Mercurial > hg > CbC > CbC_gcc
diff ABOUT-NLS @ 0:a06113de4d67
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| author | kent <kent@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp> |
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| date | Fri, 17 Jul 2009 14:47:48 +0900 |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/ABOUT-NLS Fri Jul 17 14:47:48 2009 +0900 @@ -0,0 +1,625 @@ +Notes on the Free Translation Project +************************************* + + Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project +is a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all +together, so that will gradually become able to speak many languages. +A few packages already provide translations for their messages. + + If you found this `ABOUT-NLS' file inside a distribution, you may +assume that the distributed package does use GNU `gettext' internally, +itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you do _not_ +need to install GNU `gettext' prior to configuring, installing or using +this package with messages translated. + + Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also +explain how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the +available translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and +work at translations should contact the appropriate team. + + When reporting bugs in the `intl/' directory or bugs which may be +related to internationalization, you should tell about the version of +`gettext' which is used. The information can be found in the +`intl/VERSION' file, in internationalized packages. + +Quick configuration advice +========================== + + If you want to exploit the full power of internationalization, you +should configure it using + + ./configure --with-included-gettext + +to force usage of internationalizing routines provided within this +package, despite the existence of internationalizing capabilities in the +operating system where this package is being installed. So far, only +the `gettext' implementation in the GNU C library version 2 provides as +many features (such as locale alias, message inheritance, automatic +charset conversion or plural form handling) as the implementation here. +It is also not possible to offer this additional functionality on top +of a `catgets' implementation. Future versions of GNU `gettext' will +very likely convey even more functionality. So it might be a good idea +to change to GNU `gettext' as soon as possible. + + So you need _not_ provide this option if you are using GNU libc 2 or +you have installed a recent copy of the GNU gettext package with the +included `libintl'. + +INSTALL Matters +=============== + + Some packages are "localizable" when properly installed; the +programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language. +Most such packages use GNU `gettext'. Other packages have their own +ways to internationalization, predating GNU `gettext'. + + By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of +messages. It will automatically detect whether the system already +provides the GNU `gettext' functions. If not, the GNU `gettext' own +library will be used. This library is wholly contained within this +package, usually in the `intl/' subdirectory, so prior installation of +the GNU `gettext' package is _not_ required. Installers may use +special options at configuration time for changing the default +behaviour. The commands: + + ./configure --with-included-gettext + ./configure --disable-nls + +will respectively bypass any pre-existing `gettext' to use the +internationalizing routines provided within this package, or else, +_totally_ disable translation of messages. + + When you already have GNU `gettext' installed on your system and run +configure without an option for your new package, `configure' will +probably detect the previously built and installed `libintl.a' file and +will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable. You +should use the more recent version of the GNU `gettext' library. I.e. +if the file `intl/VERSION' shows that the library which comes with this +package is more recent, you should use + + ./configure --with-included-gettext + +to prevent auto-detection. + + The configuration process will not test for the `catgets' function +and therefore it will not be used. The reason is that even an +emulation of `gettext' on top of `catgets' could not provide all the +extensions of the GNU `gettext' library. + + Internationalized packages have usually many `po/LL.po' files, where +LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language. Unless +translations have been forbidden at `configure' time by using the +`--disable-nls' switch, all available translations are installed +together with the package. However, the environment variable `LINGUAS' +may be set, prior to configuration, to limit the installed set. +`LINGUAS' should then contain a space separated list of two-letter +codes, stating which languages are allowed. + +Using This Package +================== + + As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you +only have to set the `LANG' environment variable to the appropriate +`LL_CC' combination. Here `LL' is an ISO 639 two-letter language code, +and `CC' is an ISO 3166 two-letter country code. For example, let's +suppose that you speak German and live in Germany. At the shell +prompt, merely execute `setenv LANG de_DE' (in `csh'), +`export LANG; LANG=de_DE' (in `sh') or `export LANG=de_DE' (in `bash'). +This can be done from your `.login' or `.profile' file, once and for +all. + + You might think that the country code specification is redundant. +But in fact, some languages have dialects in different countries. For +example, `de_AT' is used for Austria, and `pt_BR' for Brazil. The +country code serves to distinguish the dialects. + + The locale naming convention of `LL_CC', with `LL' denoting the +language and `CC' denoting the country, is the one use on systems based +on GNU libc. On other systems, some variations of this scheme are +used, such as `LL' or `LL_CC.ENCODING'. You can get the list of +locales supported by your system for your country by running the command +`locale -a | grep '^LL''. + + Not all programs have translations for all languages. By default, an +English message is shown in place of a nonexistent translation. If you +understand other languages, you can set up a priority list of languages. +This is done through a different environment variable, called +`LANGUAGE'. GNU `gettext' gives preference to `LANGUAGE' over `LANG' +for the purpose of message handling, but you still need to have `LANG' +set to the primary language; this is required by other parts of the +system libraries. For example, some Swedish users who would rather +read translations in German than English for when Swedish is not +available, set `LANGUAGE' to `sv:de' while leaving `LANG' to `sv_SE'. + + In the `LANGUAGE' environment variable, but not in the `LANG' +environment variable, `LL_CC' combinations can be abbreviated as `LL' +to denote the language's main dialect. For example, `de' is equivalent +to `de_DE' (German as spoken in Germany), and `pt' to `pt_PT' +(Portuguese as spoken in Portugal) in this context. + +Translating Teams +================= + + For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested +people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also +able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language. +Each translation team has its own mailing list. The up-to-date list of +teams can be found at the Free Translation Project's homepage, +`http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/', in the "National teams" +area. + + If you'd like to volunteer to _work_ at translating messages, you +should become a member of the translating team for your own language. +The subscribing address is _not_ the same as the list itself, it has +`-request' appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send a +message to `sv-request@li.org', having this message body: + + subscribe + + Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate +_actively_ in translations, or at solving translational difficulties, +rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not exist yet and +you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to do or how to +get started, please write to `translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to reach the +coordinator for all translator teams. + + The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing +the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skill are praised more than +programming skill, here. + +Available Packages +================== + + Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following +matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of May 2003. +The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which languages PO +files have been submitted to translation coordination, with a +translation percentage of at least 50%. + + Ready PO files am az be bg ca cs da de el en en_GB eo es + +-------------------------------------------+ + a2ps | [] [] [] [] | + aegis | () | + anubis | | + ap-utils | | + bash | [] [] [] | + batchelor | | + bfd | [] [] | + binutils | [] [] | + bison | [] [] [] | + bluez-pin | [] [] | + clisp | | + clisp | [] [] [] | + coreutils | [] [] [] [] | + cpio | [] [] [] | + darkstat | () [] | + diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + e2fsprogs | [] [] | + enscript | [] [] [] [] | + error | [] [] [] [] [] | + fetchmail | [] () [] [] [] [] | + fileutils | [] [] [] | + findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + flex | [] [] [] [] | + gas | [] | + gawk | [] [] [] [] | + gcal | [] | + gcc | [] [] | + gettext | [] [] [] [] [] | + gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] | + gettext-tools | [] [] | + gimp-print | [] [] [] [] [] | + gliv | | + glunarclock | [] [] [] | + gnucash | () [] | + gnucash-glossary | [] () [] | + gnupg | [] () [] [] [] [] | + gpe-calendar | [] | + gpe-conf | [] | + gpe-contacts | [] | + gpe-edit | | + gpe-login | [] | + gpe-ownerinfo | [] | + gpe-sketchbook | [] | + gpe-timesheet | | + gpe-today | [] | + gpe-todo | [] | + gphoto2 | [] [] [] [] | + gprof | [] [] | + gpsdrive | () () () | + grep | [] [] [] [] [] | + gretl | [] | + hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + id-utils | [] [] | + indent | [] [] [] [] | + jpilot | [] [] [] [] | + jwhois | [] | + kbd | [] [] [] [] [] | + ld | [] [] | + libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + libgpewidget | [] | + libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] | + lifelines | [] () | + lilypond | [] | + lingoteach | | + lingoteach_lessons | () () | + lynx | [] [] [] [] | + m4 | [] [] [] [] | + mailutils | [] [] | + make | [] [] [] | + man-db | [] () [] [] () | + mysecretdiary | [] [] [] | + nano | [] () [] [] [] | + nano_1_0 | [] () [] [] [] | + opcodes | [] [] | + parted | [] [] [] [] [] | + ptx | [] [] [] [] [] | + python | | + radius | | + recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + screem | | + sed | [] [] [] [] [] | + sh-utils | [] [] [] | + sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + sketch | [] () [] | + soundtracker | [] [] [] | + sp | [] | + tar | [] [] [] [] | + texinfo | [] [] [] [] | + textutils | [] [] [] [] | + tin | () () | + util-linux | [] [] [] [] [] | + vorbis-tools | [] [] [] | + wastesedge | () | + wdiff | [] [] [] [] | + wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + xchat | [] [] [] | + xpad | | + +-------------------------------------------+ + am az be bg ca cs da de el en en_GB eo es + 0 1 4 2 31 17 54 60 14 1 4 12 56 + + et fa fi fr ga gl he hr hu id it ja ko + +----------------------------------------+ + a2ps | [] [] [] () () | + aegis | | + anubis | [] | + ap-utils | [] | + bash | [] [] | + batchelor | [] | + bfd | [] [] | + binutils | [] [] | + bison | [] [] [] [] | + bluez-pin | [] [] [] [] | + clisp | | + clisp | [] | + coreutils | [] [] [] [] | + cpio | [] [] [] [] | + darkstat | () [] [] [] | + diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + e2fsprogs | | + enscript | [] [] | + error | [] [] [] [] | + fetchmail | [] | + fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] | + findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + flex | [] [] | + gas | [] | + gawk | [] [] | + gcal | [] | + gcc | [] | + gettext | [] [] [] | + gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] | + gettext-tools | [] | + gimp-print | [] [] | + gliv | () | + glunarclock | [] [] [] [] | + gnucash | [] | + gnucash-glossary | [] | + gnupg | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + gpe-calendar | [] | + gpe-conf | | + gpe-contacts | [] | + gpe-edit | [] [] | + gpe-login | [] | + gpe-ownerinfo | [] [] [] | + gpe-sketchbook | [] | + gpe-timesheet | [] [] [] | + gpe-today | [] [] | + gpe-todo | [] [] | + gphoto2 | [] [] [] | + gprof | [] [] | + gpsdrive | () [] () () | + grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + gretl | [] | + hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + id-utils | [] [] [] | + indent | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + jpilot | [] () | + jwhois | [] [] [] [] | + kbd | [] | + ld | [] | + libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + libgpewidget | [] [] [] | + libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + lifelines | () | + lilypond | [] | + lingoteach | [] [] | + lingoteach_lessons | | + lynx | [] [] [] [] | + m4 | [] [] [] [] | + mailutils | | + make | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + man-db | [] () () | + mysecretdiary | [] [] | + nano | [] [] [] [] | + nano_1_0 | [] [] [] [] | + opcodes | [] [] | + parted | [] [] [] | + ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + python | | + radius | | + recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + screem | | + sed | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + sh-utils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] | + sketch | [] | + soundtracker | [] [] [] | + sp | [] () | + tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + texinfo | [] [] [] [] | + textutils | [] [] [] [] [] | + tin | [] () | + util-linux | [] [] [] [] () [] | + vorbis-tools | [] | + wastesedge | () | + wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] | + wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + xchat | [] [] [] | + xpad | | + +----------------------------------------+ + et fa fi fr ga gl he hr hu id it ja ko + 20 1 15 73 14 24 8 10 30 31 19 31 9 + + lg lt lv ms nb nl nn no pl pt pt_BR ro + +----------------------------------------+ + a2ps | [] [] () () () [] [] | + aegis | () | + anubis | [] [] | + ap-utils | () | + bash | [] | + batchelor | | + bfd | | + binutils | | + bison | [] [] [] [] | + bluez-pin | [] | + clisp | | + clisp | [] | + coreutils | [] | + cpio | [] [] [] | + darkstat | [] [] [] [] | + diffutils | [] [] [] | + e2fsprogs | | + enscript | [] [] | + error | [] [] | + fetchmail | () () | + fileutils | [] | + findutils | [] [] [] [] | + flex | [] | + gas | | + gawk | [] | + gcal | | + gcc | | + gettext | [] | + gettext-runtime | [] | + gettext-tools | | + gimp-print | [] | + gliv | [] | + glunarclock | [] | + gnucash | | + gnucash-glossary | [] [] | + gnupg | | + gpe-calendar | [] [] | + gpe-conf | [] [] | + gpe-contacts | [] | + gpe-edit | [] [] | + gpe-login | [] [] | + gpe-ownerinfo | [] [] | + gpe-sketchbook | [] [] | + gpe-timesheet | [] [] | + gpe-today | [] [] | + gpe-todo | [] [] | + gphoto2 | | + gprof | [] | + gpsdrive | () () () | + grep | [] [] [] [] | + gretl | | + hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + id-utils | [] [] [] | + indent | [] [] [] | + jpilot | () () | + jwhois | [] [] [] | + kbd | | + ld | | + libc | [] [] [] [] | + libgpewidget | [] [] | + libiconv | [] [] | + lifelines | | + lilypond | [] | + lingoteach | | + lingoteach_lessons | | + lynx | [] [] | + m4 | [] [] [] [] | + mailutils | | + make | [] [] | + man-db | [] | + mysecretdiary | [] | + nano | [] [] [] [] | + nano_1_0 | [] [] [] [] | + opcodes | [] [] [] | + parted | [] [] [] | + ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | + python | | + radius | | + recode | [] [] [] | + screem | | + sed | [] [] | + sh-utils | [] | + sharutils | [] | + sketch | [] | + soundtracker | | + sp | | + tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] | + texinfo | [] | + textutils | [] | + tin | | + util-linux | [] [] | + vorbis-tools | [] [] | + wastesedge | | + wdiff | [] [] [] [] | + wget | [] [] [] | + xchat | [] [] | + xpad | [] | + +----------------------------------------+ + lg lt lv ms nb nl nn no pl pt pt_BR ro + 0 0 2 11 7 26 3 4 18 15 34 34 + + ru sk sl sr sv ta tr uk vi wa zh_CN zh_TW + +-------------------------------------------+ + a2ps | [] [] [] [] [] | 16 + aegis | () | 0 + anubis | [] [] | 5 + ap-utils | () | 1 + bash | [] | 7 + batchelor | | 1 + bfd | [] [] [] | 7 + binutils | [] [] [] | 7 + bison | [] [] | 13 + bluez-pin | | 7 + clisp | | 0 + clisp | | 5 + coreutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 14 + cpio | [] [] [] | 13 + darkstat | [] () () | 9 + diffutils | [] [] [] [] | 21 + e2fsprogs | [] | 3 + enscript | [] [] [] | 11 + error | [] [] [] | 14 + fetchmail | [] | 7 + fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 15 + findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 27 + flex | [] [] [] | 10 + gas | [] | 3 + gawk | [] [] | 9 + gcal | [] [] | 4 + gcc | [] | 4 + gettext | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 15 + gettext-runtime | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 16 + gettext-tools | [] [] | 5 + gimp-print | [] [] | 10 + gliv | | 1 + glunarclock | [] [] [] | 11 + gnucash | [] [] | 4 + gnucash-glossary | [] [] [] | 8 + gnupg | [] [] [] [] | 16 + gpe-calendar | [] | 5 + gpe-conf | | 3 + gpe-contacts | [] | 4 + gpe-edit | [] | 5 + gpe-login | [] | 5 + gpe-ownerinfo | [] | 7 + gpe-sketchbook | [] | 5 + gpe-timesheet | [] | 6 + gpe-today | [] | 6 + gpe-todo | [] | 6 + gphoto2 | [] [] | 9 + gprof | [] [] | 7 + gpsdrive | [] [] | 3 + grep | [] [] [] [] | 24 + gretl | | 2 + hello | [] [] [] [] [] | 33 + id-utils | [] [] [] | 11 + indent | [] [] [] [] | 19 + jpilot | [] [] [] [] [] | 10 + jwhois | () () [] [] | 10 + kbd | [] [] | 8 + ld | [] [] | 5 + libc | [] [] [] [] | 20 + libgpewidget | | 6 + libiconv | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 21 + lifelines | [] | 2 + lilypond | [] | 4 + lingoteach | | 2 + lingoteach_lessons | () | 0 + lynx | [] [] [] [] | 14 + m4 | [] [] [] | 15 + mailutils | | 2 + make | [] [] [] [] | 15 + man-db | [] | 6 + mysecretdiary | [] [] | 8 + nano | [] [] [] | 15 + nano_1_0 | [] [] [] | 15 + opcodes | [] [] | 9 + parted | [] [] | 13 + ptx | [] [] [] | 22 + python | | 0 + radius | | 0 + recode | [] [] [] [] | 19 + screem | [] | 1 + sed | [] [] [] [] [] | 20 + sh-utils | [] [] [] | 13 + sharutils | [] [] [] [] | 16 + sketch | [] | 5 + soundtracker | [] | 7 + sp | [] | 3 + tar | [] [] [] [] [] | 24 + texinfo | [] [] [] [] | 13 + textutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 15 + tin | | 1 + util-linux | [] [] | 14 + vorbis-tools | [] | 7 + wastesedge | | 0 + wdiff | [] [] [] [] | 17 + wget | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 25 + xchat | [] [] [] | 11 + xpad | | 1 + +-------------------------------------------+ + 50 teams ru sk sl sr sv ta tr uk vi wa zh_CN zh_TW + 97 domains 32 19 16 0 56 0 48 10 1 1 12 23 913 + + Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of +visible blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are +used for implementing regional variants of languages, or language +dialects. + + For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to +which it applies should also have been internationalized and +distributed as such by its maintainer. There might be an observable +lag between the mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a +distribution. + + If May 2003 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy of +this `ABOUT-NLS' file on most GNU archive sites. The most up-to-date +matrix with full percentage details can be found at +`http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/contrib/po/HTML/matrix.html'. + +Using `gettext' in new packages +=============================== + + If you are writing a freely available program and want to +internationalize it you are welcome to use GNU `gettext' in your +package. Of course you have to respect the GNU Library General Public +License which covers the use of the GNU `gettext' library. This means +in particular that even non-free programs can use `libintl' as a shared +library, whereas only free software can use `libintl' as a static +library or use modified versions of `libintl'. + + Once the sources are changed appropriately and the setup can handle +the use of `gettext' the only thing missing are the translations. The +Free Translation Project is also available for packages which are not +developed inside the GNU project. Therefore the information given above +applies also for every other Free Software Project. Contact +`translation@iro.umontreal.ca' to make the `.pot' files available to +the translation teams. +