type_node
+           && C_DECL_IMPLICIT (olddecl) && !DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+    {
+      pedwarned = pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+                   "conflicting types for %q+D", newdecl);
+      /* Make sure we keep void as the return type.  */
+      TREE_TYPE (olddecl) = *oldtypep = oldtype = newtype;
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      int new_quals = TYPE_QUALS (newtype);
+      int old_quals = TYPE_QUALS (oldtype);
+
+      if (new_quals != old_quals)
+        {
+          addr_space_t new_addr = DECODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (new_quals);
+          addr_space_t old_addr = DECODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (old_quals);
+          if (new_addr != old_addr)
+        {
+          if (ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (new_addr))
+            error ("conflicting named address spaces (generic vs %s) "
+               "for %q+D",
+               c_addr_space_name (old_addr), newdecl);
+          else if (ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (old_addr))
+            error ("conflicting named address spaces (%s vs generic) "
+               "for %q+D",
+               c_addr_space_name (new_addr), newdecl);
+          else
+            error ("conflicting named address spaces (%s vs %s) "
+               "for %q+D",
+               c_addr_space_name (new_addr),
+               c_addr_space_name (old_addr),
+               newdecl);
+        }
+
+          if (CLEAR_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (new_quals)
+          != CLEAR_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (old_quals))
+        error ("conflicting type qualifiers for %q+D", newdecl);
+        }
+      else
+        error ("conflicting types for %q+D", newdecl);
+      diagnose_arglist_conflict (newdecl, olddecl, newtype, oldtype);
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Redeclaration of a type is a constraint violation (6.7.2.3p1),
+     but silently ignore the redeclaration if either is in a system
+     header.  (Conflicting redeclarations were handled above.)  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == TYPE_DECL)
+    {
+      if (DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (newdecl)
+      || DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (olddecl)
+      || TREE_NO_WARNING (newdecl)
+      || TREE_NO_WARNING (olddecl))
+    return true;  /* Allow OLDDECL to continue in use.  */
+
+      error ("redefinition of typedef %q+D", newdecl);
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  /* Function declarations can either be 'static' or 'extern' (no
+     qualifier is equivalent to 'extern' - C99 6.2.2p5) and therefore
+     can never conflict with each other on account of linkage
+     (6.2.2p4).  Multiple definitions are not allowed (6.9p3,5) but
+     gnu89 mode permits two definitions if one is 'extern inline' and
+     one is not.  The non- extern-inline definition supersedes the
+     extern-inline definition.  */
+
+  else if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      /* If you declare a built-in function name as static, or
+     define the built-in with an old-style definition (so we
+     can't validate the argument list) the built-in definition is
+     overridden, but optionally warn this was a bad choice of name.  */
+      if (DECL_BUILT_IN (olddecl)
+      && !C_DECL_DECLARED_BUILTIN (olddecl)
+      && (!TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl)
+          || (DECL_INITIAL (newdecl)
+          && !TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (newdecl)))))
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows "
+           "a built-in function", newdecl);
+      /* Discard the old built-in function.  */
+      return false;
+    }
+
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (newdecl))
+    {
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+        {
+          /* If both decls are in the same TU and the new declaration
+         isn't overriding an extern inline reject the new decl.
+         In c99, no overriding is allowed in the same translation
+         unit.  */
+          if ((!DECL_EXTERN_INLINE (olddecl)
+           || DECL_EXTERN_INLINE (newdecl)
+           || (!flag_gnu89_inline
+               && (!DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (olddecl)
+               || !lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline",
+                         DECL_ATTRIBUTES (olddecl)))
+               && (!DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl)
+               || !lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline",
+                         DECL_ATTRIBUTES (newdecl))))
+          )
+          && same_translation_unit_p (newdecl, olddecl))
+        {
+          error ("redefinition of %q+D", newdecl);
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+          return false;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+      /* If we have a prototype after an old-style function definition,
+     the argument types must be checked specially.  */
+      else if (DECL_INITIAL (olddecl)
+           && !TYPE_ARG_TYPES (oldtype) && TYPE_ARG_TYPES (newtype)
+           && TYPE_ACTUAL_ARG_TYPES (oldtype)
+           && !validate_proto_after_old_defn (newdecl, newtype, oldtype))
+    {
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+      /* A non-static declaration (even an "extern") followed by a
+     static declaration is undefined behavior per C99 6.2.2p3-5,7.
+     The same is true for a static forward declaration at block
+     scope followed by a non-static declaration/definition at file
+     scope.  Static followed by non-static at the same scope is
+     not undefined behavior, and is the most convenient way to get
+     some effects (see e.g.  what unwind-dw2-fde-glibc.c does to
+     the definition of _Unwind_Find_FDE in unwind-dw2-fde.c), but
+     we do diagnose it if -Wtraditional.  */
+      if (TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl) && !TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl))
+    {
+      /* Two exceptions to the rule.  If olddecl is an extern
+         inline, or a predeclared function that isn't actually
+         built in, newdecl silently overrides olddecl.  The latter
+         occur only in Objective C; see also above.  (FIXME: Make
+         Objective C use normal builtins.)  */
+      if (!DECL_IS_BUILTIN (olddecl)
+          && !DECL_EXTERN_INLINE (olddecl))
+        {
+          error ("static declaration of %q+D follows "
+             "non-static declaration", newdecl);
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+        }
+      return false;
+    }
+      else if (TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl) && !TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl))
+    {
+      if (DECL_CONTEXT (olddecl))
+        {
+          error ("non-static declaration of %q+D follows "
+             "static declaration", newdecl);
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+          return false;
+        }
+      else if (warn_traditional)
+        {
+          warned |= warning (OPT_Wtraditional,
+                 "non-static declaration of %q+D "
+                 "follows static declaration", newdecl);
+        }
+    }
+
+      /* Make sure gnu_inline attribute is either not present, or
+     present on all inline decls.  */
+      if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (olddecl)
+      && DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl))
+    {
+      bool newa = lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline",
+                    DECL_ATTRIBUTES (newdecl)) != NULL;
+      bool olda = lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline",
+                    DECL_ATTRIBUTES (olddecl)) != NULL;
+      if (newa != olda)
+        {
+          error_at (input_location, "%<gnu_inline%> attribute present on %q+D",
+            newa ? newdecl : olddecl);
+          error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (newa ? olddecl : newdecl),
+            "but not here");
+        }
+    }
+    }
+  else if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == VAR_DECL)
+    {
+      /* Only variables can be thread-local, and all declarations must
+     agree on this property.  */
+      if (C_DECL_THREADPRIVATE_P (olddecl) && !DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (newdecl))
+    {
+      /* Nothing to check.  Since OLDDECL is marked threadprivate
+         and NEWDECL does not have a thread-local attribute, we
+         will merge the threadprivate attribute into NEWDECL.  */
+      ;
+    }
+      else if (DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (newdecl) != DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (olddecl))
+    {
+      if (DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (newdecl))
+        error ("thread-local declaration of %q+D follows "
+           "non-thread-local declaration", newdecl);
+      else
+        error ("non-thread-local declaration of %q+D follows "
+           "thread-local declaration", newdecl);
+
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+      /* Multiple initialized definitions are not allowed (6.9p3,5).  */
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) && DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+    {
+      error ("redefinition of %q+D", newdecl);
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+
+      /* Objects declared at file scope: if the first declaration had
+     external linkage (even if it was an external reference) the
+     second must have external linkage as well, or the behavior is
+     undefined.  If the first declaration had internal linkage, then
+     the second must too, or else be an external reference (in which
+     case the composite declaration still has internal linkage).
+     As for function declarations, we warn about the static-then-
+     extern case only for -Wtraditional.  See generally 6.2.2p3-5,7.  */
+      if (DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (newdecl)
+      && TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl) != TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl))
+    {
+      if (DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl))
+        {
+          if (!DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (olddecl))
+        {
+          error ("extern declaration of %q+D follows "
+             "declaration with no linkage", newdecl);
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+          return false;
+        }
+          else if (warn_traditional)
+        {
+          warned |= warning (OPT_Wtraditional,
+                     "non-static declaration of %q+D "
+                     "follows static declaration", newdecl);
+        }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          if (TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl))
+        error ("non-static declaration of %q+D follows "
+               "static declaration", newdecl);
+          else
+        error ("static declaration of %q+D follows "
+               "non-static declaration", newdecl);
+
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+          return false;
+        }
+    }
+      /* Two objects with the same name declared at the same block
+     scope must both be external references (6.7p3).  */
+      else if (!DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (newdecl))
+    {
+      if (DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl))
+        {
+          /* Extern with initializer at block scope, which will
+         already have received an error.  */
+        }
+      else if (DECL_EXTERNAL (olddecl))
+        {
+          error ("declaration of %q+D with no linkage follows "
+             "extern declaration", newdecl);
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          error ("redeclaration of %q+D with no linkage", newdecl);
+          locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+        }
+
+      return false;
+    }
+
+      /* C++ does not permit a decl to appear multiple times at file
+     scope.  */
+      if (warn_cxx_compat
+      && DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (newdecl)
+      && !DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl)
+      && !DECL_EXTERNAL (olddecl))
+    warned |= warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (newdecl),
+                  OPT_Wc___compat,
+                  ("duplicate declaration of %qD is "
+                   "invalid in C++"),
+                  newdecl);
+    }
+
+  /* warnings */
+  /* All decls must agree on a visibility.  */
+  if (CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (newdecl), TS_DECL_WITH_VIS)
+      && DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (newdecl) && DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (olddecl)
+      && DECL_VISIBILITY (newdecl) != DECL_VISIBILITY (olddecl))
+    {
+      warned |= warning (0, "redeclaration of %q+D with different visibility "
+             "(old visibility preserved)", newdecl);
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      /* Diagnose inline __attribute__ ((noinline)) which is silly.  */
+      if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl)
+      && lookup_attribute ("noinline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (olddecl)))
+    {
+      warned |= warning (OPT_Wattributes,
+                 "inline declaration of %qD follows "
+                 "declaration with attribute noinline", newdecl);
+    }
+      else if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (olddecl)
+           && lookup_attribute ("noinline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (newdecl)))
+    {
+      warned |= warning (OPT_Wattributes,
+                 "declaration of %q+D with attribute "
+                 "noinline follows inline declaration ", newdecl);
+    }
+    }
+  else /* PARM_DECL, VAR_DECL */
+    {
+      /* Redeclaration of a parameter is a constraint violation (this is
+     not explicitly stated, but follows from C99 6.7p3 [no more than
+     one declaration of the same identifier with no linkage in the
+     same scope, except type tags] and 6.2.2p6 [parameters have no
+     linkage]).  We must check for a forward parameter declaration,
+     indicated by TREE_ASM_WRITTEN on the old declaration - this is
+     an extension, the mandatory diagnostic for which is handled by
+     mark_forward_parm_decls.  */
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == PARM_DECL
+      && (!TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (olddecl) || TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (newdecl)))
+    {
+      error ("redefinition of parameter %q+D", newdecl);
+      locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+      return false;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Optional warning for completely redundant decls.  */
+  if (!warned && !pedwarned
+      && warn_redundant_decls
+      /* Don't warn about a function declaration followed by a
+     definition.  */
+      && !(TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+       && DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) && !DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+      /* Don't warn about redundant redeclarations of builtins.  */
+      && !(TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+       && !DECL_BUILT_IN (newdecl)
+       && DECL_BUILT_IN (olddecl)
+       && !C_DECL_DECLARED_BUILTIN (olddecl))
+      /* Don't warn about an extern followed by a definition.  */
+      && !(DECL_EXTERNAL (olddecl) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl))
+      /* Don't warn about forward parameter decls.  */
+      && !(TREE_CODE (newdecl) == PARM_DECL
+       && TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (olddecl) && !TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (newdecl))
+      /* Don't warn about a variable definition following a declaration.  */
+      && !(TREE_CODE (newdecl) == VAR_DECL
+       && DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) && !DECL_INITIAL (olddecl)))
+    {
+      warned = warning (OPT_Wredundant_decls, "redundant redeclaration of %q+D",
+            newdecl);
+    }
+
+  /* Report location of previous decl/defn.  */
+  if (warned || pedwarned)
+    locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+
+#undef DECL_EXTERN_INLINE
+
+  return retval;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of duplicate_decls.  NEWDECL has been found to be
+   consistent with OLDDECL, but carries new information.  Merge the
+   new information into OLDDECL.  This function issues no
+   diagnostics.  */
+
+static void
+merge_decls (tree newdecl, tree olddecl, tree newtype, tree oldtype)
+{
+  bool new_is_definition = (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+                && DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) != 0);
+  bool new_is_prototype = (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+               && TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (newdecl)) != 0);
+  bool old_is_prototype = (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+               && TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (olddecl)) != 0);
+  bool extern_changed = false;
+
+  /* For real parm decl following a forward decl, rechain the old decl
+     in its new location and clear TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (it's not a
+     forward decl anymore).  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == PARM_DECL
+      && TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (olddecl) && !TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (newdecl))
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b, **here;
+
+      for (here = &current_scope->bindings; *here; here = &(*here)->prev)
+    if ((*here)->decl == olddecl)
+      goto found;
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+
+    found:
+      b = *here;
+      *here = b->prev;
+      b->prev = current_scope->bindings;
+      current_scope->bindings = b;
+
+      TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (olddecl) = 0;
+    }
+
+  DECL_ATTRIBUTES (newdecl)
+    = targetm.merge_decl_attributes (olddecl, newdecl);
+
+  /* Merge the data types specified in the two decls.  */
+  TREE_TYPE (newdecl)
+    = TREE_TYPE (olddecl)
+    = composite_type (newtype, oldtype);
+
+  /* Lay the type out, unless already done.  */
+  if (!comptypes (oldtype, TREE_TYPE (newdecl)))
+    {
+      if (TREE_TYPE (newdecl) != error_mark_node)
+    layout_type (TREE_TYPE (newdecl));
+      if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) != FUNCTION_DECL
+      && TREE_CODE (newdecl) != TYPE_DECL
+      && TREE_CODE (newdecl) != CONST_DECL)
+    layout_decl (newdecl, 0);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Since the type is OLDDECL's, make OLDDECL's size go with.  */
+      DECL_SIZE (newdecl) = DECL_SIZE (olddecl);
+      DECL_SIZE_UNIT (newdecl) = DECL_SIZE_UNIT (olddecl);
+      DECL_MODE (newdecl) = DECL_MODE (olddecl);
+      if (DECL_ALIGN (olddecl) > DECL_ALIGN (newdecl))
+    {
+      DECL_ALIGN (newdecl) = DECL_ALIGN (olddecl);
+      DECL_USER_ALIGN (newdecl) |= DECL_USER_ALIGN (olddecl);
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Keep the old rtl since we can safely use it.  */
+  if (HAS_RTL_P (olddecl))
+    COPY_DECL_RTL (olddecl, newdecl);
+
+  /* Merge the type qualifiers.  */
+  if (TREE_READONLY (newdecl))
+    TREE_READONLY (olddecl) = 1;
+
+  if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (newdecl))
+    TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (olddecl) = 1;
+
+  /* Merge deprecatedness.  */
+  if (TREE_DEPRECATED (newdecl))
+    TREE_DEPRECATED (olddecl) = 1;
+
+  /* If a decl is in a system header and the other isn't, keep the one on the
+     system header. Otherwise, keep source location of definition rather than
+     declaration and of prototype rather than non-prototype unless that
+     prototype is built-in.  */
+  if (CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (olddecl), TS_DECL_WITH_VIS)
+      && DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (olddecl)
+      && !DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (newdecl) )
+    DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (newdecl) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (olddecl);
+  else if (CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (olddecl), TS_DECL_WITH_VIS)
+       && DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (newdecl)
+       && !DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (olddecl))
+    DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (olddecl) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (newdecl);
+  else if ((DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) == 0 && DECL_INITIAL (olddecl) != 0)
+       || (old_is_prototype && !new_is_prototype
+           && !C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (olddecl)))
+    DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (newdecl) = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (olddecl);
+
+  /* Merge the initialization information.  */
+   if (DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) == 0)
+    DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) = DECL_INITIAL (olddecl);
+
+  /* Merge the threadprivate attribute.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == VAR_DECL && C_DECL_THREADPRIVATE_P (olddecl))
+    {
+      DECL_TLS_MODEL (newdecl) = DECL_TLS_MODEL (olddecl);
+      C_DECL_THREADPRIVATE_P (newdecl) = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (CODE_CONTAINS_STRUCT (TREE_CODE (olddecl), TS_DECL_WITH_VIS))
+    {
+      /* Merge the section attribute.
+     We want to issue an error if the sections conflict but that
+     must be done later in decl_attributes since we are called
+     before attributes are assigned.  */
+      if (DECL_SECTION_NAME (newdecl) == NULL_TREE)
+    DECL_SECTION_NAME (newdecl) = DECL_SECTION_NAME (olddecl);
+
+      /* Copy the assembler name.
+     Currently, it can only be defined in the prototype.  */
+      COPY_DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME (olddecl, newdecl);
+
+      /* Use visibility of whichever declaration had it specified */
+      if (DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (olddecl))
+    {
+      DECL_VISIBILITY (newdecl) = DECL_VISIBILITY (olddecl);
+      DECL_VISIBILITY_SPECIFIED (newdecl) = 1;
+    }
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      DECL_STATIC_CONSTRUCTOR(newdecl) |= DECL_STATIC_CONSTRUCTOR(olddecl);
+      DECL_STATIC_DESTRUCTOR (newdecl) |= DECL_STATIC_DESTRUCTOR (olddecl);
+      DECL_NO_LIMIT_STACK (newdecl) |= DECL_NO_LIMIT_STACK (olddecl);
+      DECL_NO_INSTRUMENT_FUNCTION_ENTRY_EXIT (newdecl)
+        |= DECL_NO_INSTRUMENT_FUNCTION_ENTRY_EXIT (olddecl);
+      TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (newdecl) |= TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (olddecl);
+      DECL_IS_MALLOC (newdecl) |= DECL_IS_MALLOC (olddecl);
+      DECL_IS_OPERATOR_NEW (newdecl) |= DECL_IS_OPERATOR_NEW (olddecl);
+      TREE_READONLY (newdecl) |= TREE_READONLY (olddecl);
+      DECL_PURE_P (newdecl) |= DECL_PURE_P (olddecl);
+      DECL_IS_NOVOPS (newdecl) |= DECL_IS_NOVOPS (olddecl);
+    }
+
+      /* Merge the storage class information.  */
+      merge_weak (newdecl, olddecl);
+
+      /* For functions, static overrides non-static.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl) &= TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl);
+      /* This is since we don't automatically
+         copy the attributes of NEWDECL into OLDDECL.  */
+      TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl) = TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl);
+      /* If this clears `static', clear it in the identifier too.  */
+      if (!TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl))
+        TREE_PUBLIC (DECL_NAME (olddecl)) = 0;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* In c99, 'extern' declaration before (or after) 'inline' means this
+     function is not DECL_EXTERNAL, unless 'gnu_inline' attribute
+     is present.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && !flag_gnu89_inline
+      && (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl)
+      || DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (olddecl))
+      && (!DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl)
+      || !DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (olddecl)
+      || !DECL_EXTERNAL (olddecl))
+      && DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl)
+      && !lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (newdecl))
+      && !current_function_decl)
+    DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl) = 0;
+
+  if (DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl))
+    {
+      TREE_STATIC (newdecl) = TREE_STATIC (olddecl);
+      DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl) = DECL_EXTERNAL (olddecl);
+
+      /* An extern decl does not override previous storage class.  */
+      TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl) = TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl);
+      if (!DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl))
+    {
+      DECL_CONTEXT (newdecl) = DECL_CONTEXT (olddecl);
+      DECL_COMMON (newdecl) = DECL_COMMON (olddecl);
+    }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      TREE_STATIC (olddecl) = TREE_STATIC (newdecl);
+      TREE_PUBLIC (olddecl) = TREE_PUBLIC (newdecl);
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (newdecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      /* If we're redefining a function previously defined as extern
+     inline, make sure we emit debug info for the inline before we
+     throw it away, in case it was inlined into a function that
+     hasn't been written out yet.  */
+      if (new_is_definition && DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+    /* The new defn must not be inline.  */
+    DECL_UNINLINABLE (newdecl) = 1;
+      else
+    {
+      /* If either decl says `inline', this fn is inline, unless
+         its definition was passed already.  */
+      if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl)
+          || DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (olddecl))
+        DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (newdecl) = 1;
+
+      DECL_UNINLINABLE (newdecl) = DECL_UNINLINABLE (olddecl)
+        = (DECL_UNINLINABLE (newdecl) || DECL_UNINLINABLE (olddecl));
+
+      DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (newdecl)
+        = DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (olddecl)
+        = (DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (newdecl)
+           || DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (olddecl));
+    }
+
+      if (DECL_BUILT_IN (olddecl))
+    {
+      /* If redeclaring a builtin function, it stays built in.
+         But it gets tagged as having been declared.  */
+      DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (newdecl) = DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (olddecl);
+      DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (newdecl) = DECL_FUNCTION_CODE (olddecl);
+      C_DECL_DECLARED_BUILTIN (newdecl) = 1;
+      if (new_is_prototype)
+        C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (newdecl) = 0;
+      else
+        C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (newdecl)
+          = C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (olddecl);
+    }
+
+      /* Preserve function specific target and optimization options */
+      if (DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_TARGET (olddecl)
+      && !DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_TARGET (newdecl))
+    DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_TARGET (newdecl)
+      = DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_TARGET (olddecl);
+
+      if (DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_OPTIMIZATION (olddecl)
+      && !DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_OPTIMIZATION (newdecl))
+    DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_OPTIMIZATION (newdecl)
+      = DECL_FUNCTION_SPECIFIC_OPTIMIZATION (olddecl);
+
+      /* Also preserve various other info from the definition.  */
+      if (!new_is_definition)
+    {
+      tree t;
+      DECL_RESULT (newdecl) = DECL_RESULT (olddecl);
+      DECL_INITIAL (newdecl) = DECL_INITIAL (olddecl);
+      DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (newdecl) = DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (olddecl);
+      DECL_SAVED_TREE (newdecl) = DECL_SAVED_TREE (olddecl);
+      gimple_set_body (newdecl, gimple_body (olddecl));
+      DECL_ARGUMENTS (newdecl) = copy_list (DECL_ARGUMENTS (olddecl));
+      for (t = DECL_ARGUMENTS (newdecl); t ; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
+        DECL_CONTEXT (t) = newdecl;
+
+      /* See if we've got a function to instantiate from.  */
+      if (DECL_SAVED_TREE (olddecl))
+        DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (newdecl)
+          = DECL_ABSTRACT_ORIGIN (olddecl);
+    }
+    }
+
+  extern_changed = DECL_EXTERNAL (olddecl) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (newdecl);
+
+  /* Merge the USED information.  */
+  if (TREE_USED (olddecl))
+    TREE_USED (newdecl) = 1;
+  else if (TREE_USED (newdecl))
+    TREE_USED (olddecl) = 1;
+
+  /* Copy most of the decl-specific fields of NEWDECL into OLDDECL.
+     But preserve OLDDECL's DECL_UID, DECL_CONTEXT and
+     DECL_ARGUMENTS (if appropriate).  */
+  {
+    unsigned olddecl_uid = DECL_UID (olddecl);
+    tree olddecl_context = DECL_CONTEXT (olddecl);
+    tree olddecl_arguments = NULL;
+    if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+      olddecl_arguments = DECL_ARGUMENTS (olddecl);
+
+    memcpy ((char *) olddecl + sizeof (struct tree_common),
+        (char *) newdecl + sizeof (struct tree_common),
+        sizeof (struct tree_decl_common) - sizeof (struct tree_common));
+    switch (TREE_CODE (olddecl))
+      {
+      case FUNCTION_DECL:
+    gimple_set_body (olddecl, gimple_body (newdecl));
+    /* fall through */
+
+      case FIELD_DECL:
+      case VAR_DECL:
+      case PARM_DECL:
+      case LABEL_DECL:
+      case RESULT_DECL:
+      case CONST_DECL:
+      case TYPE_DECL:
+    memcpy ((char *) olddecl + sizeof (struct tree_decl_common),
+        (char *) newdecl + sizeof (struct tree_decl_common),
+        tree_code_size (TREE_CODE (olddecl)) - sizeof (struct tree_decl_common));
+    break;
+
+      default:
+
+    memcpy ((char *) olddecl + sizeof (struct tree_decl_common),
+        (char *) newdecl + sizeof (struct tree_decl_common),
+        sizeof (struct tree_decl_non_common) - sizeof (struct tree_decl_common));
+      }
+    DECL_UID (olddecl) = olddecl_uid;
+    DECL_CONTEXT (olddecl) = olddecl_context;
+    if (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+      DECL_ARGUMENTS (olddecl) = olddecl_arguments;
+  }
+
+  /* If OLDDECL had its DECL_RTL instantiated, re-invoke make_decl_rtl
+     so that encode_section_info has a chance to look at the new decl
+     flags and attributes.  */
+  if (DECL_RTL_SET_P (olddecl)
+      && (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      || (TREE_CODE (olddecl) == VAR_DECL
+          && TREE_STATIC (olddecl))))
+    make_decl_rtl (olddecl);
+
+  /* If we changed a function from DECL_EXTERNAL to !DECL_EXTERNAL,
+     and the definition is coming from the old version, cgraph needs
+     to be called again.  */
+  if (extern_changed && !new_is_definition
+      && TREE_CODE (olddecl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_INITIAL (olddecl))
+    cgraph_mark_if_needed (olddecl);
+}
+
+/* Handle when a new declaration NEWDECL has the same name as an old
+   one OLDDECL in the same binding contour.  Prints an error message
+   if appropriate.
+
+   If safely possible, alter OLDDECL to look like NEWDECL, and return
+   true.  Otherwise, return false.  */
+
+static bool
+duplicate_decls (tree newdecl, tree olddecl)
+{
+  tree newtype = NULL, oldtype = NULL;
+
+  if (!diagnose_mismatched_decls (newdecl, olddecl, &newtype, &oldtype))
+    {
+      /* Avoid `unused variable' and other warnings for OLDDECL.  */
+      TREE_NO_WARNING (olddecl) = 1;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  merge_decls (newdecl, olddecl, newtype, oldtype);
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+/* Check whether decl-node NEW_DECL shadows an existing declaration.  */
+static void
+warn_if_shadowing (tree new_decl)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  /* Shadow warnings wanted?  */
+  if (!warn_shadow
+      /* No shadow warnings for internally generated vars.  */
+      || DECL_IS_BUILTIN (new_decl)
+      /* No shadow warnings for vars made for inlining.  */
+      || DECL_FROM_INLINE (new_decl))
+    return;
+
+  /* Is anything being shadowed?  Invisible decls do not count.  */
+  for (b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (DECL_NAME (new_decl)); b; b = b->shadowed)
+    if (b->decl && b->decl != new_decl && !b->invisible)
+      {
+    tree old_decl = b->decl;
+
+    if (old_decl == error_mark_node)
+      {
+        warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows previous "
+             "non-variable", new_decl);
+        break;
+      }
+    else if (TREE_CODE (old_decl) == PARM_DECL)
+      warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows a parameter",
+           new_decl);
+    else if (DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (old_decl))
+      warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows a global "
+           "declaration", new_decl);
+    else if (TREE_CODE (old_decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+         && DECL_BUILT_IN (old_decl))
+      {
+        warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows "
+             "a built-in function", new_decl);
+        break;
+      }
+    else
+      warning (OPT_Wshadow, "declaration of %q+D shadows a previous local",
+           new_decl);
+
+    warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (old_decl), OPT_Wshadow,
+            "shadowed declaration is here");
+
+    break;
+      }
+}
+
+/* Record a decl-node X as belonging to the current lexical scope.
+   Check for errors (such as an incompatible declaration for the same
+   name already seen in the same scope).
+
+   Returns either X or an old decl for the same name.
+   If an old decl is returned, it may have been smashed
+   to agree with what X says.  */
+
+tree
+pushdecl (tree x)
+{
+  tree name = DECL_NAME (x);
+  struct c_scope *scope = current_scope;
+  struct c_binding *b;
+  bool nested = false;
+  location_t locus = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (x);
+
+  /* Must set DECL_CONTEXT for everything not at file scope or
+     DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P won't work.  Local externs don't count
+     unless they have initializers (which generate code).  */
+  if (current_function_decl
+      && ((TREE_CODE (x) != FUNCTION_DECL && TREE_CODE (x) != VAR_DECL)
+      || DECL_INITIAL (x) || !DECL_EXTERNAL (x)))
+    DECL_CONTEXT (x) = current_function_decl;
+
+  /* Anonymous decls are just inserted in the scope.  */
+  if (!name)
+    {
+      bind (name, x, scope, /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false,
+        locus);
+      return x;
+    }
+
+  /* First, see if there is another declaration with the same name in
+     the current scope.  If there is, duplicate_decls may do all the
+     work for us.  If duplicate_decls returns false, that indicates
+     two incompatible decls in the same scope; we are to silently
+     replace the old one (duplicate_decls has issued all appropriate
+     diagnostics).  In particular, we should not consider possible
+     duplicates in the external scope, or shadowing.  */
+  b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (name);
+  if (b && B_IN_SCOPE (b, scope))
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b_ext, *b_use;
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (x);
+      tree visdecl = b->decl;
+      tree vistype = TREE_TYPE (visdecl);
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (x)))
+    b->inner_comp = false;
+      b_use = b;
+      b_ext = b;
+      /* If this is an external linkage declaration, we should check
+     for compatibility with the type in the external scope before
+     setting the type at this scope based on the visible
+     information only.  */
+      if (TREE_PUBLIC (x) && TREE_PUBLIC (visdecl))
+    {
+      while (b_ext && !B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b_ext))
+        b_ext = b_ext->shadowed;
+      if (b_ext)
+        {
+          b_use = b_ext;
+          if (b_use->u.type)
+        TREE_TYPE (b_use->decl) = b_use->u.type;
+        }
+    }
+      if (duplicate_decls (x, b_use->decl))
+    {
+      if (b_use != b)
+        {
+          /* Save the updated type in the external scope and
+         restore the proper type for this scope.  */
+          tree thistype;
+          if (comptypes (vistype, type))
+        thistype = composite_type (vistype, type);
+          else
+        thistype = TREE_TYPE (b_use->decl);
+          b_use->u.type = TREE_TYPE (b_use->decl);
+          if (TREE_CODE (b_use->decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+          && DECL_BUILT_IN (b_use->decl))
+        thistype
+          = build_type_attribute_variant (thistype,
+                          TYPE_ATTRIBUTES
+                          (b_use->u.type));
+          TREE_TYPE (b_use->decl) = thistype;
+        }
+      return b_use->decl;
+    }
+      else
+    goto skip_external_and_shadow_checks;
+    }
+
+  /* All declarations with external linkage, and all external
+     references, go in the external scope, no matter what scope is
+     current.  However, the binding in that scope is ignored for
+     purposes of normal name lookup.  A separate binding structure is
+     created in the requested scope; this governs the normal
+     visibility of the symbol.
+
+     The binding in the externals scope is used exclusively for
+     detecting duplicate declarations of the same object, no matter
+     what scope they are in; this is what we do here.  (C99 6.2.7p2:
+     All declarations that refer to the same object or function shall
+     have compatible type; otherwise, the behavior is undefined.)  */
+  if (DECL_EXTERNAL (x) || scope == file_scope)
+    {
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (x);
+      tree vistype = 0;
+      tree visdecl = 0;
+      bool type_saved = false;
+      if (b && !B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b)
+      && (TREE_CODE (b->decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+          || TREE_CODE (b->decl) == VAR_DECL)
+      && DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (b->decl))
+    {
+      visdecl = b->decl;
+      vistype = TREE_TYPE (visdecl);
+    }
+      if (scope != file_scope
+      && !DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (x))
+    warning (OPT_Wnested_externs, "nested extern declaration of %qD", x);
+
+      while (b && !B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b))
+    {
+      /* If this decl might be modified, save its type.  This is
+         done here rather than when the decl is first bound
+         because the type may change after first binding, through
+         being completed or through attributes being added.  If we
+         encounter multiple such decls, only the first should have
+         its type saved; the others will already have had their
+         proper types saved and the types will not have changed as
+         their scopes will not have been re-entered.  */
+      if (DECL_P (b->decl) && DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (b->decl) && !type_saved)
+        {
+          b->u.type = TREE_TYPE (b->decl);
+          type_saved = true;
+        }
+      if (B_IN_FILE_SCOPE (b)
+          && TREE_CODE (b->decl) == VAR_DECL
+          && TREE_STATIC (b->decl)
+          && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (b->decl)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+          && !TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (b->decl))
+          && TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+          && TYPE_DOMAIN (type)
+          && TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type))
+          && !integer_zerop (TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type))))
+        {
+          /* Array type completed in inner scope, which should be
+         diagnosed if the completion does not have size 1 and
+         it does not get completed in the file scope.  */
+          b->inner_comp = true;
+        }
+      b = b->shadowed;
+    }
+
+      /* If a matching external declaration has been found, set its
+     type to the composite of all the types of that declaration.
+     After the consistency checks, it will be reset to the
+     composite of the visible types only.  */
+      if (b && (TREE_PUBLIC (x) || same_translation_unit_p (x, b->decl))
+      && b->u.type)
+    TREE_TYPE (b->decl) = b->u.type;
+
+      /* The point of the same_translation_unit_p check here is,
+     we want to detect a duplicate decl for a construct like
+     foo() { extern bar(); } ... static bar();  but not if
+     they are in different translation units.  In any case,
+     the static does not go in the externals scope.  */
+      if (b
+      && (TREE_PUBLIC (x) || same_translation_unit_p (x, b->decl))
+      && duplicate_decls (x, b->decl))
+    {
+      tree thistype;
+      if (vistype)
+        {
+          if (comptypes (vistype, type))
+        thistype = composite_type (vistype, type);
+          else
+        thistype = TREE_TYPE (b->decl);
+        }
+      else
+        thistype = type;
+      b->u.type = TREE_TYPE (b->decl);
+      if (TREE_CODE (b->decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && DECL_BUILT_IN (b->decl))
+        thistype
+          = build_type_attribute_variant (thistype,
+                          TYPE_ATTRIBUTES (b->u.type));
+      TREE_TYPE (b->decl) = thistype;
+      bind (name, b->decl, scope, /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/true,
+        locus);
+      return b->decl;
+    }
+      else if (TREE_PUBLIC (x))
+    {
+      if (visdecl && !b && duplicate_decls (x, visdecl))
+        {
+          /* An external declaration at block scope referring to a
+         visible entity with internal linkage.  The composite
+         type will already be correct for this scope, so we
+         just need to fall through to make the declaration in
+         this scope.  */
+          nested = true;
+          x = visdecl;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          bind (name, x, external_scope, /*invisible=*/true,
+            /*nested=*/false, locus);
+          nested = true;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (x) != PARM_DECL)
+    warn_if_shadowing (x);
+
+ skip_external_and_shadow_checks:
+  if (TREE_CODE (x) == TYPE_DECL)
+    set_underlying_type (x);
+
+  bind (name, x, scope, /*invisible=*/false, nested, locus);
+
+  /* If x's type is incomplete because it's based on a
+     structure or union which has not yet been fully declared,
+     attach it to that structure or union type, so we can go
+     back and complete the variable declaration later, if the
+     structure or union gets fully declared.
+
+     If the input is erroneous, we can have error_mark in the type
+     slot (e.g. "f(void a, ...)") - that doesn't count as an
+     incomplete type.  */
+  if (TREE_TYPE (x) != error_mark_node
+      && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (x)))
+    {
+      tree element = TREE_TYPE (x);
+
+      while (TREE_CODE (element) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    element = TREE_TYPE (element);
+      element = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (element);
+
+      if ((TREE_CODE (element) == RECORD_TYPE
+       || TREE_CODE (element) == UNION_TYPE)
+      && (TREE_CODE (x) != TYPE_DECL
+          || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+      && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (element))
+    C_TYPE_INCOMPLETE_VARS (element)
+      = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, x, C_TYPE_INCOMPLETE_VARS (element));
+    }
+  return x;
+}
+
+/* Record X as belonging to file scope.
+   This is used only internally by the Objective-C front end,
+   and is limited to its needs.  duplicate_decls is not called;
+   if there is any preexisting decl for this identifier, it is an ICE.  */
+
+tree
+pushdecl_top_level (tree x)
+{
+  tree name;
+  bool nested = false;
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (x) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (x) == CONST_DECL);
+
+  name = DECL_NAME (x);
+
+ gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (x) == CONST_DECL || !I_SYMBOL_BINDING (name));
+
+  if (TREE_PUBLIC (x))
+    {
+      bind (name, x, external_scope, /*invisible=*/true, /*nested=*/false,
+        UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+      nested = true;
+    }
+  if (file_scope)
+    bind (name, x, file_scope, /*invisible=*/false, nested, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+
+  return x;
+}
+
+static void
+implicit_decl_warning (tree id, tree olddecl)
+{
+  if (warn_implicit_function_declaration)
+    {
+      bool warned;
+
+      if (flag_isoc99)
+    warned = pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wimplicit_function_declaration,
+              "implicit declaration of function %qE", id);
+      else
+    warned = warning (OPT_Wimplicit_function_declaration,
+              G_("implicit declaration of function %qE"), id);
+      if (olddecl && warned)
+    locate_old_decl (olddecl);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Generate an implicit declaration for identifier FUNCTIONID at LOC as a
+   function of type int ().  */
+
+#ifndef noCbC
+tree
+implicitly_declare (location_t loc, tree functionid, int fun)
+#else
+tree
+implicitly_declare (location_t loc, tree functionid)
+#endif
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+  tree decl = 0;
+  tree asmspec_tree;
+
+  for (b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (functionid); b; b = b->shadowed)
+    {
+      if (B_IN_SCOPE (b, external_scope))
+    {
+      decl = b->decl;
+      break;
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (decl)
+    {
+      if (decl == error_mark_node)
+    return decl;
+
+      /* FIXME: Objective-C has weird not-really-builtin functions
+     which are supposed to be visible automatically.  They wind up
+     in the external scope because they're pushed before the file
+     scope gets created.  Catch this here and rebind them into the
+     file scope.  */
+      if (!DECL_BUILT_IN (decl) && DECL_IS_BUILTIN (decl))
+    {
+      bind (functionid, decl, file_scope,
+        /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/true,
+        DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl));
+      return decl;
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      tree newtype = default_function_type;
+      if (b->u.type)
+        TREE_TYPE (decl) = b->u.type;
+      /* Implicit declaration of a function already declared
+         (somehow) in a different scope, or as a built-in.
+         If this is the first time this has happened, warn;
+         then recycle the old declaration but with the new type.  */
+      if (!C_DECL_IMPLICIT (decl))
+        {
+          implicit_decl_warning (functionid, decl);
+          C_DECL_IMPLICIT (decl) = 1;
+        }
+      if (DECL_BUILT_IN (decl))
+        {
+          newtype = build_type_attribute_variant (newtype,
+                              TYPE_ATTRIBUTES
+                              (TREE_TYPE (decl)));
+          if (!comptypes (newtype, TREE_TYPE (decl)))
+        {
+          warning_at (loc, 0, "incompatible implicit declaration of "
+                  "built-in function %qD", decl);
+          newtype = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+        }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          if (!comptypes (newtype, TREE_TYPE (decl)))
+        {
+          error_at (loc, "incompatible implicit declaration of function %qD", decl);
+          locate_old_decl (decl);
+        }
+        }
+      b->u.type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+      TREE_TYPE (decl) = newtype;
+      bind (functionid, decl, current_scope,
+        /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/true,
+        DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl));
+      return decl;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Not seen before.  */
+#ifndef noCbC
+  decl = build_decl (loc, FUNCTION_DECL, functionid,
+    fun==RID_CbC_CODE?build_function_type (void_type_node, NULL_TREE):default_function_type);
+#else
+  decl = build_decl (loc, FUNCTION_DECL, functionid, default_function_type);
+#endif
+  DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
+  TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 1;
+  C_DECL_IMPLICIT (decl) = 1;
+  implicit_decl_warning (functionid, 0);
+  asmspec_tree = maybe_apply_renaming_pragma (decl, /*asmname=*/NULL);
+  if (asmspec_tree)
+    set_user_assembler_name (decl, TREE_STRING_POINTER (asmspec_tree));
+
+  /* C89 says implicit declarations are in the innermost block.
+     So we record the decl in the standard fashion.  */
+  decl = pushdecl (decl);
+
+  /* No need to call objc_check_decl here - it's a function type.  */
+  rest_of_decl_compilation (decl, 0, 0);
+
+  /* Write a record describing this implicit function declaration
+     to the prototypes file (if requested).  */
+  gen_aux_info_record (decl, 0, 1, 0);
+
+  /* Possibly apply some default attributes to this implicit declaration.  */
+  decl_attributes (&decl, NULL_TREE, 0);
+
+  return decl;
+}
+
+/* Issue an error message for a reference to an undeclared variable
+   ID, including a reference to a builtin outside of function-call
+   context.  Establish a binding of the identifier to error_mark_node
+   in an appropriate scope, which will suppress further errors for the
+   same identifier.  The error message should be given location LOC.  */
+void
+undeclared_variable (location_t loc, tree id)
+{
+  static bool already = false;
+  struct c_scope *scope;
+
+  if (current_function_decl == 0)
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "%qE undeclared here (not in a function)", id);
+      scope = current_scope;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "%qE undeclared (first use in this function)", id);
+
+      if (!already)
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "(Each undeclared identifier is reported only once");
+      error_at (loc, "for each function it appears in.)");
+      already = true;
+    }
+
+      /* If we are parsing old-style parameter decls, current_function_decl
+     will be nonnull but current_function_scope will be null.  */
+      scope = current_function_scope ? current_function_scope : current_scope;
+    }
+  bind (id, error_mark_node, scope, /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false,
+    UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of lookup_label, declare_label, define_label: construct a
+   LABEL_DECL with all the proper frills.  Also create a struct
+   c_label_vars initialized for the current scope.  */
+
+static tree
+make_label (location_t location, tree name, bool defining,
+        struct c_label_vars **p_label_vars)
+{
+  tree label = build_decl (location, LABEL_DECL, name, void_type_node);
+  struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+
+  DECL_CONTEXT (label) = current_function_decl;
+  DECL_MODE (label) = VOIDmode;
+
+  label_vars = GGC_NEW (struct c_label_vars);
+  label_vars->shadowed = NULL;
+  set_spot_bindings (&label_vars->label_bindings, defining);
+  label_vars->decls_in_scope = make_tree_vector ();
+  label_vars->gotos = VEC_alloc (c_goto_bindings_p, gc, 0);
+  *p_label_vars = label_vars;
+
+  return label;
+}
+
+/* Get the LABEL_DECL corresponding to identifier NAME as a label.
+   Create one if none exists so far for the current function.
+   This is called when a label is used in a goto expression or
+   has its address taken.  */
+
+tree
+lookup_label (tree name)
+{
+  tree label;
+  struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+
+  if (current_function_decl == 0)
+    {
+      error ("label %qE referenced outside of any function", name);
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Use a label already defined or ref'd with this name, but not if
+     it is inherited from a containing function and wasn't declared
+     using __label__.  */
+  label = I_LABEL_DECL (name);
+  if (label && (DECL_CONTEXT (label) == current_function_decl
+        || C_DECLARED_LABEL_FLAG (label)))
+    {
+      /* If the label has only been declared, update its apparent
+     location to point here, for better diagnostics if it
+     turns out not to have been defined.  */
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (label) == NULL_TREE)
+    DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (label) = input_location;
+      return label;
+    }
+
+  /* No label binding for that identifier; make one.  */
+  label = make_label (input_location, name, false, &label_vars);
+
+  /* Ordinary labels go in the current function scope.  */
+  bind_label (name, label, current_function_scope, label_vars);
+
+  return label;
+}
+
+/* Issue a warning about DECL for a goto statement at GOTO_LOC going
+   to LABEL.  */
+
+static void
+warn_about_goto (location_t goto_loc, tree label, tree decl)
+{
+  if (variably_modified_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl), NULL_TREE))
+    error_at (goto_loc,
+          "jump into scope of identifier with variably modified type");
+  else
+    warning_at (goto_loc, OPT_Wjump_misses_init,
+        "jump skips variable initialization");
+  inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (label), "label %qD defined here", label);
+  inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl), "%qD declared here", decl);
+}
+
+/* Look up a label because of a goto statement.  This is like
+   lookup_label, but also issues any appropriate warnings.  */
+
+tree
+lookup_label_for_goto (location_t loc, tree name)
+{
+  tree label;
+  struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+  unsigned int ix;
+  tree decl;
+
+  label = lookup_label (name);
+  if (label == NULL_TREE)
+    return NULL_TREE;
+
+  /* If we are jumping to a different function, we can't issue any
+     useful warnings.  */
+  if (DECL_CONTEXT (label) != current_function_decl)
+    {
+      gcc_assert (C_DECLARED_LABEL_FLAG (label));
+      return label;
+    }
+
+  label_vars = I_LABEL_BINDING (name)->u.label;
+
+  /* If the label has not yet been defined, then push this goto on a
+     list for possible later warnings.  */
+  if (label_vars->label_bindings.scope == NULL)
+    {
+      struct c_goto_bindings *g;
+
+      g = GGC_NEW (struct c_goto_bindings);
+      g->loc = loc;
+      set_spot_bindings (&g->goto_bindings, true);
+      VEC_safe_push (c_goto_bindings_p, gc, label_vars->gotos, g);
+      return label;
+    }
+
+  /* If there are any decls in label_vars->decls_in_scope, then this
+     goto has missed the declaration of the decl.  This happens for a
+     case like
+       int i = 1;
+      lab:
+       ...
+       goto lab;
+     Issue a warning or error.  */
+  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (tree, label_vars->decls_in_scope, ix, decl); ++ix)
+    warn_about_goto (loc, label, decl);
+
+  if (label_vars->label_bindings.left_stmt_expr)
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "jump into statement expression");
+      inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (label), "label %qD defined here", label);
+    }
+
+  return label;
+}
+
+/* Make a label named NAME in the current function, shadowing silently
+   any that may be inherited from containing functions or containing
+   scopes.  This is called for __label__ declarations.  */
+
+tree
+declare_label (tree name)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b = I_LABEL_BINDING (name);
+  tree label;
+  struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+
+  /* Check to make sure that the label hasn't already been declared
+     at this scope */
+  if (b && B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE (b))
+    {
+      error ("duplicate label declaration %qE", name);
+      locate_old_decl (b->decl);
+
+      /* Just use the previous declaration.  */
+      return b->decl;
+    }
+
+  label = make_label (input_location, name, false, &label_vars);
+  C_DECLARED_LABEL_FLAG (label) = 1;
+
+  /* Declared labels go in the current scope.  */
+  bind_label (name, label, current_scope, label_vars);
+
+  return label;
+}
+
+/* When we define a label, issue any appropriate warnings if there are
+   any gotos earlier in the function which jump to this label.  */
+
+static void
+check_earlier_gotos (tree label, struct c_label_vars* label_vars)
+{
+  unsigned int ix;
+  struct c_goto_bindings *g;
+
+  for (ix = 0;
+       VEC_iterate (c_goto_bindings_p, label_vars->gotos, ix, g);
+       ++ix)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b;
+      struct c_scope *scope;
+
+      /* We have a goto to this label.  The goto is going forward.  In
+     g->scope, the goto is going to skip any binding which was
+     defined after g->bindings_in_scope.  */
+      for (b = g->goto_bindings.scope->bindings;
+       b != g->goto_bindings.bindings_in_scope;
+       b = b->prev)
+    {
+      if (decl_jump_unsafe (b->decl))
+        warn_about_goto (g->loc, label, b->decl);
+    }
+
+      /* We also need to warn about decls defined in any scopes
+     between the scope of the label and the scope of the goto.  */
+      for (scope = label_vars->label_bindings.scope;
+       scope != g->goto_bindings.scope;
+       scope = scope->outer)
+    {
+      gcc_assert (scope != NULL);
+      if (scope == label_vars->label_bindings.scope)
+        b = label_vars->label_bindings.bindings_in_scope;
+      else
+        b = scope->bindings;
+      for (; b != NULL; b = b->prev)
+        {
+          if (decl_jump_unsafe (b->decl))
+        warn_about_goto (g->loc, label, b->decl);
+        }
+    }
+
+      if (g->goto_bindings.stmt_exprs > 0)
+    {
+      error_at (g->loc, "jump into statement expression");
+      inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (label), "label %qD defined here",
+          label);
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Now that the label is defined, we will issue warnings about
+     subsequent gotos to this label when we see them.  */
+  VEC_truncate (c_goto_bindings_p, label_vars->gotos, 0);
+  label_vars->gotos = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Define a label, specifying the location in the source file.
+   Return the LABEL_DECL node for the label, if the definition is valid.
+   Otherwise return 0.  */
+
+tree
+define_label (location_t location, tree name)
+{
+  /* Find any preexisting label with this name.  It is an error
+     if that label has already been defined in this function, or
+     if there is a containing function with a declared label with
+     the same name.  */
+  tree label = I_LABEL_DECL (name);
+
+  if (label
+      && ((DECL_CONTEXT (label) == current_function_decl
+       && DECL_INITIAL (label) != 0)
+      || (DECL_CONTEXT (label) != current_function_decl
+          && C_DECLARED_LABEL_FLAG (label))))
+    {
+      error_at (location, "duplicate label %qD", label);
+      locate_old_decl (label);
+      return 0;
+    }
+  else if (label && DECL_CONTEXT (label) == current_function_decl)
+    {
+      struct c_label_vars *label_vars = I_LABEL_BINDING (name)->u.label;
+
+      /* The label has been used or declared already in this function,
+     but not defined.  Update its location to point to this
+     definition.  */
+      DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (label) = location;
+      set_spot_bindings (&label_vars->label_bindings, true);
+
+      /* Issue warnings as required about any goto statements from
+     earlier in the function.  */
+      check_earlier_gotos (label, label_vars);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      struct c_label_vars *label_vars;
+
+      /* No label binding for that identifier; make one.  */
+      label = make_label (location, name, true, &label_vars);
+
+      /* Ordinary labels go in the current function scope.  */
+      bind_label (name, label, current_function_scope, label_vars);
+    }
+
+  if (!in_system_header && lookup_name (name))
+    warning_at (location, OPT_Wtraditional,
+        "traditional C lacks a separate namespace "
+        "for labels, identifier %qE conflicts", name);
+
+  /* Mark label as having been defined.  */
+  DECL_INITIAL (label) = error_mark_node;
+  return label;
+}
+
+/* Get the bindings for a new switch statement.  This is used to issue
+   warnings as appropriate for jumps from the switch to case or
+   default labels.  */
+
+struct c_spot_bindings *
+c_get_switch_bindings (void)
+{
+  struct c_spot_bindings *switch_bindings;
+
+  switch_bindings = XNEW (struct c_spot_bindings);
+  set_spot_bindings (switch_bindings, true);
+  return switch_bindings;
+}
+
+void
+c_release_switch_bindings (struct c_spot_bindings *bindings)
+{
+  gcc_assert (bindings->stmt_exprs == 0 && !bindings->left_stmt_expr);
+  XDELETE (bindings);
+}
+
+/* This is called at the point of a case or default label to issue
+   warnings about decls as needed.  It returns true if it found an
+   error, not just a warning.  */
+
+bool
+c_check_switch_jump_warnings (struct c_spot_bindings *switch_bindings,
+                  location_t switch_loc, location_t case_loc)
+{
+  bool saw_error;
+  struct c_scope *scope;
+
+  saw_error = false;
+  for (scope = current_scope;
+       scope != switch_bindings->scope;
+       scope = scope->outer)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b;
+
+      gcc_assert (scope != NULL);
+      for (b = scope->bindings; b != NULL; b = b->prev)
+    {
+      if (decl_jump_unsafe (b->decl))
+        {
+          if (variably_modified_type_p (TREE_TYPE (b->decl), NULL_TREE))
+        {
+          saw_error = true;
+          error_at (case_loc,
+                ("switch jumps into scope of identifier with "
+                 "variably modified type"));
+        }
+          else
+        warning_at (case_loc, OPT_Wjump_misses_init,
+                "switch jumps over variable initialization");
+          inform (switch_loc, "switch starts here");
+          inform (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (b->decl), "%qD declared here",
+              b->decl);
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (switch_bindings->stmt_exprs > 0)
+    {
+      saw_error = true;
+      error_at (case_loc, "switch jumps into statement expression");
+      inform (switch_loc, "switch starts here");
+    }
+
+  return saw_error;
+}
+
+/* Given NAME, an IDENTIFIER_NODE,
+   return the structure (or union or enum) definition for that name.
+   If THISLEVEL_ONLY is nonzero, searches only the current_scope.
+   CODE says which kind of type the caller wants;
+   it is RECORD_TYPE or UNION_TYPE or ENUMERAL_TYPE.
+   If PLOC is not NULL and this returns non-null, it sets *PLOC to the
+   location where the tag was defined.
+   If the wrong kind of type is found, an error is reported.  */
+
+static tree
+lookup_tag (enum tree_code code, tree name, int thislevel_only,
+        location_t *ploc)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b = I_TAG_BINDING (name);
+  int thislevel = 0;
+
+  if (!b || !b->decl)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* We only care about whether it's in this level if
+     thislevel_only was set or it might be a type clash.  */
+  if (thislevel_only || TREE_CODE (b->decl) != code)
+    {
+      /* For our purposes, a tag in the external scope is the same as
+     a tag in the file scope.  (Primarily relevant to Objective-C
+     and its builtin structure tags, which get pushed before the
+     file scope is created.)  */
+      if (B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE (b)
+      || (current_scope == file_scope && B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b)))
+    thislevel = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (thislevel_only && !thislevel)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (b->decl) != code)
+    {
+      /* Definition isn't the kind we were looking for.  */
+      pending_invalid_xref = name;
+      pending_invalid_xref_location = input_location;
+
+      /* If in the same binding level as a declaration as a tag
+     of a different type, this must not be allowed to
+     shadow that tag, so give the error immediately.
+     (For example, "struct foo; union foo;" is invalid.)  */
+      if (thislevel)
+    pending_xref_error ();
+    }
+
+  if (ploc != NULL)
+    *ploc = b->locus;
+
+  return b->decl;
+}
+
+/* Print an error message now
+   for a recent invalid struct, union or enum cross reference.
+   We don't print them immediately because they are not invalid
+   when used in the `struct foo;' construct for shadowing.  */
+
+void
+pending_xref_error (void)
+{
+  if (pending_invalid_xref != 0)
+    error_at (pending_invalid_xref_location, "%qE defined as wrong kind of tag",
+          pending_invalid_xref);
+  pending_invalid_xref = 0;
+}
+
+
+/* Look up NAME in the current scope and its superiors
+   in the namespace of variables, functions and typedefs.
+   Return a ..._DECL node of some kind representing its definition,
+   or return 0 if it is undefined.  */
+
+tree
+lookup_name (tree name)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (name);
+  if (b && !b->invisible)
+    return b->decl;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Similar to `lookup_name' but look only at the indicated scope.  */
+
+static tree
+lookup_name_in_scope (tree name, struct c_scope *scope)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  for (b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (name); b; b = b->shadowed)
+    if (B_IN_SCOPE (b, scope))
+      return b->decl;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Create the predefined scalar types of C,
+   and some nodes representing standard constants (0, 1, (void *) 0).
+   Initialize the global scope.
+   Make definitions for built-in primitive functions.  */
+
+void
+c_init_decl_processing (void)
+{
+  location_t save_loc = input_location;
+
+  /* Initialize reserved words for parser.  */
+  c_parse_init ();
+
+  current_function_decl = 0;
+
+  gcc_obstack_init (&parser_obstack);
+
+  /* Make the externals scope.  */
+  push_scope ();
+  external_scope = current_scope;
+
+  /* Declarations from c_common_nodes_and_builtins must not be associated
+     with this input file, lest we get differences between using and not
+     using preprocessed headers.  */
+  input_location = BUILTINS_LOCATION;
+
+  build_common_tree_nodes (flag_signed_char, false);
+
+  c_common_nodes_and_builtins ();
+
+  /* In C, comparisons and TRUTH_* expressions have type int.  */
+  truthvalue_type_node = integer_type_node;
+  truthvalue_true_node = integer_one_node;
+  truthvalue_false_node = integer_zero_node;
+
+  /* Even in C99, which has a real boolean type.  */
+  pushdecl (build_decl (UNKNOWN_LOCATION, TYPE_DECL, get_identifier ("_Bool"),
+            boolean_type_node));
+
+  input_location = save_loc;
+
+  pedantic_lvalues = true;
+
+  make_fname_decl = c_make_fname_decl;
+  start_fname_decls ();
+}
+
+/* Create the VAR_DECL at LOC for __FUNCTION__ etc. ID is the name to
+   give the decl, NAME is the initialization string and TYPE_DEP
+   indicates whether NAME depended on the type of the function.  As we
+   don't yet implement delayed emission of static data, we mark the
+   decl as emitted so it is not placed in the output.  Anything using
+   it must therefore pull out the STRING_CST initializer directly.
+   FIXME.  */
+
+static tree
+c_make_fname_decl (location_t loc, tree id, int type_dep)
+{
+  const char *name = fname_as_string (type_dep);
+  tree decl, type, init;
+  size_t length = strlen (name);
+
+  type = build_array_type (char_type_node,
+               build_index_type (size_int (length)));
+  type = c_build_qualified_type (type, TYPE_QUAL_CONST);
+
+  decl = build_decl (loc, VAR_DECL, id, type);
+
+  TREE_STATIC (decl) = 1;
+  TREE_READONLY (decl) = 1;
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
+
+  init = build_string (length + 1, name);
+  free (CONST_CAST (char *, name));
+  TREE_TYPE (init) = type;
+  DECL_INITIAL (decl) = init;
+
+  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
+
+  if (current_function_decl
+      /* For invalid programs like this:
+
+         void foo()
+         const char* p = __FUNCTION__;
+
+     the __FUNCTION__ is believed to appear in K&R style function
+     parameter declarator.  In that case we still don't have
+     function_scope.  */
+      && (!errorcount || current_function_scope))
+    {
+      DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
+      bind (id, decl, current_function_scope,
+        /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+  finish_decl (decl, loc, init, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+
+  return decl;
+}
+
+tree
+c_builtin_function (tree decl)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+  tree   id = DECL_NAME (decl);
+
+  const char *name = IDENTIFIER_POINTER (id);
+  C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (decl) = (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type) != 0);
+
+  /* Should never be called on a symbol with a preexisting meaning.  */
+  gcc_assert (!I_SYMBOL_BINDING (id));
+
+  bind (id, decl, external_scope, /*invisible=*/true, /*nested=*/false,
+    UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+
+  /* Builtins in the implementation namespace are made visible without
+     needing to be explicitly declared.  See push_file_scope.  */
+  if (name[0] == '_' && (name[1] == '_' || ISUPPER (name[1])))
+    {
+      TREE_CHAIN (decl) = visible_builtins;
+      visible_builtins = decl;
+    }
+
+  return decl;
+}
+
+tree
+c_builtin_function_ext_scope (tree decl)
+{
+  tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+  tree   id = DECL_NAME (decl);
+
+  const char *name = IDENTIFIER_POINTER (id);
+  C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (decl) = (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (type) != 0);
+
+  /* Should never be called on a symbol with a preexisting meaning.  */
+  gcc_assert (!I_SYMBOL_BINDING (id));
+
+  bind (id, decl, external_scope, /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false,
+    UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+
+  /* Builtins in the implementation namespace are made visible without
+     needing to be explicitly declared.  See push_file_scope.  */
+  if (name[0] == '_' && (name[1] == '_' || ISUPPER (name[1])))
+    {
+      TREE_CHAIN (decl) = visible_builtins;
+      visible_builtins = decl;
+    }
+
+  return decl;
+}
+
+/* Called when a declaration is seen that contains no names to declare.
+   If its type is a reference to a structure, union or enum inherited
+   from a containing scope, shadow that tag name for the current scope
+   with a forward reference.
+   If its type defines a new named structure or union
+   or defines an enum, it is valid but we need not do anything here.
+   Otherwise, it is an error.  */
+
+void
+shadow_tag (const struct c_declspecs *declspecs)
+{
+  shadow_tag_warned (declspecs, 0);
+}
+
+/* WARNED is 1 if we have done a pedwarn, 2 if we have done a warning,
+   but no pedwarn.  */
+void
+shadow_tag_warned (const struct c_declspecs *declspecs, int warned)
+{
+  bool found_tag = false;
+
+  if (declspecs->type && !declspecs->default_int_p && !declspecs->typedef_p)
+    {
+      tree value = declspecs->type;
+      enum tree_code code = TREE_CODE (value);
+
+      if (code == RECORD_TYPE || code == UNION_TYPE || code == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+    /* Used to test also that TYPE_SIZE (value) != 0.
+       That caused warning for `struct foo;' at top level in the file.  */
+    {
+      tree name = TYPE_NAME (value);
+      tree t;
+
+      found_tag = true;
+
+      if (declspecs->restrict_p)
+        {
+          error ("invalid use of %<restrict%>");
+          warned = 1;
+        }
+
+      if (name == 0)
+        {
+          if (warned != 1 && code != ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+        /* Empty unnamed enum OK */
+        {
+          pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+               "unnamed struct/union that defines no instances");
+          warned = 1;
+        }
+        }
+      else if (!declspecs->tag_defined_p
+           && declspecs->storage_class != csc_none)
+        {
+          if (warned != 1)
+        pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+             "empty declaration with storage class specifier "
+             "does not redeclare tag");
+          warned = 1;
+          pending_xref_error ();
+        }
+      else if (!declspecs->tag_defined_p
+           && (declspecs->const_p
+               || declspecs->volatile_p
+               || declspecs->restrict_p
+               || declspecs->address_space))
+        {
+          if (warned != 1)
+        pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+             "empty declaration with type qualifier "
+              "does not redeclare tag");
+          warned = 1;
+          pending_xref_error ();
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          pending_invalid_xref = 0;
+          t = lookup_tag (code, name, 1, NULL);
+
+          if (t == 0)
+        {
+          t = make_node (code);
+          pushtag (input_location, name, t);
+        }
+        }
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      if (warned != 1 && !in_system_header)
+        {
+          pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+               "useless type name in empty declaration");
+          warned = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+  else if (warned != 1 && !in_system_header && declspecs->typedef_p)
+    {
+      pedwarn (input_location, 0, "useless type name in empty declaration");
+      warned = 1;
+    }
+
+  pending_invalid_xref = 0;
+
+  if (declspecs->inline_p)
+    {
+      error ("%<inline%> in empty declaration");
+      warned = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (current_scope == file_scope && declspecs->storage_class == csc_auto)
+    {
+      error ("%<auto%> in file-scope empty declaration");
+      warned = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (current_scope == file_scope && declspecs->storage_class == csc_register)
+    {
+      error ("%<register%> in file-scope empty declaration");
+      warned = 1;
+    }
+
+  if (!warned && !in_system_header && declspecs->storage_class != csc_none)
+    {
+      warning (0, "useless storage class specifier in empty declaration");
+      warned = 2;
+    }
+
+  if (!warned && !in_system_header && declspecs->thread_p)
+    {
+      warning (0, "useless %<__thread%> in empty declaration");
+      warned = 2;
+    }
+
+  if (!warned && !in_system_header && (declspecs->const_p
+                       || declspecs->volatile_p
+                       || declspecs->restrict_p
+                       || declspecs->address_space))
+    {
+      warning (0, "useless type qualifier in empty declaration");
+      warned = 2;
+    }
+
+  if (warned != 1)
+    {
+      if (!found_tag)
+    pedwarn (input_location, 0, "empty declaration");
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* Return the qualifiers from SPECS as a bitwise OR of TYPE_QUAL_*
+   bits.  SPECS represents declaration specifiers that the grammar
+   only permits to contain type qualifiers and attributes.  */
+
+int
+quals_from_declspecs (const struct c_declspecs *specs)
+{
+  int quals = ((specs->const_p ? TYPE_QUAL_CONST : 0)
+           | (specs->volatile_p ? TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE : 0)
+           | (specs->restrict_p ? TYPE_QUAL_RESTRICT : 0)
+           | (ENCODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (specs->address_space)));
+  gcc_assert (!specs->type
+          && !specs->decl_attr
+          && specs->typespec_word == cts_none
+          && specs->storage_class == csc_none
+          && !specs->typedef_p
+          && !specs->explicit_signed_p
+          && !specs->deprecated_p
+          && !specs->long_p
+          && !specs->long_long_p
+          && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p
+          && !specs->unsigned_p
+          && !specs->complex_p
+          && !specs->inline_p
+          && !specs->thread_p);
+  return quals;
+}
+
+/* Construct an array declarator.  LOC is the location of the
+   beginning of the array (usually the opening brace).  EXPR is the
+   expression inside [], or NULL_TREE.  QUALS are the type qualifiers
+   inside the [] (to be applied to the pointer to which a parameter
+   array is converted).  STATIC_P is true if "static" is inside the
+   [], false otherwise.  VLA_UNSPEC_P is true if the array is [*], a
+   VLA of unspecified length which is nevertheless a complete type,
+   false otherwise.  The field for the contained declarator is left to
+   be filled in by set_array_declarator_inner.  */
+
+struct c_declarator *
+build_array_declarator (location_t loc,
+            tree expr, struct c_declspecs *quals, bool static_p,
+            bool vla_unspec_p)
+{
+  struct c_declarator *declarator = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack,
+                        struct c_declarator);
+  declarator->id_loc = loc;
+  declarator->kind = cdk_array;
+  declarator->declarator = 0;
+  declarator->u.array.dimen = expr;
+  if (quals)
+    {
+      declarator->u.array.attrs = quals->attrs;
+      declarator->u.array.quals = quals_from_declspecs (quals);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      declarator->u.array.attrs = NULL_TREE;
+      declarator->u.array.quals = 0;
+    }
+  declarator->u.array.static_p = static_p;
+  declarator->u.array.vla_unspec_p = vla_unspec_p;
+  if (!flag_isoc99)
+    {
+      if (static_p || quals != NULL)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+         "ISO C90 does not support %<static%> or type "
+         "qualifiers in parameter array declarators");
+      if (vla_unspec_p)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+         "ISO C90 does not support %<[*]%> array declarators");
+    }
+  if (vla_unspec_p)
+    {
+      if (!current_scope->parm_flag)
+    {
+      /* C99 6.7.5.2p4 */
+      error_at (loc, "%<[*]%> not allowed in other than "
+            "function prototype scope");
+      declarator->u.array.vla_unspec_p = false;
+      return NULL;
+    }
+      current_scope->had_vla_unspec = true;
+    }
+  return declarator;
+}
+
+/* Set the contained declarator of an array declarator.  DECL is the
+   declarator, as constructed by build_array_declarator; INNER is what
+   appears on the left of the [].  */
+
+struct c_declarator *
+set_array_declarator_inner (struct c_declarator *decl,
+                struct c_declarator *inner)
+{
+  decl->declarator = inner;
+  return decl;
+}
+
+/* INIT is a constructor that forms DECL's initializer.  If the final
+   element initializes a flexible array field, add the size of that
+   initializer to DECL's size.  */
+
+static void
+add_flexible_array_elts_to_size (tree decl, tree init)
+{
+  tree elt, type;
+
+  if (VEC_empty (constructor_elt, CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (init)))
+    return;
+
+  elt = VEC_last (constructor_elt, CONSTRUCTOR_ELTS (init))->value;
+  type = TREE_TYPE (elt);
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_SIZE (type) == NULL_TREE
+      && TYPE_DOMAIN (type) != NULL_TREE
+      && TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (type)) == NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      complete_array_type (&type, elt, false);
+      DECL_SIZE (decl)
+    = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, DECL_SIZE (decl), TYPE_SIZE (type));
+      DECL_SIZE_UNIT (decl)
+    = size_binop (PLUS_EXPR, DECL_SIZE_UNIT (decl), TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type));
+    }
+}
+
+/* Decode a "typename", such as "int **", returning a ..._TYPE node.
+   Set *EXPR, if EXPR not NULL, to any expression to be evaluated
+   before the type name, and set *EXPR_CONST_OPERANDS, if
+   EXPR_CONST_OPERANDS not NULL, to indicate whether the type name may
+   appear in a constant expression.  */
+
+tree
+groktypename (struct c_type_name *type_name, tree *expr,
+          bool *expr_const_operands)
+{
+  tree type;
+  tree attrs = type_name->specs->attrs;
+
+  type_name->specs->attrs = NULL_TREE;
+
+  type = grokdeclarator (type_name->declarator, type_name->specs, TYPENAME,
+             false, NULL, &attrs, expr, expr_const_operands,
+             DEPRECATED_NORMAL);
+
+  /* Apply attributes.  */
+  decl_attributes (&type, attrs, 0);
+
+  return type;
+}
+
+/* Decode a declarator in an ordinary declaration or data definition.
+   This is called as soon as the type information and variable name
+   have been parsed, before parsing the initializer if any.
+   Here we create the ..._DECL node, fill in its type,
+   and put it on the list of decls for the current context.
+   The ..._DECL node is returned as the value.
+
+   Exception: for arrays where the length is not specified,
+   the type is left null, to be filled in by `finish_decl'.
+
+   Function definitions do not come here; they go to start_function
+   instead.  However, external and forward declarations of functions
+   do go through here.  Structure field declarations are done by
+   grokfield and not through here.  */
+
+tree
+start_decl (struct c_declarator *declarator, struct c_declspecs *declspecs,
+        bool initialized, tree attributes)
+{
+  tree decl;
+  tree tem;
+  tree expr = NULL_TREE;
+  enum deprecated_states deprecated_state = DEPRECATED_NORMAL;
+
+  /* An object declared as __attribute__((deprecated)) suppresses
+     warnings of uses of other deprecated items.  */
+  if (lookup_attribute ("deprecated", attributes))
+    deprecated_state = DEPRECATED_SUPPRESS;
+
+  decl = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs,
+             NORMAL, initialized, NULL, &attributes, &expr, NULL,
+             deprecated_state);
+  if (!decl)
+    return 0;
+
+  if (expr)
+    add_stmt (expr);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) != FUNCTION_DECL && MAIN_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (decl)))
+    warning (OPT_Wmain, "%q+D is usually a function", decl);
+
+  if (initialized)
+    /* Is it valid for this decl to have an initializer at all?
+       If not, set INITIALIZED to zero, which will indirectly
+       tell 'finish_decl' to ignore the initializer once it is parsed.  */
+    switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
+      {
+      case TYPE_DECL:
+    error ("typedef %qD is initialized (use __typeof__ instead)", decl);
+    initialized = 0;
+    break;
+
+      case FUNCTION_DECL:
+    error ("function %qD is initialized like a variable", decl);
+    initialized = 0;
+    break;
+
+      case PARM_DECL:
+    /* DECL_INITIAL in a PARM_DECL is really DECL_ARG_TYPE.  */
+    error ("parameter %qD is initialized", decl);
+    initialized = 0;
+    break;
+
+      default:
+    /* Don't allow initializations for incomplete types except for
+       arrays which might be completed by the initialization.  */
+
+    /* This can happen if the array size is an undefined macro.
+       We already gave a warning, so we don't need another one.  */
+    if (TREE_TYPE (decl) == error_mark_node)
+      initialized = 0;
+    else if (COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
+      {
+        /* A complete type is ok if size is fixed.  */
+
+        if (TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (decl))) != INTEGER_CST
+        || C_DECL_VARIABLE_SIZE (decl))
+          {
+        error ("variable-sized object may not be initialized");
+        initialized = 0;
+          }
+      }
+    else if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != ARRAY_TYPE)
+      {
+        error ("variable %qD has initializer but incomplete type", decl);
+        initialized = 0;
+      }
+    else if (C_DECL_VARIABLE_SIZE (decl))
+      {
+        /* Although C99 is unclear about whether incomplete arrays
+           of VLAs themselves count as VLAs, it does not make
+           sense to permit them to be initialized given that
+           ordinary VLAs may not be initialized.  */
+        error ("variable-sized object may not be initialized");
+        initialized = 0;
+      }
+      }
+
+  if (initialized)
+    {
+      if (current_scope == file_scope)
+    TREE_STATIC (decl) = 1;
+
+      /* Tell 'pushdecl' this is an initialized decl
+     even though we don't yet have the initializer expression.
+     Also tell 'finish_decl' it may store the real initializer.  */
+      DECL_INITIAL (decl) = error_mark_node;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a function declaration, write a record describing it to the
+     prototypes file (if requested).  */
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    gen_aux_info_record (decl, 0, 0, TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl)) != 0);
+
+  /* ANSI specifies that a tentative definition which is not merged with
+     a non-tentative definition behaves exactly like a definition with an
+     initializer equal to zero.  (Section 3.7.2)
+
+     -fno-common gives strict ANSI behavior, though this tends to break
+     a large body of code that grew up without this rule.
+
+     Thread-local variables are never common, since there's no entrenched
+     body of code to break, and it allows more efficient variable references
+     in the presence of dynamic linking.  */
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && !initialized
+      && TREE_PUBLIC (decl)
+      && !DECL_THREAD_LOCAL_P (decl)
+      && !flag_no_common)
+    DECL_COMMON (decl) = 1;
+
+  /* Set attributes here so if duplicate decl, will have proper attributes.  */
+  decl_attributes (&decl, attributes, 0);
+
+  /* Handle gnu_inline attribute.  */
+  if (declspecs->inline_p
+      && !flag_gnu89_inline
+      && TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && (lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl))
+      || current_function_decl))
+    {
+      if (declspecs->storage_class == csc_auto && current_scope != file_scope)
+    ;
+      else if (declspecs->storage_class != csc_static)
+    DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl);
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && targetm.calls.promote_prototypes (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
+    {
+      struct c_declarator *ce = declarator;
+
+      if (ce->kind == cdk_pointer)
+    ce = declarator->declarator;
+      if (ce->kind == cdk_function)
+    {
+      tree args = ce->u.arg_info->parms;
+      for (; args; args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
+        {
+          tree type = TREE_TYPE (args);
+          if (type && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
+          && TYPE_PRECISION (type) < TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
+        DECL_ARG_TYPE (args) = integer_type_node;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (decl)
+      && DECL_UNINLINABLE (decl)
+      && lookup_attribute ("noinline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl)))
+    warning (OPT_Wattributes, "inline function %q+D given attribute noinline",
+         decl);
+
+  /* C99 6.7.4p3: An inline definition of a function with external
+     linkage shall not contain a definition of a modifiable object
+     with static storage duration...  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && current_scope != file_scope
+      && TREE_STATIC (decl)
+      && !TREE_READONLY (decl)
+      && DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (current_function_decl)
+      && DECL_EXTERNAL (current_function_decl))
+    record_inline_static (input_location, current_function_decl,
+              decl, csi_modifiable);
+
+  /* Add this decl to the current scope.
+     TEM may equal DECL or it may be a previous decl of the same name.  */
+  tem = pushdecl (decl);
+
+  if (initialized && DECL_EXTERNAL (tem))
+    {
+      DECL_EXTERNAL (tem) = 0;
+      TREE_STATIC (tem) = 1;
+    }
+
+  return tem;
+}
+
+/* Finish processing of a declaration;
+   install its initial value.
+   If ORIGTYPE is not NULL_TREE, it is the original type of INIT.
+   If the length of an array type is not known before,
+   it must be determined now, from the initial value, or it is an error.
+
+   INIT_LOC is the location of the initial value.  */
+
+void
+finish_decl (tree decl, location_t init_loc, tree init,
+             tree origtype, tree asmspec_tree)
+{
+  tree type;
+  bool was_incomplete = (DECL_SIZE (decl) == 0);
+  const char *asmspec = 0;
+
+  /* If a name was specified, get the string.  */
+  if ((TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL || TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
+      && DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl))
+    asmspec_tree = maybe_apply_renaming_pragma (decl, asmspec_tree);
+  if (asmspec_tree)
+    asmspec = TREE_STRING_POINTER (asmspec_tree);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && TREE_STATIC (decl)
+      && global_bindings_p ())
+    /* So decl is a global variable. Record the types it uses
+       so that we can decide later to emit debug info for them.  */
+    record_types_used_by_current_var_decl (decl);
+
+  /* If `start_decl' didn't like having an initialization, ignore it now.  */
+  if (init != 0 && DECL_INITIAL (decl) == 0)
+    init = 0;
+
+  /* Don't crash if parm is initialized.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == PARM_DECL)
+    init = 0;
+
+  if (init)
+    store_init_value (init_loc, decl, init, origtype);
+
+  if (c_dialect_objc () && (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+                || TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+                || TREE_CODE (decl) == FIELD_DECL))
+    objc_check_decl (decl);
+
+  type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+
+  /* Deduce size of array from initialization, if not already known.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_DOMAIN (type) == 0
+      && TREE_CODE (decl) != TYPE_DECL)
+    {
+      bool do_default
+    = (TREE_STATIC (decl)
+       /* Even if pedantic, an external linkage array
+          may have incomplete type at first.  */
+       ? pedantic && !TREE_PUBLIC (decl)
+       : !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl));
+      int failure
+    = complete_array_type (&TREE_TYPE (decl), DECL_INITIAL (decl),
+                   do_default);
+
+      /* Get the completed type made by complete_array_type.  */
+      type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+
+      switch (failure)
+    {
+    case 1:
+      error ("initializer fails to determine size of %q+D", decl);
+      break;
+
+    case 2:
+      if (do_default)
+        error ("array size missing in %q+D", decl);
+      /* If a `static' var's size isn't known,
+         make it extern as well as static, so it does not get
+         allocated.
+         If it is not `static', then do not mark extern;
+         finish_incomplete_decl will give it a default size
+         and it will get allocated.  */
+      else if (!pedantic && TREE_STATIC (decl) && !TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
+        DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 1;
+      break;
+
+    case 3:
+      error ("zero or negative size array %q+D", decl);
+      break;
+
+    case 0:
+      /* For global variables, update the copy of the type that
+         exists in the binding.  */
+      if (TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
+        {
+          struct c_binding *b_ext = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (DECL_NAME (decl));
+          while (b_ext && !B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b_ext))
+        b_ext = b_ext->shadowed;
+          if (b_ext)
+        {
+          if (b_ext->u.type)
+            b_ext->u.type = composite_type (b_ext->u.type, type);
+          else
+            b_ext->u.type = type;
+        }
+        }
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (decl))
+    TREE_TYPE (DECL_INITIAL (decl)) = type;
+
+      layout_decl (decl, 0);
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL)
+    {
+      if (init && TREE_CODE (init) == CONSTRUCTOR)
+    add_flexible_array_elts_to_size (decl, init);
+
+      if (DECL_SIZE (decl) == 0 && TREE_TYPE (decl) != error_mark_node
+      && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
+    layout_decl (decl, 0);
+
+      if (DECL_SIZE (decl) == 0
+      /* Don't give an error if we already gave one earlier.  */
+      && TREE_TYPE (decl) != error_mark_node
+      && (TREE_STATIC (decl)
+          /* A static variable with an incomplete type
+         is an error if it is initialized.
+         Also if it is not file scope.
+         Otherwise, let it through, but if it is not `extern'
+         then it may cause an error message later.  */
+          ? (DECL_INITIAL (decl) != 0
+         || !DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl))
+          /* An automatic variable with an incomplete type
+         is an error.  */
+          : !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl)))
+     {
+       error ("storage size of %q+D isn%'t known", decl);
+       TREE_TYPE (decl) = error_mark_node;
+     }
+
+      if ((DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) || TREE_STATIC (decl))
+      && DECL_SIZE (decl) != 0)
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (DECL_SIZE (decl)) == INTEGER_CST)
+        constant_expression_warning (DECL_SIZE (decl));
+      else
+        {
+          error ("storage size of %q+D isn%'t constant", decl);
+          TREE_TYPE (decl) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+    }
+
+      if (TREE_USED (type))
+    TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a function and an assembler name is specified, reset DECL_RTL
+     so we can give it its new name.  Also, update built_in_decls if it
+     was a normal built-in.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL && asmspec)
+    {
+      if (DECL_BUILT_IN_CLASS (decl) == BUILT_IN_NORMAL)
+    set_builtin_user_assembler_name (decl, asmspec);
+      set_user_assembler_name (decl, asmspec);
+    }
+
+  /* If #pragma weak was used, mark the decl weak now.  */
+  maybe_apply_pragma_weak (decl);
+
+  /* Output the assembler code and/or RTL code for variables and functions,
+     unless the type is an undefined structure or union.
+     If not, it will get done when the type is completed.  */
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL || TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL)
+    {
+      /* Determine the ELF visibility.  */
+      if (TREE_PUBLIC (decl))
+    c_determine_visibility (decl);
+
+      /* This is a no-op in c-lang.c or something real in objc-act.c.  */
+      if (c_dialect_objc ())
+    objc_check_decl (decl);
+
+      if (asmspec)
+    {
+      /* If this is not a static variable, issue a warning.
+         It doesn't make any sense to give an ASMSPEC for an
+         ordinary, non-register local variable.  Historically,
+         GCC has accepted -- but ignored -- the ASMSPEC in
+         this case.  */
+      if (!DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl)
+          && TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+          && !C_DECL_REGISTER (decl)
+          && !TREE_STATIC (decl))
+        warning (0, "ignoring asm-specifier for non-static local "
+             "variable %q+D", decl);
+      else
+        set_user_assembler_name (decl, asmspec);
+    }
+
+      if (DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl))
+    {
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (decl) == NULL_TREE
+          || DECL_INITIAL (decl) == error_mark_node)
+        /* Don't output anything
+           when a tentative file-scope definition is seen.
+           But at end of compilation, do output code for them.  */
+        DECL_DEFER_OUTPUT (decl) = 1;
+      rest_of_decl_compilation (decl, true, 0);
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      /* In conjunction with an ASMSPEC, the `register'
+         keyword indicates that we should place the variable
+         in a particular register.  */
+      if (asmspec && C_DECL_REGISTER (decl))
+        {
+          DECL_HARD_REGISTER (decl) = 1;
+          /* This cannot be done for a structure with volatile
+         fields, on which DECL_REGISTER will have been
+         reset.  */
+          if (!DECL_REGISTER (decl))
+        error ("cannot put object with volatile field into register");
+        }
+
+      if (TREE_CODE (decl) != FUNCTION_DECL)
+        {
+          /* If we're building a variable sized type, and we might be
+         reachable other than via the top of the current binding
+         level, then create a new BIND_EXPR so that we deallocate
+         the object at the right time.  */
+          /* Note that DECL_SIZE can be null due to errors.  */
+          if (DECL_SIZE (decl)
+          && !TREE_CONSTANT (DECL_SIZE (decl))
+          && STATEMENT_LIST_HAS_LABEL (cur_stmt_list))
+        {
+          tree bind;
+          bind = build3 (BIND_EXPR, void_type_node, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+          TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (bind) = 1;
+          add_stmt (bind);
+          BIND_EXPR_BODY (bind) = push_stmt_list ();
+        }
+          add_stmt (build_stmt (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+                    DECL_EXPR, decl));
+        }
+    }
+
+
+      if (!DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl))
+    {
+      /* Recompute the RTL of a local array now
+         if it used to be an incomplete type.  */
+      if (was_incomplete
+          && !TREE_STATIC (decl) && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
+        {
+          /* If we used it already as memory, it must stay in memory.  */
+          TREE_ADDRESSABLE (decl) = TREE_USED (decl);
+          /* If it's still incomplete now, no init will save it.  */
+          if (DECL_SIZE (decl) == 0)
+        DECL_INITIAL (decl) = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == TYPE_DECL)
+    {
+      if (!DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl)
+      && variably_modified_type_p (TREE_TYPE (decl), NULL_TREE))
+    add_stmt (build_stmt (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl), DECL_EXPR, decl));
+
+      rest_of_decl_compilation (decl, DECL_FILE_SCOPE_P (decl), 0);
+    }
+
+  /* At the end of a declaration, throw away any variable type sizes
+     of types defined inside that declaration.  There is no use
+     computing them in the following function definition.  */
+  if (current_scope == file_scope)
+    get_pending_sizes ();
+
+  /* Install a cleanup (aka destructor) if one was given.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL && !TREE_STATIC (decl))
+    {
+      tree attr = lookup_attribute ("cleanup", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl));
+      if (attr)
+    {
+      tree cleanup_id = TREE_VALUE (TREE_VALUE (attr));
+      tree cleanup_decl = lookup_name (cleanup_id);
+      tree cleanup;
+      VEC(tree,gc) *vec;
+
+      /* Build "cleanup(&decl)" for the destructor.  */
+      cleanup = build_unary_op (input_location, ADDR_EXPR, decl, 0);
+      vec = VEC_alloc (tree, gc, 1);
+      VEC_quick_push (tree, vec, cleanup);
+      cleanup = build_function_call_vec (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+                             cleanup_decl, vec, NULL);
+      VEC_free (tree, gc, vec);
+
+      /* Don't warn about decl unused; the cleanup uses it.  */
+      TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
+      TREE_USED (cleanup_decl) = 1;
+
+      push_cleanup (decl, cleanup, false);
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (warn_cxx_compat
+      && TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+      && TREE_READONLY (decl)
+      && !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl)
+      && DECL_INITIAL (decl) == NULL_TREE)
+    warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl), OPT_Wc___compat,
+        "uninitialized const %qD is invalid in C++", decl);
+}
+
+/* Given a parsed parameter declaration, decode it into a PARM_DECL.  */
+
+tree
+grokparm (const struct c_parm *parm)
+{
+  tree attrs = parm->attrs;
+  tree decl = grokdeclarator (parm->declarator, parm->specs, PARM, false,
+                  NULL, &attrs, NULL, NULL, DEPRECATED_NORMAL);
+
+  decl_attributes (&decl, attrs, 0);
+
+  return decl;
+}
+
+/* Given a parsed parameter declaration, decode it into a PARM_DECL
+   and push that on the current scope.  */
+
+void
+push_parm_decl (const struct c_parm *parm)
+{
+  tree attrs = parm->attrs;
+  tree decl;
+
+  decl = grokdeclarator (parm->declarator, parm->specs, PARM, false, NULL,
+             &attrs, NULL, NULL, DEPRECATED_NORMAL);
+  decl_attributes (&decl, attrs, 0);
+
+  decl = pushdecl (decl);
+
+  finish_decl (decl, input_location, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+}
+
+/* Mark all the parameter declarations to date as forward decls.
+   Also diagnose use of this extension.  */
+
+void
+mark_forward_parm_decls (void)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  if (pedantic && !current_scope->warned_forward_parm_decls)
+    {
+      pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+           "ISO C forbids forward parameter declarations");
+      current_scope->warned_forward_parm_decls = true;
+    }
+
+  for (b = current_scope->bindings; b; b = b->prev)
+    if (TREE_CODE (b->decl) == PARM_DECL)
+      TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (b->decl) = 1;
+}
+
+/* Build a COMPOUND_LITERAL_EXPR.  TYPE is the type given in the compound
+   literal, which may be an incomplete array type completed by the
+   initializer; INIT is a CONSTRUCTOR at LOC that initializes the compound
+   literal.  NON_CONST is true if the initializers contain something
+   that cannot occur in a constant expression.  */
+
+tree
+build_compound_literal (location_t loc, tree type, tree init, bool non_const)
+{
+  /* We do not use start_decl here because we have a type, not a declarator;
+     and do not use finish_decl because the decl should be stored inside
+     the COMPOUND_LITERAL_EXPR rather than added elsewhere as a DECL_EXPR.  */
+  tree decl;
+  tree complit;
+  tree stmt;
+
+  if (type == error_mark_node)
+    return error_mark_node;
+
+  decl = build_decl (loc, VAR_DECL, NULL_TREE, type);
+  DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
+  TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = 0;
+  TREE_STATIC (decl) = (current_scope == file_scope);
+  DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
+  TREE_USED (decl) = 1;
+  TREE_TYPE (decl) = type;
+  TREE_READONLY (decl) = TYPE_READONLY (type);
+  store_init_value (loc, decl, init, NULL_TREE);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
+    {
+      int failure = complete_array_type (&TREE_TYPE (decl),
+                     DECL_INITIAL (decl), true);
+      gcc_assert (!failure);
+
+      type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+      TREE_TYPE (DECL_INITIAL (decl)) = type;
+    }
+
+  if (type == error_mark_node || !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
+    return error_mark_node;
+
+  stmt = build_stmt (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl), DECL_EXPR, decl);
+  complit = build1 (COMPOUND_LITERAL_EXPR, type, stmt);
+  TREE_SIDE_EFFECTS (complit) = 1;
+
+  layout_decl (decl, 0);
+
+  if (TREE_STATIC (decl))
+    {
+      /* This decl needs a name for the assembler output.  */
+      set_compound_literal_name (decl);
+      DECL_DEFER_OUTPUT (decl) = 1;
+      DECL_COMDAT (decl) = 1;
+      DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
+      DECL_IGNORED_P (decl) = 1;
+      pushdecl (decl);
+      rest_of_decl_compilation (decl, 1, 0);
+    }
+
+  if (non_const)
+    {
+      complit = build2 (C_MAYBE_CONST_EXPR, type, NULL, complit);
+      C_MAYBE_CONST_EXPR_NON_CONST (complit) = 1;
+    }
+
+  return complit;
+}
+
+/* Check the type of a compound literal.  Here we just check that it
+   is valid for C++.  */
+
+void
+check_compound_literal_type (location_t loc, struct c_type_name *type_name)
+{
+  if (warn_cxx_compat && type_name->specs->tag_defined_p)
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+        "defining a type in a compound literal is invalid in C++");
+}
+
+/* Determine whether TYPE is a structure with a flexible array member,
+   or a union containing such a structure (possibly recursively).  */
+
+static bool
+flexible_array_type_p (tree type)
+{
+  tree x;
+  switch (TREE_CODE (type))
+    {
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      x = TYPE_FIELDS (type);
+      if (x == NULL_TREE)
+    return false;
+      while (TREE_CHAIN (x) != NULL_TREE)
+    x = TREE_CHAIN (x);
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == NULL_TREE
+      && TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (x)) != NULL_TREE
+      && TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (x))) == NULL_TREE)
+    return true;
+      return false;
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+      for (x = TYPE_FIELDS (type); x != NULL_TREE; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    {
+      if (flexible_array_type_p (TREE_TYPE (x)))
+        return true;
+    }
+      return false;
+    default:
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Performs sanity checks on the TYPE and WIDTH of the bit-field NAME,
+   replacing with appropriate values if they are invalid.  */
+static void
+check_bitfield_type_and_width (tree *type, tree *width, tree orig_name)
+{
+  tree type_mv;
+  unsigned int max_width;
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT w;
+  const char *name = (orig_name
+              ? identifier_to_locale (IDENTIFIER_POINTER (orig_name))
+              : _("<anonymous>"));
+
+  /* Detect and ignore out of range field width and process valid
+     field widths.  */
+  if (!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (*width)))
+    {
+      error ("bit-field %qs width not an integer constant", name);
+      *width = integer_one_node;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (*width) != INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      *width = c_fully_fold (*width, false, NULL);
+      if (TREE_CODE (*width) == INTEGER_CST)
+        pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+             "bit-field %qs width not an integer constant expression",
+             name);
+    }
+      if (TREE_CODE (*width) != INTEGER_CST)
+    {
+      error ("bit-field %qs width not an integer constant", name);
+      *width = integer_one_node;
+    }
+      constant_expression_warning (*width);
+      if (tree_int_cst_sgn (*width) < 0)
+    {
+      error ("negative width in bit-field %qs", name);
+      *width = integer_one_node;
+    }
+      else if (integer_zerop (*width) && orig_name)
+    {
+      error ("zero width for bit-field %qs", name);
+      *width = integer_one_node;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Detect invalid bit-field type.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (*type) != INTEGER_TYPE
+      && TREE_CODE (*type) != BOOLEAN_TYPE
+      && TREE_CODE (*type) != ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+    {
+      error ("bit-field %qs has invalid type", name);
+      *type = unsigned_type_node;
+    }
+
+  type_mv = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (*type);
+  if (!in_system_header
+      && type_mv != integer_type_node
+      && type_mv != unsigned_type_node
+      && type_mv != boolean_type_node)
+    pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+         "type of bit-field %qs is a GCC extension", name);
+
+  max_width = TYPE_PRECISION (*type);
+
+  if (0 < compare_tree_int (*width, max_width))
+    {
+      error ("width of %qs exceeds its type", name);
+      w = max_width;
+      *width = build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, w);
+    }
+  else
+    w = tree_low_cst (*width, 1);
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (*type) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+    {
+      struct lang_type *lt = TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (*type);
+      if (!lt
+      || w < tree_int_cst_min_precision (lt->enum_min, TYPE_UNSIGNED (*type))
+      || w < tree_int_cst_min_precision (lt->enum_max, TYPE_UNSIGNED (*type)))
+    warning (0, "%qs is narrower than values of its type", name);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+/* Print warning about variable length array if necessary.  */
+
+static void
+warn_variable_length_array (tree name, tree size)
+{
+  int const_size = TREE_CONSTANT (size);
+
+  if (!flag_isoc99 && pedantic && warn_vla != 0)
+    {
+      if (const_size)
+    {
+      if (name)
+        pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wvla,
+             "ISO C90 forbids array %qE whose size "
+             "can%'t be evaluated",
+             name);
+      else
+        pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wvla, "ISO C90 forbids array whose size "
+             "can%'t be evaluated");
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      if (name)
+        pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wvla,
+             "ISO C90 forbids variable length array %qE",
+             name);
+      else
+        pedwarn (input_location, OPT_Wvla, "ISO C90 forbids variable length array");
+    }
+    }
+  else if (warn_vla > 0)
+    {
+      if (const_size)
+        {
+      if (name)
+        warning (OPT_Wvla,
+             "the size of array %qE can"
+             "%'t be evaluated", name);
+      else
+        warning (OPT_Wvla,
+             "the size of array can %'t be evaluated");
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      if (name)
+        warning (OPT_Wvla,
+             "variable length array %qE is used",
+             name);
+      else
+        warning (OPT_Wvla,
+             "variable length array is used");
+    }
+    }
+}
+
+/* Given a size SIZE that may not be a constant, return a SAVE_EXPR to
+   serve as the actual size-expression for a type or decl.  This is
+   like variable_size in stor-layout.c, but we make global_bindings_p
+   return negative to avoid calls to that function from outside the
+   front end resulting in errors at file scope, then call this version
+   instead from front-end code.  */
+
+static tree
+c_variable_size (tree size)
+{
+  tree save;
+
+  if (TREE_CONSTANT (size))
+    return size;
+
+  size = save_expr (size);
+
+  save = skip_simple_arithmetic (size);
+
+  if (cfun && cfun->dont_save_pending_sizes_p)
+    return size;
+
+  if (!global_bindings_p ())
+    put_pending_size (save);
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+/* Given declspecs and a declarator,
+   determine the name and type of the object declared
+   and construct a ..._DECL node for it.
+   (In one case we can return a ..._TYPE node instead.
+    For invalid input we sometimes return 0.)
+
+   DECLSPECS is a c_declspecs structure for the declaration specifiers.
+
+   DECL_CONTEXT says which syntactic context this declaration is in:
+     NORMAL for most contexts.  Make a VAR_DECL or FUNCTION_DECL or TYPE_DECL.
+     FUNCDEF for a function definition.  Like NORMAL but a few different
+      error messages in each case.  Return value may be zero meaning
+      this definition is too screwy to try to parse.
+     PARM for a parameter declaration (either within a function prototype
+      or before a function body).  Make a PARM_DECL, or return void_type_node.
+     TYPENAME if for a typename (in a cast or sizeof).
+      Don't make a DECL node; just return the ..._TYPE node.
+     FIELD for a struct or union field; make a FIELD_DECL.
+   INITIALIZED is true if the decl has an initializer.
+   WIDTH is non-NULL for bit-fields, and is a pointer to an INTEGER_CST node
+   representing the width of the bit-field.
+   DECL_ATTRS points to the list of attributes that should be added to this
+     decl.  Any nested attributes that belong on the decl itself will be
+     added to this list.
+   If EXPR is not NULL, any expressions that need to be evaluated as
+     part of evaluating variably modified types will be stored in *EXPR.
+   If EXPR_CONST_OPERANDS is not NULL, *EXPR_CONST_OPERANDS will be
+     set to indicate whether operands in *EXPR can be used in constant
+     expressions.
+   DEPRECATED_STATE is a deprecated_states value indicating whether
+   deprecation warnings should be suppressed.
+
+   In the TYPENAME case, DECLARATOR is really an absolute declarator.
+   It may also be so in the PARM case, for a prototype where the
+   argument type is specified but not the name.
+
+   This function is where the complicated C meanings of `static'
+   and `extern' are interpreted.  */
+
+static tree
+grokdeclarator (const struct c_declarator *declarator,
+        struct c_declspecs *declspecs,
+        enum decl_context decl_context, bool initialized, tree *width,
+        tree *decl_attrs, tree *expr, bool *expr_const_operands,
+        enum deprecated_states deprecated_state)
+{
+  tree type = declspecs->type;
+  bool threadp = declspecs->thread_p;
+  enum c_storage_class storage_class = declspecs->storage_class;
+  int constp;
+  int restrictp;
+  int volatilep;
+  int type_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
+  tree name = NULL_TREE;
+  bool funcdef_flag = false;
+  bool funcdef_syntax = false;
+  bool size_varies = false;
+  tree decl_attr = declspecs->decl_attr;
+  int array_ptr_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
+  tree array_ptr_attrs = NULL_TREE;
+  int array_parm_static = 0;
+  bool array_parm_vla_unspec_p = false;
+  tree returned_attrs = NULL_TREE;
+  bool bitfield = width != NULL;
+  tree element_type;
+  struct c_arg_info *arg_info = 0;
+  addr_space_t as1, as2, address_space;
+  location_t loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
+  const char *errmsg;
+  tree expr_dummy;
+  bool expr_const_operands_dummy;
+
+  if (expr == NULL)
+    expr = &expr_dummy;
+  if (expr_const_operands == NULL)
+    expr_const_operands = &expr_const_operands_dummy;
+
+  *expr = declspecs->expr;
+  *expr_const_operands = declspecs->expr_const_operands;
+
+  if (decl_context == FUNCDEF)
+    funcdef_flag = true, decl_context = NORMAL;
+
+  /* Look inside a declarator for the name being declared
+     and get it as an IDENTIFIER_NODE, for an error message.  */
+  {
+    const struct c_declarator *decl = declarator;
+
+    while (decl)
+      switch (decl->kind)
+    {
+    case cdk_array:
+      loc = decl->id_loc;
+      /* FALL THRU.  */
+
+    case cdk_function:
+    case cdk_pointer:
+      funcdef_syntax = (decl->kind == cdk_function);
+      decl = decl->declarator;
+      break;
+
+    case cdk_attrs:
+      decl = decl->declarator;
+      break;
+
+    case cdk_id:
+      loc = decl->id_loc;
+      if (decl->u.id)
+        name = decl->u.id;
+      decl = 0;
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+    if (name == 0)
+      {
+    gcc_assert (decl_context == PARM
+            || decl_context == TYPENAME
+            || (decl_context == FIELD
+            && declarator->kind == cdk_id));
+    gcc_assert (!initialized);
+      }
+  }
+
+  /* A function definition's declarator must have the form of
+     a function declarator.  */
+
+  if (funcdef_flag && !funcdef_syntax)
+    return 0;
+
+  /* If this looks like a function definition, make it one,
+     even if it occurs where parms are expected.
+     Then store_parm_decls will reject it and not use it as a parm.  */
+  if (decl_context == NORMAL && !funcdef_flag && current_scope->parm_flag)
+    decl_context = PARM;
+
+  if (declspecs->deprecated_p && deprecated_state != DEPRECATED_SUPPRESS)
+    warn_deprecated_use (declspecs->type, declspecs->decl_attr);
+
+  if ((decl_context == NORMAL || decl_context == FIELD)
+      && current_scope == file_scope
+      && variably_modified_type_p (type, NULL_TREE))
+    {
+      if (name)
+    error_at (loc, "variably modified %qE at file scope", name);
+      else
+    error_at (loc, "variably modified field at file scope");
+      type = integer_type_node;
+    }
+
+  size_varies = C_TYPE_VARIABLE_SIZE (type) != 0;
+
+  /* Diagnose defaulting to "int".  */
+
+  if (declspecs->default_int_p && !in_system_header)
+    {
+      /* Issue a warning if this is an ISO C 99 program or if
+     -Wreturn-type and this is a function, or if -Wimplicit;
+     prefer the former warning since it is more explicit.  */
+      if ((warn_implicit_int || warn_return_type || flag_isoc99)
+      && funcdef_flag)
+    warn_about_return_type = 1;
+      else
+    {
+      if (name)
+        pedwarn_c99 (loc, flag_isoc99 ? 0 : OPT_Wimplicit_int,
+             "type defaults to %<int%> in declaration of %qE",
+             name);
+      else
+        pedwarn_c99 (input_location, flag_isoc99 ? 0 : OPT_Wimplicit_int,
+             "type defaults to %<int%> in type name");
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Adjust the type if a bit-field is being declared,
+     -funsigned-bitfields applied and the type is not explicitly
+     "signed".  */
+  if (bitfield && !flag_signed_bitfields && !declspecs->explicit_signed_p
+      && TREE_CODE (type) == INTEGER_TYPE)
+    type = unsigned_type_for (type);
+
+  /* Figure out the type qualifiers for the declaration.  There are
+     two ways a declaration can become qualified.  One is something
+     like `const int i' where the `const' is explicit.  Another is
+     something like `typedef const int CI; CI i' where the type of the
+     declaration contains the `const'.  A third possibility is that
+     there is a type qualifier on the element type of a typedefed
+     array type, in which case we should extract that qualifier so
+     that c_apply_type_quals_to_decl receives the full list of
+     qualifiers to work with (C90 is not entirely clear about whether
+     duplicate qualifiers should be diagnosed in this case, but it
+     seems most appropriate to do so).  */
+  element_type = strip_array_types (type);
+  constp = declspecs->const_p + TYPE_READONLY (element_type);
+  restrictp = declspecs->restrict_p + TYPE_RESTRICT (element_type);
+  volatilep = declspecs->volatile_p + TYPE_VOLATILE (element_type);
+  as1 = declspecs->address_space;
+  as2 = TYPE_ADDR_SPACE (element_type);
+  address_space = ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (as1)? as2 : as1;
+
+  if (pedantic && !flag_isoc99)
+    {
+      if (constp > 1)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "duplicate %<const%>");
+      if (restrictp > 1)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "duplicate %<restrict%>");
+      if (volatilep > 1)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "duplicate %<volatile%>");
+    }
+
+  if (!ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (as1) && !ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (as2) && as1 != as2)
+    error_at (loc, "conflicting named address spaces (%s vs %s)",
+          c_addr_space_name (as1), c_addr_space_name (as2));
+
+  if (!flag_gen_aux_info && (TYPE_QUALS (element_type)))
+    type = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type);
+  type_quals = ((constp ? TYPE_QUAL_CONST : 0)
+        | (restrictp ? TYPE_QUAL_RESTRICT : 0)
+        | (volatilep ? TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE : 0)
+        | ENCODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (address_space));
+
+  /* Warn about storage classes that are invalid for certain
+     kinds of declarations (parameters, typenames, etc.).  */
+
+  if (funcdef_flag
+      && (threadp
+      || storage_class == csc_auto
+      || storage_class == csc_register
+      || storage_class == csc_typedef))
+    {
+      if (storage_class == csc_auto)
+    pedwarn (loc,
+         (current_scope == file_scope) ? 0 : OPT_pedantic,
+         "function definition declared %<auto%>");
+      if (storage_class == csc_register)
+    error_at (loc, "function definition declared %<register%>");
+      if (storage_class == csc_typedef)
+    error_at (loc, "function definition declared %<typedef%>");
+      if (threadp)
+    error_at (loc, "function definition declared %<__thread%>");
+      threadp = false;
+      if (storage_class == csc_auto
+      || storage_class == csc_register
+      || storage_class == csc_typedef)
+    storage_class = csc_none;
+    }
+  else if (decl_context != NORMAL && (storage_class != csc_none || threadp))
+    {
+      if (decl_context == PARM && storage_class == csc_register)
+    ;
+      else
+    {
+      switch (decl_context)
+        {
+        case FIELD:
+          if (name)
+        error_at (loc, "storage class specified for structure "
+                  "field %qE", name);
+          else
+        error_at (loc, "storage class specified for structure field");
+          break;
+        case PARM:
+          if (name)
+        error_at (loc, "storage class specified for parameter %qE",
+                  name);
+          else
+        error_at (loc, "storage class specified for unnamed parameter");
+          break;
+        default:
+          error_at (loc, "storage class specified for typename");
+          break;
+        }
+      storage_class = csc_none;
+      threadp = false;
+    }
+    }
+  else if (storage_class == csc_extern
+       && initialized
+       && !funcdef_flag)
+    {
+      /* 'extern' with initialization is invalid if not at file scope.  */
+       if (current_scope == file_scope)
+         {
+           /* It is fine to have 'extern const' when compiling at C
+              and C++ intersection.  */
+           if (!(warn_cxx_compat && constp))
+             warning_at (loc, 0, "%qE initialized and declared %<extern%>",
+             name);
+         }
+      else
+    error_at (loc, "%qE has both %<extern%> and initializer", name);
+    }
+  else if (current_scope == file_scope)
+    {
+      if (storage_class == csc_auto)
+    error_at (loc, "file-scope declaration of %qE specifies %<auto%>",
+              name);
+      if (pedantic && storage_class == csc_register)
+    pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+         "file-scope declaration of %qE specifies %<register%>", name);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      if (storage_class == csc_extern && funcdef_flag)
+    error_at (loc, "nested function %qE declared %<extern%>", name);
+      else if (threadp && storage_class == csc_none)
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "function-scope %qE implicitly auto and declared "
+            "%<__thread%>",
+            name);
+      threadp = false;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Now figure out the structure of the declarator proper.
+     Descend through it, creating more complex types, until we reach
+     the declared identifier (or NULL_TREE, in an absolute declarator).
+     At each stage we maintain an unqualified version of the type
+     together with any qualifiers that should be applied to it with
+     c_build_qualified_type; this way, array types including
+     multidimensional array types are first built up in unqualified
+     form and then the qualified form is created with
+     TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT pointing to the unqualified form.  */
+
+  while (declarator && declarator->kind != cdk_id)
+    {
+      if (type == error_mark_node)
+    {
+      declarator = declarator->declarator;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+      /* Each level of DECLARATOR is either a cdk_array (for ...[..]),
+     a cdk_pointer (for *...),
+     a cdk_function (for ...(...)),
+     a cdk_attrs (for nested attributes),
+     or a cdk_id (for the name being declared
+     or the place in an absolute declarator
+     where the name was omitted).
+     For the last case, we have just exited the loop.
+
+     At this point, TYPE is the type of elements of an array,
+     or for a function to return, or for a pointer to point to.
+     After this sequence of ifs, TYPE is the type of the
+     array or function or pointer, and DECLARATOR has had its
+     outermost layer removed.  */
+
+      if (array_ptr_quals != TYPE_UNQUALIFIED
+      || array_ptr_attrs != NULL_TREE
+      || array_parm_static)
+    {
+      /* Only the innermost declarator (making a parameter be of
+         array type which is converted to pointer type)
+         may have static or type qualifiers.  */
+      error_at (loc, "static or type qualifiers in non-parameter array declarator");
+      array_ptr_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
+      array_ptr_attrs = NULL_TREE;
+      array_parm_static = 0;
+    }
+
+      switch (declarator->kind)
+    {
+    case cdk_attrs:
+      {
+        /* A declarator with embedded attributes.  */
+        tree attrs = declarator->u.attrs;
+        const struct c_declarator *inner_decl;
+        int attr_flags = 0;
+        declarator = declarator->declarator;
+        inner_decl = declarator;
+        while (inner_decl->kind == cdk_attrs)
+          inner_decl = inner_decl->declarator;
+        if (inner_decl->kind == cdk_id)
+          attr_flags |= (int) ATTR_FLAG_DECL_NEXT;
+        else if (inner_decl->kind == cdk_function)
+          attr_flags |= (int) ATTR_FLAG_FUNCTION_NEXT;
+        else if (inner_decl->kind == cdk_array)
+          attr_flags |= (int) ATTR_FLAG_ARRAY_NEXT;
+        returned_attrs = decl_attributes (&type,
+                          chainon (returned_attrs, attrs),
+                          attr_flags);
+        break;
+      }
+    case cdk_array:
+      {
+        tree itype = NULL_TREE;
+        tree size = declarator->u.array.dimen;
+        /* The index is a signed object `sizetype' bits wide.  */
+        tree index_type = c_common_signed_type (sizetype);
+
+        array_ptr_quals = declarator->u.array.quals;
+        array_ptr_attrs = declarator->u.array.attrs;
+        array_parm_static = declarator->u.array.static_p;
+        array_parm_vla_unspec_p = declarator->u.array.vla_unspec_p;
+
+        declarator = declarator->declarator;
+
+        /* Check for some types that there cannot be arrays of.  */
+
+        if (VOID_TYPE_P (type))
+          {
+        if (name)
+          error_at (loc, "declaration of %qE as array of voids", name);
+        else
+          error_at (loc, "declaration of type name as array of voids");
+        type = error_mark_node;
+          }
+
+        if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+          {
+        if (name)
+          error_at (loc, "declaration of %qE as array of functions",
+                    name);
+        else
+          error_at (loc, "declaration of type name as array of "
+                    "functions");
+        type = error_mark_node;
+          }
+
+        if (pedantic && !in_system_header && flexible_array_type_p (type))
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "invalid use of structure with flexible array member");
+
+        if (size == error_mark_node)
+          type = error_mark_node;
+
+        if (type == error_mark_node)
+          continue;
+
+        /* If size was specified, set ITYPE to a range-type for
+           that size.  Otherwise, ITYPE remains null.  finish_decl
+           may figure it out from an initial value.  */
+
+        if (size)
+          {
+        bool size_maybe_const = true;
+        bool size_int_const = (TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST
+                       && !TREE_OVERFLOW (size));
+        bool this_size_varies = false;
+
+        /* Strip NON_LVALUE_EXPRs since we aren't using as an
+           lvalue.  */
+        STRIP_TYPE_NOPS (size);
+
+        if (!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (size)))
+          {
+            if (name)
+              error_at (loc, "size of array %qE has non-integer type",
+                name);
+            else
+              error_at (loc,
+                "size of unnamed array has non-integer type");
+            size = integer_one_node;
+          }
+
+        size = c_fully_fold (size, false, &size_maybe_const);
+
+        if (pedantic && size_maybe_const && integer_zerop (size))
+          {
+            if (name)
+              pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+                   "ISO C forbids zero-size array %qE", name);
+            else
+              pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+                   "ISO C forbids zero-size array");
+          }
+
+        if (TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST && size_maybe_const)
+          {
+            constant_expression_warning (size);
+            if (tree_int_cst_sgn (size) < 0)
+              {
+            if (name)
+              error_at (loc, "size of array %qE is negative", name);
+            else
+              error_at (loc, "size of unnamed array is negative");
+            size = integer_one_node;
+              }
+            /* Handle a size folded to an integer constant but
+               not an integer constant expression.  */
+            if (!size_int_const)
+              {
+            /* If this is a file scope declaration of an
+               ordinary identifier, this is invalid code;
+               diagnosing it here and not subsequently
+               treating the type as variable-length avoids
+               more confusing diagnostics later.  */
+            if ((decl_context == NORMAL || decl_context == FIELD)
+                && current_scope == file_scope)
+              pedwarn (input_location, 0,
+                   "variably modified %qE at file scope",
+                   name);
+            else
+              this_size_varies = size_varies = true;
+            warn_variable_length_array (name, size);
+              }
+          }
+        else if ((decl_context == NORMAL || decl_context == FIELD)
+             && current_scope == file_scope)
+          {
+            error_at (loc, "variably modified %qE at file scope", name);
+            size = integer_one_node;
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            /* Make sure the array size remains visibly
+               nonconstant even if it is (eg) a const variable
+               with known value.  */
+            this_size_varies = size_varies = true;
+            warn_variable_length_array (name, size);
+          }
+
+        if (integer_zerop (size) && !this_size_varies)
+          {
+            /* A zero-length array cannot be represented with
+               an unsigned index type, which is what we'll
+               get with build_index_type.  Create an
+               open-ended range instead.  */
+            itype = build_range_type (sizetype, size, NULL_TREE);
+          }
+        else
+          {
+            /* Arrange for the SAVE_EXPR on the inside of the
+               MINUS_EXPR, which allows the -1 to get folded
+               with the +1 that happens when building TYPE_SIZE.  */
+            if (size_varies)
+              size = c_variable_size (size);
+            if (this_size_varies && TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST)
+              size = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (size),
+                     integer_zero_node, size);
+
+            /* Compute the maximum valid index, that is, size
+               - 1.  Do the calculation in index_type, so that
+               if it is a variable the computations will be
+               done in the proper mode.  */
+            itype = fold_build2_loc (loc, MINUS_EXPR, index_type,
+                         convert (index_type, size),
+                         convert (index_type,
+                              size_one_node));
+
+            /* If that overflowed, the array is too big.  ???
+               While a size of INT_MAX+1 technically shouldn't
+               cause an overflow (because we subtract 1), the
+               overflow is recorded during the conversion to
+               index_type, before the subtraction.  Handling
+               this case seems like an unnecessary
+               complication.  */
+            if (TREE_CODE (itype) == INTEGER_CST
+            && TREE_OVERFLOW (itype))
+              {
+            if (name)
+              error_at (loc, "size of array %qE is too large",
+                        name);
+            else
+              error_at (loc, "size of unnamed array is too large");
+            type = error_mark_node;
+            continue;
+              }
+
+            itype = build_index_type (itype);
+          }
+        if (this_size_varies)
+          {
+            if (*expr)
+              *expr = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (size),
+                      *expr, size);
+            else
+              *expr = size;
+            *expr_const_operands &= size_maybe_const;
+          }
+          }
+        else if (decl_context == FIELD)
+          {
+        bool flexible_array_member = false;
+        if (array_parm_vla_unspec_p)
+          /* Field names can in fact have function prototype
+             scope so [*] is disallowed here through making
+             the field variably modified, not through being
+             something other than a declaration with function
+             prototype scope.  */
+          size_varies = true;
+        else
+          {
+            const struct c_declarator *t = declarator;
+            while (t->kind == cdk_attrs)
+              t = t->declarator;
+            flexible_array_member = (t->kind == cdk_id);
+          }
+        if (flexible_array_member
+            && pedantic && !flag_isoc99 && !in_system_header)
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "ISO C90 does not support flexible array members");
+
+        /* ISO C99 Flexible array members are effectively
+           identical to GCC's zero-length array extension.  */
+        if (flexible_array_member || array_parm_vla_unspec_p)
+          itype = build_range_type (sizetype, size_zero_node,
+                        NULL_TREE);
+          }
+        else if (decl_context == PARM)
+          {
+        if (array_parm_vla_unspec_p)
+          {
+            itype = build_range_type (sizetype, size_zero_node, NULL_TREE);
+            size_varies = true;
+          }
+          }
+        else if (decl_context == TYPENAME)
+          {
+        if (array_parm_vla_unspec_p)
+          {
+            /* C99 6.7.5.2p4 */
+            warning (0, "%<[*]%> not in a declaration");
+            /* We use this to avoid messing up with incomplete
+               array types of the same type, that would
+               otherwise be modified below.  */
+            itype = build_range_type (sizetype, size_zero_node,
+                          NULL_TREE);
+            size_varies = true;
+          }
+          }
+
+         /* Complain about arrays of incomplete types.  */
+        if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
+          {
+        error_at (loc, "array type has incomplete element type");
+        type = error_mark_node;
+          }
+        else
+        /* When itype is NULL, a shared incomplete array type is
+           returned for all array of a given type.  Elsewhere we
+           make sure we don't complete that type before copying
+           it, but here we want to make sure we don't ever
+           modify the shared type, so we gcc_assert (itype)
+           below.  */
+          {
+        addr_space_t as = DECODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (type_quals);
+        if (!ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (as) && as != TYPE_ADDR_SPACE (type))
+          type = build_qualified_type (type,
+                           ENCODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (as));
+
+        type = build_array_type (type, itype);
+          }
+
+        if (type != error_mark_node)
+          {
+        if (size_varies)
+          {
+            /* It is ok to modify type here even if itype is
+               NULL: if size_varies, we're in a
+               multi-dimensional array and the inner type has
+               variable size, so the enclosing shared array type
+               must too.  */
+            if (size && TREE_CODE (size) == INTEGER_CST)
+              type
+            = build_distinct_type_copy (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type));
+            C_TYPE_VARIABLE_SIZE (type) = 1;
+          }
+
+        /* The GCC extension for zero-length arrays differs from
+           ISO flexible array members in that sizeof yields
+           zero.  */
+        if (size && integer_zerop (size))
+          {
+            gcc_assert (itype);
+            TYPE_SIZE (type) = bitsize_zero_node;
+            TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type) = size_zero_node;
+          }
+        if (array_parm_vla_unspec_p)
+          {
+            gcc_assert (itype);
+            /* The type is complete.  C99 6.7.5.2p4  */
+            TYPE_SIZE (type) = bitsize_zero_node;
+            TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type) = size_zero_node;
+          }
+          }
+
+        if (decl_context != PARM
+        && (array_ptr_quals != TYPE_UNQUALIFIED
+            || array_ptr_attrs != NULL_TREE
+            || array_parm_static))
+          {
+        error_at (loc, "static or type qualifiers in non-parameter array declarator");
+        array_ptr_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
+        array_ptr_attrs = NULL_TREE;
+        array_parm_static = 0;
+          }
+        break;
+      }
+    case cdk_function:
+      {
+        /* Say it's a definition only for the declarator closest
+           to the identifier, apart possibly from some
+           attributes.  */
+        bool really_funcdef = false;
+        tree arg_types;
+        if (funcdef_flag)
+          {
+        const struct c_declarator *t = declarator->declarator;
+        while (t->kind == cdk_attrs)
+          t = t->declarator;
+        really_funcdef = (t->kind == cdk_id);
+          }
+
+        /* Declaring a function type.  Make sure we have a valid
+           type for the function to return.  */
+        if (type == error_mark_node)
+          continue;
+
+        size_varies = false;
+
+        /* Warn about some types functions can't return.  */
+        if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+          {
+        if (name)
+          error_at (loc, "%qE declared as function returning a "
+                     "function", name);
+        else
+          error_at (loc, "type name declared as function "
+                "returning a function");
+        type = integer_type_node;
+          }
+        if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+          {
+        if (name)
+          error_at (loc, "%qE declared as function returning an array",
+                    name);
+        else
+          error_at (loc, "type name declared as function returning "
+                    "an array");
+        type = integer_type_node;
+          }
+        errmsg = targetm.invalid_return_type (type);
+        if (errmsg)
+          {
+        error (errmsg);
+        type = integer_type_node;
+          }
+
+        /* Construct the function type and go to the next
+           inner layer of declarator.  */
+        arg_info = declarator->u.arg_info;
+        arg_types = grokparms (arg_info, really_funcdef);
+        if (really_funcdef)
+          put_pending_sizes (arg_info->pending_sizes);
+
+        /* Type qualifiers before the return type of the function
+           qualify the return type, not the function type.  */
+        if (type_quals)
+          {
+        /* Type qualifiers on a function return type are
+           normally permitted by the standard but have no
+           effect, so give a warning at -Wreturn-type.
+           Qualifiers on a void return type are banned on
+           function definitions in ISO C; GCC used to used
+           them for noreturn functions.  */
+        if (VOID_TYPE_P (type) && really_funcdef)
+          pedwarn (loc, 0,
+               "function definition has qualified void return type");
+        else
+          warning_at (loc, OPT_Wignored_qualifiers,
+               "type qualifiers ignored on function return type");
+
+        type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+          }
+        type_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
+
+#ifndef noCbC
+          if ( declspecs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code )
+            {
+              type = build_code_segment_type (type, arg_types);
+            }
+          else
+#endif
+            {
+              type = build_function_type (type, arg_types);
+            }
+
+        declarator = declarator->declarator;
+
+        /* Set the TYPE_CONTEXTs for each tagged type which is local to
+           the formal parameter list of this FUNCTION_TYPE to point to
+           the FUNCTION_TYPE node itself.  */
+        {
+          tree link;
+
+          for (link = arg_info->tags;
+           link;
+           link = TREE_CHAIN (link))
+        TYPE_CONTEXT (TREE_VALUE (link)) = type;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    case cdk_pointer:
+      {
+        /* Merge any constancy or volatility into the target type
+           for the pointer.  */
+
+        if (pedantic && TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+        && type_quals)
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "ISO C forbids qualified function types");
+        if (type_quals)
+          type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+        size_varies = false;
+
+        /* When the pointed-to type involves components of variable size,
+           care must be taken to ensure that the size evaluation code is
+           emitted early enough to dominate all the possible later uses
+           and late enough for the variables on which it depends to have
+           been assigned.
+
+           This is expected to happen automatically when the pointed-to
+           type has a name/declaration of it's own, but special attention
+           is required if the type is anonymous.
+
+           We handle the NORMAL and FIELD contexts here by attaching an
+           artificial TYPE_DECL to such pointed-to type.  This forces the
+           sizes evaluation at a safe point and ensures it is not deferred
+           until e.g. within a deeper conditional context.
+
+           We expect nothing to be needed here for PARM or TYPENAME.
+           Pushing a TYPE_DECL at this point for TYPENAME would actually
+           be incorrect, as we might be in the middle of an expression
+           with side effects on the pointed-to type size "arguments" prior
+           to the pointer declaration point and the fake TYPE_DECL in the
+           enclosing context would force the size evaluation prior to the
+           side effects.  */
+
+        if (!TYPE_NAME (type)
+        && (decl_context == NORMAL || decl_context == FIELD)
+        && variably_modified_type_p (type, NULL_TREE))
+          {
+        tree decl = build_decl (loc, TYPE_DECL, NULL_TREE, type);
+        DECL_ARTIFICIAL (decl) = 1;
+        pushdecl (decl);
+        finish_decl (decl, loc, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+        TYPE_NAME (type) = decl;
+          }
+
+        type = build_pointer_type (type);
+
+        /* Process type qualifiers (such as const or volatile)
+           that were given inside the `*'.  */
+        type_quals = declarator->u.pointer_quals;
+
+        declarator = declarator->declarator;
+        break;
+      }
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+    }
+  *decl_attrs = chainon (returned_attrs, *decl_attrs);
+
+  /* Now TYPE has the actual type, apart from any qualifiers in
+     TYPE_QUALS.  */
+
+  /* Warn about address space used for things other than static memory or
+     pointers.  */
+  address_space = DECODE_QUAL_ADDR_SPACE (type_quals);
+  if (!ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (address_space))
+    {
+      if (decl_context == NORMAL)
+    {
+      switch (storage_class)
+        {
+        case csc_auto:
+          error ("%qs combined with %<auto%> qualifier for %qE",
+             c_addr_space_name (address_space), name);
+          break;
+        case csc_register:
+          error ("%qs combined with %<register%> qualifier for %qE",
+             c_addr_space_name (address_space), name);
+          break;
+        case csc_none:
+          if (current_function_scope)
+        {
+          error ("%qs specified for auto variable %qE",
+             c_addr_space_name (address_space), name);
+          break;
+        }
+          break;
+        case csc_static:
+        case csc_extern:
+        case csc_typedef:
+          break;
+        default:
+          gcc_unreachable ();
+        }
+    }
+      else if (decl_context == PARM && TREE_CODE (type) != ARRAY_TYPE)
+    {
+      if (name)
+        error ("%qs specified for parameter %qE",
+           c_addr_space_name (address_space), name);
+      else
+        error ("%qs specified for unnamed parameter",
+           c_addr_space_name (address_space));
+    }
+      else if (decl_context == FIELD)
+    {
+      if (name)
+        error ("%qs specified for structure field %qE",
+           c_addr_space_name (address_space), name);
+      else
+        error ("%qs specified for structure field",
+           c_addr_space_name (address_space));
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Check the type and width of a bit-field.  */
+  if (bitfield)
+    check_bitfield_type_and_width (&type, width, name);
+
+  /* Did array size calculations overflow?  */
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type)
+      && TREE_CODE (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type)) == INTEGER_CST
+      && TREE_OVERFLOW (TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (type)))
+    {
+      if (name)
+    error_at (loc, "size of array %qE is too large", name);
+      else
+    error_at (loc, "size of unnamed array is too large");
+      /* If we proceed with the array type as it is, we'll eventually
+     crash in tree_low_cst().  */
+      type = error_mark_node;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is declaring a typedef name, return a TYPE_DECL.  */
+
+  if (storage_class == csc_typedef)
+    {
+      tree decl;
+      if (pedantic && TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+      && type_quals)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+         "ISO C forbids qualified function types");
+      if (type_quals)
+    type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+      decl = build_decl (declarator->id_loc,
+             TYPE_DECL, declarator->u.id, type);
+      if (declspecs->explicit_signed_p)
+    C_TYPEDEF_EXPLICITLY_SIGNED (decl) = 1;
+      if (declspecs->inline_p)
+    pedwarn (loc, 0,"typedef %q+D declared %<inline%>", decl);
+
+      if (warn_cxx_compat && declarator->u.id != NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      struct c_binding *b = I_TAG_BINDING (declarator->u.id);
+
+      if (b != NULL
+          && b->decl != NULL_TREE
+          && (B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE (b)
+          || (current_scope == file_scope && B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b)))
+          && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (b->decl) != TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (type))
+        {
+          warning_at (declarator->id_loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+              ("using %qD as both a typedef and a tag is "
+               "invalid in C++"),
+              decl);
+          if (b->locus != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+        inform (b->locus, "originally defined here");
+        }
+    }
+
+      return decl;
+    }
+
+  /* If this is a type name (such as, in a cast or sizeof),
+     compute the type and return it now.  */
+
+  if (decl_context == TYPENAME)
+    {
+      /* Note that the grammar rejects storage classes in typenames
+     and fields.  */
+      gcc_assert (storage_class == csc_none && !threadp
+          && !declspecs->inline_p);
+      if (pedantic && TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+      && type_quals)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+         "ISO C forbids const or volatile function types");
+      if (type_quals)
+    type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+      return type;
+    }
+
+  if (pedantic && decl_context == FIELD
+      && variably_modified_type_p (type, NULL_TREE))
+    {
+      /* C99 6.7.2.1p8 */
+      pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "a member of a structure or union cannot "
+           "have a variably modified type");
+    }
+
+  /* Aside from typedefs and type names (handle above),
+     `void' at top level (not within pointer)
+     is allowed only in public variables.
+     We don't complain about parms either, but that is because
+     a better error message can be made later.  */
+
+  if (VOID_TYPE_P (type) && decl_context != PARM
+      && !((decl_context != FIELD && TREE_CODE (type) != FUNCTION_TYPE)
+        && (storage_class == csc_extern
+        || (current_scope == file_scope
+            && !(storage_class == csc_static
+             || storage_class == csc_register)))))
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "variable or field %qE declared void", name);
+      type = integer_type_node;
+    }
+
+  /* Now create the decl, which may be a VAR_DECL, a PARM_DECL
+     or a FUNCTION_DECL, depending on DECL_CONTEXT and TYPE.  */
+
+  {
+    tree decl;
+
+    if (decl_context == PARM)
+      {
+    tree promoted_type;
+
+    /* A parameter declared as an array of T is really a pointer to T.
+       One declared as a function is really a pointer to a function.  */
+
+    if (TREE_CODE (type) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+      {
+        /* Transfer const-ness of array into that of type pointed to.  */
+        type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+        if (type_quals)
+          type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+        type = build_pointer_type (type);
+        type_quals = array_ptr_quals;
+        if (type_quals)
+          type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+
+        /* We don't yet implement attributes in this context.  */
+        if (array_ptr_attrs != NULL_TREE)
+          warning_at (loc, OPT_Wattributes,
+              "attributes in parameter array declarator ignored");
+
+        size_varies = false;
+      }
+    else if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+      {
+        if (type_quals)
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "ISO C forbids qualified function types");
+        if (type_quals)
+          type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+        type = build_pointer_type (type);
+        type_quals = TYPE_UNQUALIFIED;
+      }
+    else if (type_quals)
+      type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+
+    decl = build_decl (declarator->id_loc,
+               PARM_DECL, declarator->u.id, type);
+    if (size_varies)
+      C_DECL_VARIABLE_SIZE (decl) = 1;
+
+    /* Compute the type actually passed in the parmlist,
+       for the case where there is no prototype.
+       (For example, shorts and chars are passed as ints.)
+       When there is a prototype, this is overridden later.  */
+
+    if (type == error_mark_node)
+      promoted_type = type;
+    else
+      promoted_type = c_type_promotes_to (type);
+
+    DECL_ARG_TYPE (decl) = promoted_type;
+    if (declspecs->inline_p)
+      pedwarn (loc, 0, "parameter %q+D declared %<inline%>", decl);
+      }
+    else if (decl_context == FIELD)
+      {
+    /* Note that the grammar rejects storage classes in typenames
+       and fields.  */
+    gcc_assert (storage_class == csc_none && !threadp
+            && !declspecs->inline_p);
+
+    /* Structure field.  It may not be a function.  */
+
+    if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+      {
+        error_at (loc, "field %qE declared as a function", name);
+        type = build_pointer_type (type);
+      }
+    else if (TREE_CODE (type) != ERROR_MARK
+         && !COMPLETE_OR_UNBOUND_ARRAY_TYPE_P (type))
+      {
+        if (name)
+          error_at (loc, "field %qE has incomplete type", name);
+        else
+          error_at (loc, "unnamed field has incomplete type");
+        type = error_mark_node;
+      }
+    type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+    decl = build_decl (declarator->id_loc,
+               FIELD_DECL, declarator->u.id, type);
+    DECL_NONADDRESSABLE_P (decl) = bitfield;
+    if (bitfield && !declarator->u.id)
+      TREE_NO_WARNING (decl) = 1;
+
+    if (size_varies)
+      C_DECL_VARIABLE_SIZE (decl) = 1;
+      }
+    else if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+      {
+    if (storage_class == csc_register || threadp)
+      {
+        error_at (loc, "invalid storage class for function %qE", name);
+       }
+    else if (current_scope != file_scope)
+      {
+        /* Function declaration not at file scope.  Storage
+           classes other than `extern' are not allowed, C99
+           6.7.1p5, and `extern' makes no difference.  However,
+           GCC allows 'auto', perhaps with 'inline', to support
+           nested functions.  */
+        if (storage_class == csc_auto)
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+             "invalid storage class for function %qE", name);
+        else if (storage_class == csc_static)
+          {
+        error_at (loc, "invalid storage class for function %qE", name);
+        if (funcdef_flag)
+          storage_class = declspecs->storage_class = csc_none;
+        else
+          return 0;
+          }
+      }
+
+    decl = build_decl (declarator->id_loc,
+               FUNCTION_DECL, declarator->u.id, type);
+    decl = build_decl_attribute_variant (decl, decl_attr);
+
+    if (pedantic && type_quals && !DECL_IN_SYSTEM_HEADER (decl))
+      pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+           "ISO C forbids qualified function types");
+
+    /* GNU C interprets a volatile-qualified function type to indicate
+       that the function does not return.  */
+    if ((type_quals & TYPE_QUAL_VOLATILE)
+        && !VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl))))
+      warning_at (loc, 0, "%<noreturn%> function returns non-void value");
+
+    /* Every function declaration is an external reference
+       (DECL_EXTERNAL) except for those which are not at file
+       scope and are explicitly declared "auto".  This is
+       forbidden by standard C (C99 6.7.1p5) and is interpreted by
+       GCC to signify a forward declaration of a nested function.  */
+    if (storage_class == csc_auto && current_scope != file_scope)
+      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = 0;
+    /* In C99, a function which is declared 'inline' with 'extern'
+       is not an external reference (which is confusing).  It
+       means that the later definition of the function must be output
+       in this file, C99 6.7.4p6.  In GNU C89, a function declared
+       'extern inline' is an external reference.  */
+    else if (declspecs->inline_p && storage_class != csc_static)
+      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = ((storage_class == csc_extern)
+                  == flag_gnu89_inline);
+    else
+      DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = !initialized;
+
+    /* Record absence of global scope for `static' or `auto'.  */
+    TREE_PUBLIC (decl)
+      = !(storage_class == csc_static || storage_class == csc_auto);
+
+    /* For a function definition, record the argument information
+       block where store_parm_decls will look for it.  */
+    if (funcdef_flag)
+      current_function_arg_info = arg_info;
+
+    if (declspecs->default_int_p)
+      C_FUNCTION_IMPLICIT_INT (decl) = 1;
+
+    /* Record presence of `inline', if it is reasonable.  */
+    if (flag_hosted && MAIN_NAME_P (declarator->u.id))
+      {
+        if (declspecs->inline_p)
+          pedwarn (loc, 0, "cannot inline function %<main%>");
+      }
+    else if (declspecs->inline_p)
+      /* Record that the function is declared `inline'.  */
+      DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (decl) = 1;
+      }
+    else
+      {
+    /* It's a variable.  */
+    /* An uninitialized decl with `extern' is a reference.  */
+    int extern_ref = !initialized && storage_class == csc_extern;
+
+    type = c_build_qualified_type (type, type_quals);
+
+    /* C99 6.2.2p7: It is invalid (compile-time undefined
+       behavior) to create an 'extern' declaration for a
+       variable if there is a global declaration that is
+       'static' and the global declaration is not visible.
+       (If the static declaration _is_ currently visible,
+       the 'extern' declaration is taken to refer to that decl.) */
+    if (extern_ref && current_scope != file_scope)
+      {
+        tree global_decl  = identifier_global_value (declarator->u.id);
+        tree visible_decl = lookup_name (declarator->u.id);
+
+        if (global_decl
+        && global_decl != visible_decl
+        && TREE_CODE (global_decl) == VAR_DECL
+        && !TREE_PUBLIC (global_decl))
+          error_at (loc, "variable previously declared %<static%> "
+            "redeclared %<extern%>");
+      }
+
+    decl = build_decl (declarator->id_loc,
+               VAR_DECL, declarator->u.id, type);
+    if (size_varies)
+      C_DECL_VARIABLE_SIZE (decl) = 1;
+
+    if (declspecs->inline_p)
+      pedwarn (loc, 0, "variable %q+D declared %<inline%>", decl);
+
+    /* At file scope, an initialized extern declaration may follow
+       a static declaration.  In that case, DECL_EXTERNAL will be
+       reset later in start_decl.  */
+    DECL_EXTERNAL (decl) = (storage_class == csc_extern);
+
+    /* At file scope, the presence of a `static' or `register' storage
+       class specifier, or the absence of all storage class specifiers
+       makes this declaration a definition (perhaps tentative).  Also,
+       the absence of `static' makes it public.  */
+    if (current_scope == file_scope)
+      {
+        TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = storage_class != csc_static;
+        TREE_STATIC (decl) = !extern_ref;
+      }
+    /* Not at file scope, only `static' makes a static definition.  */
+    else
+      {
+        TREE_STATIC (decl) = (storage_class == csc_static);
+        TREE_PUBLIC (decl) = extern_ref;
+      }
+
+    if (threadp)
+      DECL_TLS_MODEL (decl) = decl_default_tls_model (decl);
+      }
+
+    if ((storage_class == csc_extern
+     || (storage_class == csc_none
+         && TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+         && !funcdef_flag))
+    && variably_modified_type_p (type, NULL_TREE))
+      {
+    /* C99 6.7.5.2p2 */
+    if (TREE_CODE (type) == FUNCTION_TYPE)
+      error_at (loc, "non-nested function with variably modified type");
+    else
+      error_at (loc, "object with variably modified type must have "
+                "no linkage");
+      }
+
+    /* Record `register' declaration for warnings on &
+       and in case doing stupid register allocation.  */
+
+    if (storage_class == csc_register)
+      {
+    C_DECL_REGISTER (decl) = 1;
+    DECL_REGISTER (decl) = 1;
+      }
+
+    /* Record constancy and volatility.  */
+    c_apply_type_quals_to_decl (type_quals, decl);
+
+    /* If a type has volatile components, it should be stored in memory.
+       Otherwise, the fact that those components are volatile
+       will be ignored, and would even crash the compiler.
+       Of course, this only makes sense on  VAR,PARM, and RESULT decl's.   */
+    if (C_TYPE_FIELDS_VOLATILE (TREE_TYPE (decl))
+    && (TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL ||  TREE_CODE (decl) == PARM_DECL
+      || TREE_CODE (decl) == RESULT_DECL))
+      {
+    /* It is not an error for a structure with volatile fields to
+       be declared register, but reset DECL_REGISTER since it
+       cannot actually go in a register.  */
+    int was_reg = C_DECL_REGISTER (decl);
+    C_DECL_REGISTER (decl) = 0;
+    DECL_REGISTER (decl) = 0;
+    c_mark_addressable (decl);
+    C_DECL_REGISTER (decl) = was_reg;
+      }
+
+  /* This is the earliest point at which we might know the assembler
+     name of a variable.  Thus, if it's known before this, die horribly.  */
+    gcc_assert (!DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME_SET_P (decl));
+
+    if (warn_cxx_compat
+    && TREE_CODE (decl) == VAR_DECL
+    && TREE_PUBLIC (decl)
+    && TREE_STATIC (decl)
+    && (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == RECORD_TYPE
+        || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == UNION_TYPE
+        || TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+    && TYPE_NAME (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == NULL_TREE)
+      warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl), OPT_Wc___compat,
+          ("non-local variable %qD with anonymous type is "
+           "questionable in C++"),
+          decl);
+
+    return decl;
+  }
+}
+
+/* Decode the parameter-list info for a function type or function definition.
+   The argument is the value returned by `get_parm_info' (or made in c-parse.c
+   if there is an identifier list instead of a parameter decl list).
+   These two functions are separate because when a function returns
+   or receives functions then each is called multiple times but the order
+   of calls is different.  The last call to `grokparms' is always the one
+   that contains the formal parameter names of a function definition.
+
+   Return a list of arg types to use in the FUNCTION_TYPE for this function.
+
+   FUNCDEF_FLAG is true for a function definition, false for
+   a mere declaration.  A nonempty identifier-list gets an error message
+   when FUNCDEF_FLAG is false.  */
+
+static tree
+grokparms (struct c_arg_info *arg_info, bool funcdef_flag)
+{
+  tree arg_types = arg_info->types;
+
+  if (funcdef_flag && arg_info->had_vla_unspec)
+    {
+      /* A function definition isn't function prototype scope C99 6.2.1p4.  */
+      /* C99 6.7.5.2p4 */
+      error ("%<[*]%> not allowed in other than function prototype scope");
+    }
+
+  if (arg_types == 0 && !funcdef_flag && !in_system_header)
+    warning (OPT_Wstrict_prototypes,
+         "function declaration isn%'t a prototype");
+
+  if (arg_types == error_mark_node)
+    return 0;  /* don't set TYPE_ARG_TYPES in this case */
+
+  else if (arg_types && TREE_CODE (TREE_VALUE (arg_types)) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
+    {
+      if (!funcdef_flag)
+    pedwarn (input_location, 0, "parameter names (without types) in function declaration");
+
+      arg_info->parms = arg_info->types;
+      arg_info->types = 0;
+      return 0;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      tree parm, type, typelt;
+      unsigned int parmno;
+      const char *errmsg;
+
+      /* If there is a parameter of incomplete type in a definition,
+     this is an error.  In a declaration this is valid, and a
+     struct or union type may be completed later, before any calls
+     or definition of the function.  In the case where the tag was
+     first declared within the parameter list, a warning has
+     already been given.  If a parameter has void type, then
+     however the function cannot be defined or called, so
+     warn.  */
+
+      for (parm = arg_info->parms, typelt = arg_types, parmno = 1;
+       parm;
+       parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm), typelt = TREE_CHAIN (typelt), parmno++)
+    {
+      type = TREE_VALUE (typelt);
+      if (type == error_mark_node)
+        continue;
+
+      if (!COMPLETE_TYPE_P (type))
+        {
+          if (funcdef_flag)
+        {
+          if (DECL_NAME (parm))
+            error_at (input_location,
+                  "parameter %u (%q+D) has incomplete type",
+                  parmno, parm);
+          else
+            error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+                  "parameter %u has incomplete type",
+                  parmno);
+
+          TREE_VALUE (typelt) = error_mark_node;
+          TREE_TYPE (parm) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+          else if (VOID_TYPE_P (type))
+        {
+          if (DECL_NAME (parm))
+            warning_at (input_location, 0,
+                "parameter %u (%q+D) has void type",
+                parmno, parm);
+          else
+            warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm), 0,
+                "parameter %u has void type",
+                parmno);
+        }
+        }
+
+      errmsg = targetm.invalid_parameter_type (type);
+      if (errmsg)
+        {
+          error (errmsg);
+          TREE_VALUE (typelt) = error_mark_node;
+          TREE_TYPE (parm) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+
+      if (DECL_NAME (parm) && TREE_USED (parm))
+        warn_if_shadowing (parm);
+    }
+      return arg_types;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Take apart the current scope and return a c_arg_info structure with
+   info on a parameter list just parsed.
+
+   This structure is later fed to 'grokparms' and 'store_parm_decls'.
+
+   ELLIPSIS being true means the argument list ended in '...' so don't
+   append a sentinel (void_list_node) to the end of the type-list.  */
+
+struct c_arg_info *
+get_parm_info (bool ellipsis)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b = current_scope->bindings;
+  struct c_arg_info *arg_info = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack,
+                    struct c_arg_info);
+  tree parms    = 0;
+  tree tags     = 0;
+  tree types    = 0;
+  tree others   = 0;
+
+  static bool explained_incomplete_types = false;
+  bool gave_void_only_once_err = false;
+
+  arg_info->parms = 0;
+  arg_info->tags = 0;
+  arg_info->types = 0;
+  arg_info->others = 0;
+  arg_info->pending_sizes = 0;
+  arg_info->had_vla_unspec = current_scope->had_vla_unspec;
+
+  /* The bindings in this scope must not get put into a block.
+     We will take care of deleting the binding nodes.  */
+  current_scope->bindings = 0;
+
+  /* This function is only called if there was *something* on the
+     parameter list.  */
+  gcc_assert (b);
+
+  /* A parameter list consisting solely of 'void' indicates that the
+     function takes no arguments.  But if the 'void' is qualified
+     (by 'const' or 'volatile'), or has a storage class specifier
+     ('register'), then the behavior is undefined; issue an error.
+     Typedefs for 'void' are OK (see DR#157).  */
+  if (b->prev == 0              /* one binding */
+      && TREE_CODE (b->decl) == PARM_DECL   /* which is a parameter */
+      && !DECL_NAME (b->decl)               /* anonymous */
+      && VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (b->decl))) /* of void type */
+    {
+      if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (b->decl)
+      || TREE_READONLY (b->decl)
+      || C_DECL_REGISTER (b->decl))
+    error ("%<void%> as only parameter may not be qualified");
+
+      /* There cannot be an ellipsis.  */
+      if (ellipsis)
+    error ("%<void%> must be the only parameter");
+
+      arg_info->types = void_list_node;
+      return arg_info;
+    }
+
+  if (!ellipsis)
+    types = void_list_node;
+
+  /* Break up the bindings list into parms, tags, types, and others;
+     apply sanity checks; purge the name-to-decl bindings.  */
+  while (b)
+    {
+      tree decl = b->decl;
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+      const char *keyword;
+
+      switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
+    {
+    case PARM_DECL:
+      if (b->id)
+        {
+          gcc_assert (I_SYMBOL_BINDING (b->id) == b);
+          I_SYMBOL_BINDING (b->id) = b->shadowed;
+        }
+
+      /* Check for forward decls that never got their actual decl.  */
+      if (TREE_ASM_WRITTEN (decl))
+        error ("parameter %q+D has just a forward declaration", decl);
+      /* Check for (..., void, ...) and issue an error.  */
+      else if (VOID_TYPE_P (type) && !DECL_NAME (decl))
+        {
+          if (!gave_void_only_once_err)
+        {
+          error ("%<void%> must be the only parameter");
+          gave_void_only_once_err = true;
+        }
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          /* Valid parameter, add it to the list.  */
+          TREE_CHAIN (decl) = parms;
+          parms = decl;
+
+          /* Since there is a prototype, args are passed in their
+         declared types.  The back end may override this later.  */
+          DECL_ARG_TYPE (decl) = type;
+          types = tree_cons (0, type, types);
+        }
+      break;
+
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE: keyword = "enum"; goto tag;
+    case UNION_TYPE:    keyword = "union"; goto tag;
+    case RECORD_TYPE:   keyword = "struct"; goto tag;
+    tag:
+      /* Types may not have tag-names, in which case the type
+         appears in the bindings list with b->id NULL.  */
+      if (b->id)
+        {
+          gcc_assert (I_TAG_BINDING (b->id) == b);
+          I_TAG_BINDING (b->id) = b->shadowed;
+        }
+
+      /* Warn about any struct, union or enum tags defined in a
+         parameter list.  The scope of such types is limited to
+         the parameter list, which is rarely if ever desirable
+         (it's impossible to call such a function with type-
+         correct arguments).  An anonymous union parm type is
+         meaningful as a GNU extension, so don't warn for that.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (decl) != UNION_TYPE || b->id != 0)
+        {
+          if (b->id)
+        /* The %s will be one of 'struct', 'union', or 'enum'.  */
+        warning (0, "%<%s %E%> declared inside parameter list",
+             keyword, b->id);
+          else
+        /* The %s will be one of 'struct', 'union', or 'enum'.  */
+        warning (0, "anonymous %s declared inside parameter list",
+             keyword);
+
+          if (!explained_incomplete_types)
+        {
+          warning (0, "its scope is only this definition or declaration,"
+               " which is probably not what you want");
+          explained_incomplete_types = true;
+        }
+        }
+
+      tags = tree_cons (b->id, decl, tags);
+      break;
+
+    case CONST_DECL:
+    case TYPE_DECL:
+    case FUNCTION_DECL:
+      /* CONST_DECLs appear here when we have an embedded enum,
+         and TYPE_DECLs appear here when we have an embedded struct
+         or union.  No warnings for this - we already warned about the
+         type itself.  FUNCTION_DECLs appear when there is an implicit
+         function declaration in the parameter list.  */
+
+      TREE_CHAIN (decl) = others;
+      others = decl;
+      /* fall through */
+
+    case ERROR_MARK:
+      /* error_mark_node appears here when we have an undeclared
+         variable.  Just throw it away.  */
+      if (b->id)
+        {
+          gcc_assert (I_SYMBOL_BINDING (b->id) == b);
+          I_SYMBOL_BINDING (b->id) = b->shadowed;
+        }
+      break;
+
+      /* Other things that might be encountered.  */
+    case LABEL_DECL:
+    case VAR_DECL:
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+      b = free_binding_and_advance (b);
+    }
+
+  arg_info->parms = parms;
+  arg_info->tags = tags;
+  arg_info->types = types;
+  arg_info->others = others;
+  arg_info->pending_sizes = get_pending_sizes ();
+  return arg_info;
+}
+
+/* Get the struct, enum or union (CODE says which) with tag NAME.
+   Define the tag as a forward-reference with location LOC if it is
+   not defined.  Return a c_typespec structure for the type
+   specifier.  */
+
+struct c_typespec
+parser_xref_tag (location_t loc, enum tree_code code, tree name)
+{
+  struct c_typespec ret;
+  tree ref;
+  location_t refloc;
+
+  ret.expr = NULL_TREE;
+  ret.expr_const_operands = true;
+
+  /* If a cross reference is requested, look up the type
+     already defined for this tag and return it.  */
+
+  ref = lookup_tag (code, name, 0, &refloc);
+  /* If this is the right type of tag, return what we found.
+     (This reference will be shadowed by shadow_tag later if appropriate.)
+     If this is the wrong type of tag, do not return it.  If it was the
+     wrong type in the same scope, we will have had an error
+     message already; if in a different scope and declaring
+     a name, pending_xref_error will give an error message; but if in a
+     different scope and not declaring a name, this tag should
+     shadow the previous declaration of a different type of tag, and
+     this would not work properly if we return the reference found.
+     (For example, with "struct foo" in an outer scope, "union foo;"
+     must shadow that tag with a new one of union type.)  */
+  ret.kind = (ref ? ctsk_tagref : ctsk_tagfirstref);
+  if (ref && TREE_CODE (ref) == code)
+    {
+      if (C_TYPE_DEFINED_IN_STRUCT (ref)
+      && loc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION
+      && warn_cxx_compat)
+    {
+      switch (code)
+        {
+        case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+          warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+              ("enum type defined in struct or union "
+               "is not visible in C++"));
+          inform (refloc, "enum type defined here");
+          break;
+        case RECORD_TYPE:
+          warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+              ("struct defined in struct or union "
+               "is not visible in C++"));
+          inform (refloc, "struct defined here");
+          break;
+        case UNION_TYPE:
+          warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+              ("union defined in struct or union "
+               "is not visible in C++"));
+          inform (refloc, "union defined here");
+          break;
+        default:
+          gcc_unreachable();
+        }
+    }
+
+      ret.spec = ref;
+      return ret;
+    }
+
+  /* If no such tag is yet defined, create a forward-reference node
+     and record it as the "definition".
+     When a real declaration of this type is found,
+     the forward-reference will be altered into a real type.  */
+
+  ref = make_node (code);
+  if (code == ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+    {
+      /* Give the type a default layout like unsigned int
+     to avoid crashing if it does not get defined.  */
+      SET_TYPE_MODE (ref, TYPE_MODE (unsigned_type_node));
+      TYPE_ALIGN (ref) = TYPE_ALIGN (unsigned_type_node);
+      TYPE_USER_ALIGN (ref) = 0;
+      TYPE_UNSIGNED (ref) = 1;
+      TYPE_PRECISION (ref) = TYPE_PRECISION (unsigned_type_node);
+      TYPE_MIN_VALUE (ref) = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (unsigned_type_node);
+      TYPE_MAX_VALUE (ref) = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (unsigned_type_node);
+    }
+
+  pushtag (loc, name, ref);
+
+  ret.spec = ref;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Get the struct, enum or union (CODE says which) with tag NAME.
+   Define the tag as a forward-reference if it is not defined.
+   Return a tree for the type.  */
+
+tree
+xref_tag (enum tree_code code, tree name)
+{
+  return parser_xref_tag (input_location, code, name).spec;
+}
+
+/* Make sure that the tag NAME is defined *in the current scope*
+   at least as a forward reference.
+   LOC is the location of the struct's definition.
+   CODE says which kind of tag NAME ought to be.
+
+   This stores the current value of the file static STRUCT_PARSE_INFO
+   in *ENCLOSING_STRUCT_PARSE_INFO, and points STRUCT_PARSE_INFO at a
+   new c_struct_parse_info structure.  The old value of
+   STRUCT_PARSE_INFO is restored in finish_struct.  */
+
+tree
+start_struct (location_t loc, enum tree_code code, tree name,
+          struct c_struct_parse_info **enclosing_struct_parse_info)
+{
+  /* If there is already a tag defined at this scope
+     (as a forward reference), just return it.  */
+
+  tree ref = NULL_TREE;
+  location_t refloc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
+
+  if (name != NULL_TREE)
+    ref = lookup_tag (code, name, 1, &refloc);
+  if (ref && TREE_CODE (ref) == code)
+    {
+      if (TYPE_SIZE (ref))
+    {
+      if (code == UNION_TYPE)
+        error_at (loc, "redefinition of %<union %E%>", name);
+      else
+        error_at (loc, "redefinition of %<struct %E%>", name);
+      if (refloc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+        inform (refloc, "originally defined here");
+      /* Don't create structures using a name already in use.  */
+      ref = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+      else if (C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (ref))
+    {
+      if (code == UNION_TYPE)
+        error_at (loc, "nested redefinition of %<union %E%>", name);
+      else
+        error_at (loc, "nested redefinition of %<struct %E%>", name);
+      /* Don't bother to report "originally defined here" for a
+         nested redefinition; the original definition should be
+         obvious.  */
+      /* Don't create structures that contain themselves.  */
+      ref = NULL_TREE;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise create a forward-reference just so the tag is in scope.  */
+
+  if (ref == NULL_TREE || TREE_CODE (ref) != code)
+    {
+      ref = make_node (code);
+      pushtag (loc, name, ref);
+    }
+
+  C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (ref) = 1;
+  TYPE_PACKED (ref) = flag_pack_struct;
+
+  *enclosing_struct_parse_info = struct_parse_info;
+  struct_parse_info = XNEW (struct c_struct_parse_info);
+  struct_parse_info->struct_types = VEC_alloc (tree, heap, 0);
+  struct_parse_info->fields = VEC_alloc (c_binding_ptr, heap, 0);
+  struct_parse_info->typedefs_seen = VEC_alloc (tree, heap, 0);
+
+  /* FIXME: This will issue a warning for a use of a type defined
+     within a statement expr used within sizeof, et. al.  This is not
+     terribly serious as C++ doesn't permit statement exprs within
+     sizeof anyhow.  */
+  if (warn_cxx_compat && (in_sizeof || in_typeof || in_alignof))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+        "defining type in %qs expression is invalid in C++",
+        (in_sizeof
+         ? "sizeof"
+         : (in_typeof ? "typeof" : "alignof")));
+
+  return ref;
+}
+
+/* Process the specs, declarator and width (NULL if omitted)
+   of a structure component, returning a FIELD_DECL node.
+   WIDTH is non-NULL for bit-fields only, and is an INTEGER_CST node.
+   DECL_ATTRS is as for grokdeclarator.
+
+   LOC is the location of the structure component.
+
+   This is done during the parsing of the struct declaration.
+   The FIELD_DECL nodes are chained together and the lot of them
+   are ultimately passed to `build_struct' to make the RECORD_TYPE node.  */
+
+tree
+grokfield (location_t loc,
+       struct c_declarator *declarator, struct c_declspecs *declspecs,
+       tree width, tree *decl_attrs)
+{
+  tree value;
+
+  if (declarator->kind == cdk_id && declarator->u.id == NULL_TREE
+      && width == NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      /* This is an unnamed decl.
+
+     If we have something of the form "union { list } ;" then this
+     is the anonymous union extension.  Similarly for struct.
+
+     If this is something of the form "struct foo;", then
+       If MS extensions are enabled, this is handled as an
+         anonymous struct.
+       Otherwise this is a forward declaration of a structure tag.
+
+     If this is something of the form "foo;" and foo is a TYPE_DECL, then
+       If MS extensions are enabled and foo names a structure, then
+         again this is an anonymous struct.
+       Otherwise this is an error.
+
+     Oh what a horrid tangled web we weave.  I wonder if MS consciously
+     took this from Plan 9 or if it was an accident of implementation
+     that took root before someone noticed the bug...  */
+
+      tree type = declspecs->type;
+      bool type_ok = (TREE_CODE (type) == RECORD_TYPE
+              || TREE_CODE (type) == UNION_TYPE);
+      bool ok = false;
+
+      if (type_ok
+      && (flag_ms_extensions || !declspecs->typedef_p))
+    {
+      if (flag_ms_extensions)
+        ok = true;
+      else if (flag_iso)
+        ok = false;
+      else if (TYPE_NAME (type) == NULL)
+        ok = true;
+      else
+        ok = false;
+    }
+      if (!ok)
+    {
+      pedwarn (loc, 0, "declaration does not declare anything");
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+      pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "ISO C doesn%'t support unnamed structs/unions");
+    }
+
+  value = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, FIELD, false,
+              width ? &width : NULL, decl_attrs, NULL, NULL,
+              DEPRECATED_NORMAL);
+
+  finish_decl (value, loc, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE);
+  DECL_INITIAL (value) = width;
+
+  if (warn_cxx_compat && DECL_NAME (value) != NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      /* If we currently have a binding for this field, set the
+     in_struct field in the binding, so that we warn about lookups
+     which find it.  */
+      struct c_binding *b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (DECL_NAME (value));
+      if (b != NULL)
+    {
+      /* If the in_struct field is not yet set, push it on a list
+         to be cleared when this struct is finished.  */
+      if (!b->in_struct)
+        {
+          VEC_safe_push (c_binding_ptr, heap,
+                 struct_parse_info->fields, b);
+          b->in_struct = 1;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  return value;
+}
+
+/* Generate an error for any duplicate field names in FIELDLIST.  Munge
+   the list such that this does not present a problem later.  */
+
+static void
+detect_field_duplicates (tree fieldlist)
+{
+  tree x, y;
+  int timeout = 10;
+
+  /* First, see if there are more than "a few" fields.
+     This is trivially true if there are zero or one fields.  */
+  if (!fieldlist)
+    return;
+  x = TREE_CHAIN (fieldlist);
+  if (!x)
+    return;
+  do {
+    timeout--;
+    x = TREE_CHAIN (x);
+  } while (timeout > 0 && x);
+
+  /* If there were "few" fields, avoid the overhead of allocating
+     a hash table.  Instead just do the nested traversal thing.  */
+  if (timeout > 0)
+    {
+      for (x = TREE_CHAIN (fieldlist); x ; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    if (DECL_NAME (x))
+      {
+        for (y = fieldlist; y != x; y = TREE_CHAIN (y))
+          if (DECL_NAME (y) == DECL_NAME (x))
+        {
+          error ("duplicate member %q+D", x);
+          DECL_NAME (x) = NULL_TREE;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      htab_t htab = htab_create (37, htab_hash_pointer, htab_eq_pointer, NULL);
+      void **slot;
+
+      for (x = fieldlist; x ; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    if ((y = DECL_NAME (x)) != 0)
+      {
+        slot = htab_find_slot (htab, y, INSERT);
+        if (*slot)
+          {
+        error ("duplicate member %q+D", x);
+        DECL_NAME (x) = NULL_TREE;
+          }
+        *slot = y;
+      }
+
+      htab_delete (htab);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Finish up struct info used by -Wc++-compat.  */
+
+static void
+warn_cxx_compat_finish_struct (tree fieldlist)
+{
+  unsigned int ix;
+  tree x;
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  /* Set the C_TYPE_DEFINED_IN_STRUCT flag for each type defined in
+     the current struct.  We do this now at the end of the struct
+     because the flag is used to issue visibility warnings, and we
+     only want to issue those warnings if the type is referenced
+     outside of the struct declaration.  */
+  for (ix = 0; VEC_iterate (tree, struct_parse_info->struct_types, ix, x); ++ix)
+    C_TYPE_DEFINED_IN_STRUCT (x) = 1;
+
+  /* The TYPEDEFS_SEEN field of STRUCT_PARSE_INFO is a list of
+     typedefs used when declaring fields in this struct.  If the name
+     of any of the fields is also a typedef name then the struct would
+     not parse in C++, because the C++ lookup rules say that the
+     typedef name would be looked up in the context of the struct, and
+     would thus be the field rather than the typedef.  */
+  if (!VEC_empty (tree, struct_parse_info->typedefs_seen)
+      && fieldlist != NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      /* Use a pointer_set using the name of the typedef.  We can use
+     a pointer_set because identifiers are interned.  */
+      struct pointer_set_t *tset = pointer_set_create ();
+
+      for (ix = 0;
+       VEC_iterate (tree, struct_parse_info->typedefs_seen, ix, x);
+       ++ix)
+    pointer_set_insert (tset, DECL_NAME (x));
+
+      for (x = fieldlist; x != NULL_TREE; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    {
+      if (pointer_set_contains (tset, DECL_NAME (x)))
+        {
+          warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (x), OPT_Wc___compat,
+              ("using %qD as both field and typedef name is "
+               "invalid in C++"),
+              x);
+          /* FIXME: It would be nice to report the location where
+         the typedef name is used.  */
+        }
+    }
+
+      pointer_set_destroy (tset);
+    }
+
+  /* For each field which has a binding and which was not defined in
+     an enclosing struct, clear the in_struct field.  */
+  for (ix = 0;
+       VEC_iterate (c_binding_ptr, struct_parse_info->fields, ix, b);
+       ++ix)
+    b->in_struct = 0;
+}
+
+/* Fill in the fields of a RECORD_TYPE or UNION_TYPE node, T.
+   LOC is the location of the RECORD_TYPE or UNION_TYPE's definition.
+   FIELDLIST is a chain of FIELD_DECL nodes for the fields.
+   ATTRIBUTES are attributes to be applied to the structure.
+
+   ENCLOSING_STRUCT_PARSE_INFO is the value of STRUCT_PARSE_INFO when
+   the struct was started.  */
+
+tree
+finish_struct (location_t loc, tree t, tree fieldlist, tree attributes,
+           struct c_struct_parse_info *enclosing_struct_parse_info)
+{
+  tree x;
+  bool toplevel = file_scope == current_scope;
+  int saw_named_field;
+
+  /* If this type was previously laid out as a forward reference,
+     make sure we lay it out again.  */
+
+  TYPE_SIZE (t) = 0;
+
+  decl_attributes (&t, attributes, (int) ATTR_FLAG_TYPE_IN_PLACE);
+
+  if (pedantic)
+    {
+      for (x = fieldlist; x; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    if (DECL_NAME (x) != 0)
+      break;
+
+      if (x == 0)
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (t) == UNION_TYPE)
+        {
+          if (fieldlist)
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "union has no named members");
+          else
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "union has no members");
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          if (fieldlist)
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "struct has no named members");
+          else
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic, "struct has no members");
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Install struct as DECL_CONTEXT of each field decl.
+     Also process specified field sizes, found in the DECL_INITIAL,
+     storing 0 there after the type has been changed to precision equal
+     to its width, rather than the precision of the specified standard
+     type.  (Correct layout requires the original type to have been preserved
+     until now.)  */
+
+  saw_named_field = 0;
+  for (x = fieldlist; x; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    {
+      if (TREE_TYPE (x) == error_mark_node)
+    continue;
+
+      DECL_CONTEXT (x) = t;
+
+      /* If any field is const, the structure type is pseudo-const.  */
+      if (TREE_READONLY (x))
+    C_TYPE_FIELDS_READONLY (t) = 1;
+      else
+    {
+      /* A field that is pseudo-const makes the structure likewise.  */
+      tree t1 = TREE_TYPE (x);
+      while (TREE_CODE (t1) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+        t1 = TREE_TYPE (t1);
+      if ((TREE_CODE (t1) == RECORD_TYPE || TREE_CODE (t1) == UNION_TYPE)
+          && C_TYPE_FIELDS_READONLY (t1))
+        C_TYPE_FIELDS_READONLY (t) = 1;
+    }
+
+      /* Any field that is volatile means variables of this type must be
+     treated in some ways as volatile.  */
+      if (TREE_THIS_VOLATILE (x))
+    C_TYPE_FIELDS_VOLATILE (t) = 1;
+
+      /* Any field of nominal variable size implies structure is too.  */
+      if (C_DECL_VARIABLE_SIZE (x))
+    C_TYPE_VARIABLE_SIZE (t) = 1;
+
+      if (DECL_INITIAL (x))
+    {
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT width = tree_low_cst (DECL_INITIAL (x), 1);
+      DECL_SIZE (x) = bitsize_int (width);
+      DECL_BIT_FIELD (x) = 1;
+      SET_DECL_C_BIT_FIELD (x);
+    }
+
+      if (TYPE_PACKED (t)
+      && (DECL_BIT_FIELD (x)
+          || TYPE_ALIGN (TREE_TYPE (x)) > BITS_PER_UNIT))
+    DECL_PACKED (x) = 1;
+
+      /* Detect flexible array member in an invalid context.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == ARRAY_TYPE
+      && TYPE_SIZE (TREE_TYPE (x)) == NULL_TREE
+      && TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (x)) != NULL_TREE
+      && TYPE_MAX_VALUE (TYPE_DOMAIN (TREE_TYPE (x))) == NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (t) == UNION_TYPE)
+        {
+          error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (x),
+            "flexible array member in union");
+          TREE_TYPE (x) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+      else if (TREE_CHAIN (x) != NULL_TREE)
+        {
+          error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (x),
+            "flexible array member not at end of struct");
+          TREE_TYPE (x) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+      else if (!saw_named_field)
+        {
+          error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (x),
+            "flexible array member in otherwise empty struct");
+          TREE_TYPE (x) = error_mark_node;
+        }
+    }
+
+      if (pedantic && TREE_CODE (t) == RECORD_TYPE
+      && flexible_array_type_p (TREE_TYPE (x)))
+    pedwarn (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (x), OPT_pedantic,
+         "invalid use of structure with flexible array member");
+
+      if (DECL_NAME (x))
+    saw_named_field = 1;
+    }
+
+  detect_field_duplicates (fieldlist);
+
+  /* Now we have the nearly final fieldlist.  Record it,
+     then lay out the structure or union (including the fields).  */
+
+  TYPE_FIELDS (t) = fieldlist;
+
+  layout_type (t);
+
+  /* Give bit-fields their proper types.  */
+  {
+    tree *fieldlistp = &fieldlist;
+    while (*fieldlistp)
+      if (TREE_CODE (*fieldlistp) == FIELD_DECL && DECL_INITIAL (*fieldlistp)
+      && TREE_TYPE (*fieldlistp) != error_mark_node)
+    {
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT width
+        = tree_low_cst (DECL_INITIAL (*fieldlistp), 1);
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (*fieldlistp);
+      if (width != TYPE_PRECISION (type))
+        {
+          TREE_TYPE (*fieldlistp)
+        = c_build_bitfield_integer_type (width, TYPE_UNSIGNED (type));
+          DECL_MODE (*fieldlistp) = TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (*fieldlistp));
+        }
+      DECL_INITIAL (*fieldlistp) = 0;
+    }
+      else
+    fieldlistp = &TREE_CHAIN (*fieldlistp);
+  }
+
+  /* Now we have the truly final field list.
+     Store it in this type and in the variants.  */
+
+  TYPE_FIELDS (t) = fieldlist;
+
+  /* If there are lots of fields, sort so we can look through them fast.
+     We arbitrarily consider 16 or more elts to be "a lot".  */
+
+  {
+    int len = 0;
+
+    for (x = fieldlist; x; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+      {
+    if (len > 15 || DECL_NAME (x) == NULL)
+      break;
+    len += 1;
+      }
+
+    if (len > 15)
+      {
+    tree *field_array;
+    struct lang_type *space;
+    struct sorted_fields_type *space2;
+
+    len += list_length (x);
+
+    /* Use the same allocation policy here that make_node uses, to
+      ensure that this lives as long as the rest of the struct decl.
+      All decls in an inline function need to be saved.  */
+
+    space = GGC_CNEW (struct lang_type);
+    space2 = GGC_NEWVAR (struct sorted_fields_type,
+                 sizeof (struct sorted_fields_type) + len * sizeof (tree));
+
+    len = 0;
+    space->s = space2;
+    field_array = &space2->elts[0];
+    for (x = fieldlist; x; x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+      {
+        field_array[len++] = x;
+
+        /* If there is anonymous struct or union, break out of the loop.  */
+        if (DECL_NAME (x) == NULL)
+          break;
+      }
+    /* Found no anonymous struct/union.  Add the TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC.  */
+    if (x == NULL)
+      {
+        TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (t) = space;
+        TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (t)->s->len = len;
+        field_array = TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (t)->s->elts;
+        qsort (field_array, len, sizeof (tree), field_decl_cmp);
+      }
+      }
+  }
+
+  for (x = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t); x; x = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (x))
+    {
+      TYPE_FIELDS (x) = TYPE_FIELDS (t);
+      TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (x) = TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (t);
+      C_TYPE_FIELDS_READONLY (x) = C_TYPE_FIELDS_READONLY (t);
+      C_TYPE_FIELDS_VOLATILE (x) = C_TYPE_FIELDS_VOLATILE (t);
+      C_TYPE_VARIABLE_SIZE (x) = C_TYPE_VARIABLE_SIZE (t);
+    }
+
+  /* If this was supposed to be a transparent union, but we can't
+     make it one, warn and turn off the flag.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (t) == UNION_TYPE
+      && TYPE_TRANSPARENT_UNION (t)
+      && (!TYPE_FIELDS (t) || TYPE_MODE (t) != DECL_MODE (TYPE_FIELDS (t))))
+    {
+      TYPE_TRANSPARENT_UNION (t) = 0;
+      warning_at (loc, 0, "union cannot be made transparent");
+    }
+
+  /* If this structure or union completes the type of any previous
+     variable declaration, lay it out and output its rtl.  */
+  for (x = C_TYPE_INCOMPLETE_VARS (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t));
+       x;
+       x = TREE_CHAIN (x))
+    {
+      tree decl = TREE_VALUE (x);
+      if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (decl)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    layout_array_type (TREE_TYPE (decl));
+      if (TREE_CODE (decl) != TYPE_DECL)
+    {
+      layout_decl (decl, 0);
+      if (c_dialect_objc ())
+        objc_check_decl (decl);
+      rest_of_decl_compilation (decl, toplevel, 0);
+      if (!toplevel)
+        expand_decl (decl);
+    }
+    }
+  C_TYPE_INCOMPLETE_VARS (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (t)) = 0;
+
+  /* Update type location to the one of the definition, instead of e.g.
+     a forward declaration.  */
+  if (TYPE_STUB_DECL (t))
+    DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (TYPE_STUB_DECL (t)) = loc;
+
+  /* Finish debugging output for this type.  */
+  rest_of_type_compilation (t, toplevel);
+
+  /* If we're inside a function proper, i.e. not file-scope and not still
+     parsing parameters, then arrange for the size of a variable sized type
+     to be bound now.  */
+  if (cur_stmt_list && variably_modified_type_p (t, NULL_TREE))
+    add_stmt (build_stmt (loc,
+              DECL_EXPR, build_decl (loc, TYPE_DECL, NULL, t)));
+
+  if (warn_cxx_compat)
+    warn_cxx_compat_finish_struct (fieldlist);
+
+  VEC_free (tree, heap, struct_parse_info->struct_types);
+  VEC_free (c_binding_ptr, heap, struct_parse_info->fields);
+  VEC_free (tree, heap, struct_parse_info->typedefs_seen);
+  XDELETE (struct_parse_info);
+
+  struct_parse_info = enclosing_struct_parse_info;
+
+  /* If this struct is defined inside a struct, add it to
+     struct_types.  */
+  if (warn_cxx_compat
+      && struct_parse_info != NULL
+      && !in_sizeof && !in_typeof && !in_alignof)
+    VEC_safe_push (tree, heap, struct_parse_info->struct_types, t);
+
+  return t;
+}
+
+/* Lay out the type T, and its element type, and so on.  */
+
+static void
+layout_array_type (tree t)
+{
+  if (TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (t)) == ARRAY_TYPE)
+    layout_array_type (TREE_TYPE (t));
+  layout_type (t);
+}
+
+/* Begin compiling the definition of an enumeration type.
+   NAME is its name (or null if anonymous).
+   LOC is the enum's location.
+   Returns the type object, as yet incomplete.
+   Also records info about it so that build_enumerator
+   may be used to declare the individual values as they are read.  */
+
+tree
+start_enum (location_t loc, struct c_enum_contents *the_enum, tree name)
+{
+  tree enumtype = NULL_TREE;
+  location_t enumloc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
+
+  /* If this is the real definition for a previous forward reference,
+     fill in the contents in the same object that used to be the
+     forward reference.  */
+
+  if (name != NULL_TREE)
+    enumtype = lookup_tag (ENUMERAL_TYPE, name, 1, &enumloc);
+
+  if (enumtype == 0 || TREE_CODE (enumtype) != ENUMERAL_TYPE)
+    {
+      enumtype = make_node (ENUMERAL_TYPE);
+      pushtag (loc, name, enumtype);
+    }
+
+  if (C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (enumtype))
+    error_at (loc, "nested redefinition of %<enum %E%>", name);
+
+  C_TYPE_BEING_DEFINED (enumtype) = 1;
+
+  if (TYPE_VALUES (enumtype) != 0)
+    {
+      /* This enum is a named one that has been declared already.  */
+      error_at (loc, "redeclaration of %<enum %E%>", name);
+      if (enumloc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+    inform (enumloc, "originally defined here");
+
+      /* Completely replace its old definition.
+     The old enumerators remain defined, however.  */
+      TYPE_VALUES (enumtype) = 0;
+    }
+
+  the_enum->enum_next_value = integer_zero_node;
+  the_enum->enum_overflow = 0;
+
+  if (flag_short_enums)
+    TYPE_PACKED (enumtype) = 1;
+
+  /* FIXME: This will issue a warning for a use of a type defined
+     within sizeof in a statement expr.  This is not terribly serious
+     as C++ doesn't permit statement exprs within sizeof anyhow.  */
+  if (warn_cxx_compat && (in_sizeof || in_typeof || in_alignof))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+        "defining type in %qs expression is invalid in C++",
+        (in_sizeof
+         ? "sizeof"
+         : (in_typeof ? "typeof" : "alignof")));
+
+  return enumtype;
+}
+
+/* After processing and defining all the values of an enumeration type,
+   install their decls in the enumeration type and finish it off.
+   ENUMTYPE is the type object, VALUES a list of decl-value pairs,
+   and ATTRIBUTES are the specified attributes.
+   Returns ENUMTYPE.  */
+
+tree
+finish_enum (tree enumtype, tree values, tree attributes)
+{
+  tree pair, tem;
+  tree minnode = 0, maxnode = 0;
+  int precision, unsign;
+  bool toplevel = (file_scope == current_scope);
+  struct lang_type *lt;
+
+  decl_attributes (&enumtype, attributes, (int) ATTR_FLAG_TYPE_IN_PLACE);
+
+  /* Calculate the maximum value of any enumerator in this type.  */
+
+  if (values == error_mark_node)
+    minnode = maxnode = integer_zero_node;
+  else
+    {
+      minnode = maxnode = TREE_VALUE (values);
+      for (pair = TREE_CHAIN (values); pair; pair = TREE_CHAIN (pair))
+    {
+      tree value = TREE_VALUE (pair);
+      if (tree_int_cst_lt (maxnode, value))
+        maxnode = value;
+      if (tree_int_cst_lt (value, minnode))
+        minnode = value;
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Construct the final type of this enumeration.  It is the same
+     as one of the integral types - the narrowest one that fits, except
+     that normally we only go as narrow as int - and signed iff any of
+     the values are negative.  */
+  unsign = (tree_int_cst_sgn (minnode) >= 0);
+  precision = MAX (tree_int_cst_min_precision (minnode, unsign),
+           tree_int_cst_min_precision (maxnode, unsign));
+
+  if (TYPE_PACKED (enumtype) || precision > TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
+    {
+      tem = c_common_type_for_size (precision, unsign);
+      if (tem == NULL)
+    {
+      warning (0, "enumeration values exceed range of largest integer");
+      tem = long_long_integer_type_node;
+    }
+    }
+  else
+    tem = unsign ? unsigned_type_node : integer_type_node;
+
+  TYPE_MIN_VALUE (enumtype) = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (tem);
+  TYPE_MAX_VALUE (enumtype) = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (tem);
+  TYPE_UNSIGNED (enumtype) = TYPE_UNSIGNED (tem);
+  TYPE_SIZE (enumtype) = 0;
+
+  /* If the precision of the type was specific with an attribute and it
+     was too small, give an error.  Otherwise, use it.  */
+  if (TYPE_PRECISION (enumtype))
+    {
+      if (precision > TYPE_PRECISION (enumtype))
+    error ("specified mode too small for enumeral values");
+    }
+  else
+    TYPE_PRECISION (enumtype) = TYPE_PRECISION (tem);
+
+  layout_type (enumtype);
+
+  if (values != error_mark_node)
+    {
+      /* Change the type of the enumerators to be the enum type.  We
+     need to do this irrespective of the size of the enum, for
+     proper type checking.  Replace the DECL_INITIALs of the
+     enumerators, and the value slots of the list, with copies
+     that have the enum type; they cannot be modified in place
+     because they may be shared (e.g.  integer_zero_node) Finally,
+     change the purpose slots to point to the names of the decls.  */
+      for (pair = values; pair; pair = TREE_CHAIN (pair))
+    {
+      tree enu = TREE_PURPOSE (pair);
+      tree ini = DECL_INITIAL (enu);
+
+      TREE_TYPE (enu) = enumtype;
+
+      /* The ISO C Standard mandates enumerators to have type int,
+         even though the underlying type of an enum type is
+         unspecified.  However, GCC allows enumerators of any
+         integer type as an extensions.  build_enumerator()
+         converts any enumerators that fit in an int to type int,
+         to avoid promotions to unsigned types when comparing
+         integers with enumerators that fit in the int range.
+         When -pedantic is given, build_enumerator() would have
+         already warned about those that don't fit. Here we
+         convert the rest to the enumerator type. */
+      if (TREE_TYPE (ini) != integer_type_node)
+        ini = convert (enumtype, ini);
+
+      DECL_INITIAL (enu) = ini;
+      TREE_PURPOSE (pair) = DECL_NAME (enu);
+      TREE_VALUE (pair) = ini;
+    }
+
+      TYPE_VALUES (enumtype) = values;
+    }
+
+  /* Record the min/max values so that we can warn about bit-field
+     enumerations that are too small for the values.  */
+  lt = GGC_CNEW (struct lang_type);
+  lt->enum_min = minnode;
+  lt->enum_max = maxnode;
+  TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (enumtype) = lt;
+
+  /* Fix up all variant types of this enum type.  */
+  for (tem = TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (enumtype); tem; tem = TYPE_NEXT_VARIANT (tem))
+    {
+      if (tem == enumtype)
+    continue;
+      TYPE_VALUES (tem) = TYPE_VALUES (enumtype);
+      TYPE_MIN_VALUE (tem) = TYPE_MIN_VALUE (enumtype);
+      TYPE_MAX_VALUE (tem) = TYPE_MAX_VALUE (enumtype);
+      TYPE_SIZE (tem) = TYPE_SIZE (enumtype);
+      TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (tem) = TYPE_SIZE_UNIT (enumtype);
+      SET_TYPE_MODE (tem, TYPE_MODE (enumtype));
+      TYPE_PRECISION (tem) = TYPE_PRECISION (enumtype);
+      TYPE_ALIGN (tem) = TYPE_ALIGN (enumtype);
+      TYPE_USER_ALIGN (tem) = TYPE_USER_ALIGN (enumtype);
+      TYPE_UNSIGNED (tem) = TYPE_UNSIGNED (enumtype);
+      TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (tem) = TYPE_LANG_SPECIFIC (enumtype);
+    }
+
+  /* Finish debugging output for this type.  */
+  rest_of_type_compilation (enumtype, toplevel);
+
+  /* If this enum is defined inside a struct, add it to
+     struct_types.  */
+  if (warn_cxx_compat
+      && struct_parse_info != NULL
+      && !in_sizeof && !in_typeof && !in_alignof)
+    VEC_safe_push (tree, heap, struct_parse_info->struct_types, enumtype);
+
+  return enumtype;
+}
+
+/* Build and install a CONST_DECL for one value of the
+   current enumeration type (one that was begun with start_enum).
+   LOC is the location of the enumerator.
+   Return a tree-list containing the CONST_DECL and its value.
+   Assignment of sequential values by default is handled here.  */
+
+tree
+build_enumerator (location_t loc,
+          struct c_enum_contents *the_enum, tree name, tree value)
+{
+  tree decl, type;
+
+  /* Validate and default VALUE.  */
+
+  if (value != 0)
+    {
+      /* Don't issue more errors for error_mark_node (i.e. an
+     undeclared identifier) - just ignore the value expression.  */
+      if (value == error_mark_node)
+    value = 0;
+      else if (!INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (value)))
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "enumerator value for %qE is not an integer constant",
+            name);
+      value = 0;
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      if (TREE_CODE (value) != INTEGER_CST)
+        {
+          value = c_fully_fold (value, false, NULL);
+          if (TREE_CODE (value) == INTEGER_CST)
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+             "enumerator value for %qE is not an integer "
+             "constant expression", name);
+        }
+      if (TREE_CODE (value) != INTEGER_CST)
+        {
+          error ("enumerator value for %qE is not an integer constant",
+             name);
+          value = 0;
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          value = default_conversion (value);
+          constant_expression_warning (value);
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Default based on previous value.  */
+  /* It should no longer be possible to have NON_LVALUE_EXPR
+     in the default.  */
+  if (value == 0)
+    {
+      value = the_enum->enum_next_value;
+      if (the_enum->enum_overflow)
+    error_at (loc, "overflow in enumeration values");
+    }
+  /* Even though the underlying type of an enum is unspecified, the
+     type of enumeration constants is explicitly defined as int
+     (6.4.4.3/2 in the C99 Standard).  GCC allows any integer type as
+     an extension.  */
+  else if (!int_fits_type_p (value, integer_type_node))
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+         "ISO C restricts enumerator values to range of %<int%>");
+
+  /* The ISO C Standard mandates enumerators to have type int, even
+     though the underlying type of an enum type is unspecified.
+     However, GCC allows enumerators of any integer type as an
+     extensions.  Here we convert any enumerators that fit in an int
+     to type int, to avoid promotions to unsigned types when comparing
+     integers with enumerators that fit in the int range.  When
+     -pedantic is given, we would have already warned about those that
+     don't fit. We have to do this here rather than in finish_enum
+     because this value may be used to define more enumerators.  */
+  if (int_fits_type_p (value, integer_type_node))
+    value = convert (integer_type_node, value);
+
+  /* Set basis for default for next value.  */
+  the_enum->enum_next_value
+    = build_binary_op
+         (EXPR_HAS_LOCATION (value) ? EXPR_LOCATION (value) : input_location,
+     PLUS_EXPR, value, integer_one_node, 0);
+  the_enum->enum_overflow = tree_int_cst_lt (the_enum->enum_next_value, value);
+
+  /* Now create a declaration for the enum value name.  */
+
+  type = TREE_TYPE (value);
+  type = c_common_type_for_size (MAX (TYPE_PRECISION (type),
+                      TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node)),
+                 (TYPE_PRECISION (type)
+                  >= TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node)
+                  && TYPE_UNSIGNED (type)));
+
+  decl = build_decl (loc, CONST_DECL, name, type);
+  DECL_INITIAL (decl) = convert (type, value);
+  pushdecl (decl);
+
+  return tree_cons (decl, value, NULL_TREE);
+}
+
+#ifndef noCbC
+#define CbC_STACK_SIZE (1024 * 8)
+static void cbc_set_codesegment(tree fndecl){
+  tree args;
+  tree *nextp;
+//  tree itype;
+//  tree icst;
+//  tree padding_array;
+//  tree list;
+  int padding_size = CbC_STACK_SIZE;
+
+  //CbC_IS_CODE_SEGMENT(TREE_TYPE(fndecl)) = 1;
+  //CbC_IS_CODE_SEGMENT(fndecl) = 1;
+
+  nextp = & TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl));
+  for (args = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)); args;
+      args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
+    {
+      tree type = args ? TREE_VALUE (args) : 0;
+      tree type_size;
+      unsigned int size;
+
+      if (type == void_type_node)
+    break;
+
+      type_size = TYPE_SIZE (type);
+      size = TREE_INT_CST_LOW (type_size);
+      padding_size -= size;
+
+      nextp = & TREE_CHAIN(args);
+    }
+
+  /* error check.  */
+  if (padding_size<0)
+    {
+      error ("CbC: too many arguments on code segment %qE", fndecl);
+      return ;
+    }
+  else if (padding_size==0)
+    return ;
+
+#if 0
+  /* itype is integer_type that means last index.  */
+  icst  = build_int_cst (NULL_TREE, padding_size-1);
+  itype = build_index_type (icst);
+
+  /* create array_type node.  */
+  padding_array = build_array_type (integer_type_node, itype);
+
+  /* add array_type to this function's argument list
+     before void_type_node.  */
+  if (!args)
+    args = build_tree_list(NULL_TREE, void_type_node);
+  list = build_tree_list(NULL_TREE, padding_array);
+  TREE_CHAIN(list) = args;
+  *nextp = list;
+#endif
+
+  return ;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/* Create the FUNCTION_DECL for a function definition.
+   DECLSPECS, DECLARATOR and ATTRIBUTES are the parts of
+   the declaration; they describe the function's name and the type it returns,
+   but twisted together in a fashion that parallels the syntax of C.
+
+   This function creates a binding context for the function body
+   as well as setting up the FUNCTION_DECL in current_function_decl.
+
+   Returns 1 on success.  If the DECLARATOR is not suitable for a function
+   (it defines a datum instead), we return 0, which tells
+   yyparse to report a parse error.  */
+
+int
+start_function (struct c_declspecs *declspecs, struct c_declarator *declarator,
+        tree attributes)
+{
+  tree decl1, old_decl;
+  tree restype, resdecl;
+  location_t loc;
+
+  current_function_returns_value = 0;  /* Assume, until we see it does.  */
+  current_function_returns_null = 0;
+  current_function_returns_abnormally = 0;
+  warn_about_return_type = 0;
+  c_switch_stack = NULL;
+
+  /* Indicate no valid break/continue context by setting these variables
+     to some non-null, non-label value.  We'll notice and emit the proper
+     error message in c_finish_bc_stmt.  */
+  c_break_label = c_cont_label = size_zero_node;
+
+  decl1 = grokdeclarator (declarator, declspecs, FUNCDEF, true, NULL,
+              &attributes, NULL, NULL, DEPRECATED_NORMAL);
+
+#ifndef noCbC
+  cbc_return_f = NULL_TREE;
+  cbc_env = NULL_TREE;
+  if ( declspecs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code )
+    {
+      cbc_set_codesegment(decl1);
+      //CbC_IS_CODE_SEGMENT(TREE_TYPE(decl1)) = 1;
+    }
+#endif
+
+  /* If the declarator is not suitable for a function definition,
+     cause a syntax error.  */
+  if (decl1 == 0)
+    return 0;
+
+  loc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl1);
+
+  decl_attributes (&decl1, attributes, 0);
+
+  if (DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (decl1)
+      && DECL_UNINLINABLE (decl1)
+      && lookup_attribute ("noinline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl1)))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wattributes,
+        "inline function %qD given attribute noinline",
+        decl1);
+
+  /* Handle gnu_inline attribute.  */
+  if (declspecs->inline_p
+      && !flag_gnu89_inline
+      && TREE_CODE (decl1) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && (lookup_attribute ("gnu_inline", DECL_ATTRIBUTES (decl1))
+      || current_function_decl))
+    {
+      if (declspecs->storage_class != csc_static)
+    DECL_EXTERNAL (decl1) = !DECL_EXTERNAL (decl1);
+    }
+
+  announce_function (decl1);
+
+  if (!COMPLETE_OR_VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl1))))
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "return type is an incomplete type");
+      /* Make it return void instead.  */
+      TREE_TYPE (decl1)
+    = build_function_type (void_type_node,
+                   TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl1)));
+    }
+
+  if (warn_about_return_type)
+    pedwarn_c99 (loc, flag_isoc99 ? 0
+         : (warn_return_type ? OPT_Wreturn_type : OPT_Wimplicit_int),
+         "return type defaults to %<int%>");
+
+  /* Make the init_value nonzero so pushdecl knows this is not tentative.
+     error_mark_node is replaced below (in pop_scope) with the BLOCK.  */
+  DECL_INITIAL (decl1) = error_mark_node;
+
+  /* If this definition isn't a prototype and we had a prototype declaration
+     before, copy the arg type info from that prototype.  */
+  old_decl = lookup_name_in_scope (DECL_NAME (decl1), current_scope);
+  if (old_decl && TREE_CODE (old_decl) != FUNCTION_DECL)
+    old_decl = 0;
+  current_function_prototype_locus = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
+  current_function_prototype_built_in = false;
+  current_function_prototype_arg_types = NULL_TREE;
+  if (TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl1)) == 0)
+    {
+      if (old_decl != 0 && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (old_decl)) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+      && comptypes (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl1)),
+            TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (old_decl))))
+    {
+      TREE_TYPE (decl1) = composite_type (TREE_TYPE (old_decl),
+                          TREE_TYPE (decl1));
+      current_function_prototype_locus = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (old_decl);
+      current_function_prototype_built_in
+        = C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (old_decl);
+      current_function_prototype_arg_types
+        = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl1));
+    }
+      if (TREE_PUBLIC (decl1))
+    {
+      /* If there is an external prototype declaration of this
+         function, record its location but do not copy information
+         to this decl.  This may be an invisible declaration
+         (built-in or in a scope which has finished) or simply
+         have more refined argument types than any declaration
+         found above.  */
+      struct c_binding *b;
+      for (b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (DECL_NAME (decl1)); b; b = b->shadowed)
+        if (B_IN_SCOPE (b, external_scope))
+          break;
+      if (b)
+        {
+          tree ext_decl, ext_type;
+          ext_decl = b->decl;
+          ext_type = b->u.type ? b->u.type : TREE_TYPE (ext_decl);
+          if (TREE_CODE (ext_type) == FUNCTION_TYPE
+          && comptypes (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl1)),
+                TREE_TYPE (ext_type)))
+        {
+          current_function_prototype_locus
+            = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (ext_decl);
+          current_function_prototype_built_in
+            = C_DECL_BUILTIN_PROTOTYPE (ext_decl);
+          current_function_prototype_arg_types
+            = TYPE_ARG_TYPES (ext_type);
+        }
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Optionally warn of old-fashioned def with no previous prototype.  */
+  if (warn_strict_prototypes
+      && old_decl != error_mark_node
+      && TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (decl1)) == 0
+      && C_DECL_ISNT_PROTOTYPE (old_decl))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wstrict_prototypes,
+        "function declaration isn%'t a prototype");
+  /* Optionally warn of any global def with no previous prototype.  */
+  else if (warn_missing_prototypes
+       && old_decl != error_mark_node
+       && TREE_PUBLIC (decl1)
+       && !MAIN_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (decl1))
+       && C_DECL_ISNT_PROTOTYPE (old_decl))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wmissing_prototypes,
+        "no previous prototype for %qD", decl1);
+  /* Optionally warn of any def with no previous prototype
+     if the function has already been used.  */
+  else if (warn_missing_prototypes
+       && old_decl != 0
+       && old_decl != error_mark_node
+       && TREE_USED (old_decl)
+       && TYPE_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (old_decl)) == 0)
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wmissing_prototypes,
+        "%qD was used with no prototype before its definition", decl1);
+  /* Optionally warn of any global def with no previous declaration.  */
+  else if (warn_missing_declarations
+       && TREE_PUBLIC (decl1)
+       && old_decl == 0
+       && !MAIN_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (decl1)))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wmissing_declarations,
+        "no previous declaration for %qD",
+        decl1);
+  /* Optionally warn of any def with no previous declaration
+     if the function has already been used.  */
+  else if (warn_missing_declarations
+       && old_decl != 0
+       && old_decl != error_mark_node
+       && TREE_USED (old_decl)
+       && C_DECL_IMPLICIT (old_decl))
+    warning_at (loc, OPT_Wmissing_declarations,
+        "%qD was used with no declaration before its definition", decl1);
+
+  /* This function exists in static storage.
+     (This does not mean `static' in the C sense!)  */
+  TREE_STATIC (decl1) = 1;
+
+  /* A nested function is not global.  */
+  if (current_function_decl != 0)
+    TREE_PUBLIC (decl1) = 0;
+
+  /* This is the earliest point at which we might know the assembler
+     name of the function.  Thus, if it's set before this, die horribly.  */
+  gcc_assert (!DECL_ASSEMBLER_NAME_SET_P (decl1));
+
+  /* If #pragma weak was used, mark the decl weak now.  */
+  if (current_scope == file_scope)
+    maybe_apply_pragma_weak (decl1);
+
+  /* Warn for unlikely, improbable, or stupid declarations of `main'.  */
+  if (warn_main && MAIN_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (decl1)))
+    {
+      if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (decl1)))
+      != integer_type_node)
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_Wmain, "return type of %qD is not %<int%>", decl1);
+
+      check_main_parameter_types (decl1);
+
+      if (!TREE_PUBLIC (decl1))
+    pedwarn (loc, OPT_Wmain,
+         "%qD is normally a non-static function", decl1);
+    }
+
+  /* Record the decl so that the function name is defined.
+     If we already have a decl for this name, and it is a FUNCTION_DECL,
+     use the old decl.  */
+
+  current_function_decl = pushdecl (decl1);
+
+  push_scope ();
+  declare_parm_level ();
+
+  restype = TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (current_function_decl));
+  resdecl = build_decl (loc, RESULT_DECL, NULL_TREE, restype);
+  DECL_ARTIFICIAL (resdecl) = 1;
+  DECL_IGNORED_P (resdecl) = 1;
+  DECL_RESULT (current_function_decl) = resdecl;
+
+  start_fname_decls ();
+
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of store_parm_decls which handles new-style function
+   definitions (prototype format). The parms already have decls, so we
+   need only record them as in effect and complain if any redundant
+   old-style parm decls were written.  */
+static void
+store_parm_decls_newstyle (tree fndecl, const struct c_arg_info *arg_info)
+{
+  tree decl;
+
+  if (current_scope->bindings)
+    {
+      error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl),
+        "old-style parameter declarations in prototyped "
+        "function definition");
+
+      /* Get rid of the old-style declarations.  */
+      pop_scope ();
+      push_scope ();
+    }
+  /* Don't issue this warning for nested functions, and don't issue this
+     warning if we got here because ARG_INFO_TYPES was error_mark_node
+     (this happens when a function definition has just an ellipsis in
+     its parameter list).  */
+  else if (!in_system_header && !current_function_scope
+       && arg_info->types != error_mark_node)
+    warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl), OPT_Wtraditional,
+        "traditional C rejects ISO C style function definitions");
+
+  /* Now make all the parameter declarations visible in the function body.
+     We can bypass most of the grunt work of pushdecl.  */
+  for (decl = arg_info->parms; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    {
+      DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
+      if (DECL_NAME (decl))
+    {
+      bind (DECL_NAME (decl), decl, current_scope,
+        /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false,
+        UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+      if (!TREE_USED (decl))
+        warn_if_shadowing (decl);
+    }
+      else
+    error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl), "parameter name omitted");
+    }
+
+  /* Record the parameter list in the function declaration.  */
+  DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl) = arg_info->parms;
+
+  /* Now make all the ancillary declarations visible, likewise.  */
+  for (decl = arg_info->others; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    {
+      DECL_CONTEXT (decl) = current_function_decl;
+      if (DECL_NAME (decl))
+    bind (DECL_NAME (decl), decl, current_scope,
+          /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+    }
+
+  /* And all the tag declarations.  */
+  for (decl = arg_info->tags; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    if (TREE_PURPOSE (decl))
+      bind (TREE_PURPOSE (decl), TREE_VALUE (decl), current_scope,
+        /*invisible=*/false, /*nested=*/false, UNKNOWN_LOCATION);
+}
+
+/* Subroutine of store_parm_decls which handles old-style function
+   definitions (separate parameter list and declarations).  */
+
+static void
+store_parm_decls_oldstyle (tree fndecl, const struct c_arg_info *arg_info)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+  tree parm, decl, last;
+  tree parmids = arg_info->parms;
+  struct pointer_set_t *seen_args = pointer_set_create ();
+
+  if (!in_system_header)
+    warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl),
+        OPT_Wold_style_definition, "old-style function definition");
+
+  /* Match each formal parameter name with its declaration.  Save each
+     decl in the appropriate TREE_PURPOSE slot of the parmids chain.  */
+  for (parm = parmids; parm; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm))
+    {
+      if (TREE_VALUE (parm) == 0)
+    {
+      error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl),
+            "parameter name missing from parameter list");
+      TREE_PURPOSE (parm) = 0;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+      b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (TREE_VALUE (parm));
+      if (b && B_IN_CURRENT_SCOPE (b))
+    {
+      decl = b->decl;
+      /* If we got something other than a PARM_DECL it is an error.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (decl) != PARM_DECL)
+        error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+              "%qD declared as a non-parameter", decl);
+      /* If the declaration is already marked, we have a duplicate
+         name.  Complain and ignore the duplicate.  */
+      else if (pointer_set_contains (seen_args, decl))
+        {
+          error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+            "multiple parameters named %qD", decl);
+          TREE_PURPOSE (parm) = 0;
+          continue;
+        }
+      /* If the declaration says "void", complain and turn it into
+         an int.  */
+      else if (VOID_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (decl)))
+        {
+          error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+            "parameter %qD declared with void type", decl);
+          TREE_TYPE (decl) = integer_type_node;
+          DECL_ARG_TYPE (decl) = integer_type_node;
+          layout_decl (decl, 0);
+        }
+      warn_if_shadowing (decl);
+    }
+      /* If no declaration found, default to int.  */
+      else
+    {
+      /* FIXME diagnostics: This should be the location of the argument,
+         not the FNDECL.  E.g., for an old-style declaration
+
+           int f10(v) { blah; }
+
+         We should use the location of the V, not the F10.
+         Unfortunately, the V is an IDENTIFIER_NODE which has no
+         location.  In the future we need locations for c_arg_info
+         entries.
+
+         See gcc.dg/Wshadow-3.c for an example of this problem. */
+      decl = build_decl (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl),
+                 PARM_DECL, TREE_VALUE (parm), integer_type_node);
+      DECL_ARG_TYPE (decl) = TREE_TYPE (decl);
+      pushdecl (decl);
+      warn_if_shadowing (decl);
+
+      if (flag_isoc99)
+        pedwarn (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+             0, "type of %qD defaults to %<int%>", decl);
+      else
+        warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl),
+            OPT_Wmissing_parameter_type,
+            "type of %qD defaults to %<int%>", decl);
+    }
+
+      TREE_PURPOSE (parm) = decl;
+      pointer_set_insert (seen_args, decl);
+    }
+
+  /* Now examine the parms chain for incomplete declarations
+     and declarations with no corresponding names.  */
+
+  for (b = current_scope->bindings; b; b = b->prev)
+    {
+      parm = b->decl;
+      if (TREE_CODE (parm) != PARM_DECL)
+    continue;
+
+      if (TREE_TYPE (parm) != error_mark_node
+      && !COMPLETE_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (parm)))
+    {
+      error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+            "parameter %qD has incomplete type", parm);
+      TREE_TYPE (parm) = error_mark_node;
+    }
+
+      if (!pointer_set_contains (seen_args, parm))
+    {
+      error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+            "declaration for parameter %qD but no such parameter",
+            parm);
+
+      /* Pretend the parameter was not missing.
+         This gets us to a standard state and minimizes
+         further error messages.  */
+      parmids = chainon (parmids, tree_cons (parm, 0, 0));
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Chain the declarations together in the order of the list of
+     names.  Store that chain in the function decl, replacing the
+     list of names.  Update the current scope to match.  */
+  DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl) = 0;
+
+  for (parm = parmids; parm; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm))
+    if (TREE_PURPOSE (parm))
+      break;
+  if (parm && TREE_PURPOSE (parm))
+    {
+      last = TREE_PURPOSE (parm);
+      DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl) = last;
+
+      for (parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm); parm; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm))
+    if (TREE_PURPOSE (parm))
+      {
+        TREE_CHAIN (last) = TREE_PURPOSE (parm);
+        last = TREE_PURPOSE (parm);
+      }
+      TREE_CHAIN (last) = 0;
+    }
+
+  pointer_set_destroy (seen_args);
+
+  /* If there was a previous prototype,
+     set the DECL_ARG_TYPE of each argument according to
+     the type previously specified, and report any mismatches.  */
+
+  if (current_function_prototype_arg_types)
+    {
+      tree type;
+      for (parm = DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl),
+         type = current_function_prototype_arg_types;
+       parm || (type && TREE_VALUE (type) != error_mark_node
+                   && (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_VALUE (type)) != void_type_node));
+       parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm), type = TREE_CHAIN (type))
+    {
+      if (parm == 0 || type == 0
+          || TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_VALUE (type)) == void_type_node)
+        {
+          if (current_function_prototype_built_in)
+        warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (fndecl),
+                0, "number of arguments doesn%'t match "
+                "built-in prototype");
+          else
+        {
+          /* FIXME diagnostics: This should be the location of
+             FNDECL, but there is bug when a prototype is
+             declared inside function context, but defined
+             outside of it (e.g., gcc.dg/pr15698-2.c).  In
+             which case FNDECL gets the location of the
+             prototype, not the definition.  */
+          error_at (input_location,
+                "number of arguments doesn%'t match prototype");
+
+          error_at (current_function_prototype_locus,
+                "prototype declaration");
+        }
+          break;
+        }
+      /* Type for passing arg must be consistent with that
+         declared for the arg.  ISO C says we take the unqualified
+         type for parameters declared with qualified type.  */
+      if (TREE_TYPE (parm) != error_mark_node
+          && TREE_TYPE (type) != error_mark_node
+          && !comptypes (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm)),
+                 TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_VALUE (type))))
+        {
+          if (TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (parm))
+          == TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_VALUE (type)))
+        {
+          /* Adjust argument to match prototype.  E.g. a previous
+             `int foo(float);' prototype causes
+             `int foo(x) float x; {...}' to be treated like
+             `int foo(float x) {...}'.  This is particularly
+             useful for argument types like uid_t.  */
+          DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm) = TREE_TYPE (parm);
+
+          if (targetm.calls.promote_prototypes (TREE_TYPE (current_function_decl))
+              && INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (parm))
+              && TYPE_PRECISION (TREE_TYPE (parm))
+              < TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
+            DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm) = integer_type_node;
+
+          /* ??? Is it possible to get here with a
+             built-in prototype or will it always have
+             been diagnosed as conflicting with an
+             old-style definition and discarded?  */
+          if (current_function_prototype_built_in)
+            warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+                OPT_pedantic, "promoted argument %qD "
+                "doesn%'t match built-in prototype", parm);
+          else
+            {
+              pedwarn (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+                   OPT_pedantic, "promoted argument %qD "
+                   "doesn%'t match prototype", parm);
+              pedwarn (current_function_prototype_locus, OPT_pedantic,
+                   "prototype declaration");
+            }
+        }
+          else
+        {
+          if (current_function_prototype_built_in)
+            warning_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+                0, "argument %qD doesn%'t match "
+                "built-in prototype", parm);
+          else
+            {
+              error_at (DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (parm),
+                "argument %qD doesn%'t match prototype", parm);
+              error_at (current_function_prototype_locus,
+                "prototype declaration");
+            }
+        }
+        }
+    }
+      TYPE_ACTUAL_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)) = 0;
+    }
+
+  /* Otherwise, create a prototype that would match.  */
+
+  else
+    {
+      tree actual = 0, last = 0, type;
+
+      for (parm = DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl); parm; parm = TREE_CHAIN (parm))
+    {
+      type = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, DECL_ARG_TYPE (parm), NULL_TREE);
+      if (last)
+        TREE_CHAIN (last) = type;
+      else
+        actual = type;
+      last = type;
+    }
+      type = tree_cons (NULL_TREE, void_type_node, NULL_TREE);
+      if (last)
+    TREE_CHAIN (last) = type;
+      else
+    actual = type;
+
+      /* We are going to assign a new value for the TYPE_ACTUAL_ARG_TYPES
+     of the type of this function, but we need to avoid having this
+     affect the types of other similarly-typed functions, so we must
+     first force the generation of an identical (but separate) type
+     node for the relevant function type.  The new node we create
+     will be a variant of the main variant of the original function
+     type.  */
+
+      TREE_TYPE (fndecl) = build_variant_type_copy (TREE_TYPE (fndecl));
+
+      TYPE_ACTUAL_ARG_TYPES (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)) = actual;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Store parameter declarations passed in ARG_INFO into the current
+   function declaration.  */
+
+void
+store_parm_decls_from (struct c_arg_info *arg_info)
+{
+  current_function_arg_info = arg_info;
+  store_parm_decls ();
+}
+
+/* Store the parameter declarations into the current function declaration.
+   This is called after parsing the parameter declarations, before
+   digesting the body of the function.
+
+   For an old-style definition, construct a prototype out of the old-style
+   parameter declarations and inject it into the function's type.  */
+
+void
+store_parm_decls (void)
+{
+  tree fndecl = current_function_decl;
+  bool proto;
+
+  /* The argument information block for FNDECL.  */
+  struct c_arg_info *arg_info = current_function_arg_info;
+  current_function_arg_info = 0;
+
+  /* True if this definition is written with a prototype.  Note:
+     despite C99 6.7.5.3p14, we can *not* treat an empty argument
+     list in a function definition as equivalent to (void) -- an
+     empty argument list specifies the function has no parameters,
+     but only (void) sets up a prototype for future calls.  */
+  proto = arg_info->types != 0;
+
+  if (proto)
+    store_parm_decls_newstyle (fndecl, arg_info);
+  else
+    store_parm_decls_oldstyle (fndecl, arg_info);
+
+  /* The next call to push_scope will be a function body.  */
+
+  next_is_function_body = true;
+
+  /* Write a record describing this function definition to the prototypes
+     file (if requested).  */
+
+  gen_aux_info_record (fndecl, 1, 0, proto);
+
+  /* Initialize the RTL code for the function.  */
+  allocate_struct_function (fndecl, false);
+
+  /* Begin the statement tree for this function.  */
+  DECL_SAVED_TREE (fndecl) = push_stmt_list ();
+
+  /* ??? Insert the contents of the pending sizes list into the function
+     to be evaluated.  The only reason left to have this is
+    void foo(int n, int array[n++])
+     because we throw away the array type in favor of a pointer type, and
+     thus won't naturally see the SAVE_EXPR containing the increment.  All
+     other pending sizes would be handled by gimplify_parameters.  */
+  {
+    tree t;
+    for (t = nreverse (get_pending_sizes ()); t ; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
+      add_stmt (TREE_VALUE (t));
+  }
+
+  /* Even though we're inside a function body, we still don't want to
+     call expand_expr to calculate the size of a variable-sized array.
+     We haven't necessarily assigned RTL to all variables yet, so it's
+     not safe to try to expand expressions involving them.  */
+  cfun->dont_save_pending_sizes_p = 1;
+}
+
+
+/* Finish up a function declaration and compile that function
+   all the way to assembler language output.  The free the storage
+   for the function definition.
+
+   This is called after parsing the body of the function definition.  */
+
+void
+finish_function (void)
+{
+  tree fndecl = current_function_decl;
+
+  if (TREE_CODE (fndecl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && targetm.calls.promote_prototypes (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)))
+    {
+      tree args = DECL_ARGUMENTS (fndecl);
+      for (; args; args = TREE_CHAIN (args))
+    {
+      tree type = TREE_TYPE (args);
+      if (INTEGRAL_TYPE_P (type)
+          && TYPE_PRECISION (type) < TYPE_PRECISION (integer_type_node))
+        DECL_ARG_TYPE (args) = integer_type_node;
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) && DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) != error_mark_node)
+    BLOCK_SUPERCONTEXT (DECL_INITIAL (fndecl)) = fndecl;
+
+  /* Must mark the RESULT_DECL as being in this function.  */
+
+  if (DECL_RESULT (fndecl) && DECL_RESULT (fndecl) != error_mark_node)
+    DECL_CONTEXT (DECL_RESULT (fndecl)) = fndecl;
+
+  if (MAIN_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (fndecl)) && flag_hosted
+      && TYPE_MAIN_VARIANT (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fndecl)))
+      == integer_type_node && flag_isoc99)
+    {
+      /* Hack.  We don't want the middle-end to warn that this return
+     is unreachable, so we mark its location as special.  Using
+     UNKNOWN_LOCATION has the problem that it gets clobbered in
+     annotate_one_with_locus.  A cleaner solution might be to
+     ensure ! should_carry_locus_p (stmt), but that needs a flag.
+      */
+      c_finish_return (BUILTINS_LOCATION, integer_zero_node, NULL_TREE);
+    }
+
+  /* Tie off the statement tree for this function.  */
+  DECL_SAVED_TREE (fndecl) = pop_stmt_list (DECL_SAVED_TREE (fndecl));
+
+  finish_fname_decls ();
+
+  /* Complain if there's just no return statement.  */
+  if (warn_return_type
+      && TREE_CODE (TREE_TYPE (TREE_TYPE (fndecl))) != VOID_TYPE
+      && !current_function_returns_value && !current_function_returns_null
+      /* Don't complain if we are no-return.  */
+      && !current_function_returns_abnormally
+      /* Don't warn for main().  */
+      && !MAIN_NAME_P (DECL_NAME (fndecl))
+      /* Or if they didn't actually specify a return type.  */
+      && !C_FUNCTION_IMPLICIT_INT (fndecl)
+      /* Normally, with -Wreturn-type, flow will complain, but we might
+         optimize out static functions.  */
+      && !TREE_PUBLIC (fndecl))
+    {
+      warning (OPT_Wreturn_type,
+           "no return statement in function returning non-void");
+      TREE_NO_WARNING (fndecl) = 1;
+    }
+
+  /* Store the end of the function, so that we get good line number
+     info for the epilogue.  */
+  cfun->function_end_locus = input_location;
+
+  /* Finalize the ELF visibility for the function.  */
+  c_determine_visibility (fndecl);
+
+  /* For GNU C extern inline functions disregard inline limits.  */
+  if (DECL_EXTERNAL (fndecl)
+      && DECL_DECLARED_INLINE_P (fndecl))
+    DECL_DISREGARD_INLINE_LIMITS (fndecl) = 1;
+
+  /* Genericize before inlining.  Delay genericizing nested functions
+     until their parent function is genericized.  Since finalizing
+     requires GENERIC, delay that as well.  */
+
+  if (DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) && DECL_INITIAL (fndecl) != error_mark_node
+      && !undef_nested_function)
+    {
+      if (!decl_function_context (fndecl))
+    {
+      invoke_plugin_callbacks (PLUGIN_PRE_GENERICIZE, fndecl);
+      c_genericize (fndecl);
+
+      /* ??? Objc emits functions after finalizing the compilation unit.
+         This should be cleaned up later and this conditional removed.  */
+      if (cgraph_global_info_ready)
+        {
+          cgraph_add_new_function (fndecl, false);
+          return;
+        }
+      cgraph_finalize_function (fndecl, false);
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      /* Register this function with cgraph just far enough to get it
+        added to our parent's nested function list.  Handy, since the
+        C front end doesn't have such a list.  */
+      (void) cgraph_node (fndecl);
+    }
+    }
+
+  if (!decl_function_context (fndecl))
+    undef_nested_function = false;
+
+  /* We're leaving the context of this function, so zap cfun.
+     It's still in DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION, and we'll restore it in
+     tree_rest_of_compilation.  */
+  set_cfun (NULL);
+  current_function_decl = NULL;
+}
+
+/* Check the declarations given in a for-loop for satisfying the C99
+   constraints.  If exactly one such decl is found, return it.  LOC is
+   the location of the opening parenthesis of the for loop.  */
+
+tree
+check_for_loop_decls (location_t loc)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+  tree one_decl = NULL_TREE;
+  int n_decls = 0;
+
+  if (!flag_isoc99)
+    {
+      static bool hint = true;
+      /* If we get here, declarations have been used in a for loop without
+     the C99 for loop scope.  This doesn't make much sense, so don't
+     allow it.  */
+      error_at (loc, "%<for%> loop initial declarations "
+        "are only allowed in C99 mode");
+      if (hint)
+    {
+      inform (loc,
+          "use option -std=c99 or -std=gnu99 to compile your code");
+      hint = false;
+    }
+      return NULL_TREE;
+    }
+  /* C99 subclause 6.8.5 paragraph 3:
+
+       [#3]  The  declaration  part  of  a for statement shall only
+       declare identifiers for objects having storage class auto or
+       register.
+
+     It isn't clear whether, in this sentence, "identifiers" binds to
+     "shall only declare" or to "objects" - that is, whether all identifiers
+     declared must be identifiers for objects, or whether the restriction
+     only applies to those that are.  (A question on this in comp.std.c
+     in November 2000 received no answer.)  We implement the strictest
+     interpretation, to avoid creating an extension which later causes
+     problems.  */
+
+  for (b = current_scope->bindings; b; b = b->prev)
+    {
+      tree id = b->id;
+      tree decl = b->decl;
+
+      if (!id)
+    continue;
+
+      switch (TREE_CODE (decl))
+    {
+    case VAR_DECL:
+      {
+        location_t decl_loc = DECL_SOURCE_LOCATION (decl);
+        if (TREE_STATIC (decl))
+          error_at (decl_loc,
+            "declaration of static variable %qD in %<for%> loop "
+            "initial declaration", decl);
+        else if (DECL_EXTERNAL (decl))
+          error_at (decl_loc,
+            "declaration of %<extern%> variable %qD in %<for%> loop "
+            "initial declaration", decl);
+      }
+      break;
+
+    case RECORD_TYPE:
+      error_at (loc,
+            "%<struct %E%> declared in %<for%> loop initial "
+            "declaration", id);
+      break;
+    case UNION_TYPE:
+      error_at (loc,
+            "%<union %E%> declared in %<for%> loop initial declaration",
+            id);
+      break;
+    case ENUMERAL_TYPE:
+      error_at (loc, "%<enum %E%> declared in %<for%> loop "
+            "initial declaration", id);
+      break;
+    default:
+      error_at (loc, "declaration of non-variable "
+            "%qD in %<for%> loop initial declaration", decl);
+    }
+
+      n_decls++;
+      one_decl = decl;
+    }
+
+  return n_decls == 1 ? one_decl : NULL_TREE;
+}
+
+/* Save and reinitialize the variables
+   used during compilation of a C function.  */
+
+void
+c_push_function_context (void)
+{
+  struct language_function *p;
+  p = GGC_NEW (struct language_function);
+  cfun->language = p;
+
+  p->base.x_stmt_tree = c_stmt_tree;
+  p->x_break_label = c_break_label;
+  p->x_cont_label = c_cont_label;
+  p->x_switch_stack = c_switch_stack;
+  p->arg_info = current_function_arg_info;
+  p->returns_value = current_function_returns_value;
+  p->returns_null = current_function_returns_null;
+  p->returns_abnormally = current_function_returns_abnormally;
+  p->warn_about_return_type = warn_about_return_type;
+
+  push_function_context ();
+}
+
+/* Restore the variables used during compilation of a C function.  */
+
+void
+c_pop_function_context (void)
+{
+  struct language_function *p;
+
+  pop_function_context ();
+  p = cfun->language;
+  cfun->language = NULL;
+
+  if (DECL_STRUCT_FUNCTION (current_function_decl) == 0
+      && DECL_SAVED_TREE (current_function_decl) == NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      /* Stop pointing to the local nodes about to be freed.  */
+      /* But DECL_INITIAL must remain nonzero so we know this
+     was an actual function definition.  */
+      DECL_INITIAL (current_function_decl) = error_mark_node;
+      DECL_ARGUMENTS (current_function_decl) = 0;
+    }
+
+  c_stmt_tree = p->base.x_stmt_tree;
+  c_break_label = p->x_break_label;
+  c_cont_label = p->x_cont_label;
+  c_switch_stack = p->x_switch_stack;
+  current_function_arg_info = p->arg_info;
+  current_function_returns_value = p->returns_value;
+  current_function_returns_null = p->returns_null;
+  current_function_returns_abnormally = p->returns_abnormally;
+  warn_about_return_type = p->warn_about_return_type;
+}
+
+/* The functions below are required for functionality of doing
+   function at once processing in the C front end. Currently these
+   functions are not called from anywhere in the C front end, but as
+   these changes continue, that will change.  */
+
+/* Returns the stmt_tree (if any) to which statements are currently
+   being added.  If there is no active statement-tree, NULL is
+   returned.  */
+
+stmt_tree
+current_stmt_tree (void)
+{
+  return &c_stmt_tree;
+}
+
+/* Return the global value of T as a symbol.  */
+
+tree
+identifier_global_value (tree t)
+{
+  struct c_binding *b;
+
+  for (b = I_SYMBOL_BINDING (t); b; b = b->shadowed)
+    if (B_IN_FILE_SCOPE (b) || B_IN_EXTERNAL_SCOPE (b))
+      return b->decl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* Record a builtin type for C.  If NAME is non-NULL, it is the name used;
+   otherwise the name is found in ridpointers from RID_INDEX.  */
+
+void
+record_builtin_type (enum rid rid_index, const char *name, tree type)
+{
+  tree id, decl;
+  if (name == 0)
+    id = ridpointers[(int) rid_index];
+  else
+    id = get_identifier (name);
+  decl = build_decl (UNKNOWN_LOCATION, TYPE_DECL, id, type);
+  pushdecl (decl);
+  if (debug_hooks->type_decl)
+    debug_hooks->type_decl (decl, false);
+}
+
+/* Build the void_list_node (void_type_node having been created).  */
+tree
+build_void_list_node (void)
+{
+  tree t = build_tree_list (NULL_TREE, void_type_node);
+  return t;
+}
+
+/* Return a c_parm structure with the given SPECS, ATTRS and DECLARATOR.  */
+
+struct c_parm *
+build_c_parm (struct c_declspecs *specs, tree attrs,
+          struct c_declarator *declarator)
+{
+  struct c_parm *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_parm);
+  ret->specs = specs;
+  ret->attrs = attrs;
+  ret->declarator = declarator;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return a declarator with nested attributes.  TARGET is the inner
+   declarator to which these attributes apply.  ATTRS are the
+   attributes.  */
+
+struct c_declarator *
+build_attrs_declarator (tree attrs, struct c_declarator *target)
+{
+  struct c_declarator *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_declarator);
+  ret->kind = cdk_attrs;
+  ret->declarator = target;
+  ret->u.attrs = attrs;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return a declarator for a function with arguments specified by ARGS
+   and return type specified by TARGET.  */
+
+struct c_declarator *
+build_function_declarator (struct c_arg_info *args,
+               struct c_declarator *target)
+{
+  struct c_declarator *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_declarator);
+  ret->kind = cdk_function;
+  ret->declarator = target;
+  ret->u.arg_info = args;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return a declarator for the identifier IDENT (which may be
+   NULL_TREE for an abstract declarator).  */
+
+struct c_declarator *
+build_id_declarator (tree ident)
+{
+  struct c_declarator *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_declarator);
+  ret->kind = cdk_id;
+  ret->declarator = 0;
+  ret->u.id = ident;
+  /* Default value - may get reset to a more precise location. */
+  ret->id_loc = input_location;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return something to represent absolute declarators containing a *.
+   TARGET is the absolute declarator that the * contains.
+   TYPE_QUALS_ATTRS is a structure for type qualifiers and attributes
+   to apply to the pointer type.  */
+
+struct c_declarator *
+make_pointer_declarator (struct c_declspecs *type_quals_attrs,
+             struct c_declarator *target)
+{
+  tree attrs;
+  int quals = 0;
+  struct c_declarator *itarget = target;
+  struct c_declarator *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_declarator);
+  if (type_quals_attrs)
+    {
+      attrs = type_quals_attrs->attrs;
+      quals = quals_from_declspecs (type_quals_attrs);
+      if (attrs != NULL_TREE)
+    itarget = build_attrs_declarator (attrs, target);
+    }
+  ret->kind = cdk_pointer;
+  ret->declarator = itarget;
+  ret->u.pointer_quals = quals;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Return a pointer to a structure for an empty list of declaration
+   specifiers.  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+build_null_declspecs (void)
+{
+  struct c_declspecs *ret = XOBNEW (&parser_obstack, struct c_declspecs);
+  ret->type = 0;
+  ret->expr = 0;
+  ret->decl_attr = 0;
+  ret->attrs = 0;
+  ret->typespec_word = cts_none;
+  ret->storage_class = csc_none;
+  ret->expr_const_operands = true;
+  ret->declspecs_seen_p = false;
+  ret->type_seen_p = false;
+  ret->non_sc_seen_p = false;
+  ret->typedef_p = false;
+  ret->tag_defined_p = false;
+  ret->explicit_signed_p = false;
+  ret->deprecated_p = false;
+  ret->default_int_p = false;
+  ret->long_p = false;
+  ret->long_long_p = false;
+  ret->short_p = false;
+  ret->signed_p = false;
+  ret->unsigned_p = false;
+  ret->complex_p = false;
+  ret->inline_p = false;
+  ret->thread_p = false;
+  ret->const_p = false;
+  ret->volatile_p = false;
+  ret->restrict_p = false;
+  ret->saturating_p = false;
+  ret->address_space = ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+/* Add the address space ADDRSPACE to the declaration specifiers
+   SPECS, returning SPECS.  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+declspecs_add_addrspace (struct c_declspecs *specs, addr_space_t as)
+{
+  specs->non_sc_seen_p = true;
+  specs->declspecs_seen_p = true;
+
+  if (!ADDR_SPACE_GENERIC_P (specs->address_space)
+      && specs->address_space != as)
+    error ("incompatible address space qualifiers %qs and %qs",
+       c_addr_space_name (as),
+       c_addr_space_name (specs->address_space));
+  else
+    specs->address_space = as;
+  return specs;
+}
+
+/* Add the type qualifier QUAL to the declaration specifiers SPECS,
+   returning SPECS.  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+declspecs_add_qual (struct c_declspecs *specs, tree qual)
+{
+  enum rid i;
+  bool dupe = false;
+  specs->non_sc_seen_p = true;
+  specs->declspecs_seen_p = true;
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (qual) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
+          && C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (qual));
+  i = C_RID_CODE (qual);
+  switch (i)
+    {
+    case RID_CONST:
+      dupe = specs->const_p;
+      specs->const_p = true;
+      break;
+    case RID_VOLATILE:
+      dupe = specs->volatile_p;
+      specs->volatile_p = true;
+      break;
+    case RID_RESTRICT:
+      dupe = specs->restrict_p;
+      specs->restrict_p = true;
+      break;
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+  if (dupe && !flag_isoc99)
+    pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic, "duplicate %qE", qual);
+  return specs;
+}
+
+/* Add the type specifier TYPE to the declaration specifiers SPECS,
+   returning SPECS.  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+declspecs_add_type (location_t loc, struct c_declspecs *specs,
+            struct c_typespec spec)
+{
+  tree type = spec.spec;
+  specs->non_sc_seen_p = true;
+  specs->declspecs_seen_p = true;
+  specs->type_seen_p = true;
+  if (TREE_DEPRECATED (type))
+    specs->deprecated_p = true;
+
+  /* Handle type specifier keywords.  */
+  if (TREE_CODE (type) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
+      && C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (type)
+      && C_RID_CODE (type) != RID_CXX_COMPAT_WARN)
+    {
+      enum rid i = C_RID_CODE (type);
+      if (specs->type)
+    {
+      error_at (loc, "two or more data types in declaration specifiers");
+      return specs;
+    }
+      if ((int) i <= (int) RID_LAST_MODIFIER)
+    {
+      /* "long", "short", "signed", "unsigned", "_Complex" or "_Sat".  */
+      bool dupe = false;
+      switch (i)
+        {
+        case RID_LONG:
+          if (specs->long_long_p)
+        {
+          error_at (loc, "%<long long long%> is too long for GCC");
+          break;
+        }
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        {
+          if (specs->typespec_word == cts_double)
+            {
+              error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<long long%> and %<double%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"));
+              break;
+            }
+          pedwarn_c90 (loc, OPT_Wlong_long,
+                   "ISO C90 does not support %<long long%>");
+          specs->long_long_p = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+          if (specs->short_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<short%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_void)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#ifndef noCbC
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#endif
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_bool)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_char)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<char%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_float)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<_Decimal32%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<_Decimal64%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat128)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<_Decimal128%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->long_p = true;
+          break;
+        case RID_SHORT:
+          dupe = specs->short_p;
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<short%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_void)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#ifndef noCbC
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#endif
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_bool)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_char)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<char%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_float)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_double)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+                error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<_Decimal32%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<_Decimal64%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat128)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<_Decimal128%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->short_p = true;
+          break;
+        case RID_SIGNED:
+          dupe = specs->signed_p;
+          if (specs->unsigned_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<unsigned%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_void)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#ifndef noCbC
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#endif
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_bool)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_float)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_double)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<_Decimal32%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<_Decimal64%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat128)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<_Decimal128%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->signed_p = true;
+          break;
+        case RID_UNSIGNED:
+          dupe = specs->unsigned_p;
+          if (specs->signed_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<unsigned%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_void)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#ifndef noCbC
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#endif
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_bool)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_float)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_double)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+              else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<_Decimal32%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<_Decimal64%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat128)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<_Decimal128%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->unsigned_p = true;
+          break;
+        case RID_COMPLEX:
+          dupe = specs->complex_p;
+          if (!flag_isoc99 && !in_system_header)
+        pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+             "ISO C90 does not support complex types");
+          if (specs->typespec_word == cts_void)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#ifndef noCbC
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_CbC_code)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+#endif
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_bool)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+              else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Decimal32%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Decimal64%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat128)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Decimal128%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_fract)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Fract%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_accum)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Accum%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Sat%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->complex_p = true;
+          break;
+        case RID_SAT:
+          dupe = specs->saturating_p;
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "ISO C does not support saturating types");
+          if (specs->typespec_word == cts_void)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_bool)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_char)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<char%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_int)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<int%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_float)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_double)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+              else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<_Decimal32%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<_Decimal64%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat128)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<_Decimal128%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->complex_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<complex%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->saturating_p = true;
+          break;
+        default:
+          gcc_unreachable ();
+        }
+
+      if (dupe)
+        error_at (loc, "duplicate %qE", type);
+
+      return specs;
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      /* "void", "_Bool", "char", "int", "float", "double", "_Decimal32",
+         "_Decimal64", "_Decimal128", "_Fract" or "_Accum".  */
+      if (specs->typespec_word != cts_none)
+        {
+          error_at (loc,
+            "two or more data types in declaration specifiers");
+          return specs;
+        }
+      switch (i)
+        {
+        case RID_VOID:
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->short_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->signed_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->complex_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_void;
+          return specs;
+#ifndef noCbC
+        case RID_CbC_CODE:
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        error ("both %<long%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers");
+          else if (specs->short_p)
+        error ("both %<short%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers");
+          else if (specs->signed_p)
+        error ("both %<signed%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers");
+          else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+        error ("both %<unsigned%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers");
+          else if (specs->complex_p)
+        error ("both %<complex%> and %<void%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers");
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_CbC_code;
+          return specs;
+#endif
+        case RID_BOOL:
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->short_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->signed_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->complex_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<complex%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<_Bool%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_bool;
+          return specs;
+        case RID_CHAR:
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<char%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->short_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<char%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<char%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_char;
+          return specs;
+        case RID_INT:
+          if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<int%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_int;
+          return specs;
+        case RID_FLOAT:
+          if (specs->long_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->short_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->signed_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<float%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_float;
+          return specs;
+        case RID_DOUBLE:
+          if (specs->long_long_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<long long%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->short_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<short%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->signed_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<signed%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<unsigned%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else if (specs->saturating_p)
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("both %<_Sat%> and %<double%> in "
+               "declaration specifiers"));
+          else
+        specs->typespec_word = cts_double;
+          return specs;
+        case RID_DFLOAT32:
+        case RID_DFLOAT64:
+        case RID_DFLOAT128:
+          {
+        const char *str;
+        if (i == RID_DFLOAT32)
+          str = "_Decimal32";
+        else if (i == RID_DFLOAT64)
+          str = "_Decimal64";
+        else
+          str = "_Decimal128";
+        if (specs->long_long_p)
+          error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<long long%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+        if (specs->long_p)
+          error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<long%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+        else if (specs->short_p)
+          error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<short%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+        else if (specs->signed_p)
+          error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<signed%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+        else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+          error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<unsigned%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+                else if (specs->complex_p)
+                  error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<complex%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+                else if (specs->saturating_p)
+                  error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<_Sat%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+        else if (i == RID_DFLOAT32)
+          specs->typespec_word = cts_dfloat32;
+        else if (i == RID_DFLOAT64)
+          specs->typespec_word = cts_dfloat64;
+        else
+          specs->typespec_word = cts_dfloat128;
+          }
+          if (!targetm.decimal_float_supported_p ())
+        error_at (loc,
+              ("decimal floating point not supported "
+               "for this target"));
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "ISO C does not support decimal floating point");
+          return specs;
+        case RID_FRACT:
+        case RID_ACCUM:
+          {
+        const char *str;
+        if (i == RID_FRACT)
+          str = "_Fract";
+        else
+          str = "_Accum";
+                if (specs->complex_p)
+                  error_at (loc,
+                ("both %<complex%> and %<%s%> in "
+                 "declaration specifiers"),
+                str);
+        else if (i == RID_FRACT)
+            specs->typespec_word = cts_fract;
+        else
+            specs->typespec_word = cts_accum;
+          }
+          if (!targetm.fixed_point_supported_p ())
+        error_at (loc,
+              "fixed-point types not supported for this target");
+          pedwarn (loc, OPT_pedantic,
+               "ISO C does not support fixed-point types");
+          return specs;
+        default:
+          /* ObjC reserved word "id", handled below.  */
+          break;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Now we have a typedef (a TYPE_DECL node), an identifier (some
+     form of ObjC type, cases such as "int" and "long" being handled
+     above), a TYPE (struct, union, enum and typeof specifiers) or an
+     ERROR_MARK.  In none of these cases may there have previously
+     been any type specifiers.  */
+  if (specs->type || specs->typespec_word != cts_none
+      || specs->long_p || specs->short_p || specs->signed_p
+      || specs->unsigned_p || specs->complex_p)
+    error_at (loc, "two or more data types in declaration specifiers");
+  else if (TREE_CODE (type) == TYPE_DECL)
+    {
+      if (TREE_TYPE (type) == error_mark_node)
+    ; /* Allow the type to default to int to avoid cascading errors.  */
+      else
+    {
+      specs->type = TREE_TYPE (type);
+      specs->decl_attr = DECL_ATTRIBUTES (type);
+      specs->typedef_p = true;
+      specs->explicit_signed_p = C_TYPEDEF_EXPLICITLY_SIGNED (type);
+
+      /* If this typedef name is defined in a struct, then a C++
+         lookup would return a different value.  */
+      if (warn_cxx_compat
+          && I_SYMBOL_BINDING (DECL_NAME (type))->in_struct)
+        warning_at (loc, OPT_Wc___compat,
+            "C++ lookup of %qD would return a field, not a type",
+            type);
+
+      /* If we are parsing a struct, record that a struct field
+         used a typedef.  */
+      if (warn_cxx_compat && struct_parse_info != NULL)
+        VEC_safe_push (tree, heap, struct_parse_info->typedefs_seen, type);
+    }
+    }
+  else if (TREE_CODE (type) == IDENTIFIER_NODE)
+    {
+      tree t = lookup_name (type);
+      if (!t || TREE_CODE (t) != TYPE_DECL)
+    error_at (loc, "%qE fails to be a typedef or built in type", type);
+      else if (TREE_TYPE (t) == error_mark_node)
+    ;
+      else
+    specs->type = TREE_TYPE (t);
+    }
+  else if (TREE_CODE (type) != ERROR_MARK)
+    {
+      if (spec.kind == ctsk_tagdef || spec.kind == ctsk_tagfirstref)
+    specs->tag_defined_p = true;
+      if (spec.kind == ctsk_typeof)
+    {
+      specs->typedef_p = true;
+      if (spec.expr)
+        {
+          if (specs->expr)
+        specs->expr = build2 (COMPOUND_EXPR, TREE_TYPE (spec.expr),
+                      specs->expr, spec.expr);
+          else
+        specs->expr = spec.expr;
+          specs->expr_const_operands &= spec.expr_const_operands;
+        }
+    }
+      specs->type = type;
+    }
+
+  return specs;
+}
+
+/* Add the storage class specifier or function specifier SCSPEC to the
+   declaration specifiers SPECS, returning SPECS.  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+declspecs_add_scspec (struct c_declspecs *specs, tree scspec)
+{
+  enum rid i;
+  enum c_storage_class n = csc_none;
+  bool dupe = false;
+  specs->declspecs_seen_p = true;
+  gcc_assert (TREE_CODE (scspec) == IDENTIFIER_NODE
+          && C_IS_RESERVED_WORD (scspec));
+  i = C_RID_CODE (scspec);
+  if (specs->non_sc_seen_p)
+    warning (OPT_Wold_style_declaration,
+             "%qE is not at beginning of declaration", scspec);
+  switch (i)
+    {
+    case RID_INLINE:
+      /* C99 permits duplicate inline.  Although of doubtful utility,
+     it seems simplest to permit it in gnu89 mode as well, as
+     there is also little utility in maintaining this as a
+     difference between gnu89 and C99 inline.  */
+      dupe = false;
+      specs->inline_p = true;
+      break;
+    case RID_THREAD:
+      dupe = specs->thread_p;
+      if (specs->storage_class == csc_auto)
+    error ("%<__thread%> used with %<auto%>");
+      else if (specs->storage_class == csc_register)
+    error ("%<__thread%> used with %<register%>");
+      else if (specs->storage_class == csc_typedef)
+    error ("%<__thread%> used with %<typedef%>");
+      else
+    specs->thread_p = true;
+      break;
+    case RID_AUTO:
+      n = csc_auto;
+      break;
+    case RID_EXTERN:
+      n = csc_extern;
+      /* Diagnose "__thread extern".  */
+      if (specs->thread_p)
+    error ("%<__thread%> before %<extern%>");
+      break;
+    case RID_REGISTER:
+      n = csc_register;
+      break;
+    case RID_STATIC:
+      n = csc_static;
+      /* Diagnose "__thread static".  */
+      if (specs->thread_p)
+    error ("%<__thread%> before %<static%>");
+      break;
+    case RID_TYPEDEF:
+      n = csc_typedef;
+      break;
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+  if (n != csc_none && n == specs->storage_class)
+    dupe = true;
+  if (dupe)
+    error ("duplicate %qE", scspec);
+  if (n != csc_none)
+    {
+      if (specs->storage_class != csc_none && n != specs->storage_class)
+    {
+      error ("multiple storage classes in declaration specifiers");
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      specs->storage_class = n;
+      if (n != csc_extern && n != csc_static && specs->thread_p)
+        {
+          error ("%<__thread%> used with %qE", scspec);
+          specs->thread_p = false;
+        }
+    }
+    }
+  return specs;
+}
+
+/* Add the attributes ATTRS to the declaration specifiers SPECS,
+   returning SPECS.  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+declspecs_add_attrs (struct c_declspecs *specs, tree attrs)
+{
+  specs->attrs = chainon (attrs, specs->attrs);
+  specs->declspecs_seen_p = true;
+  return specs;
+}
+
+/* Combine "long", "short", "signed", "unsigned" and "_Complex" type
+   specifiers with any other type specifier to determine the resulting
+   type.  This is where ISO C checks on complex types are made, since
+   "_Complex long" is a prefix of the valid ISO C type "_Complex long
+   double".  */
+
+struct c_declspecs *
+finish_declspecs (struct c_declspecs *specs)
+{
+  /* If a type was specified as a whole, we have no modifiers and are
+     done.  */
+  if (specs->type != NULL_TREE)
+    {
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_p && !specs->long_long_p && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p && !specs->unsigned_p
+          && !specs->complex_p);
+      return specs;
+    }
+
+  /* If none of "void", "_Bool", "char", "int", "float" or "double"
+     has been specified, treat it as "int" unless "_Complex" is
+     present and there are no other specifiers.  If we just have
+     "_Complex", it is equivalent to "_Complex double", but e.g.
+     "_Complex short" is equivalent to "_Complex short int".  */
+  if (specs->typespec_word == cts_none)
+    {
+      if (specs->saturating_p)
+    {
+      error ("%<_Sat%> is used without %<_Fract%> or %<_Accum%>");
+      if (!targetm.fixed_point_supported_p ())
+        error ("fixed-point types not supported for this target");
+      specs->typespec_word = cts_fract;
+    }
+      else if (specs->long_p || specs->short_p
+           || specs->signed_p || specs->unsigned_p)
+    {
+      specs->typespec_word = cts_int;
+    }
+      else if (specs->complex_p)
+    {
+      specs->typespec_word = cts_double;
+      pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+           "ISO C does not support plain %<complex%> meaning "
+           "%<double complex%>");
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      specs->typespec_word = cts_int;
+      specs->default_int_p = true;
+      /* We don't diagnose this here because grokdeclarator will
+         give more specific diagnostics according to whether it is
+         a function definition.  */
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* If "signed" was specified, record this to distinguish "int" and
+     "signed int" in the case of a bit-field with
+     -funsigned-bitfields.  */
+  specs->explicit_signed_p = specs->signed_p;
+
+  /* Now compute the actual type.  */
+  switch (specs->typespec_word)
+    {
+    case cts_void:
+#ifndef noCbC
+    case cts_CbC_code:
+#endif
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_p && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p && !specs->unsigned_p
+          && !specs->complex_p);
+      specs->type = void_type_node;
+      break;
+    case cts_bool:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_p && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p && !specs->unsigned_p
+          && !specs->complex_p);
+      specs->type = boolean_type_node;
+      break;
+    case cts_char:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_p && !specs->short_p);
+      gcc_assert (!(specs->signed_p && specs->unsigned_p));
+      if (specs->signed_p)
+    specs->type = signed_char_type_node;
+      else if (specs->unsigned_p)
+    specs->type = unsigned_char_type_node;
+      else
+    specs->type = char_type_node;
+      if (specs->complex_p)
+    {
+      pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+           "ISO C does not support complex integer types");
+      specs->type = build_complex_type (specs->type);
+    }
+      break;
+    case cts_int:
+      gcc_assert (!(specs->long_p && specs->short_p));
+      gcc_assert (!(specs->signed_p && specs->unsigned_p));
+      if (specs->long_long_p)
+    specs->type = (specs->unsigned_p
+               ? long_long_unsigned_type_node
+               : long_long_integer_type_node);
+      else if (specs->long_p)
+    specs->type = (specs->unsigned_p
+               ? long_unsigned_type_node
+               : long_integer_type_node);
+      else if (specs->short_p)
+    specs->type = (specs->unsigned_p
+               ? short_unsigned_type_node
+               : short_integer_type_node);
+      else
+    specs->type = (specs->unsigned_p
+               ? unsigned_type_node
+               : integer_type_node);
+      if (specs->complex_p)
+    {
+      pedwarn (input_location, OPT_pedantic,
+           "ISO C does not support complex integer types");
+      specs->type = build_complex_type (specs->type);
+    }
+      break;
+    case cts_float:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_p && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p && !specs->unsigned_p);
+      specs->type = (specs->complex_p
+             ? complex_float_type_node
+             : float_type_node);
+      break;
+    case cts_double:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_long_p && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p && !specs->unsigned_p);
+      if (specs->long_p)
+    {
+      specs->type = (specs->complex_p
+             ? complex_long_double_type_node
+             : long_double_type_node);
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      specs->type = (specs->complex_p
+             ? complex_double_type_node
+             : double_type_node);
+    }
+      break;
+    case cts_dfloat32:
+    case cts_dfloat64:
+    case cts_dfloat128:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->long_p && !specs->long_long_p && !specs->short_p
+          && !specs->signed_p && !specs->unsigned_p && !specs->complex_p);
+      if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat32)
+    specs->type = dfloat32_type_node;
+      else if (specs->typespec_word == cts_dfloat64)
+    specs->type = dfloat64_type_node;
+      else
+    specs->type = dfloat128_type_node;
+      break;
+    case cts_fract:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->complex_p);
+      if (!targetm.fixed_point_supported_p ())
+    specs->type = integer_type_node;
+      else if (specs->saturating_p)
+    {
+      if (specs->long_long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_long_long_fract_type_node
+              : sat_long_long_fract_type_node;
+      else if (specs->long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_long_fract_type_node
+              : sat_long_fract_type_node;
+      else if (specs->short_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_short_fract_type_node
+              : sat_short_fract_type_node;
+      else
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_fract_type_node
+              : sat_fract_type_node;
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      if (specs->long_long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_long_long_fract_type_node
+              : long_long_fract_type_node;
+      else if (specs->long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_long_fract_type_node
+              : long_fract_type_node;
+      else if (specs->short_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_short_fract_type_node
+              : short_fract_type_node;
+      else
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_fract_type_node
+              : fract_type_node;
+    }
+      break;
+    case cts_accum:
+      gcc_assert (!specs->complex_p);
+      if (!targetm.fixed_point_supported_p ())
+    specs->type = integer_type_node;
+      else if (specs->saturating_p)
+    {
+      if (specs->long_long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_long_long_accum_type_node
+              : sat_long_long_accum_type_node;
+      else if (specs->long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_long_accum_type_node
+              : sat_long_accum_type_node;
+      else if (specs->short_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_short_accum_type_node
+              : sat_short_accum_type_node;
+      else
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? sat_unsigned_accum_type_node
+              : sat_accum_type_node;
+    }
+      else
+    {
+      if (specs->long_long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_long_long_accum_type_node
+              : long_long_accum_type_node;
+      else if (specs->long_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_long_accum_type_node
+              : long_accum_type_node;
+      else if (specs->short_p)
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_short_accum_type_node
+              : short_accum_type_node;
+      else
+        specs->type = specs->unsigned_p
+              ? unsigned_accum_type_node
+              : accum_type_node;
+    }
+      break;
+    default:
+      gcc_unreachable ();
+    }
+
+  return specs;
+}
+
+/* A subroutine of c_write_global_declarations.  Perform final processing
+   on one file scope's declarations (or the external scope's declarations),
+   GLOBALS.  */
+
+static void
+c_write_global_declarations_1 (tree globals)
+{
+  tree decl;
+  bool reconsider;
+
+  /* Process the decls in the order they were written.  */
+  for (decl = globals; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    {
+      /* Check for used but undefined static functions using the C
+     standard's definition of "used", and set TREE_NO_WARNING so
+     that check_global_declarations doesn't repeat the check.  */
+      if (TREE_CODE (decl) == FUNCTION_DECL
+      && DECL_INITIAL (decl) == 0
+      && DECL_EXTERNAL (decl)
+      && !TREE_PUBLIC (decl)
+      && C_DECL_USED (decl))
+    {
+      pedwarn (input_location, 0, "%q+F used but never defined", decl);
+      TREE_NO_WARNING (decl) = 1;
+    }
+
+      wrapup_global_declaration_1 (decl);
+    }
+
+  do
+    {
+      reconsider = false;
+      for (decl = globals; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    reconsider |= wrapup_global_declaration_2 (decl);
+    }
+  while (reconsider);
+
+  for (decl = globals; decl; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    check_global_declaration_1 (decl);
+}
+
+/* A subroutine of c_write_global_declarations Emit debug information for each
+   of the declarations in GLOBALS.  */
+
+static void
+c_write_global_declarations_2 (tree globals)
+{
+  tree decl;
+
+  for (decl = globals; decl ; decl = TREE_CHAIN (decl))
+    debug_hooks->global_decl (decl);
+}
+
+/* Preserve the external declarations scope across a garbage collect.  */
+static GTY(()) tree ext_block;
+
+void
+c_write_global_declarations (void)
+{
+  tree t;
+
+  /* We don't want to do this if generating a PCH.  */
+  if (pch_file)
+    return;
+
+  /* Don't waste time on further processing if -fsyntax-only.
+     Continue for warning and errors issued during lowering though.  */
+  if (flag_syntax_only)
+    return;
+
+  /* Close the external scope.  */
+  ext_block = pop_scope ();
+  external_scope = 0;
+  gcc_assert (!current_scope);
+
+  if (ext_block)
+    {
+      tree tmp = BLOCK_VARS (ext_block);
+      int flags;
+      FILE * stream = dump_begin (TDI_tu, &flags);
+      if (stream && tmp)
+    {
+      dump_node (tmp, flags & ~TDF_SLIM, stream);
+      dump_end (TDI_tu, stream);
+    }
+    }
+
+  /* Process all file scopes in this compilation, and the external_scope,
+     through wrapup_global_declarations and check_global_declarations.  */
+  for (t = all_translation_units; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
+    c_write_global_declarations_1 (BLOCK_VARS (DECL_INITIAL (t)));
+  c_write_global_declarations_1 (BLOCK_VARS (ext_block));
+
+  /* We're done parsing; proceed to optimize and emit assembly.
+     FIXME: shouldn't be the front end's responsibility to call this.  */
+  cgraph_finalize_compilation_unit ();
+
+  /* After cgraph has had a chance to emit everything that's going to
+     be emitted, output debug information for globals.  */
+  if (errorcount == 0 && sorrycount == 0)
+    {
+      timevar_push (TV_SYMOUT);
+      for (t = all_translation_units; t; t = TREE_CHAIN (t))
+    c_write_global_declarations_2 (BLOCK_VARS (DECL_INITIAL (t)));
+      c_write_global_declarations_2 (BLOCK_VARS (ext_block));
+      timevar_pop (TV_SYMOUT);
+    }
+
+  ext_block = NULL;
+}
+
+#include "gt-c-decl.h"