--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/gcc/doc/g++.1	Fri Jul 17 14:47:48 2009 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,15351 @@
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+.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
+.\" ========================================================================
+.\"
+.IX Title "GCC 1"
+.TH GCC 1 "2009-04-21" "gcc-4.4.0" "GNU"
+.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
+.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
+.if n .ad l
+.nh
+.SH "NAME"
+gcc \- GNU project C and C++ compiler
+.SH "SYNOPSIS"
+.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
+gcc [\fB\-c\fR|\fB\-S\fR|\fB\-E\fR] [\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR]
+    [\fB\-g\fR] [\fB\-pg\fR] [\fB\-O\fR\fIlevel\fR]
+    [\fB\-W\fR\fIwarn\fR...] [\fB\-pedantic\fR]
+    [\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR...] [\fB\-L\fR\fIdir\fR...]
+    [\fB\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[=\fIdefn\fR]...] [\fB\-U\fR\fImacro\fR]
+    [\fB\-f\fR\fIoption\fR...] [\fB\-m\fR\fImachine-option\fR...]
+    [\fB\-o\fR \fIoutfile\fR] [@\fIfile\fR] \fIinfile\fR...
+.PP
+Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the
+remainder.  \fBg++\fR accepts mostly the same options as \fBgcc\fR.
+.SH "DESCRIPTION"
+.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
+When you invoke \s-1GCC\s0, it normally does preprocessing, compilation,
+assembly and linking.  The \*(L"overall options\*(R" allow you to stop this
+process at an intermediate stage.  For example, the \fB\-c\fR option
+says not to run the linker.  Then the output consists of object files
+output by the assembler.
+.PP
+Other options are passed on to one stage of processing.  Some options
+control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself.  Yet other
+options control the assembler and linker; most of these are not
+documented here, since you rarely need to use any of them.
+.PP
+Most of the command line options that you can use with \s-1GCC\s0 are useful
+for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language
+(usually \*(C+), the explanation says so explicitly.  If the description
+for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use
+that option with all supported languages.
+.PP
+The \fBgcc\fR program accepts options and file names as operands.  Many
+options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options
+may \fInot\fR be grouped: \fB\-dv\fR is very different from \fB\-d\ \-v\fR.
+.PP
+You can mix options and other arguments.  For the most part, the order
+you use doesn't matter.  Order does matter when you use several
+options of the same kind; for example, if you specify \fB\-L\fR more
+than once, the directories are searched in the order specified.  Also,
+the placement of the \fB\-l\fR option is significant.
+.PP
+Many options have long names starting with \fB\-f\fR or with
+\&\fB\-W\fR\-\-\-for example,
+\&\fB\-fmove\-loop\-invariants\fR, \fB\-Wformat\fR and so on.  Most of
+these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of
+\&\fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno\-foo\fR.  This manual documents
+only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default.
+.SH "OPTIONS"
+.IX Header "OPTIONS"
+.Sh "Option Summary"
+.IX Subsection "Option Summary"
+Here is a summary of all the options, grouped by type.  Explanations are
+in the following sections.
+.IP "\fIOverall Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Overall Options"
+\&\fB\-c  \-S  \-E  \-o\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-combine  \-pipe  \-pass\-exit\-codes  
+\&\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR  \fB\-v  \-###  \-\-help\fR[\fB=\fR\fIclass\fR[\fB,...\fR]]  \fB\-\-target\-help  
+\&\-\-version \-wrapper@\fR\fIfile\fR
+.IP "\fIC Language Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "C Language Options"
+\&\fB\-ansi  \-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR  \fB\-fgnu89\-inline 
+\&\-aux\-info\fR \fIfilename\fR 
+\&\fB\-fno\-asm  \-fno\-builtin  \-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR 
+\&\fB\-fhosted  \-ffreestanding \-fopenmp \-fms\-extensions 
+\&\-trigraphs  \-no\-integrated\-cpp  \-traditional  \-traditional\-cpp 
+\&\-fallow\-single\-precision  \-fcond\-mismatch \-flax\-vector\-conversions 
+\&\-fsigned\-bitfields  \-fsigned\-char 
+\&\-funsigned\-bitfields  \-funsigned\-char\fR
+.IP "\fI\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item " Language Options"
+\&\fB\-fabi\-version=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-fno\-access\-control  \-fcheck\-new 
+\&\-fconserve\-space  \-ffriend\-injection 
+\&\-fno\-elide\-constructors 
+\&\-fno\-enforce\-eh\-specs 
+\&\-ffor\-scope  \-fno\-for\-scope  \-fno\-gnu\-keywords 
+\&\-fno\-implicit\-templates 
+\&\-fno\-implicit\-inline\-templates 
+\&\-fno\-implement\-inlines  \-fms\-extensions 
+\&\-fno\-nonansi\-builtins  \-fno\-operator\-names 
+\&\-fno\-optional\-diags  \-fpermissive 
+\&\-frepo  \-fno\-rtti  \-fstats  \-ftemplate\-depth\-\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-fno\-threadsafe\-statics \-fuse\-cxa\-atexit  \-fno\-weak  \-nostdinc++ 
+\&\-fno\-default\-inline  \-fvisibility\-inlines\-hidden 
+\&\-fvisibility\-ms\-compat 
+\&\-Wabi  \-Wctor\-dtor\-privacy 
+\&\-Wnon\-virtual\-dtor  \-Wreorder 
+\&\-Weffc++  \-Wstrict\-null\-sentinel 
+\&\-Wno\-non\-template\-friend  \-Wold\-style\-cast 
+\&\-Woverloaded\-virtual  \-Wno\-pmf\-conversions 
+\&\-Wsign\-promo\fR
+.IP "\fIObjective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ Language Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Objective-C and Objective- Language Options"
+\&\fB\-fconstant\-string\-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR 
+\&\fB\-fgnu\-runtime  \-fnext\-runtime 
+\&\-fno\-nil\-receivers 
+\&\-fobjc\-call\-cxx\-cdtors 
+\&\-fobjc\-direct\-dispatch 
+\&\-fobjc\-exceptions 
+\&\-fobjc\-gc 
+\&\-freplace\-objc\-classes 
+\&\-fzero\-link 
+\&\-gen\-decls 
+\&\-Wassign\-intercept 
+\&\-Wno\-protocol  \-Wselector 
+\&\-Wstrict\-selector\-match 
+\&\-Wundeclared\-selector\fR
+.IP "\fILanguage Independent Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Language Independent Options"
+\&\fB\-fmessage\-length=\fR\fIn\fR  
+\&\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-location=\fR[\fBonce\fR|\fBevery-line\fR]  
+\&\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-option\fR
+.IP "\fIWarning Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Warning Options"
+\&\fB\-fsyntax\-only  \-pedantic  \-pedantic\-errors 
+\&\-w  \-Wextra  \-Wall  \-Waddress  \-Waggregate\-return  \-Warray\-bounds 
+\&\-Wno\-attributes \-Wno\-builtin\-macro\-redefined 
+\&\-Wc++\-compat \-Wc++0x\-compat \-Wcast\-align  \-Wcast\-qual  
+\&\-Wchar\-subscripts \-Wclobbered  \-Wcomment 
+\&\-Wconversion  \-Wcoverage\-mismatch  \-Wno\-deprecated  
+\&\-Wno\-deprecated\-declarations \-Wdisabled\-optimization  
+\&\-Wno\-div\-by\-zero \-Wempty\-body  \-Wenum\-compare \-Wno\-endif\-labels 
+\&\-Werror  \-Werror=* 
+\&\-Wfatal\-errors  \-Wfloat\-equal  \-Wformat  \-Wformat=2 
+\&\-Wno\-format\-contains\-nul \-Wno\-format\-extra\-args \-Wformat\-nonliteral 
+\&\-Wformat\-security  \-Wformat\-y2k 
+\&\-Wframe\-larger\-than=\fR\fIlen\fR \fB\-Wignored\-qualifiers 
+\&\-Wimplicit  \-Wimplicit\-function\-declaration  \-Wimplicit\-int 
+\&\-Winit\-self  \-Winline 
+\&\-Wno\-int\-to\-pointer\-cast \-Wno\-invalid\-offsetof 
+\&\-Winvalid\-pch \-Wlarger\-than=\fR\fIlen\fR  \fB\-Wunsafe\-loop\-optimizations 
+\&\-Wlogical\-op \-Wlong\-long 
+\&\-Wmain  \-Wmissing\-braces  \-Wmissing\-field\-initializers 
+\&\-Wmissing\-format\-attribute  \-Wmissing\-include\-dirs 
+\&\-Wmissing\-noreturn  \-Wno\-mudflap 
+\&\-Wno\-multichar  \-Wnonnull  \-Wno\-overflow 
+\&\-Woverlength\-strings  \-Wpacked  \-Wpacked\-bitfield\-compat  \-Wpadded 
+\&\-Wparentheses  \-Wpedantic\-ms\-format \-Wno\-pedantic\-ms\-format 
+\&\-Wpointer\-arith  \-Wno\-pointer\-to\-int\-cast 
+\&\-Wredundant\-decls 
+\&\-Wreturn\-type  \-Wsequence\-point  \-Wshadow 
+\&\-Wsign\-compare  \-Wsign\-conversion  \-Wstack\-protector 
+\&\-Wstrict\-aliasing \-Wstrict\-aliasing=n 
+\&\-Wstrict\-overflow \-Wstrict\-overflow=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-Wswitch  \-Wswitch\-default  \-Wswitch\-enum \-Wsync\-nand 
+\&\-Wsystem\-headers  \-Wtrigraphs  \-Wtype\-limits  \-Wundef  \-Wuninitialized 
+\&\-Wunknown\-pragmas  \-Wno\-pragmas \-Wunreachable\-code 
+\&\-Wunused  \-Wunused\-function  \-Wunused\-label  \-Wunused\-parameter 
+\&\-Wunused\-value  \-Wunused\-variable 
+\&\-Wvariadic\-macros \-Wvla 
+\&\-Wvolatile\-register\-var  \-Wwrite\-strings\fR
+.IP "\fIC and Objective-C-only Warning Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "C and Objective-C-only Warning Options"
+\&\fB\-Wbad\-function\-cast  \-Wmissing\-declarations 
+\&\-Wmissing\-parameter\-type  \-Wmissing\-prototypes  \-Wnested\-externs 
+\&\-Wold\-style\-declaration  \-Wold\-style\-definition 
+\&\-Wstrict\-prototypes  \-Wtraditional  \-Wtraditional\-conversion 
+\&\-Wdeclaration\-after\-statement \-Wpointer\-sign\fR
+.IP "\fIDebugging Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Debugging Options"
+\&\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR  \fB\-dumpspecs  \-dumpmachine  \-dumpversion 
+\&\-fdbg\-cnt\-list \-fdbg\-cnt=\fR\fIcounter-value-list\fR 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-noaddr \-fdump\-unnumbered 
+\&\-fdump\-translation\-unit\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-class\-hierarchy\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-ipa\-all \-fdump\-ipa\-cgraph \-fdump\-ipa\-inline 
+\&\-fdump\-statistics 
+\&\-fdump\-tree\-all 
+\&\-fdump\-tree\-original\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR]  
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-optimized\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-cfg \-fdump\-tree\-vcg \-fdump\-tree\-alias 
+\&\-fdump\-tree\-ch 
+\&\-fdump\-tree\-ssa\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] \fB\-fdump\-tree\-pre\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-ccp\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] \fB\-fdump\-tree\-dce\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-gimple\fR[\fB\-raw\fR] \fB\-fdump\-tree\-mudflap\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-dom\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-dse\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-phiopt\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-forwprop\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-copyrename\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-nrv \-fdump\-tree\-vect 
+\&\-fdump\-tree\-sink 
+\&\-fdump\-tree\-sra\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-fre\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-vrp\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-ftree\-vectorizer\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-storeccp\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIn\fR] 
+\&\fB\-feliminate\-dwarf2\-dups \-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-types 
+\&\-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-symbols \-femit\-class\-debug\-always 
+\&\-fmem\-report \-fpre\-ipa\-mem\-report \-fpost\-ipa\-mem\-report \-fprofile\-arcs 
+\&\-frandom\-seed=\fR\fIstring\fR \fB\-fsched\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-fsel\-sched\-verbose \-fsel\-sched\-dump\-cfg \-fsel\-sched\-pipelining\-verbose 
+\&\-ftest\-coverage  \-ftime\-report \-fvar\-tracking 
+\&\-g  \-g\fR\fIlevel\fR  \fB\-gcoff \-gdwarf\-2 
+\&\-ggdb  \-gstabs  \-gstabs+  \-gvms  \-gxcoff  \-gxcoff+ 
+\&\-fno\-merge\-debug\-strings \-fno\-dwarf2\-cfi\-asm 
+\&\-fdebug\-prefix\-map=\fR\fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR 
+\&\fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-baseonly \-femit\-struct\-debug\-reduced 
+\&\-femit\-struct\-debug\-detailed\fR[\fB=\fR\fIspec-list\fR] 
+\&\fB\-p  \-pg  \-print\-file\-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR  \fB\-print\-libgcc\-file\-name 
+\&\-print\-multi\-directory  \-print\-multi\-lib 
+\&\-print\-prog\-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR  \fB\-print\-search\-dirs  \-Q 
+\&\-print\-sysroot \-print\-sysroot\-headers\-suffix 
+\&\-save\-temps  \-time\fR
+.IP "\fIOptimization Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Optimization Options"
+\&\fB\-falign\-functions[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB] \-falign\-jumps[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB] 
+\&\-falign\-labels[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB] \-falign\-loops[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB] \-fassociative\-math 
+\&\-fauto\-inc\-dec \-fbranch\-probabilities \-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize 
+\&\-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize2 \-fbtr\-bb\-exclusive \-fcaller\-saves 
+\&\-fcheck\-data\-deps \-fconserve\-stack \-fcprop\-registers \-fcrossjumping 
+\&\-fcse\-follow\-jumps \-fcse\-skip\-blocks \-fcx\-fortran\-rules \-fcx\-limited\-range 
+\&\-fdata\-sections \-fdce \-fdce 
+\&\-fdelayed\-branch \-fdelete\-null\-pointer\-checks \-fdse \-fdse 
+\&\-fearly\-inlining \-fexpensive\-optimizations \-ffast\-math 
+\&\-ffinite\-math\-only \-ffloat\-store \-fforward\-propagate 
+\&\-ffunction\-sections \-fgcse \-fgcse\-after\-reload \-fgcse\-las \-fgcse\-lm 
+\&\-fgcse\-sm \-fif\-conversion \-fif\-conversion2 \-findirect\-inlining 
+\&\-finline\-functions \-finline\-functions\-called\-once \-finline\-limit=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-finline\-small\-functions \-fipa\-cp \-fipa\-cp\-clone \-fipa\-matrix\-reorg \-fipa\-pta  
+\&\-fipa\-pure\-const \-fipa\-reference \-fipa\-struct\-reorg 
+\&\-fipa\-type\-escape \-fira\-algorithm=\fR\fIalgorithm\fR 
+\&\fB\-fira\-region=\fR\fIregion\fR \fB\-fira\-coalesce \-fno\-ira\-share\-save\-slots 
+\&\-fno\-ira\-share\-spill\-slots \-fira\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-fivopts \-fkeep\-inline\-functions \-fkeep\-static\-consts 
+\&\-floop\-block \-floop\-interchange \-floop\-strip\-mine 
+\&\-fmerge\-all\-constants \-fmerge\-constants \-fmodulo\-sched 
+\&\-fmodulo\-sched\-allow\-regmoves \-fmove\-loop\-invariants \-fmudflap 
+\&\-fmudflapir \-fmudflapth \-fno\-branch\-count\-reg \-fno\-default\-inline 
+\&\-fno\-defer\-pop \-fno\-function\-cse \-fno\-guess\-branch\-probability 
+\&\-fno\-inline \-fno\-math\-errno \-fno\-peephole \-fno\-peephole2 
+\&\-fno\-sched\-interblock \-fno\-sched\-spec \-fno\-signed\-zeros 
+\&\-fno\-toplevel\-reorder \-fno\-trapping\-math \-fno\-zero\-initialized\-in\-bss 
+\&\-fomit\-frame\-pointer \-foptimize\-register\-move \-foptimize\-sibling\-calls 
+\&\-fpeel\-loops \-fpredictive\-commoning \-fprefetch\-loop\-arrays 
+\&\-fprofile\-correction \-fprofile\-dir=\fR\fIpath\fR \fB\-fprofile\-generate 
+\&\-fprofile\-generate=\fR\fIpath\fR 
+\&\fB\-fprofile\-use \-fprofile\-use=\fR\fIpath\fR \fB\-fprofile\-values 
+\&\-freciprocal\-math \-fregmove \-frename\-registers \-freorder\-blocks 
+\&\-freorder\-blocks\-and\-partition \-freorder\-functions 
+\&\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop \-freschedule\-modulo\-scheduled\-loops 
+\&\-frounding\-math \-frtl\-abstract\-sequences \-fsched2\-use\-superblocks 
+\&\-fsched2\-use\-traces \-fsched\-spec\-load \-fsched\-spec\-load\-dangerous 
+\&\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\-dep[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB] \-fsched\-stalled\-insns[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB] 
+\&\-fschedule\-insns \-fschedule\-insns2 \-fsection\-anchors \-fsee 
+\&\-fselective\-scheduling \-fselective\-scheduling2 
+\&\-fsel\-sched\-pipelining \-fsel\-sched\-pipelining\-outer\-loops 
+\&\-fsignaling\-nans \-fsingle\-precision\-constant \-fsplit\-ivs\-in\-unroller 
+\&\-fsplit\-wide\-types \-fstack\-protector \-fstack\-protector\-all 
+\&\-fstrict\-aliasing \-fstrict\-overflow \-fthread\-jumps \-ftracer 
+\&\-ftree\-builtin\-call\-dce \-ftree\-ccp \-ftree\-ch \-ftree\-copy\-prop 
+\&\-ftree\-copyrename \-ftree\-dce 
+\&\-ftree\-dominator\-opts \-ftree\-dse \-ftree\-fre \-ftree\-loop\-im 
+\&\-ftree\-loop\-distribution 
+\&\-ftree\-loop\-ivcanon \-ftree\-loop\-linear \-ftree\-loop\-optimize 
+\&\-ftree\-parallelize\-loops=\fR\fIn\fR \fB\-ftree\-pre \-ftree\-reassoc 
+\&\-ftree\-sink \-ftree\-sra \-ftree\-switch\-conversion 
+\&\-ftree\-ter \-ftree\-vect\-loop\-version \-ftree\-vectorize \-ftree\-vrp 
+\&\-funit\-at\-a\-time \-funroll\-all\-loops \-funroll\-loops 
+\&\-funsafe\-loop\-optimizations \-funsafe\-math\-optimizations \-funswitch\-loops 
+\&\-fvariable\-expansion\-in\-unroller \-fvect\-cost\-model \-fvpt \-fweb 
+\&\-fwhole\-program 
+\&\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR
+\&\fB\-O  \-O0  \-O1  \-O2  \-O3  \-Os\fR
+.IP "\fIPreprocessor Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Preprocessor Options"
+\&\fB\-A\fR\fIquestion\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR 
+\&\fB\-A\-\fR\fIquestion\fR[\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR] 
+\&\fB\-C  \-dD  \-dI  \-dM  \-dN 
+\&\-D\fR\fImacro\fR[\fB=\fR\fIdefn\fR]  \fB\-E  \-H 
+\&\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR 
+\&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR 
+\&\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIfile\fR  \fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR 
+\&\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR  \fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR 
+\&\fB\-imultilib\fR \fIdir\fR \fB\-isysroot\fR \fIdir\fR 
+\&\fB\-M  \-MM  \-MF  \-MG  \-MP  \-MQ  \-MT  \-nostdinc  
+\&\-P  \-fworking\-directory  \-remap 
+\&\-trigraphs  \-undef  \-U\fR\fImacro\fR  \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR 
+\&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR \fIoption\fR
+.IP "\fIAssembler Option\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Assembler Option"
+\&\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR  \fB\-Xassembler\fR \fIoption\fR
+.IP "\fILinker Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Linker Options"
+\&\fIobject-file-name\fR  \fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR 
+\&\fB\-nostartfiles  \-nodefaultlibs  \-nostdlib \-pie \-rdynamic 
+\&\-s  \-static  \-static\-libgcc  \-shared  \-shared\-libgcc  \-symbolic 
+\&\-T\fR \fIscript\fR  \fB\-Wl,\fR\fIoption\fR  \fB\-Xlinker\fR \fIoption\fR 
+\&\fB\-u\fR \fIsymbol\fR
+.IP "\fIDirectory Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Directory Options"
+\&\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR  \fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR  \fB\-iquote\fR\fIdir\fR  \fB\-L\fR\fIdir\fR
+\&\fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR  \fB\-I\- \-\-sysroot=\fR\fIdir\fR
+.IP "\fITarget Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Target Options"
+\&\fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR  \fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR
+.IP "\fIMachine Dependent Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Machine Dependent Options"
+\&\fI\s-1ARC\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-EB  \-EL 
+\&\-mmangle\-cpu  \-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR 
+\&\fB\-mdata=\fR\fIdata-section\fR  \fB\-mrodata=\fR\fIreadonly-data-section\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1ARM\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mapcs\-frame  \-mno\-apcs\-frame 
+\&\-mabi=\fR\fIname\fR 
+\&\fB\-mapcs\-stack\-check  \-mno\-apcs\-stack\-check 
+\&\-mapcs\-float  \-mno\-apcs\-float 
+\&\-mapcs\-reentrant  \-mno\-apcs\-reentrant 
+\&\-msched\-prolog  \-mno\-sched\-prolog 
+\&\-mlittle\-endian  \-mbig\-endian  \-mwords\-little\-endian 
+\&\-mfloat\-abi=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-msoft\-float  \-mhard\-float  \-mfpe 
+\&\-mthumb\-interwork  \-mno\-thumb\-interwork 
+\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR  \fB\-mfpu=\fR\fIname\fR  
+\&\fB\-mstructure\-size\-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-mabort\-on\-noreturn 
+\&\-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls 
+\&\-msingle\-pic\-base  \-mno\-single\-pic\-base 
+\&\-mpic\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR 
+\&\fB\-mnop\-fun\-dllimport 
+\&\-mcirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns \-mno\-cirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns 
+\&\-mpoke\-function\-name 
+\&\-mthumb  \-marm 
+\&\-mtpcs\-frame  \-mtpcs\-leaf\-frame 
+\&\-mcaller\-super\-interworking  \-mcallee\-super\-interworking 
+\&\-mtp=\fR\fIname\fR 
+\&\fB\-mword\-relocations 
+\&\-mfix\-cortex\-m3\-ldrd\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1AVR\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR  \fB\-msize  \-minit\-stack=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mno\-interrupts 
+\&\-mcall\-prologues  \-mno\-tablejump  \-mtiny\-stack  \-mint8\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIBlackfin Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIsirevision\fR] 
+\&\fB\-msim \-momit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer  \-mno\-omit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer 
+\&\-mspecld\-anomaly  \-mno\-specld\-anomaly  \-mcsync\-anomaly  \-mno\-csync\-anomaly 
+\&\-mlow\-64k \-mno\-low64k  \-mstack\-check\-l1  \-mid\-shared\-library 
+\&\-mno\-id\-shared\-library  \-mshared\-library\-id=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-mleaf\-id\-shared\-library  \-mno\-leaf\-id\-shared\-library 
+\&\-msep\-data  \-mno\-sep\-data  \-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls 
+\&\-mfast\-fp \-minline\-plt \-mmulticore  \-mcorea  \-mcoreb  \-msdram 
+\&\-micplb\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1CRIS\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu\fR 
+\&\fB\-mmax\-stack\-frame=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-melinux\-stacksize=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-metrax4  \-metrax100  \-mpdebug  \-mcc\-init  \-mno\-side\-effects 
+\&\-mstack\-align  \-mdata\-align  \-mconst\-align 
+\&\-m32\-bit  \-m16\-bit  \-m8\-bit  \-mno\-prologue\-epilogue  \-mno\-gotplt 
+\&\-melf  \-maout  \-melinux  \-mlinux  \-sim  \-sim2 
+\&\-mmul\-bug\-workaround  \-mno\-mul\-bug\-workaround\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1CRX\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mmac \-mpush\-args\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIDarwin Options\fR
+\&\fB\-all_load  \-allowable_client  \-arch  \-arch_errors_fatal 
+\&\-arch_only  \-bind_at_load  \-bundle  \-bundle_loader 
+\&\-client_name  \-compatibility_version  \-current_version 
+\&\-dead_strip 
+\&\-dependency\-file  \-dylib_file  \-dylinker_install_name 
+\&\-dynamic  \-dynamiclib  \-exported_symbols_list 
+\&\-filelist  \-flat_namespace  \-force_cpusubtype_ALL 
+\&\-force_flat_namespace  \-headerpad_max_install_names 
+\&\-iframework 
+\&\-image_base  \-init  \-install_name  \-keep_private_externs 
+\&\-multi_module  \-multiply_defined  \-multiply_defined_unused 
+\&\-noall_load   \-no_dead_strip_inits_and_terms 
+\&\-nofixprebinding \-nomultidefs  \-noprebind  \-noseglinkedit 
+\&\-pagezero_size  \-prebind  \-prebind_all_twolevel_modules 
+\&\-private_bundle  \-read_only_relocs  \-sectalign 
+\&\-sectobjectsymbols  \-whyload  \-seg1addr 
+\&\-sectcreate  \-sectobjectsymbols  \-sectorder 
+\&\-segaddr \-segs_read_only_addr \-segs_read_write_addr 
+\&\-seg_addr_table  \-seg_addr_table_filename  \-seglinkedit 
+\&\-segprot  \-segs_read_only_addr  \-segs_read_write_addr 
+\&\-single_module  \-static  \-sub_library  \-sub_umbrella 
+\&\-twolevel_namespace  \-umbrella  \-undefined 
+\&\-unexported_symbols_list  \-weak_reference_mismatches 
+\&\-whatsloaded \-F \-gused \-gfull \-mmacosx\-version\-min=\fR\fIversion\fR 
+\&\fB\-mkernel \-mone\-byte\-bool\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mno\-fp\-regs  \-msoft\-float  \-malpha\-as  \-mgas 
+\&\-mieee  \-mieee\-with\-inexact  \-mieee\-conformant 
+\&\-mfp\-trap\-mode=\fR\fImode\fR  \fB\-mfp\-rounding\-mode=\fR\fImode\fR 
+\&\fB\-mtrap\-precision=\fR\fImode\fR  \fB\-mbuild\-constants 
+\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mbwx  \-mmax  \-mfix  \-mcix 
+\&\-mfloat\-vax  \-mfloat\-ieee 
+\&\-mexplicit\-relocs  \-msmall\-data  \-mlarge\-data 
+\&\-msmall\-text  \-mlarge\-text 
+\&\-mmemory\-latency=\fR\fItime\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mvms\-return\-codes\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1FR30\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-msmall\-model \-mno\-lsim\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1FRV\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mgpr\-32  \-mgpr\-64  \-mfpr\-32  \-mfpr\-64 
+\&\-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float 
+\&\-malloc\-cc  \-mfixed\-cc  \-mdword  \-mno\-dword 
+\&\-mdouble  \-mno\-double 
+\&\-mmedia  \-mno\-media  \-mmuladd  \-mno\-muladd 
+\&\-mfdpic  \-minline\-plt \-mgprel\-ro  \-multilib\-library\-pic 
+\&\-mlinked\-fp  \-mlong\-calls  \-malign\-labels 
+\&\-mlibrary\-pic  \-macc\-4  \-macc\-8 
+\&\-mpack  \-mno\-pack  \-mno\-eflags  \-mcond\-move  \-mno\-cond\-move 
+\&\-moptimize\-membar \-mno\-optimize\-membar 
+\&\-mscc  \-mno\-scc  \-mcond\-exec  \-mno\-cond\-exec 
+\&\-mvliw\-branch  \-mno\-vliw\-branch 
+\&\-mmulti\-cond\-exec  \-mno\-multi\-cond\-exec  \-mnested\-cond\-exec 
+\&\-mno\-nested\-cond\-exec  \-mtomcat\-stats 
+\&\-mTLS \-mtls 
+\&\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIGNU/Linux Options\fR
+\&\fB\-muclibc\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIH8/300 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mrelax  \-mh  \-ms  \-mn  \-mint32  \-malign\-300\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1HPPA\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mbig\-switch  \-mdisable\-fpregs  \-mdisable\-indexing 
+\&\-mfast\-indirect\-calls  \-mgas  \-mgnu\-ld   \-mhp\-ld 
+\&\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR 
+\&\fB\-mjump\-in\-delay \-mlinker\-opt \-mlong\-calls 
+\&\-mlong\-load\-store  \-mno\-big\-switch  \-mno\-disable\-fpregs 
+\&\-mno\-disable\-indexing  \-mno\-fast\-indirect\-calls  \-mno\-gas 
+\&\-mno\-jump\-in\-delay  \-mno\-long\-load\-store 
+\&\-mno\-portable\-runtime  \-mno\-soft\-float 
+\&\-mno\-space\-regs  \-msoft\-float  \-mpa\-risc\-1\-0 
+\&\-mpa\-risc\-1\-1  \-mpa\-risc\-2\-0  \-mportable\-runtime 
+\&\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-mspace\-regs  \-msio  \-mwsio 
+\&\-munix=\fR\fIunix-std\fR  \fB\-nolibdld  \-static  \-threads\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIi386 and x86\-64 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR 
+\&\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR  \fB\-mno\-fancy\-math\-387 
+\&\-mno\-fp\-ret\-in\-387  \-msoft\-float 
+\&\-mno\-wide\-multiply  \-mrtd  \-malign\-double 
+\&\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR
+\&\fB\-mincoming\-stack\-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR
+\&\fB\-mcld \-mcx16 \-msahf \-mrecip 
+\&\-mmmx  \-msse  \-msse2 \-msse3 \-mssse3 \-msse4.1 \-msse4.2 \-msse4 \-mavx 
+\&\-maes \-mpclmul 
+\&\-msse4a \-m3dnow \-mpopcnt \-mabm \-msse5 
+\&\-mthreads  \-mno\-align\-stringops  \-minline\-all\-stringops 
+\&\-minline\-stringops\-dynamically \-mstringop\-strategy=\fR\fIalg\fR 
+\&\fB\-mpush\-args  \-maccumulate\-outgoing\-args  \-m128bit\-long\-double 
+\&\-m96bit\-long\-double  \-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-msseregparm 
+\&\-mveclibabi=\fR\fItype\fR \fB\-mpc32 \-mpc64 \-mpc80 \-mstackrealign 
+\&\-momit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer  \-mno\-red\-zone \-mno\-tls\-direct\-seg\-refs 
+\&\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR 
+\&\fB\-m32  \-m64 \-mlarge\-data\-threshold=\fR\fInum\fR 
+\&\fB\-mfused\-madd \-mno\-fused\-madd \-msse2avx\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1IA\-64\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mbig\-endian  \-mlittle\-endian  \-mgnu\-as  \-mgnu\-ld  \-mno\-pic 
+\&\-mvolatile\-asm\-stop  \-mregister\-names  \-mno\-sdata 
+\&\-mconstant\-gp  \-mauto\-pic  \-minline\-float\-divide\-min\-latency 
+\&\-minline\-float\-divide\-max\-throughput 
+\&\-minline\-int\-divide\-min\-latency 
+\&\-minline\-int\-divide\-max\-throughput  
+\&\-minline\-sqrt\-min\-latency \-minline\-sqrt\-max\-throughput 
+\&\-mno\-dwarf2\-asm \-mearly\-stop\-bits 
+\&\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR \fB\-mtls\-size=\fR\fItls-size\fR 
+\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR \fB\-mt \-pthread \-milp32 \-mlp64 
+\&\-mno\-sched\-br\-data\-spec \-msched\-ar\-data\-spec \-mno\-sched\-control\-spec 
+\&\-msched\-br\-in\-data\-spec \-msched\-ar\-in\-data\-spec \-msched\-in\-control\-spec 
+\&\-msched\-ldc \-mno\-sched\-control\-ldc \-mno\-sched\-spec\-verbose 
+\&\-mno\-sched\-prefer\-non\-data\-spec\-insns 
+\&\-mno\-sched\-prefer\-non\-control\-spec\-insns 
+\&\-mno\-sched\-count\-spec\-in\-critical\-path\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIM32R/D Options\fR
+\&\fB\-m32r2 \-m32rx \-m32r 
+\&\-mdebug 
+\&\-malign\-loops \-mno\-align\-loops 
+\&\-missue\-rate=\fR\fInumber\fR 
+\&\fB\-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fInumber\fR 
+\&\fB\-mmodel=\fR\fIcode-size-model-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-msdata=\fR\fIsdata-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mno\-flush\-func \-mflush\-func=\fR\fIname\fR 
+\&\fB\-mno\-flush\-trap \-mflush\-trap=\fR\fInumber\fR 
+\&\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIM32C Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR \fB\-msim \-memregs=\fR\fInumber\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIM680x0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarch\fR  \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fItune\fR
+\&\fB\-m68000  \-m68020  \-m68020\-40  \-m68020\-60  \-m68030  \-m68040 
+\&\-m68060  \-mcpu32  \-m5200  \-m5206e  \-m528x  \-m5307  \-m5407 
+\&\-mcfv4e  \-mbitfield  \-mno\-bitfield  \-mc68000  \-mc68020 
+\&\-mnobitfield  \-mrtd  \-mno\-rtd  \-mdiv  \-mno\-div  \-mshort 
+\&\-mno\-short  \-mhard\-float  \-m68881  \-msoft\-float  \-mpcrel 
+\&\-malign\-int  \-mstrict\-align  \-msep\-data  \-mno\-sep\-data 
+\&\-mshared\-library\-id=n  \-mid\-shared\-library  \-mno\-id\-shared\-library 
+\&\-mxgot \-mno\-xgot\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIM68hc1x Options\fR
+\&\fB\-m6811  \-m6812  \-m68hc11  \-m68hc12   \-m68hcs12 
+\&\-mauto\-incdec  \-minmax  \-mlong\-calls  \-mshort 
+\&\-msoft\-reg\-count=\fR\fIcount\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIMCore Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mhardlit  \-mno\-hardlit  \-mdiv  \-mno\-div  \-mrelax\-immediates 
+\&\-mno\-relax\-immediates  \-mwide\-bitfields  \-mno\-wide\-bitfields 
+\&\-m4byte\-functions  \-mno\-4byte\-functions  \-mcallgraph\-data 
+\&\-mno\-callgraph\-data  \-mslow\-bytes  \-mno\-slow\-bytes  \-mno\-lsim 
+\&\-mlittle\-endian  \-mbig\-endian  \-m210  \-m340  \-mstack\-increment\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1MIPS\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-EL  \-EB  \-march=\fR\fIarch\fR  \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarch\fR 
+\&\fB\-mips1  \-mips2  \-mips3  \-mips4  \-mips32  \-mips32r2 
+\&\-mips64  \-mips64r2 
+\&\-mips16  \-mno\-mips16  \-mflip\-mips16 
+\&\-minterlink\-mips16  \-mno\-interlink\-mips16 
+\&\-mabi=\fR\fIabi\fR  \fB\-mabicalls  \-mno\-abicalls 
+\&\-mshared  \-mno\-shared  \-mplt  \-mno\-plt  \-mxgot  \-mno\-xgot 
+\&\-mgp32  \-mgp64  \-mfp32  \-mfp64  \-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float 
+\&\-msingle\-float  \-mdouble\-float  \-mdsp  \-mno\-dsp  \-mdspr2  \-mno\-dspr2 
+\&\-mfpu=\fR\fIfpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-msmartmips  \-mno\-smartmips 
+\&\-mpaired\-single  \-mno\-paired\-single  \-mdmx  \-mno\-mdmx 
+\&\-mips3d  \-mno\-mips3d  \-mmt  \-mno\-mt  \-mllsc  \-mno\-llsc 
+\&\-mlong64  \-mlong32  \-msym32  \-mno\-sym32 
+\&\-G\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-mlocal\-sdata  \-mno\-local\-sdata 
+\&\-mextern\-sdata  \-mno\-extern\-sdata  \-mgpopt  \-mno\-gopt 
+\&\-membedded\-data  \-mno\-embedded\-data 
+\&\-muninit\-const\-in\-rodata  \-mno\-uninit\-const\-in\-rodata 
+\&\-mcode\-readable=\fR\fIsetting\fR 
+\&\fB\-msplit\-addresses  \-mno\-split\-addresses 
+\&\-mexplicit\-relocs  \-mno\-explicit\-relocs 
+\&\-mcheck\-zero\-division  \-mno\-check\-zero\-division 
+\&\-mdivide\-traps  \-mdivide\-breaks 
+\&\-mmemcpy  \-mno\-memcpy  \-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls 
+\&\-mmad  \-mno\-mad  \-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd  \-nocpp 
+\&\-mfix\-r4000  \-mno\-fix\-r4000  \-mfix\-r4400  \-mno\-fix\-r4400 
+\&\-mfix\-r10000 \-mno\-fix\-r10000  \-mfix\-vr4120  \-mno\-fix\-vr4120 
+\&\-mfix\-vr4130  \-mno\-fix\-vr4130  \-mfix\-sb1  \-mno\-fix\-sb1 
+\&\-mflush\-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR  \fB\-mno\-flush\-func 
+\&\-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fInum\fR  \fB\-mbranch\-likely  \-mno\-branch\-likely 
+\&\-mfp\-exceptions \-mno\-fp\-exceptions 
+\&\-mvr4130\-align \-mno\-vr4130\-align\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1MMIX\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mlibfuncs  \-mno\-libfuncs  \-mepsilon  \-mno\-epsilon  \-mabi=gnu 
+\&\-mabi=mmixware  \-mzero\-extend  \-mknuthdiv  \-mtoplevel\-symbols 
+\&\-melf  \-mbranch\-predict  \-mno\-branch\-predict  \-mbase\-addresses 
+\&\-mno\-base\-addresses  \-msingle\-exit  \-mno\-single\-exit\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1MN10300\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mmult\-bug  \-mno\-mult\-bug 
+\&\-mam33  \-mno\-am33 
+\&\-mam33\-2  \-mno\-am33\-2 
+\&\-mreturn\-pointer\-on\-d0 
+\&\-mno\-crt0  \-mrelax\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1PDP\-11\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mfpu  \-msoft\-float  \-mac0  \-mno\-ac0  \-m40  \-m45  \-m10 
+\&\-mbcopy  \-mbcopy\-builtin  \-mint32  \-mno\-int16 
+\&\-mint16  \-mno\-int32  \-mfloat32  \-mno\-float64 
+\&\-mfloat64  \-mno\-float32  \-mabshi  \-mno\-abshi 
+\&\-mbranch\-expensive  \-mbranch\-cheap 
+\&\-msplit  \-mno\-split  \-munix\-asm  \-mdec\-asm\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIpicoChip Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mae=\fR\fIae_type\fR \fB\-mvliw\-lookahead=\fR\fIN\fR
+\&\fB\-msymbol\-as\-address \-mno\-inefficient\-warnings\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIPowerPC Options\fR
+See \s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options.
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mpower  \-mno\-power  \-mpower2  \-mno\-power2 
+\&\-mpowerpc  \-mpowerpc64  \-mno\-powerpc 
+\&\-maltivec  \-mno\-altivec 
+\&\-mpowerpc\-gpopt  \-mno\-powerpc\-gpopt 
+\&\-mpowerpc\-gfxopt  \-mno\-powerpc\-gfxopt 
+\&\-mmfcrf  \-mno\-mfcrf  \-mpopcntb  \-mno\-popcntb  \-mfprnd  \-mno\-fprnd 
+\&\-mcmpb \-mno\-cmpb \-mmfpgpr \-mno\-mfpgpr \-mhard\-dfp \-mno\-hard\-dfp 
+\&\-mnew\-mnemonics  \-mold\-mnemonics 
+\&\-mfull\-toc   \-mminimal\-toc  \-mno\-fp\-in\-toc  \-mno\-sum\-in\-toc 
+\&\-m64  \-m32  \-mxl\-compat  \-mno\-xl\-compat  \-mpe 
+\&\-malign\-power  \-malign\-natural 
+\&\-msoft\-float  \-mhard\-float  \-mmultiple  \-mno\-multiple 
+\&\-msingle\-float \-mdouble\-float \-msimple\-fpu 
+\&\-mstring  \-mno\-string  \-mupdate  \-mno\-update 
+\&\-mavoid\-indexed\-addresses  \-mno\-avoid\-indexed\-addresses 
+\&\-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd  \-mbit\-align  \-mno\-bit\-align 
+\&\-mstrict\-align  \-mno\-strict\-align  \-mrelocatable 
+\&\-mno\-relocatable  \-mrelocatable\-lib  \-mno\-relocatable\-lib 
+\&\-mtoc  \-mno\-toc  \-mlittle  \-mlittle\-endian  \-mbig  \-mbig\-endian 
+\&\-mdynamic\-no\-pic  \-maltivec  \-mswdiv 
+\&\-mprioritize\-restricted\-insns=\fR\fIpriority\fR 
+\&\fB\-msched\-costly\-dep=\fR\fIdependence_type\fR 
+\&\fB\-minsert\-sched\-nops=\fR\fIscheme\fR 
+\&\fB\-mcall\-sysv  \-mcall\-netbsd 
+\&\-maix\-struct\-return  \-msvr4\-struct\-return 
+\&\-mabi=\fR\fIabi-type\fR \fB\-msecure\-plt \-mbss\-plt 
+\&\-misel \-mno\-isel 
+\&\-misel=yes  \-misel=no 
+\&\-mspe \-mno\-spe 
+\&\-mspe=yes  \-mspe=no 
+\&\-mpaired 
+\&\-mgen\-cell\-microcode \-mwarn\-cell\-microcode 
+\&\-mvrsave \-mno\-vrsave 
+\&\-mmulhw \-mno\-mulhw 
+\&\-mdlmzb \-mno\-dlmzb 
+\&\-mfloat\-gprs=yes  \-mfloat\-gprs=no \-mfloat\-gprs=single \-mfloat\-gprs=double 
+\&\-mprototype  \-mno\-prototype 
+\&\-msim  \-mmvme  \-mads  \-myellowknife  \-memb  \-msdata 
+\&\-msdata=\fR\fIopt\fR  \fB\-mvxworks  \-G\fR \fInum\fR  \fB\-pthread\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIS/390 and zSeries Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR  \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float  \-mhard\-dfp \-mno\-hard\-dfp 
+\&\-mlong\-double\-64 \-mlong\-double\-128 
+\&\-mbackchain  \-mno\-backchain \-mpacked\-stack  \-mno\-packed\-stack 
+\&\-msmall\-exec  \-mno\-small\-exec  \-mmvcle \-mno\-mvcle 
+\&\-m64  \-m31  \-mdebug  \-mno\-debug  \-mesa  \-mzarch 
+\&\-mtpf\-trace \-mno\-tpf\-trace  \-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd 
+\&\-mwarn\-framesize  \-mwarn\-dynamicstack  \-mstack\-size \-mstack\-guard\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIScore Options\fR
+\&\fB\-meb \-mel 
+\&\-mnhwloop 
+\&\-muls 
+\&\-mmac 
+\&\-mscore5 \-mscore5u \-mscore7 \-mscore7d\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1SH\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-m1  \-m2  \-m2e  \-m3  \-m3e 
+\&\-m4\-nofpu  \-m4\-single\-only  \-m4\-single  \-m4 
+\&\-m4a\-nofpu \-m4a\-single\-only \-m4a\-single \-m4a \-m4al 
+\&\-m5\-64media  \-m5\-64media\-nofpu 
+\&\-m5\-32media  \-m5\-32media\-nofpu 
+\&\-m5\-compact  \-m5\-compact\-nofpu 
+\&\-mb  \-ml  \-mdalign  \-mrelax 
+\&\-mbigtable  \-mfmovd  \-mhitachi \-mrenesas \-mno\-renesas \-mnomacsave 
+\&\-mieee  \-mbitops  \-misize  \-minline\-ic_invalidate \-mpadstruct  \-mspace 
+\&\-mprefergot  \-musermode \-multcost=\fR\fInumber\fR \fB\-mdiv=\fR\fIstrategy\fR 
+\&\fB\-mdivsi3_libfunc=\fR\fIname\fR \fB\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR 
+\&\fB\-madjust\-unroll \-mindexed\-addressing \-mgettrcost=\fR\fInumber\fR \fB\-mpt\-fixed 
+\&\-minvalid\-symbols\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1SPARC\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR 
+\&\fB\-mcmodel=\fR\fIcode-model\fR 
+\&\fB\-m32  \-m64  \-mapp\-regs  \-mno\-app\-regs 
+\&\-mfaster\-structs  \-mno\-faster\-structs 
+\&\-mfpu  \-mno\-fpu  \-mhard\-float  \-msoft\-float 
+\&\-mhard\-quad\-float  \-msoft\-quad\-float 
+\&\-mimpure\-text  \-mno\-impure\-text  \-mlittle\-endian 
+\&\-mstack\-bias  \-mno\-stack\-bias 
+\&\-munaligned\-doubles  \-mno\-unaligned\-doubles 
+\&\-mv8plus  \-mno\-v8plus  \-mvis  \-mno\-vis
+\&\-threads \-pthreads \-pthread\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1SPU\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mwarn\-reloc \-merror\-reloc 
+\&\-msafe\-dma \-munsafe\-dma 
+\&\-mbranch\-hints 
+\&\-msmall\-mem \-mlarge\-mem \-mstdmain 
+\&\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fISystem V Options\fR
+\&\fB\-Qy  \-Qn  \-YP,\fR\fIpaths\fR  \fB\-Ym,\fR\fIdir\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIV850 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mlong\-calls  \-mno\-long\-calls  \-mep  \-mno\-ep 
+\&\-mprolog\-function  \-mno\-prolog\-function  \-mspace 
+\&\-mtda=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-msda=\fR\fIn\fR  \fB\-mzda=\fR\fIn\fR 
+\&\fB\-mapp\-regs  \-mno\-app\-regs 
+\&\-mdisable\-callt  \-mno\-disable\-callt 
+\&\-mv850e1 
+\&\-mv850e 
+\&\-mv850  \-mbig\-switch\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fI\s-1VAX\s0 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mg  \-mgnu  \-munix\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIVxWorks Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mrtp  \-non\-static  \-Bstatic  \-Bdynamic 
+\&\-Xbind\-lazy  \-Xbind\-now\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIx86\-64 Options\fR
+See i386 and x86\-64 Options.
+.Sp
+\&\fIi386 and x86\-64 Windows Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mconsole \-mcygwin \-mno\-cygwin \-mdll
+\&\-mnop\-fun\-dllimport \-mthread \-mwin32 \-mwindows\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIXstormy16 Options\fR
+\&\fB\-msim\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIXtensa Options\fR
+\&\fB\-mconst16 \-mno\-const16 
+\&\-mfused\-madd  \-mno\-fused\-madd 
+\&\-mserialize\-volatile  \-mno\-serialize\-volatile 
+\&\-mtext\-section\-literals  \-mno\-text\-section\-literals 
+\&\-mtarget\-align  \-mno\-target\-align 
+\&\-mlongcalls  \-mno\-longcalls\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fIzSeries Options\fR
+See S/390 and zSeries Options.
+.IP "\fICode Generation Options\fR" 4
+.IX Item "Code Generation Options"
+\&\fB\-fcall\-saved\-\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fcall\-used\-\fR\fIreg\fR 
+\&\fB\-ffixed\-\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fexceptions 
+\&\-fnon\-call\-exceptions  \-funwind\-tables 
+\&\-fasynchronous\-unwind\-tables 
+\&\-finhibit\-size\-directive  \-finstrument\-functions 
+\&\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-function\-list=\fR\fIsym\fR\fB,\fR\fIsym\fR\fB,... 
+\&\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-file\-list=\fR\fIfile\fR\fB,\fR\fIfile\fR\fB,... 
+\&\-fno\-common  \-fno\-ident 
+\&\-fpcc\-struct\-return  \-fpic  \-fPIC \-fpie \-fPIE 
+\&\-fno\-jump\-tables 
+\&\-frecord\-gcc\-switches 
+\&\-freg\-struct\-return  \-fshort\-enums 
+\&\-fshort\-double  \-fshort\-wchar 
+\&\-fverbose\-asm  \-fpack\-struct[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB]  \-fstack\-check 
+\&\-fstack\-limit\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR  \fB\-fstack\-limit\-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR 
+\&\fB\-fno\-stack\-limit  \-fargument\-alias  \-fargument\-noalias 
+\&\-fargument\-noalias\-global  \-fargument\-noalias\-anything 
+\&\-fleading\-underscore  \-ftls\-model=\fR\fImodel\fR 
+\&\fB\-ftrapv  \-fwrapv  \-fbounds\-check 
+\&\-fvisibility\fR
+.Sh "Options Controlling the Kind of Output"
+.IX Subsection "Options Controlling the Kind of Output"
+Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation
+proper, assembly and linking, always in that order.  \s-1GCC\s0 is capable of
+preprocessing and compiling several files either into several
+assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each
+assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all
+the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input)
+into an executable file.
+.PP
+For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of
+compilation is done:
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.c"
+C source code which must be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.i\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.i"
+C source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ii\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.ii"
+\&\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.m\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.m"
+Objective-C source code.  Note that you must link with the \fIlibobjc\fR
+library to make an Objective-C program work.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.mi"
+Objective-C source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.mm"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.M\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.M"
+.PD
+Objective\-\*(C+ source code.  Note that you must link with the \fIlibobjc\fR
+library to make an Objective\-\*(C+ program work.  Note that \fB.M\fR refers
+to a literal capital M.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mii\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.mii"
+Objective\-\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.h\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.h"
+C, \*(C+, Objective-C or Objective\-\*(C+ header file to be turned into a
+precompiled header.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.cc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.cp"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cxx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.cxx"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.cpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.cpp"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.CPP\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.CPP"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.c++\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.c++"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.C\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.C"
+.PD
+\&\*(C+ source code which must be preprocessed.  Note that in \fB.cxx\fR,
+the last two letters must both be literally \fBx\fR.  Likewise,
+\&\fB.C\fR refers to a literal capital C.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.mm"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.M\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.M"
+.PD
+Objective\-\*(C+ source code which must be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.mii\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.mii"
+Objective\-\*(C+ source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.hh\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.hh"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.H\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.H"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.hp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.hp"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.hxx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.hxx"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.hpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.hpp"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.HPP\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.HPP"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.h++\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.h++"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.tcc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.tcc"
+.PD
+\&\*(C+ header file to be turned into a precompiled header.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.f"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.for\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.for"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ftn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.ftn"
+.PD
+Fixed form Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.F"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FOR\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.FOR"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.fpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.fpp"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FPP\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.FPP"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.FTN\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.FTN"
+.PD
+Fixed form Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the traditional
+preprocessor).
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f90\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.f90"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f95\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.f95"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f03\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.f03"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.f08\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.f08"
+.PD
+Free form Fortran source code which should not be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F90\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.F90"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F95\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.F95"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F03\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.F03"
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.F08\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.F08"
+.PD
+Free form Fortran source code which must be preprocessed (with the
+traditional preprocessor).
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.ads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.ads"
+Ada source code file which contains a library unit declaration (a
+declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic
+instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package,
+generic, or subprogram renaming declaration).  Such files are also
+called \fIspecs\fR.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.adb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.adb"
+Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or
+package body).  Such files are also called \fIbodies\fR.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.s\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.s"
+Assembler code.
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.S\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.S"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fIfile\fR\fB.sx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "file.sx"
+.PD
+Assembler code which must be preprocessed.
+.IP "\fIother\fR" 4
+.IX Item "other"
+An object file to be fed straight into linking.
+Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way.
+.PP
+You can specify the input language explicitly with the \fB\-x\fR option:
+.IP "\fB\-x\fR \fIlanguage\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x language"
+Specify explicitly the \fIlanguage\fR for the following input files
+(rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file
+name suffix).  This option applies to all following input files until
+the next \fB\-x\fR option.  Possible values for \fIlanguage\fR are:
+.Sp
+.Vb 8
+\&        c  c\-header  c\-cpp\-output
+\&        c++  c++\-header  c++\-cpp\-output
+\&        objective\-c  objective\-c\-header  objective\-c\-cpp\-output
+\&        objective\-c++ objective\-c++\-header objective\-c++\-cpp\-output
+\&        assembler  assembler\-with\-cpp
+\&        ada
+\&        f77  f77\-cpp\-input f95  f95\-cpp\-input
+\&        java
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-x none\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x none"
+Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are
+handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if \fB\-x\fR
+has not been used at all).
+.IP "\fB\-pass\-exit\-codes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pass-exit-codes"
+Normally the \fBgcc\fR program will exit with the code of 1 if any
+phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code.  If you specify
+\&\fB\-pass\-exit\-codes\fR, the \fBgcc\fR program will instead return with
+numerically highest error produced by any phase that returned an error
+indication.  The C, \*(C+, and Fortran frontends return 4, if an internal
+compiler error is encountered.
+.PP
+If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use
+\&\fB\-x\fR (or filename suffixes) to tell \fBgcc\fR where to start, and
+one of the options \fB\-c\fR, \fB\-S\fR, or \fB\-E\fR to say where
+\&\fBgcc\fR is to stop.  Note that some combinations (for example,
+\&\fB\-x cpp-output \-E\fR) instruct \fBgcc\fR to do nothing at all.
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-c"
+Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link.  The linking
+stage simply is not done.  The ultimate output is in the form of an
+object file for each source file.
+.Sp
+By default, the object file name for a source file is made by replacing
+the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, \fB.s\fR, etc., with \fB.o\fR.
+.Sp
+Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are
+ignored.
+.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-S"
+Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble.  The output
+is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input
+file specified.
+.Sp
+By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by
+replacing the suffix \fB.c\fR, \fB.i\fR, etc., with \fB.s\fR.
+.Sp
+Input files that don't require compilation are ignored.
+.IP "\fB\-E\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-E"
+Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper.  The
+output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the
+standard output.
+.Sp
+Input files which don't require preprocessing are ignored.
+.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-o file"
+Place output in file \fIfile\fR.  This applies regardless to whatever
+sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file,
+an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code.
+.Sp
+If \fB\-o\fR is not specified, the default is to put an executable
+file in \fIa.out\fR, the object file for
+\&\fI\fIsource\fI.\fIsuffix\fI\fR in \fI\fIsource\fI.o\fR, its
+assembler file in \fI\fIsource\fI.s\fR, a precompiled header file in
+\&\fI\fIsource\fI.\fIsuffix\fI.gch\fR, and all preprocessed C source on
+standard output.
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v"
+Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages
+of compilation.  Also print the version number of the compiler driver
+program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper.
+.IP "\fB\-###\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-###"
+Like \fB\-v\fR except the commands are not executed and all command
+arguments are quoted.  This is useful for shell scripts to capture the
+driver-generated command lines.
+.IP "\fB\-pipe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pipe"
+Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the
+various stages of compilation.  This fails to work on some systems where
+the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler has
+no trouble.
+.IP "\fB\-combine\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-combine"
+If you are compiling multiple source files, this option tells the driver
+to pass all the source files to the compiler at once (for those
+languages for which the compiler can handle this).  This will allow
+intermodule analysis (\s-1IMA\s0) to be performed by the compiler.  Currently the only
+language for which this is supported is C.  If you pass source files for
+multiple languages to the driver, using this option, the driver will invoke
+the compiler(s) that support \s-1IMA\s0 once each, passing each compiler all the
+source files appropriate for it.  For those languages that do not support
+\&\s-1IMA\s0 this option will be ignored, and the compiler will be invoked once for
+each source file in that language.  If you use this option in conjunction
+with \fB\-save\-temps\fR, the compiler will generate multiple
+pre-processed files
+(one for each source file), but only one (combined) \fI.o\fR or
+\&\fI.s\fR file.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line options
+understood by \fBgcc\fR.  If the \fB\-v\fR option is also specified
+then \fB\-\-help\fR will also be passed on to the various processes
+invoked by \fBgcc\fR, so that they can display the command line options
+they accept.  If the \fB\-Wextra\fR option has also been specified
+(prior to the \fB\-\-help\fR option), then command line options which
+have no documentation associated with them will also be displayed.
+.IP "\fB\-\-target\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--target-help"
+Print (on the standard output) a description of target-specific command
+line options for each tool.  For some targets extra target-specific
+information may also be printed.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help={\fR\fIclass\fR|[\fB^\fR]\fIqualifier\fR\fB}\fR[\fB,...\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "--help={class|[^]qualifier}[,...]"
+Print (on the standard output) a description of the command line
+options understood by the compiler that fit into all specified classes
+and qualifiers.  These are the supported classes:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBoptimizers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "optimizers"
+This will display all of the optimization options supported by the
+compiler.
+.IP "\fBwarnings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "warnings"
+This will display all of the options controlling warning messages
+produced by the compiler.
+.IP "\fBtarget\fR" 4
+.IX Item "target"
+This will display target-specific options.  Unlike the
+\&\fB\-\-target\-help\fR option however, target-specific options of the
+linker and assembler will not be displayed.  This is because those
+tools do not currently support the extended \fB\-\-help=\fR syntax.
+.IP "\fBparams\fR" 4
+.IX Item "params"
+This will display the values recognized by the \fB\-\-param\fR
+option.
+.IP "\fIlanguage\fR" 4
+.IX Item "language"
+This will display the options supported for \fIlanguage\fR, where 
+\&\fIlanguage\fR is the name of one of the languages supported in this 
+version of \s-1GCC\s0.
+.IP "\fBcommon\fR" 4
+.IX Item "common"
+This will display the options that are common to all languages.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+These are the supported qualifiers:
+.IP "\fBundocumented\fR" 4
+.IX Item "undocumented"
+Display only those options which are undocumented.
+.IP "\fBjoined\fR" 4
+.IX Item "joined"
+Display options which take an argument that appears after an equal
+sign in the same continuous piece of text, such as:
+\&\fB\-\-help=target\fR.
+.IP "\fBseparate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "separate"
+Display options which take an argument that appears as a separate word
+following the original option, such as: \fB\-o output-file\fR.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+Thus for example to display all the undocumented target-specific
+switches supported by the compiler the following can be used:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        \-\-help=target,undocumented
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The sense of a qualifier can be inverted by prefixing it with the
+\&\fB^\fR character, so for example to display all binary warning
+options (i.e., ones that are either on or off and that do not take an
+argument), which have a description the following can be used:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        \-\-help=warnings,^joined,^undocumented
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The argument to \fB\-\-help=\fR should not consist solely of inverted
+qualifiers.
+.Sp
+Combining several classes is possible, although this usually
+restricts the output by so much that there is nothing to display.  One
+case where it does work however is when one of the classes is
+\&\fItarget\fR.  So for example to display all the target-specific
+optimization options the following can be used:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        \-\-help=target,optimizers
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The \fB\-\-help=\fR option can be repeated on the command line.  Each
+successive use will display its requested class of options, skipping
+those that have already been displayed.
+.Sp
+If the \fB\-Q\fR option appears on the command line before the
+\&\fB\-\-help=\fR option, then the descriptive text displayed by
+\&\fB\-\-help=\fR is changed.  Instead of describing the displayed
+options, an indication is given as to whether the option is enabled,
+disabled or set to a specific value (assuming that the compiler
+knows this at the point where the \fB\-\-help=\fR option is used).
+.Sp
+Here is a truncated example from the \s-1ARM\s0 port of \fBgcc\fR:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&          % gcc \-Q \-mabi=2 \-\-help=target \-c
+\&          The following options are target specific:
+\&          \-mabi=                                2
+\&          \-mabort\-on\-noreturn                   [disabled]
+\&          \-mapcs                                [disabled]
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The output is sensitive to the effects of previous command line
+options, so for example it is possible to find out which optimizations
+are enabled at \fB\-O2\fR by using:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        \-Q \-O2 \-\-help=optimizers
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Alternatively you can discover which binary optimizations are enabled
+by \fB\-O3\fR by using:
+.Sp
+.Vb 3
+\&        gcc \-c \-Q \-O3 \-\-help=optimizers > /tmp/O3\-opts
+\&        gcc \-c \-Q \-O2 \-\-help=optimizers > /tmp/O2\-opts
+\&        diff /tmp/O2\-opts /tmp/O3\-opts | grep enabled
+.Ve
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked \s-1GCC\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-wrapper\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-wrapper"
+Invoke all subcommands under a wrapper program. It takes a single
+comma separated list as an argument, which will be used to invoke
+the wrapper:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        gcc \-c t.c \-wrapper gdb,\-\-args
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This will invoke all subprograms of gcc under \*(L"gdb \-\-args\*(R",
+thus cc1 invocation will be \*(L"gdb \-\-args cc1 ...\*(R".
+.IP "\fB@\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "@file"
+Read command-line options from \fIfile\fR.  The options read are
+inserted in place of the original @\fIfile\fR option.  If \fIfile\fR
+does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated
+literally, and not removed.
+.Sp
+Options in \fIfile\fR are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace
+character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire
+option in either single or double quotes.  Any character (including a
+backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included
+with a backslash.  The \fIfile\fR may itself contain additional
+@\fIfile\fR options; any such options will be processed recursively.
+.Sh "Compiling \*(C+ Programs"
+.IX Subsection "Compiling  Programs"
+\&\*(C+ source files conventionally use one of the suffixes \fB.C\fR,
+\&\fB.cc\fR, \fB.cpp\fR, \fB.CPP\fR, \fB.c++\fR, \fB.cp\fR, or
+\&\fB.cxx\fR; \*(C+ header files often use \fB.hh\fR, \fB.hpp\fR,
+\&\fB.H\fR, or (for shared template code) \fB.tcc\fR; and
+preprocessed \*(C+ files use the suffix \fB.ii\fR.  \s-1GCC\s0 recognizes
+files with these names and compiles them as \*(C+ programs even if you
+call the compiler the same way as for compiling C programs (usually
+with the name \fBgcc\fR).
+.PP
+However, the use of \fBgcc\fR does not add the \*(C+ library.
+\&\fBg++\fR is a program that calls \s-1GCC\s0 and treats \fB.c\fR,
+\&\fB.h\fR and \fB.i\fR files as \*(C+ source files instead of C source
+files unless \fB\-x\fR is used, and automatically specifies linking
+against the \*(C+ library.  This program is also useful when
+precompiling a C header file with a \fB.h\fR extension for use in \*(C+
+compilations.  On many systems, \fBg++\fR is also installed with
+the name \fBc++\fR.
+.PP
+When you compile \*(C+ programs, you may specify many of the same
+command-line options that you use for compiling programs in any
+language; or command-line options meaningful for C and related
+languages; or options that are meaningful only for \*(C+ programs.
+.Sh "Options Controlling C Dialect"
+.IX Subsection "Options Controlling C Dialect"
+The following options control the dialect of C (or languages derived
+from C, such as \*(C+, Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+) that the compiler
+accepts:
+.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ansi"
+In C mode, this is equivalent to \fB\-std=c89\fR. In \*(C+ mode, it is
+equivalent to \fB\-std=c++98\fR.
+.Sp
+This turns off certain features of \s-1GCC\s0 that are incompatible with \s-1ISO\s0
+C90 (when compiling C code), or of standard \*(C+ (when compiling \*(C+ code),
+such as the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, and
+predefined macros such as \f(CW\*(C`unix\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`vax\*(C'\fR that identify the
+type of system you are using.  It also enables the undesirable and
+rarely used \s-1ISO\s0 trigraph feature.  For the C compiler,
+it disables recognition of \*(C+ style \fB//\fR comments as well as
+the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword.
+.Sp
+The alternate keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_extension_\|_\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR continue to work despite
+\&\fB\-ansi\fR.  You would not want to use them in an \s-1ISO\s0 C program, of
+course, but it is useful to put them in header files that might be included
+in compilations done with \fB\-ansi\fR.  Alternate predefined macros
+such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_unix_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vax_\|_\*(C'\fR are also available, with or
+without \fB\-ansi\fR.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-ansi\fR option does not cause non-ISO programs to be
+rejected gratuitously.  For that, \fB\-pedantic\fR is required in
+addition to \fB\-ansi\fR.
+.Sp
+The macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_STRICT_ANSI_\|_\*(C'\fR is predefined when the \fB\-ansi\fR
+option is used.  Some header files may notice this macro and refrain
+from declaring certain functions or defining certain macros that the
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 standard doesn't call for; this is to avoid interfering with any
+programs that might use these names for other things.
+.Sp
+Functions that would normally be built in but do not have semantics
+defined by \s-1ISO\s0 C (such as \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) are not built-in
+functions when \fB\-ansi\fR is used.
+.IP "\fB\-std=\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-std="
+Determine the language standard.   This option
+is currently only supported when compiling C or \*(C+.
+.Sp
+The compiler can accept several base standards, such as \fBc89\fR or
+\&\fBc++98\fR, and \s-1GNU\s0 dialects of those standards, such as
+\&\fBgnu89\fR or \fBgnu++98\fR.  By specifying a base standard, the
+compiler will accept all programs following that standard and those
+using \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that do not contradict it.  For example,
+\&\fB\-std=c89\fR turns off certain features of \s-1GCC\s0 that are
+incompatible with \s-1ISO\s0 C90, such as the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR
+keywords, but not other \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that do not have a meaning in
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C90, such as omitting the middle term of a \f(CW\*(C`?:\*(C'\fR
+expression. On the other hand, by specifying a \s-1GNU\s0 dialect of a
+standard, all features the compiler support are enabled, even when
+those features change the meaning of the base standard and some
+strict-conforming programs may be rejected.  The particular standard
+is used by \fB\-pedantic\fR to identify which features are \s-1GNU\s0
+extensions given that version of the standard. For example
+\&\fB\-std=gnu89 \-pedantic\fR would warn about \*(C+ style \fB//\fR
+comments, while \fB\-std=gnu99 \-pedantic\fR would not.
+.Sp
+A value for this option must be provided; possible values are
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBc89\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c89"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBiso9899:1990\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:1990"
+.PD
+Support all \s-1ISO\s0 C90 programs (certain \s-1GNU\s0 extensions that conflict
+with \s-1ISO\s0 C90 are disabled). Same as \fB\-ansi\fR for C code.
+.IP "\fBiso9899:199409\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:199409"
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C90 as modified in amendment 1.
+.IP "\fBc99\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c99"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBc9x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c9x"
+.IP "\fBiso9899:1999\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:1999"
+.IP "\fBiso9899:199x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:199x"
+.PD
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C99.  Note that this standard is not yet fully supported; see
+<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/gcc\-4.4/c99status.html\fR> for more information.  The
+names \fBc9x\fR and \fBiso9899:199x\fR are deprecated.
+.IP "\fBgnu89\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu89"
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 dialect of \s-1ISO\s0 C90 (including some C99 features). This
+is the default for C code.
+.IP "\fBgnu99\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu99"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBgnu9x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu9x"
+.PD
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 dialect of \s-1ISO\s0 C99.  When \s-1ISO\s0 C99 is fully implemented in \s-1GCC\s0,
+this will become the default.  The name \fBgnu9x\fR is deprecated.
+.IP "\fBc++98\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c++98"
+The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments. Same as \fB\-ansi\fR for
+\&\*(C+ code.
+.IP "\fBgnu++98\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu++98"
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 dialect of \fB\-std=c++98\fR.  This is the default for
+\&\*(C+ code.
+.IP "\fBc++0x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c++0x"
+The working draft of the upcoming \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+0x standard. This option
+enables experimental features that are likely to be included in
+\&\*(C+0x. The working draft is constantly changing, and any feature that is
+enabled by this flag may be removed from future versions of \s-1GCC\s0 if it is
+not part of the \*(C+0x standard.
+.IP "\fBgnu++0x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu++0x"
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 dialect of \fB\-std=c++0x\fR. This option enables
+experimental features that may be removed in future versions of \s-1GCC\s0.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fgnu89\-inline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgnu89-inline"
+The option \fB\-fgnu89\-inline\fR tells \s-1GCC\s0 to use the traditional
+\&\s-1GNU\s0 semantics for \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR functions when in C99 mode.
+  This option
+is accepted and ignored by \s-1GCC\s0 versions 4.1.3 up to but not including
+4.3.  In \s-1GCC\s0 versions 4.3 and later it changes the behavior of \s-1GCC\s0 in
+C99 mode.  Using this option is roughly equivalent to adding the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`gnu_inline\*(C'\fR function attribute to all inline functions.
+.Sp
+The option \fB\-fno\-gnu89\-inline\fR explicitly tells \s-1GCC\s0 to use the
+C99 semantics for \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR when in C99 or gnu99 mode (i.e., it
+specifies the default behavior).  This option was first supported in
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 4.3.  This option is not supported in C89 or gnu89 mode.
+.Sp
+The preprocessor macros \f(CW\*(C`_\|_GNUC_GNU_INLINE_\|_\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_GNUC_STDC_INLINE_\|_\*(C'\fR may be used to check which semantics are
+in effect for \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR functions.
+.IP "\fB\-aux\-info\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-aux-info filename"
+Output to the given filename prototyped declarations for all functions
+declared and/or defined in a translation unit, including those in header
+files.  This option is silently ignored in any language other than C.
+.Sp
+Besides declarations, the file indicates, in comments, the origin of
+each declaration (source file and line), whether the declaration was
+implicit, prototyped or unprototyped (\fBI\fR, \fBN\fR for new or
+\&\fBO\fR for old, respectively, in the first character after the line
+number and the colon), and whether it came from a declaration or a
+definition (\fBC\fR or \fBF\fR, respectively, in the following
+character).  In the case of function definitions, a K&R\-style list of
+arguments followed by their declarations is also provided, inside
+comments, after the declaration.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-asm"
+Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a
+keyword, so that code can use these words as identifiers.  You can use
+the keywords \f(CW\*(C`_\|_asm_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_inline_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR
+instead.  \fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno\-asm\fR.
+.Sp
+In \*(C+, this switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keyword, since
+\&\f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR are standard keywords.  You may want to
+use the \fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR flag instead, which has the same
+effect.  In C99 mode (\fB\-std=c99\fR or \fB\-std=gnu99\fR), this
+switch only affects the \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR keywords, since
+\&\f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR is a standard keyword in \s-1ISO\s0 C99.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-builtin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-builtin"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-builtin-function"
+.PD
+Don't recognize built-in functions that do not begin with
+\&\fB_\|_builtin_\fR as prefix.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 normally generates special code to handle certain built-in functions
+more efficiently; for instance, calls to \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR may become single
+instructions that adjust the stack directly, and calls to \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR
+may become inline copy loops.  The resulting code is often both smaller
+and faster, but since the function calls no longer appear as such, you
+cannot set a breakpoint on those calls, nor can you change the behavior
+of the functions by linking with a different library.  In addition,
+when a function is recognized as a built-in function, \s-1GCC\s0 may use
+information about that function to warn about problems with calls to
+that function, or to generate more efficient code, even if the
+resulting code still contains calls to that function.  For example,
+warnings are given with \fB\-Wformat\fR for bad calls to
+\&\f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR, when \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR is built in, and \f(CW\*(C`strlen\*(C'\fR is
+known not to modify global memory.
+.Sp
+With the \fB\-fno\-builtin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR option
+only the built-in function \fIfunction\fR is
+disabled.  \fIfunction\fR must not begin with \fB_\|_builtin_\fR.  If a
+function is named that is not built-in in this version of \s-1GCC\s0, this
+option is ignored.  There is no corresponding
+\&\fB\-fbuiltin\-\fR\fIfunction\fR option; if you wish to enable
+built-in functions selectively when using \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR or
+\&\fB\-ffreestanding\fR, you may define macros such as:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        #define abs(n)          _\|_builtin_abs ((n))
+\&        #define strcpy(d, s)    _\|_builtin_strcpy ((d), (s))
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-fhosted\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fhosted"
+Assert that compilation takes place in a hosted environment.  This implies
+\&\fB\-fbuiltin\fR.  A hosted environment is one in which the
+entire standard library is available, and in which \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR has a return
+type of \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.  Examples are nearly everything except a kernel.
+This is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-freestanding\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ffreestanding\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffreestanding"
+Assert that compilation takes place in a freestanding environment.  This
+implies \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR.  A freestanding environment
+is one in which the standard library may not exist, and program startup may
+not necessarily be at \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR.  The most obvious example is an \s-1OS\s0 kernel.
+This is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-hosted\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fopenmp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fopenmp"
+Enable handling of OpenMP directives \f(CW\*(C`#pragma omp\*(C'\fR in C/\*(C+ and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`!$omp\*(C'\fR in Fortran.  When \fB\-fopenmp\fR is specified, the
+compiler generates parallel code according to the OpenMP Application
+Program Interface v2.5 <\fBhttp://www.openmp.org/\fR>.  This option
+implies \fB\-pthread\fR, and thus is only supported on targets that
+have support for \fB\-pthread\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fms\-extensions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fms-extensions"
+Accept some non-standard constructs used in Microsoft header files.
+.Sp
+Some cases of unnamed fields in structures and unions are only
+accepted with this option.
+.IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-trigraphs"
+Support \s-1ISO\s0 C trigraphs.  The \fB\-ansi\fR option (and \fB\-std\fR
+options for strict \s-1ISO\s0 C conformance) implies \fB\-trigraphs\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-no\-integrated\-cpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-no-integrated-cpp"
+Performs a compilation in two passes: preprocessing and compiling.  This
+option allows a user supplied \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", or \*(L"cc1obj\*(R" via the
+\&\fB\-B\fR option.  The user supplied compilation step can then add in
+an additional preprocessing step after normal preprocessing but before
+compiling.  The default is to use the integrated cpp (internal cpp)
+.Sp
+The semantics of this option will change if \*(L"cc1\*(R", \*(L"cc1plus\*(R", and
+\&\*(L"cc1obj\*(R" are merged.
+.IP "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-traditional"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-traditional-cpp"
+.PD
+Formerly, these options caused \s-1GCC\s0 to attempt to emulate a pre-standard
+C compiler.  They are now only supported with the \fB\-E\fR switch.
+The preprocessor continues to support a pre-standard mode.  See the \s-1GNU\s0
+\&\s-1CPP\s0 manual for details.
+.IP "\fB\-fcond\-mismatch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcond-mismatch"
+Allow conditional expressions with mismatched types in the second and
+third arguments.  The value of such an expression is void.  This option
+is not supported for \*(C+.
+.IP "\fB\-flax\-vector\-conversions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-flax-vector-conversions"
+Allow implicit conversions between vectors with differing numbers of
+elements and/or incompatible element types.  This option should not be
+used for new code.
+.IP "\fB\-funsigned\-char\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funsigned-char"
+Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be unsigned, like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+Each kind of machine has a default for what \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR should
+be.  It is either like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR by default or like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR by default.
+.Sp
+Ideally, a portable program should always use \f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR when it depends on the signedness of an object.
+But many programs have been written to use plain \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR and
+expect it to be signed, or expect it to be unsigned, depending on the
+machines they were written for.  This option, and its inverse, let you
+make such a program work with the opposite default.
+.Sp
+The type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is always a distinct type from each of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unsigned char\*(C'\fR, even though its behavior
+is always just like one of those two.
+.IP "\fB\-fsigned\-char\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsigned-char"
+Let the type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR be signed, like \f(CW\*(C`signed char\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+Note that this is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-unsigned\-char\fR, which is
+the negative form of \fB\-funsigned\-char\fR.  Likewise, the option
+\&\fB\-fno\-signed\-char\fR is equivalent to \fB\-funsigned\-char\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fsigned\-bitfields\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsigned-bitfields"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-funsigned\-bitfields\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funsigned-bitfields"
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-signed\-bitfields\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-signed-bitfields"
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-unsigned\-bitfields\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-unsigned-bitfields"
+.PD
+These options control whether a bit-field is signed or unsigned, when the
+declaration does not use either \f(CW\*(C`signed\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`unsigned\*(C'\fR.  By
+default, such a bit-field is signed, because this is consistent: the
+basic integer types such as \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR are signed types.
+.Sh "Options Controlling \*(C+ Dialect"
+.IX Subsection "Options Controlling  Dialect"
+This section describes the command-line options that are only meaningful
+for \*(C+ programs; but you can also use most of the \s-1GNU\s0 compiler options
+regardless of what language your program is in.  For example, you
+might compile a file \f(CW\*(C`firstClass.C\*(C'\fR like this:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&        g++ \-g \-frepo \-O \-c firstClass.C
+.Ve
+.PP
+In this example, only \fB\-frepo\fR is an option meant
+only for \*(C+ programs; you can use the other options with any
+language supported by \s-1GCC\s0.
+.PP
+Here is a list of options that are \fIonly\fR for compiling \*(C+ programs:
+.IP "\fB\-fabi\-version=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fabi-version=n"
+Use version \fIn\fR of the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0.  Version 2 is the version of the
+\&\*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 that first appeared in G++ 3.4.  Version 1 is the version of
+the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 that first appeared in G++ 3.2.  Version 0 will always be
+the version that conforms most closely to the \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0 specification.
+Therefore, the \s-1ABI\s0 obtained using version 0 will change as \s-1ABI\s0 bugs
+are fixed.
+.Sp
+The default is version 2.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-access\-control\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-access-control"
+Turn off all access checking.  This switch is mainly useful for working
+around bugs in the access control code.
+.IP "\fB\-fcheck\-new\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcheck-new"
+Check that the pointer returned by \f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR is non-null
+before attempting to modify the storage allocated.  This check is
+normally unnecessary because the \*(C+ standard specifies that
+\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR will only return \f(CW0\fR if it is declared
+\&\fB\f(BIthrow()\fB\fR, in which case the compiler will always check the
+return value even without this option.  In all other cases, when
+\&\f(CW\*(C`operator new\*(C'\fR has a non-empty exception specification, memory
+exhaustion is signalled by throwing \f(CW\*(C`std::bad_alloc\*(C'\fR.  See also
+\&\fBnew (nothrow)\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fconserve\-space\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fconserve-space"
+Put uninitialized or runtime-initialized global variables into the
+common segment, as C does.  This saves space in the executable at the
+cost of not diagnosing duplicate definitions.  If you compile with this
+flag and your program mysteriously crashes after \f(CW\*(C`main()\*(C'\fR has
+completed, you may have an object that is being destroyed twice because
+two definitions were merged.
+.Sp
+This option is no longer useful on most targets, now that support has
+been added for putting variables into \s-1BSS\s0 without making them common.
+.IP "\fB\-ffriend\-injection\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffriend-injection"
+Inject friend functions into the enclosing namespace, so that they are
+visible outside the scope of the class in which they are declared.
+Friend functions were documented to work this way in the old Annotated
+\&\*(C+ Reference Manual, and versions of G++ before 4.1 always worked
+that way.  However, in \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ a friend function which is not declared
+in an enclosing scope can only be found using argument dependent
+lookup.  This option causes friends to be injected as they were in
+earlier releases.
+.Sp
+This option is for compatibility, and may be removed in a future
+release of G++.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-elide\-constructors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-elide-constructors"
+The \*(C+ standard allows an implementation to omit creating a temporary
+which is only used to initialize another object of the same type.
+Specifying this option disables that optimization, and forces G++ to
+call the copy constructor in all cases.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-enforce\-eh\-specs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-enforce-eh-specs"
+Don't generate code to check for violation of exception specifications
+at runtime.  This option violates the \*(C+ standard, but may be useful
+for reducing code size in production builds, much like defining
+\&\fB\s-1NDEBUG\s0\fR.  This does not give user code permission to throw
+exceptions in violation of the exception specifications; the compiler
+will still optimize based on the specifications, so throwing an
+unexpected exception will result in undefined behavior.
+.IP "\fB\-ffor\-scope\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffor-scope"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-for\-scope\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-for-scope"
+.PD
+If \fB\-ffor\-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in
+a \fIfor-init-statement\fR is limited to the \fBfor\fR loop itself,
+as specified by the \*(C+ standard.
+If \fB\-fno\-for\-scope\fR is specified, the scope of variables declared in
+a \fIfor-init-statement\fR extends to the end of the enclosing scope,
+as was the case in old versions of G++, and other (traditional)
+implementations of \*(C+.
+.Sp
+The default if neither flag is given to follow the standard,
+but to allow and give a warning for old-style code that would
+otherwise be invalid, or have different behavior.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-gnu-keywords"
+Do not recognize \f(CW\*(C`typeof\*(C'\fR as a keyword, so that code can use this
+word as an identifier.  You can use the keyword \f(CW\*(C`_\|_typeof_\|_\*(C'\fR instead.
+\&\fB\-ansi\fR implies \fB\-fno\-gnu\-keywords\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-implicit\-templates\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-implicit-templates"
+Never emit code for non-inline templates which are instantiated
+implicitly (i.e. by use); only emit code for explicit instantiations.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-implicit\-inline\-templates\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-implicit-inline-templates"
+Don't emit code for implicit instantiations of inline templates, either.
+The default is to handle inlines differently so that compiles with and
+without optimization will need the same set of explicit instantiations.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-implement\-inlines\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-implement-inlines"
+To save space, do not emit out-of-line copies of inline functions
+controlled by \fB#pragma implementation\fR.  This will cause linker
+errors if these functions are not inlined everywhere they are called.
+.IP "\fB\-fms\-extensions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fms-extensions"
+Disable pedantic warnings about constructs used in \s-1MFC\s0, such as implicit
+int and getting a pointer to member function via non-standard syntax.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-nonansi\-builtins\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-nonansi-builtins"
+Disable built-in declarations of functions that are not mandated by
+\&\s-1ANSI/ISO\s0 C.  These include \f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_exit\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`index\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bzero\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`conjf\*(C'\fR, and other related functions.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-operator\-names\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-operator-names"
+Do not treat the operator name keywords \f(CW\*(C`and\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`bitand\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`bitor\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`compl\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`not\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`or\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`xor\*(C'\fR as
+synonyms as keywords.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-optional\-diags\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-optional-diags"
+Disable diagnostics that the standard says a compiler does not need to
+issue.  Currently, the only such diagnostic issued by G++ is the one for
+a name having multiple meanings within a class.
+.IP "\fB\-fpermissive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpermissive"
+Downgrade some diagnostics about nonconformant code from errors to
+warnings.  Thus, using \fB\-fpermissive\fR will allow some
+nonconforming code to compile.
+.IP "\fB\-frepo\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frepo"
+Enable automatic template instantiation at link time.  This option also
+implies \fB\-fno\-implicit\-templates\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-rtti\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-rtti"
+Disable generation of information about every class with virtual
+functions for use by the \*(C+ runtime type identification features
+(\fBdynamic_cast\fR and \fBtypeid\fR).  If you don't use those parts
+of the language, you can save some space by using this flag.  Note that
+exception handling uses the same information, but it will generate it as
+needed. The \fBdynamic_cast\fR operator can still be used for casts that
+do not require runtime type information, i.e. casts to \f(CW\*(C`void *\*(C'\fR or to
+unambiguous base classes.
+.IP "\fB\-fstats\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstats"
+Emit statistics about front-end processing at the end of the compilation.
+This information is generally only useful to the G++ development team.
+.IP "\fB\-ftemplate\-depth\-\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftemplate-depth-n"
+Set the maximum instantiation depth for template classes to \fIn\fR.
+A limit on the template instantiation depth is needed to detect
+endless recursions during template class instantiation.  \s-1ANSI/ISO\s0 \*(C+
+conforming programs must not rely on a maximum depth greater than 17.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-threadsafe\-statics\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-threadsafe-statics"
+Do not emit the extra code to use the routines specified in the \*(C+
+\&\s-1ABI\s0 for thread-safe initialization of local statics.  You can use this
+option to reduce code size slightly in code that doesn't need to be
+thread-safe.
+.IP "\fB\-fuse\-cxa\-atexit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fuse-cxa-atexit"
+Register destructors for objects with static storage duration with the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_atexit\*(C'\fR function rather than the \f(CW\*(C`atexit\*(C'\fR function.
+This option is required for fully standards-compliant handling of static
+destructors, but will only work if your C library supports
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_atexit\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-use\-cxa\-get\-exception\-ptr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-use-cxa-get-exception-ptr"
+Don't use the \f(CW\*(C`_\|_cxa_get_exception_ptr\*(C'\fR runtime routine.  This
+will cause \f(CW\*(C`std::uncaught_exception\*(C'\fR to be incorrect, but is necessary
+if the runtime routine is not available.
+.IP "\fB\-fvisibility\-inlines\-hidden\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvisibility-inlines-hidden"
+This switch declares that the user does not attempt to compare
+pointers to inline methods where the addresses of the two functions
+were taken in different shared objects.
+.Sp
+The effect of this is that \s-1GCC\s0 may, effectively, mark inline methods with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_attribute_\|_ ((visibility ("hidden")))\*(C'\fR so that they do not
+appear in the export table of a \s-1DSO\s0 and do not require a \s-1PLT\s0 indirection
+when used within the \s-1DSO\s0.  Enabling this option can have a dramatic effect
+on load and link times of a \s-1DSO\s0 as it massively reduces the size of the
+dynamic export table when the library makes heavy use of templates.
+.Sp
+The behavior of this switch is not quite the same as marking the
+methods as hidden directly, because it does not affect static variables
+local to the function or cause the compiler to deduce that
+the function is defined in only one shared object.
+.Sp
+You may mark a method as having a visibility explicitly to negate the
+effect of the switch for that method.  For example, if you do want to
+compare pointers to a particular inline method, you might mark it as
+having default visibility.  Marking the enclosing class with explicit
+visibility will have no effect.
+.Sp
+Explicitly instantiated inline methods are unaffected by this option
+as their linkage might otherwise cross a shared library boundary.
+.IP "\fB\-fvisibility\-ms\-compat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvisibility-ms-compat"
+This flag attempts to use visibility settings to make \s-1GCC\s0's \*(C+
+linkage model compatible with that of Microsoft Visual Studio.
+.Sp
+The flag makes these changes to \s-1GCC\s0's linkage model:
+.RS 4
+.IP "1." 4
+It sets the default visibility to \f(CW\*(C`hidden\*(C'\fR, like
+\&\fB\-fvisibility=hidden\fR.
+.IP "2." 4
+Types, but not their members, are not hidden by default.
+.IP "3." 4
+The One Definition Rule is relaxed for types without explicit
+visibility specifications which are defined in more than one different
+shared object: those declarations are permitted if they would have
+been permitted when this option was not used.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+In new code it is better to use \fB\-fvisibility=hidden\fR and
+export those classes which are intended to be externally visible.
+Unfortunately it is possible for code to rely, perhaps accidentally,
+on the Visual Studio behavior.
+.Sp
+Among the consequences of these changes are that static data members
+of the same type with the same name but defined in different shared
+objects will be different, so changing one will not change the other;
+and that pointers to function members defined in different shared
+objects may not compare equal.  When this flag is given, it is a
+violation of the \s-1ODR\s0 to define types with the same name differently.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-weak\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-weak"
+Do not use weak symbol support, even if it is provided by the linker.
+By default, G++ will use weak symbols if they are available.  This
+option exists only for testing, and should not be used by end-users;
+it will result in inferior code and has no benefits.  This option may
+be removed in a future release of G++.
+.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nostdinc++"
+Do not search for header files in the standard directories specific to
+\&\*(C+, but do still search the other standard directories.  (This option
+is used when building the \*(C+ library.)
+.PP
+In addition, these optimization, warning, and code generation options
+have meanings only for \*(C+ programs:
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-default\-inline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-default-inline"
+Do not assume \fBinline\fR for functions defined inside a class scope.
+  Note that these
+functions will have linkage like inline functions; they just won't be
+inlined by default.
+.IP "\fB\-Wabi\fR (C, Objective-C, \*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wabi (C, Objective-C,  and Objective- only)"
+Warn when G++ generates code that is probably not compatible with the
+vendor-neutral \*(C+ \s-1ABI\s0.  Although an effort has been made to warn about
+all such cases, there are probably some cases that are not warned about,
+even though G++ is generating incompatible code.  There may also be
+cases where warnings are emitted even though the code that is generated
+will be compatible.
+.Sp
+You should rewrite your code to avoid these warnings if you are
+concerned about the fact that code generated by G++ may not be binary
+compatible with code generated by other compilers.
+.Sp
+The known incompatibilities at this point include:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Incorrect handling of tail-padding for bit-fields.  G++ may attempt to
+pack data into the same byte as a base class.  For example:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        struct A { virtual void f(); int f1 : 1; };
+\&        struct B : public A { int f2 : 1; };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+In this case, G++ will place \f(CW\*(C`B::f2\*(C'\fR into the same byte
+as\f(CW\*(C`A::f1\*(C'\fR; other compilers will not.  You can avoid this problem
+by explicitly padding \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR so that its size is a multiple of the
+byte size on your platform; that will cause G++ and other compilers to
+layout \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR identically.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Incorrect handling of tail-padding for virtual bases.  G++ does not use
+tail padding when laying out virtual bases.  For example:
+.Sp
+.Vb 3
+\&        struct A { virtual void f(); char c1; };
+\&        struct B { B(); char c2; };
+\&        struct C : public A, public virtual B {};
+.Ve
+.Sp
+In this case, G++ will not place \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR into the tail-padding for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR; other compilers will.  You can avoid this problem by
+explicitly padding \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR so that its size is a multiple of its
+alignment (ignoring virtual base classes); that will cause G++ and other
+compilers to layout \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR identically.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Incorrect handling of bit-fields with declared widths greater than that
+of their underlying types, when the bit-fields appear in a union.  For
+example:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        union U { int i : 4096; };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Assuming that an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR does not have 4096 bits, G++ will make the
+union too small by the number of bits in an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Empty classes can be placed at incorrect offsets.  For example:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        struct A {};
+\&        
+\&        struct B {
+\&          A a;
+\&          virtual void f ();
+\&        };
+\&        
+\&        struct C : public B, public A {};
+.Ve
+.Sp
+G++ will place the \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR base class of \f(CW\*(C`C\*(C'\fR at a nonzero offset;
+it should be placed at offset zero.  G++ mistakenly believes that the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR data member of \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR is already at offset zero.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Names of template functions whose types involve \f(CW\*(C`typename\*(C'\fR or
+template template parameters can be mangled incorrectly.
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        template <typename Q>
+\&        void f(typename Q::X) {}
+\&        
+\&        template <template <typename> class Q>
+\&        void f(typename Q<int>::X) {}
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Instantiations of these templates may be mangled incorrectly.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+It also warns psABI related changes.  The known psABI changes at this
+point include:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+For SYSV/x86\-64, when passing union with long double, it is changed to
+pass in memory as specified in psABI.  For example:
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&        union U {
+\&          long double ld;
+\&          int i;
+\&        };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+\&\f(CW\*(C`union U\*(C'\fR will always be passed in memory.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-Wctor\-dtor\-privacy\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wctor-dtor-privacy ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn when a class seems unusable because all the constructors or
+destructors in that class are private, and it has neither friends nor
+public static member functions.
+.IP "\fB\-Wnon\-virtual\-dtor\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wnon-virtual-dtor ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn when a class has virtual functions and accessible non-virtual
+destructor, in which case it would be possible but unsafe to delete
+an instance of a derived class through a pointer to the base class.
+This warning is also enabled if \-Weffc++ is specified.
+.IP "\fB\-Wreorder\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wreorder ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn when the order of member initializers given in the code does not
+match the order in which they must be executed.  For instance:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        struct A {
+\&          int i;
+\&          int j;
+\&          A(): j (0), i (1) { }
+\&        };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The compiler will rearrange the member initializers for \fBi\fR
+and \fBj\fR to match the declaration order of the members, emitting
+a warning to that effect.  This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.PP
+The following \fB\-W...\fR options are not affected by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Weffc++\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Weffc++ ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn about violations of the following style guidelines from Scott Meyers'
+\&\fIEffective \*(C+\fR book:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 11:  Define a copy constructor and an assignment operator for classes
+with dynamically allocated memory.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 12:  Prefer initialization to assignment in constructors.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 14:  Make destructors virtual in base classes.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 15:  Have \f(CW\*(C`operator=\*(C'\fR return a reference to \f(CW*this\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 23:  Don't try to return a reference when you must return an object.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+Also warn about violations of the following style guidelines from
+Scott Meyers' \fIMore Effective \*(C+\fR book:
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 6:  Distinguish between prefix and postfix forms of increment and
+decrement operators.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Item 7:  Never overload \f(CW\*(C`&&\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`||\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`,\*(C'\fR.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+When selecting this option, be aware that the standard library
+headers do not obey all of these guidelines; use \fBgrep \-v\fR
+to filter out those warnings.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-null\-sentinel\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-null-sentinel ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn also about the use of an uncasted \f(CW\*(C`NULL\*(C'\fR as sentinel.  When
+compiling only with \s-1GCC\s0 this is a valid sentinel, as \f(CW\*(C`NULL\*(C'\fR is defined
+to \f(CW\*(C`_\|_null\*(C'\fR.  Although it is a null pointer constant not a null pointer,
+it is guaranteed to be of the same size as a pointer.  But this use is
+not portable across different compilers.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-non\-template\-friend\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-non-template-friend ( and Objective- only)"
+Disable warnings when non-templatized friend functions are declared
+within a template.  Since the advent of explicit template specification
+support in G++, if the name of the friend is an unqualified-id (i.e.,
+\&\fBfriend foo(int)\fR), the \*(C+ language specification demands that the
+friend declare or define an ordinary, nontemplate function.  (Section
+14.5.3).  Before G++ implemented explicit specification, unqualified-ids
+could be interpreted as a particular specialization of a templatized
+function.  Because this non-conforming behavior is no longer the default
+behavior for G++, \fB\-Wnon\-template\-friend\fR allows the compiler to
+check existing code for potential trouble spots and is on by default.
+This new compiler behavior can be turned off with
+\&\fB\-Wno\-non\-template\-friend\fR which keeps the conformant compiler code
+but disables the helpful warning.
+.IP "\fB\-Wold\-style\-cast\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wold-style-cast ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn if an old-style (C\-style) cast to a non-void type is used within
+a \*(C+ program.  The new-style casts (\fBdynamic_cast\fR,
+\&\fBstatic_cast\fR, \fBreinterpret_cast\fR, and \fBconst_cast\fR) are
+less vulnerable to unintended effects and much easier to search for.
+.IP "\fB\-Woverloaded\-virtual\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Woverloaded-virtual ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn when a function declaration hides virtual functions from a
+base class.  For example, in:
+.Sp
+.Vb 3
+\&        struct A {
+\&          virtual void f();
+\&        };
+\&        
+\&        struct B: public A {
+\&          void f(int);
+\&        };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+the \f(CW\*(C`A\*(C'\fR class version of \f(CW\*(C`f\*(C'\fR is hidden in \f(CW\*(C`B\*(C'\fR, and code
+like:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        B* b;
+\&        b\->f();
+.Ve
+.Sp
+will fail to compile.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-pmf\-conversions\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-pmf-conversions ( and Objective- only)"
+Disable the diagnostic for converting a bound pointer to member function
+to a plain pointer.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsign\-promo\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsign-promo ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn when overload resolution chooses a promotion from unsigned or
+enumerated type to a signed type, over a conversion to an unsigned type of
+the same size.  Previous versions of G++ would try to preserve
+unsignedness, but the standard mandates the current behavior.
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&        struct A {
+\&          operator int ();
+\&          A& operator = (int);
+\&        };
+\&        
+\&        main ()
+\&        {
+\&          A a,b;
+\&          a = b;
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+In this example, G++ will synthesize a default \fBA& operator =
+(const A&);\fR, while cfront will use the user-defined \fBoperator =\fR.
+.Sh "Options Controlling Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ Dialects"
+.IX Subsection "Options Controlling Objective-C and Objective- Dialects"
+(\s-1NOTE:\s0 This manual does not describe the Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+
+languages themselves.  See
+.PP
+This section describes the command-line options that are only meaningful
+for Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ programs, but you can also use most of
+the language-independent \s-1GNU\s0 compiler options.
+For example, you might compile a file \f(CW\*(C`some_class.m\*(C'\fR like this:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&        gcc \-g \-fgnu\-runtime \-O \-c some_class.m
+.Ve
+.PP
+In this example, \fB\-fgnu\-runtime\fR is an option meant only for
+Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ programs; you can use the other options with
+any language supported by \s-1GCC\s0.
+.PP
+Note that since Objective-C is an extension of the C language, Objective-C
+compilations may also use options specific to the C front-end (e.g.,
+\&\fB\-Wtraditional\fR).  Similarly, Objective\-\*(C+ compilations may use
+\&\*(C+\-specific options (e.g., \fB\-Wabi\fR).
+.PP
+Here is a list of options that are \fIonly\fR for compiling Objective-C
+and Objective\-\*(C+ programs:
+.IP "\fB\-fconstant\-string\-class=\fR\fIclass-name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fconstant-string-class=class-name"
+Use \fIclass-name\fR as the name of the class to instantiate for each
+literal string specified with the syntax \f(CW\*(C`@"..."\*(C'\fR.  The default
+class name is \f(CW\*(C`NXConstantString\*(C'\fR if the \s-1GNU\s0 runtime is being used, and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`NSConstantString\*(C'\fR if the NeXT runtime is being used (see below).  The
+\&\fB\-fconstant\-cfstrings\fR option, if also present, will override the
+\&\fB\-fconstant\-string\-class\fR setting and cause \f(CW\*(C`@"..."\*(C'\fR literals
+to be laid out as constant CoreFoundation strings.
+.IP "\fB\-fgnu\-runtime\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgnu-runtime"
+Generate object code compatible with the standard \s-1GNU\s0 Objective-C
+runtime.  This is the default for most types of systems.
+.IP "\fB\-fnext\-runtime\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fnext-runtime"
+Generate output compatible with the NeXT runtime.  This is the default
+for NeXT-based systems, including Darwin and Mac \s-1OS\s0 X.  The macro
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_NEXT_RUNTIME_\|_\*(C'\fR is predefined if (and only if) this option is
+used.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-nil\-receivers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-nil-receivers"
+Assume that all Objective-C message dispatches (e.g.,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`[receiver message:arg]\*(C'\fR) in this translation unit ensure that the receiver
+is not \f(CW\*(C`nil\*(C'\fR.  This allows for more efficient entry points in the runtime
+to be used.  Currently, this option is only available in conjunction with
+the NeXT runtime on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X 10.3 and later.
+.IP "\fB\-fobjc\-call\-cxx\-cdtors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fobjc-call-cxx-cdtors"
+For each Objective-C class, check if any of its instance variables is a
+\&\*(C+ object with a non-trivial default constructor.  If so, synthesize a
+special \f(CW\*(C`\- (id) .cxx_construct\*(C'\fR instance method that will run
+non-trivial default constructors on any such instance variables, in order,
+and then return \f(CW\*(C`self\*(C'\fR.  Similarly, check if any instance variable
+is a \*(C+ object with a non-trivial destructor, and if so, synthesize a
+special \f(CW\*(C`\- (void) .cxx_destruct\*(C'\fR method that will run
+all such default destructors, in reverse order.
+.Sp
+The \f(CW\*(C`\- (id) .cxx_construct\*(C'\fR and/or \f(CW\*(C`\- (void) .cxx_destruct\*(C'\fR methods
+thusly generated will only operate on instance variables declared in the
+current Objective-C class, and not those inherited from superclasses.  It
+is the responsibility of the Objective-C runtime to invoke all such methods
+in an object's inheritance hierarchy.  The \f(CW\*(C`\- (id) .cxx_construct\*(C'\fR methods
+will be invoked by the runtime immediately after a new object
+instance is allocated; the \f(CW\*(C`\- (void) .cxx_destruct\*(C'\fR methods will
+be invoked immediately before the runtime deallocates an object instance.
+.Sp
+As of this writing, only the NeXT runtime on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X 10.4 and later has
+support for invoking the \f(CW\*(C`\- (id) .cxx_construct\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\- (void) .cxx_destruct\*(C'\fR methods.
+.IP "\fB\-fobjc\-direct\-dispatch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fobjc-direct-dispatch"
+Allow fast jumps to the message dispatcher.  On Darwin this is
+accomplished via the comm page.
+.IP "\fB\-fobjc\-exceptions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fobjc-exceptions"
+Enable syntactic support for structured exception handling in Objective-C,
+similar to what is offered by \*(C+ and Java.  This option is
+unavailable in conjunction with the NeXT runtime on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X 10.2 and
+earlier.
+.Sp
+.Vb 10
+\&          @try {
+\&            ...
+\&               @throw expr;
+\&            ...
+\&          }
+\&          @catch (AnObjCClass *exc) {
+\&            ...
+\&              @throw expr;
+\&            ...
+\&              @throw;
+\&            ...
+\&          }
+\&          @catch (AnotherClass *exc) {
+\&            ...
+\&          }
+\&          @catch (id allOthers) {
+\&            ...
+\&          }
+\&          @finally {
+\&            ...
+\&              @throw expr;
+\&            ...
+\&          }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The \f(CW@throw\fR statement may appear anywhere in an Objective-C or
+Objective\-\*(C+ program; when used inside of a \f(CW@catch\fR block, the
+\&\f(CW@throw\fR may appear without an argument (as shown above), in which case
+the object caught by the \f(CW@catch\fR will be rethrown.
+.Sp
+Note that only (pointers to) Objective-C objects may be thrown and
+caught using this scheme.  When an object is thrown, it will be caught
+by the nearest \f(CW@catch\fR clause capable of handling objects of that type,
+analogously to how \f(CW\*(C`catch\*(C'\fR blocks work in \*(C+ and Java.  A
+\&\f(CW\*(C`@catch(id ...)\*(C'\fR clause (as shown above) may also be provided to catch
+any and all Objective-C exceptions not caught by previous \f(CW@catch\fR
+clauses (if any).
+.Sp
+The \f(CW@finally\fR clause, if present, will be executed upon exit from the
+immediately preceding \f(CW\*(C`@try ... @catch\*(C'\fR section.  This will happen
+regardless of whether any exceptions are thrown, caught or rethrown
+inside the \f(CW\*(C`@try ... @catch\*(C'\fR section, analogously to the behavior
+of the \f(CW\*(C`finally\*(C'\fR clause in Java.
+.Sp
+There are several caveats to using the new exception mechanism:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Although currently designed to be binary compatible with \f(CW\*(C`NS_HANDLER\*(C'\fR\-style
+idioms provided by the \f(CW\*(C`NSException\*(C'\fR class, the new
+exceptions can only be used on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X 10.3 (Panther) and later
+systems, due to additional functionality needed in the (NeXT) Objective-C
+runtime.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+As mentioned above, the new exceptions do not support handling
+types other than Objective-C objects.   Furthermore, when used from
+Objective\-\*(C+, the Objective-C exception model does not interoperate with \*(C+
+exceptions at this time.  This means you cannot \f(CW@throw\fR an exception
+from Objective-C and \f(CW\*(C`catch\*(C'\fR it in \*(C+, or vice versa
+(i.e., \f(CW\*(C`throw ... @catch\*(C'\fR).
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+The \fB\-fobjc\-exceptions\fR switch also enables the use of synchronization
+blocks for thread-safe execution:
+.Sp
+.Vb 3
+\&          @synchronized (ObjCClass *guard) {
+\&            ...
+\&          }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Upon entering the \f(CW@synchronized\fR block, a thread of execution shall
+first check whether a lock has been placed on the corresponding \f(CW\*(C`guard\*(C'\fR
+object by another thread.  If it has, the current thread shall wait until
+the other thread relinquishes its lock.  Once \f(CW\*(C`guard\*(C'\fR becomes available,
+the current thread will place its own lock on it, execute the code contained in
+the \f(CW@synchronized\fR block, and finally relinquish the lock (thereby
+making \f(CW\*(C`guard\*(C'\fR available to other threads).
+.Sp
+Unlike Java, Objective-C does not allow for entire methods to be marked
+\&\f(CW@synchronized\fR.  Note that throwing exceptions out of
+\&\f(CW@synchronized\fR blocks is allowed, and will cause the guarding object
+to be unlocked properly.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fobjc\-gc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fobjc-gc"
+Enable garbage collection (\s-1GC\s0) in Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ programs.
+.IP "\fB\-freplace\-objc\-classes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freplace-objc-classes"
+Emit a special marker instructing \fB\f(BIld\fB\|(1)\fR not to statically link in
+the resulting object file, and allow \fB\f(BIdyld\fB\|(1)\fR to load it in at
+run time instead.  This is used in conjunction with the Fix-and-Continue
+debugging mode, where the object file in question may be recompiled and
+dynamically reloaded in the course of program execution, without the need
+to restart the program itself.  Currently, Fix-and-Continue functionality
+is only available in conjunction with the NeXT runtime on Mac \s-1OS\s0 X 10.3
+and later.
+.IP "\fB\-fzero\-link\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fzero-link"
+When compiling for the NeXT runtime, the compiler ordinarily replaces calls
+to \f(CW\*(C`objc_getClass("...")\*(C'\fR (when the name of the class is known at
+compile time) with static class references that get initialized at load time,
+which improves run-time performance.  Specifying the \fB\-fzero\-link\fR flag
+suppresses this behavior and causes calls to \f(CW\*(C`objc_getClass("...")\*(C'\fR
+to be retained.  This is useful in Zero-Link debugging mode, since it allows
+for individual class implementations to be modified during program execution.
+.IP "\fB\-gen\-decls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gen-decls"
+Dump interface declarations for all classes seen in the source file to a
+file named \fI\fIsourcename\fI.decl\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wassign\-intercept\fR (Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wassign-intercept (Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+Warn whenever an Objective-C assignment is being intercepted by the
+garbage collector.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-protocol\fR (Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-protocol (Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+If a class is declared to implement a protocol, a warning is issued for
+every method in the protocol that is not implemented by the class.  The
+default behavior is to issue a warning for every method not explicitly
+implemented in the class, even if a method implementation is inherited
+from the superclass.  If you use the \fB\-Wno\-protocol\fR option, then
+methods inherited from the superclass are considered to be implemented,
+and no warning is issued for them.
+.IP "\fB\-Wselector\fR (Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wselector (Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+Warn if multiple methods of different types for the same selector are
+found during compilation.  The check is performed on the list of methods
+in the final stage of compilation.  Additionally, a check is performed
+for each selector appearing in a \f(CW\*(C`@selector(...)\*(C'\fR
+expression, and a corresponding method for that selector has been found
+during compilation.  Because these checks scan the method table only at
+the end of compilation, these warnings are not produced if the final
+stage of compilation is not reached, for example because an error is
+found during compilation, or because the \fB\-fsyntax\-only\fR option is
+being used.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-selector\-match\fR (Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-selector-match (Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+Warn if multiple methods with differing argument and/or return types are
+found for a given selector when attempting to send a message using this
+selector to a receiver of type \f(CW\*(C`id\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`Class\*(C'\fR.  When this flag
+is off (which is the default behavior), the compiler will omit such warnings
+if any differences found are confined to types which share the same size
+and alignment.
+.IP "\fB\-Wundeclared\-selector\fR (Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wundeclared-selector (Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+Warn if a \f(CW\*(C`@selector(...)\*(C'\fR expression referring to an
+undeclared selector is found.  A selector is considered undeclared if no
+method with that name has been declared before the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`@selector(...)\*(C'\fR expression, either explicitly in an
+\&\f(CW@interface\fR or \f(CW@protocol\fR declaration, or implicitly in
+an \f(CW@implementation\fR section.  This option always performs its
+checks as soon as a \f(CW\*(C`@selector(...)\*(C'\fR expression is found,
+while \fB\-Wselector\fR only performs its checks in the final stage of
+compilation.  This also enforces the coding style convention
+that methods and selectors must be declared before being used.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-objc\-runtime\-info\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-objc-runtime-info"
+Generate C header describing the largest structure that is passed by
+value, if any.
+.Sh "Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting"
+.IX Subsection "Options to Control Diagnostic Messages Formatting"
+Traditionally, diagnostic messages have been formatted irrespective of
+the output device's aspect (e.g. its width, ...).  The options described
+below can be used to control the diagnostic messages formatting
+algorithm, e.g. how many characters per line, how often source location
+information should be reported.  Right now, only the \*(C+ front end can
+honor these options.  However it is expected, in the near future, that
+the remaining front ends would be able to digest them correctly.
+.IP "\fB\-fmessage\-length=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmessage-length=n"
+Try to format error messages so that they fit on lines of about \fIn\fR
+characters.  The default is 72 characters for \fBg++\fR and 0 for the rest of
+the front ends supported by \s-1GCC\s0.  If \fIn\fR is zero, then no
+line-wrapping will be done; each error message will appear on a single
+line.
+.IP "\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-location=once\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdiagnostics-show-location=once"
+Only meaningful in line-wrapping mode.  Instructs the diagnostic messages
+reporter to emit \fIonce\fR source location information; that is, in
+case the message is too long to fit on a single physical line and has to
+be wrapped, the source location won't be emitted (as prefix) again,
+over and over, in subsequent continuation lines.  This is the default
+behavior.
+.IP "\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-location=every\-line\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdiagnostics-show-location=every-line"
+Only meaningful in line-wrapping mode.  Instructs the diagnostic
+messages reporter to emit the same source location information (as
+prefix) for physical lines that result from the process of breaking
+a message which is too long to fit on a single line.
+.IP "\fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-option\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdiagnostics-show-option"
+This option instructs the diagnostic machinery to add text to each
+diagnostic emitted, which indicates which command line option directly
+controls that diagnostic, when such an option is known to the
+diagnostic machinery.
+.IP "\fB\-Wcoverage\-mismatch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wcoverage-mismatch"
+Warn if feedback profiles do not match when using the
+\&\fB\-fprofile\-use\fR option.
+If a source file was changed between \fB\-fprofile\-gen\fR and
+\&\fB\-fprofile\-use\fR, the files with the profile feedback can fail
+to match the source file and \s-1GCC\s0 can not use the profile feedback
+information.  By default, \s-1GCC\s0 emits an error message in this case.
+The option \fB\-Wcoverage\-mismatch\fR emits a warning instead of an
+error.  \s-1GCC\s0 does not use appropriate feedback profiles, so using this
+option can result in poorly optimized code.  This option is useful
+only in the case of very minor changes such as bug fixes to an
+existing code-base.
+.Sh "Options to Request or Suppress Warnings"
+.IX Subsection "Options to Request or Suppress Warnings"
+Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which
+are not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there
+may have been an error.
+.PP
+The following language-independent options do not enable specific
+warnings but control the kinds of diagnostics produced by \s-1GCC\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-fsyntax\-only\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsyntax-only"
+Check the code for syntax errors, but don't do anything beyond that.
+.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-w"
+Inhibit all warning messages.
+.IP "\fB\-Werror\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Werror"
+Make all warnings into errors.
+.IP "\fB\-Werror=\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Werror="
+Make the specified warning into an error.  The specifier for a warning
+is appended, for example \fB\-Werror=switch\fR turns the warnings
+controlled by \fB\-Wswitch\fR into errors.  This switch takes a
+negative form, to be used to negate \fB\-Werror\fR for specific
+warnings, for example \fB\-Wno\-error=switch\fR makes
+\&\fB\-Wswitch\fR warnings not be errors, even when \fB\-Werror\fR
+is in effect.  You can use the \fB\-fdiagnostics\-show\-option\fR
+option to have each controllable warning amended with the option which
+controls it, to determine what to use with this option.
+.Sp
+Note that specifying \fB\-Werror=\fR\fIfoo\fR automatically implies
+\&\fB\-W\fR\fIfoo\fR.  However, \fB\-Wno\-error=\fR\fIfoo\fR does not
+imply anything.
+.IP "\fB\-Wfatal\-errors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wfatal-errors"
+This option causes the compiler to abort compilation on the first error
+occurred rather than trying to keep going and printing further error
+messages.
+.PP
+You can request many specific warnings with options beginning
+\&\fB\-W\fR, for example \fB\-Wimplicit\fR to request warnings on
+implicit declarations.  Each of these specific warning options also
+has a negative form beginning \fB\-Wno\-\fR to turn off warnings; for
+example, \fB\-Wno\-implicit\fR.  This manual lists only one of the
+two forms, whichever is not the default.  For further,
+language-specific options also refer to \fB\*(C+ Dialect Options\fR and
+\&\fBObjective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ Dialect Options\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-pedantic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pedantic"
+Issue all the warnings demanded by strict \s-1ISO\s0 C and \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+;
+reject all programs that use forbidden extensions, and some other
+programs that do not follow \s-1ISO\s0 C and \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+.  For \s-1ISO\s0 C, follows the
+version of the \s-1ISO\s0 C standard specified by any \fB\-std\fR option used.
+.Sp
+Valid \s-1ISO\s0 C and \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ programs should compile properly with or without
+this option (though a rare few will require \fB\-ansi\fR or a
+\&\fB\-std\fR option specifying the required version of \s-1ISO\s0 C).  However,
+without this option, certain \s-1GNU\s0 extensions and traditional C and \*(C+
+features are supported as well.  With this option, they are rejected.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-pedantic\fR does not cause warning messages for use of the
+alternate keywords whose names begin and end with \fB_\|_\fR.  Pedantic
+warnings are also disabled in the expression that follows
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_extension_\|_\*(C'\fR.  However, only system header files should use
+these escape routes; application programs should avoid them.
+.Sp
+Some users try to use \fB\-pedantic\fR to check programs for strict \s-1ISO\s0
+C conformance.  They soon find that it does not do quite what they want:
+it finds some non-ISO practices, but not all\-\-\-only those for which
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C \fIrequires\fR a diagnostic, and some others for which
+diagnostics have been added.
+.Sp
+A feature to report any failure to conform to \s-1ISO\s0 C might be useful in
+some instances, but would require considerable additional work and would
+be quite different from \fB\-pedantic\fR.  We don't have plans to
+support such a feature in the near future.
+.Sp
+Where the standard specified with \fB\-std\fR represents a \s-1GNU\s0
+extended dialect of C, such as \fBgnu89\fR or \fBgnu99\fR, there is a
+corresponding \fIbase standard\fR, the version of \s-1ISO\s0 C on which the \s-1GNU\s0
+extended dialect is based.  Warnings from \fB\-pedantic\fR are given
+where they are required by the base standard.  (It would not make sense
+for such warnings to be given only for features not in the specified \s-1GNU\s0
+C dialect, since by definition the \s-1GNU\s0 dialects of C include all
+features the compiler supports with the given option, and there would be
+nothing to warn about.)
+.IP "\fB\-pedantic\-errors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pedantic-errors"
+Like \fB\-pedantic\fR, except that errors are produced rather than
+warnings.
+.IP "\fB\-Wall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wall"
+This enables all the warnings about constructions that some users
+consider questionable, and that are easy to avoid (or modify to
+prevent the warning), even in conjunction with macros.  This also
+enables some language-specific warnings described in \fB\*(C+ Dialect
+Options\fR and \fBObjective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ Dialect Options\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR turns on the following warning flags:
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Waddress   
+\&\-Warray\-bounds\fR (only with\fB \fR\fB\-O2\fR)  
+\&\fB\-Wc++0x\-compat  
+\&\-Wchar\-subscripts  
+\&\-Wimplicit\-int  
+\&\-Wimplicit\-function\-declaration  
+\&\-Wcomment  
+\&\-Wformat   
+\&\-Wmain\fR (only for C/ObjC and unless\fB \fR\fB\-ffreestanding\fR)  
+\&\fB\-Wmissing\-braces  
+\&\-Wnonnull  
+\&\-Wparentheses  
+\&\-Wpointer\-sign  
+\&\-Wreorder   
+\&\-Wreturn\-type  
+\&\-Wsequence\-point  
+\&\-Wsign\-compare\fR (only in \*(C+)  
+\&\fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing  
+\&\-Wstrict\-overflow=1  
+\&\-Wswitch  
+\&\-Wtrigraphs  
+\&\-Wuninitialized  
+\&\-Wunknown\-pragmas  
+\&\-Wunused\-function  
+\&\-Wunused\-label     
+\&\-Wunused\-value     
+\&\-Wunused\-variable  
+\&\-Wvolatile\-register\-var\fR
+.Sp
+Note that some warning flags are not implied by \fB\-Wall\fR.  Some of
+them warn about constructions that users generally do not consider
+questionable, but which occasionally you might wish to check for;
+others warn about constructions that are necessary or hard to avoid in
+some cases, and there is no simple way to modify the code to suppress
+the warning. Some of them are enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR but many of
+them must be enabled individually.
+.IP "\fB\-Wextra\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wextra"
+This enables some extra warning flags that are not enabled by
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR. (This option used to be called \fB\-W\fR.  The older
+name is still supported, but the newer name is more descriptive.)
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Wclobbered  
+\&\-Wempty\-body  
+\&\-Wignored\-qualifiers 
+\&\-Wmissing\-field\-initializers  
+\&\-Wmissing\-parameter\-type\fR (C only)  
+\&\fB\-Wold\-style\-declaration\fR (C only)  
+\&\fB\-Woverride\-init  
+\&\-Wsign\-compare  
+\&\-Wtype\-limits  
+\&\-Wuninitialized  
+\&\-Wunused\-parameter\fR (only with\fB \fR\fB\-Wunused\fR\fB \fRor\fB \fR\fB\-Wall\fR)  \fB \fR
+.Sp
+The option \fB\-Wextra\fR also prints warning messages for the
+following cases:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+A pointer is compared against integer zero with \fB<\fR, \fB<=\fR,
+\&\fB>\fR, or \fB>=\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+(\*(C+ only) An enumerator and a non-enumerator both appear in a
+conditional expression.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+(\*(C+ only) Ambiguous virtual bases.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+(\*(C+ only) Subscripting an array which has been declared \fBregister\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+(\*(C+ only) Taking the address of a variable which has been declared
+\&\fBregister\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+(\*(C+ only) A base class is not initialized in a derived class' copy
+constructor.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-Wchar\-subscripts\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wchar-subscripts"
+Warn if an array subscript has type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR.  This is a common cause
+of error, as programmers often forget that this type is signed on some
+machines.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wcomment\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wcomment"
+Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR
+comment, or whenever a Backslash-Newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wformat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wformat"
+Check calls to \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`scanf\*(C'\fR, etc., to make sure that
+the arguments supplied have types appropriate to the format string
+specified, and that the conversions specified in the format string make
+sense.  This includes standard functions, and others specified by format
+attributes, in the \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`scanf\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`strftime\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`strfmon\*(C'\fR (an X/Open extension,
+not in the C standard) families (or other target-specific families).
+Which functions are checked without format attributes having been
+specified depends on the standard version selected, and such checks of
+functions without the attribute specified are disabled by
+\&\fB\-ffreestanding\fR or \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR.
+.Sp
+The formats are checked against the format features supported by \s-1GNU\s0
+libc version 2.2.  These include all \s-1ISO\s0 C90 and C99 features, as well
+as features from the Single Unix Specification and some \s-1BSD\s0 and \s-1GNU\s0
+extensions.  Other library implementations may not support all these
+features; \s-1GCC\s0 does not support warning about features that go beyond a
+particular library's limitations.  However, if \fB\-pedantic\fR is used
+with \fB\-Wformat\fR, warnings will be given about format features not
+in the selected standard version (but not for \f(CW\*(C`strfmon\*(C'\fR formats,
+since those are not in any version of the C standard).
+.Sp
+Since \fB\-Wformat\fR also checks for null format arguments for
+several functions, \fB\-Wformat\fR also implies \fB\-Wnonnull\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Wformat\fR is included in \fB\-Wall\fR.  For more control over some
+aspects of format checking, the options \fB\-Wformat\-y2k\fR,
+\&\fB\-Wno\-format\-extra\-args\fR, \fB\-Wno\-format\-zero\-length\fR,
+\&\fB\-Wformat\-nonliteral\fR, \fB\-Wformat\-security\fR, and
+\&\fB\-Wformat=2\fR are available, but are not included in \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wformat\-y2k\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wformat-y2k"
+If \fB\-Wformat\fR is specified, also warn about \f(CW\*(C`strftime\*(C'\fR
+formats which may yield only a two-digit year.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-format\-contains\-nul\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-format-contains-nul"
+If \fB\-Wformat\fR is specified, do not warn about format strings that
+contain \s-1NUL\s0 bytes.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-format\-extra\-args\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-format-extra-args"
+If \fB\-Wformat\fR is specified, do not warn about excess arguments to a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`scanf\*(C'\fR format function.  The C standard specifies
+that such arguments are ignored.
+.Sp
+Where the unused arguments lie between used arguments that are
+specified with \fB$\fR operand number specifications, normally
+warnings are still given, since the implementation could not know what
+type to pass to \f(CW\*(C`va_arg\*(C'\fR to skip the unused arguments.  However,
+in the case of \f(CW\*(C`scanf\*(C'\fR formats, this option will suppress the
+warning if the unused arguments are all pointers, since the Single
+Unix Specification says that such unused arguments are allowed.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-format\-zero\-length\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-format-zero-length (C and Objective-C only)"
+If \fB\-Wformat\fR is specified, do not warn about zero-length formats.
+The C standard specifies that zero-length formats are allowed.
+.IP "\fB\-Wformat\-nonliteral\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wformat-nonliteral"
+If \fB\-Wformat\fR is specified, also warn if the format string is not a
+string literal and so cannot be checked, unless the format function
+takes its format arguments as a \f(CW\*(C`va_list\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wformat\-security\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wformat-security"
+If \fB\-Wformat\fR is specified, also warn about uses of format
+functions that represent possible security problems.  At present, this
+warns about calls to \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`scanf\*(C'\fR functions where the
+format string is not a string literal and there are no format arguments,
+as in \f(CW\*(C`printf (foo);\*(C'\fR.  This may be a security hole if the format
+string came from untrusted input and contains \fB\f(CB%n\fB\fR.  (This is
+currently a subset of what \fB\-Wformat\-nonliteral\fR warns about, but
+in future warnings may be added to \fB\-Wformat\-security\fR that are not
+included in \fB\-Wformat\-nonliteral\fR.)
+.IP "\fB\-Wformat=2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wformat=2"
+Enable \fB\-Wformat\fR plus format checks not included in
+\&\fB\-Wformat\fR.  Currently equivalent to \fB\-Wformat
+\&\-Wformat\-nonliteral \-Wformat\-security \-Wformat\-y2k\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wnonnull\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wnonnull (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn about passing a null pointer for arguments marked as
+requiring a non-null value by the \f(CW\*(C`nonnull\*(C'\fR function attribute.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Wnonnull\fR is included in \fB\-Wall\fR and \fB\-Wformat\fR.  It
+can be disabled with the \fB\-Wno\-nonnull\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-Winit\-self\fR (C, \*(C+, Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Winit-self (C, , Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+Warn about uninitialized variables which are initialized with themselves.
+Note this option can only be used with the \fB\-Wuninitialized\fR option.
+.Sp
+For example, \s-1GCC\s0 will warn about \f(CW\*(C`i\*(C'\fR being uninitialized in the
+following snippet only when \fB\-Winit\-self\fR has been specified:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        int f()
+\&        {
+\&          int i = i;
+\&          return i;
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-Wimplicit\-int\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wimplicit-int (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn when a declaration does not specify a type.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wimplicit\-function\-declaration\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wimplicit-function-declaration (C and Objective-C only)"
+Give a warning whenever a function is used before being declared. In
+C99 mode (\fB\-std=c99\fR or \fB\-std=gnu99\fR), this warning is
+enabled by default and it is made into an error by
+\&\fB\-pedantic\-errors\fR. This warning is also enabled by
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wimplicit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wimplicit"
+Same as \fB\-Wimplicit\-int\fR and \fB\-Wimplicit\-function\-declaration\fR.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wignored\-qualifiers\fR (C and \*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wignored-qualifiers (C and  only)"
+Warn if the return type of a function has a type qualifier
+such as \f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR.  For \s-1ISO\s0 C such a type qualifier has no effect,
+since the value returned by a function is not an lvalue.
+For \*(C+, the warning is only emitted for scalar types or \f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR.
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C prohibits qualified \f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR return types on function
+definitions, so such return types always receive a warning
+even without this option.
+.Sp
+This warning is also enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmain\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmain"
+Warn if the type of \fBmain\fR is suspicious.  \fBmain\fR should be
+a function with external linkage, returning int, taking either zero
+arguments, two, or three arguments of appropriate types.  This warning
+is enabled by default in \*(C+ and is enabled by either \fB\-Wall\fR
+or \fB\-pedantic\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-braces\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-braces"
+Warn if an aggregate or union initializer is not fully bracketed.  In
+the following example, the initializer for \fBa\fR is not fully
+bracketed, but that for \fBb\fR is fully bracketed.
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        int a[2][2] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+\&        int b[2][2] = { { 0, 1 }, { 2, 3 } };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-include\-dirs\fR (C, \*(C+, Objective-C and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-include-dirs (C, , Objective-C and Objective- only)"
+Warn if a user-supplied include directory does not exist.
+.IP "\fB\-Wparentheses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wparentheses"
+Warn if parentheses are omitted in certain contexts, such
+as when there is an assignment in a context where a truth value
+is expected, or when operators are nested whose precedence people
+often get confused about.
+.Sp
+Also warn if a comparison like \fBx<=y<=z\fR appears; this is
+equivalent to \fB(x<=y ? 1 : 0) <= z\fR, which is a different
+interpretation from that of ordinary mathematical notation.
+.Sp
+Also warn about constructions where there may be confusion to which
+\&\f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR statement an \f(CW\*(C`else\*(C'\fR branch belongs.  Here is an example of
+such a case:
+.Sp
+.Vb 7
+\&        {
+\&          if (a)
+\&            if (b)
+\&              foo ();
+\&          else
+\&            bar ();
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+In C/\*(C+, every \f(CW\*(C`else\*(C'\fR branch belongs to the innermost possible
+\&\f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR statement, which in this example is \f(CW\*(C`if (b)\*(C'\fR.  This is
+often not what the programmer expected, as illustrated in the above
+example by indentation the programmer chose.  When there is the
+potential for this confusion, \s-1GCC\s0 will issue a warning when this flag
+is specified.  To eliminate the warning, add explicit braces around
+the innermost \f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR statement so there is no way the \f(CW\*(C`else\*(C'\fR
+could belong to the enclosing \f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR.  The resulting code would
+look like this:
+.Sp
+.Vb 9
+\&        {
+\&          if (a)
+\&            {
+\&              if (b)
+\&                foo ();
+\&              else
+\&                bar ();
+\&            }
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsequence\-point\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsequence-point"
+Warn about code that may have undefined semantics because of violations
+of sequence point rules in the C and \*(C+ standards.
+.Sp
+The C and \*(C+ standards defines the order in which expressions in a C/\*(C+
+program are evaluated in terms of \fIsequence points\fR, which represent
+a partial ordering between the execution of parts of the program: those
+executed before the sequence point, and those executed after it.  These
+occur after the evaluation of a full expression (one which is not part
+of a larger expression), after the evaluation of the first operand of a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`&&\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`||\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`? :\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`,\*(C'\fR (comma) operator, before a
+function is called (but after the evaluation of its arguments and the
+expression denoting the called function), and in certain other places.
+Other than as expressed by the sequence point rules, the order of
+evaluation of subexpressions of an expression is not specified.  All
+these rules describe only a partial order rather than a total order,
+since, for example, if two functions are called within one expression
+with no sequence point between them, the order in which the functions
+are called is not specified.  However, the standards committee have
+ruled that function calls do not overlap.
+.Sp
+It is not specified when between sequence points modifications to the
+values of objects take effect.  Programs whose behavior depends on this
+have undefined behavior; the C and \*(C+ standards specify that \*(L"Between
+the previous and next sequence point an object shall have its stored
+value modified at most once by the evaluation of an expression.
+Furthermore, the prior value shall be read only to determine the value
+to be stored.\*(R".  If a program breaks these rules, the results on any
+particular implementation are entirely unpredictable.
+.Sp
+Examples of code with undefined behavior are \f(CW\*(C`a = a++;\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`a[n]
+= b[n++]\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`a[i++] = i;\*(C'\fR.  Some more complicated cases are not
+diagnosed by this option, and it may give an occasional false positive
+result, but in general it has been found fairly effective at detecting
+this sort of problem in programs.
+.Sp
+The standard is worded confusingly, therefore there is some debate
+over the precise meaning of the sequence point rules in subtle cases.
+Links to discussions of the problem, including proposed formal
+definitions, may be found on the \s-1GCC\s0 readings page, at
+<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html\fR>.
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR for C and \*(C+.
+.IP "\fB\-Wreturn\-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wreturn-type"
+Warn whenever a function is defined with a return-type that defaults
+to \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.  Also warn about any \f(CW\*(C`return\*(C'\fR statement with no
+return-value in a function whose return-type is not \f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR
+(falling off the end of the function body is considered returning
+without a value), and about a \f(CW\*(C`return\*(C'\fR statement with a
+expression in a function whose return-type is \f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+For \*(C+, a function without return type always produces a diagnostic
+message, even when \fB\-Wno\-return\-type\fR is specified.  The only
+exceptions are \fBmain\fR and functions defined in system headers.
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wswitch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wswitch"
+Warn whenever a \f(CW\*(C`switch\*(C'\fR statement has an index of enumerated type
+and lacks a \f(CW\*(C`case\*(C'\fR for one or more of the named codes of that
+enumeration.  (The presence of a \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR label prevents this
+warning.)  \f(CW\*(C`case\*(C'\fR labels outside the enumeration range also
+provoke warnings when this option is used.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wswitch\-default\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wswitch-default"
+Warn whenever a \f(CW\*(C`switch\*(C'\fR statement does not have a \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR
+case.
+.IP "\fB\-Wswitch\-enum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wswitch-enum"
+Warn whenever a \f(CW\*(C`switch\*(C'\fR statement has an index of enumerated type
+and lacks a \f(CW\*(C`case\*(C'\fR for one or more of the named codes of that
+enumeration.  \f(CW\*(C`case\*(C'\fR labels outside the enumeration range also
+provoke warnings when this option is used.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsync\-nand\fR (C and \*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsync-nand (C and  only)"
+Warn when \f(CW\*(C`_\|_sync_fetch_and_nand\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_sync_nand_and_fetch\*(C'\fR
+built-in functions are used.  These functions changed semantics in \s-1GCC\s0 4.4.
+.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wtrigraphs"
+Warn if any trigraphs are encountered that might change the meaning of
+the program (trigraphs within comments are not warned about).
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-function\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused-function"
+Warn whenever a static function is declared but not defined or a
+non-inline static function is unused.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-label\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused-label"
+Warn whenever a label is declared but not used.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.Sp
+To suppress this warning use the \fBunused\fR attribute.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-parameter\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused-parameter"
+Warn whenever a function parameter is unused aside from its declaration.
+.Sp
+To suppress this warning use the \fBunused\fR attribute.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-variable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused-variable"
+Warn whenever a local variable or non-constant static variable is unused
+aside from its declaration.
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.Sp
+To suppress this warning use the \fBunused\fR attribute.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-value\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused-value"
+Warn whenever a statement computes a result that is explicitly not
+used. To suppress this warning cast the unused expression to
+\&\fBvoid\fR. This includes an expression-statement or the left-hand
+side of a comma expression that contains no side effects. For example,
+an expression such as \fBx[i,j]\fR will cause a warning, while
+\&\fBx[(void)i,j]\fR will not.
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused"
+All the above \fB\-Wunused\fR options combined.
+.Sp
+In order to get a warning about an unused function parameter, you must
+either specify \fB\-Wextra \-Wunused\fR (note that \fB\-Wall\fR implies
+\&\fB\-Wunused\fR), or separately specify \fB\-Wunused\-parameter\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wuninitialized\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wuninitialized"
+Warn if an automatic variable is used without first being initialized
+or if a variable may be clobbered by a \f(CW\*(C`setjmp\*(C'\fR call. In \*(C+,
+warn if a non-static reference or non-static \fBconst\fR member
+appears in a class without constructors.
+.Sp
+If you want to warn about code which uses the uninitialized value of the
+variable in its own initializer, use the \fB\-Winit\-self\fR option.
+.Sp
+These warnings occur for individual uninitialized or clobbered
+elements of structure, union or array variables as well as for
+variables which are uninitialized or clobbered as a whole.  They do
+not occur for variables or elements declared \f(CW\*(C`volatile\*(C'\fR.  Because
+these warnings depend on optimization, the exact variables or elements
+for which there are warnings will depend on the precise optimization
+options and version of \s-1GCC\s0 used.
+.Sp
+Note that there may be no warning about a variable that is used only
+to compute a value that itself is never used, because such
+computations may be deleted by data flow analysis before the warnings
+are printed.
+.Sp
+These warnings are made optional because \s-1GCC\s0 is not smart
+enough to see all the reasons why the code might be correct
+despite appearing to have an error.  Here is one example of how
+this can happen:
+.Sp
+.Vb 12
+\&        {
+\&          int x;
+\&          switch (y)
+\&            {
+\&            case 1: x = 1;
+\&              break;
+\&            case 2: x = 4;
+\&              break;
+\&            case 3: x = 5;
+\&            }
+\&          foo (x);
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+If the value of \f(CW\*(C`y\*(C'\fR is always 1, 2 or 3, then \f(CW\*(C`x\*(C'\fR is
+always initialized, but \s-1GCC\s0 doesn't know this.  Here is
+another common case:
+.Sp
+.Vb 6
+\&        {
+\&          int save_y;
+\&          if (change_y) save_y = y, y = new_y;
+\&          ...
+\&          if (change_y) y = save_y;
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This has no bug because \f(CW\*(C`save_y\*(C'\fR is used only if it is set.
+.Sp
+This option also warns when a non-volatile automatic variable might be
+changed by a call to \f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR.  These warnings as well are possible
+only in optimizing compilation.
+.Sp
+The compiler sees only the calls to \f(CW\*(C`setjmp\*(C'\fR.  It cannot know
+where \f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR will be called; in fact, a signal handler could
+call it at any point in the code.  As a result, you may get a warning
+even when there is in fact no problem because \f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR cannot
+in fact be called at the place which would cause a problem.
+.Sp
+Some spurious warnings can be avoided if you declare all the functions
+you use that never return as \f(CW\*(C`noreturn\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR or \fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunknown\-pragmas\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunknown-pragmas"
+Warn when a #pragma directive is encountered which is not understood by
+\&\s-1GCC\s0.  If this command line option is used, warnings will even be issued
+for unknown pragmas in system header files.  This is not the case if
+the warnings were only enabled by the \fB\-Wall\fR command line option.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-pragmas\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-pragmas"
+Do not warn about misuses of pragmas, such as incorrect parameters,
+invalid syntax, or conflicts between pragmas.  See also
+\&\fB\-Wunknown\-pragmas\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-aliasing"
+This option is only active when \fB\-fstrict\-aliasing\fR is active.
+It warns about code which might break the strict aliasing rules that the
+compiler is using for optimization.  The warning does not catch all
+cases, but does attempt to catch the more common pitfalls.  It is
+included in \fB\-Wall\fR.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing=3\fR
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing=n\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-aliasing=n"
+This option is only active when \fB\-fstrict\-aliasing\fR is active.
+It warns about code which might break the strict aliasing rules that the
+compiler is using for optimization.
+Higher levels correspond to higher accuracy (fewer false positives).
+Higher levels also correspond to more effort, similar to the way \-O works.
+\&\fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing\fR is equivalent to \fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing=n\fR,
+with n=3.
+.Sp
+Level 1: Most aggressive, quick, least accurate.
+Possibly useful when higher levels
+do not warn but \-fstrict\-aliasing still breaks the code, as it has very few 
+false negatives.  However, it has many false positives.
+Warns for all pointer conversions between possibly incompatible types, 
+even if never dereferenced.  Runs in the frontend only.
+.Sp
+Level 2: Aggressive, quick, not too precise.
+May still have many false positives (not as many as level 1 though),
+and few false negatives (but possibly more than level 1).
+Unlike level 1, it only warns when an address is taken.  Warns about
+incomplete types.  Runs in the frontend only.
+.Sp
+Level 3 (default for \fB\-Wstrict\-aliasing\fR): 
+Should have very few false positives and few false 
+negatives.  Slightly slower than levels 1 or 2 when optimization is enabled.
+Takes care of the common punn+dereference pattern in the frontend:
+\&\f(CW\*(C`*(int*)&some_float\*(C'\fR.
+If optimization is enabled, it also runs in the backend, where it deals 
+with multiple statement cases using flow-sensitive points-to information.
+Only warns when the converted pointer is dereferenced.
+Does not warn about incomplete types.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow=n"
+.PD
+This option is only active when \fB\-fstrict\-overflow\fR is active.
+It warns about cases where the compiler optimizes based on the
+assumption that signed overflow does not occur.  Note that it does not
+warn about all cases where the code might overflow: it only warns
+about cases where the compiler implements some optimization.  Thus
+this warning depends on the optimization level.
+.Sp
+An optimization which assumes that signed overflow does not occur is
+perfectly safe if the values of the variables involved are such that
+overflow never does, in fact, occur.  Therefore this warning can
+easily give a false positive: a warning about code which is not
+actually a problem.  To help focus on important issues, several
+warning levels are defined.  No warnings are issued for the use of
+undefined signed overflow when estimating how many iterations a loop
+will require, in particular when determining whether a loop will be
+executed at all.
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow=1"
+Warn about cases which are both questionable and easy to avoid.  For
+example: \f(CW\*(C`x + 1 > x\*(C'\fR; with \fB\-fstrict\-overflow\fR, the
+compiler will simplify this to \f(CW1\fR.  This level of
+\&\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow\fR is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR; higher levels
+are not, and must be explicitly requested.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow=2"
+Also warn about other cases where a comparison is simplified to a
+constant.  For example: \f(CW\*(C`abs (x) >= 0\*(C'\fR.  This can only be
+simplified when \fB\-fstrict\-overflow\fR is in effect, because
+\&\f(CW\*(C`abs (INT_MIN)\*(C'\fR overflows to \f(CW\*(C`INT_MIN\*(C'\fR, which is less than
+zero.  \fB\-Wstrict\-overflow\fR (with no level) is the same as
+\&\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow=3"
+Also warn about other cases where a comparison is simplified.  For
+example: \f(CW\*(C`x + 1 > 1\*(C'\fR will be simplified to \f(CW\*(C`x > 0\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow=4"
+Also warn about other simplifications not covered by the above cases.
+For example: \f(CW\*(C`(x * 10) / 5\*(C'\fR will be simplified to \f(CW\*(C`x * 2\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-overflow=5\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-overflow=5"
+Also warn about cases where the compiler reduces the magnitude of a
+constant involved in a comparison.  For example: \f(CW\*(C`x + 2 > y\*(C'\fR will
+be simplified to \f(CW\*(C`x + 1 >= y\*(C'\fR.  This is reported only at the
+highest warning level because this simplification applies to many
+comparisons, so this warning level will give a very large number of
+false positives.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-Warray\-bounds\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Warray-bounds"
+This option is only active when \fB\-ftree\-vrp\fR is active
+(default for \-O2 and above). It warns about subscripts to arrays
+that are always out of bounds. This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-div\-by\-zero\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-div-by-zero"
+Do not warn about compile-time integer division by zero.  Floating point
+division by zero is not warned about, as it can be a legitimate way of
+obtaining infinities and NaNs.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsystem\-headers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsystem-headers"
+Print warning messages for constructs found in system header files.
+Warnings from system headers are normally suppressed, on the assumption
+that they usually do not indicate real problems and would only make the
+compiler output harder to read.  Using this command line option tells
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 to emit warnings from system headers as if they occurred in user
+code.  However, note that using \fB\-Wall\fR in conjunction with this
+option will \fInot\fR warn about unknown pragmas in system
+headers\-\-\-for that, \fB\-Wunknown\-pragmas\fR must also be used.
+.IP "\fB\-Wfloat\-equal\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wfloat-equal"
+Warn if floating point values are used in equality comparisons.
+.Sp
+The idea behind this is that sometimes it is convenient (for the
+programmer) to consider floating-point values as approximations to
+infinitely precise real numbers.  If you are doing this, then you need
+to compute (by analyzing the code, or in some other way) the maximum or
+likely maximum error that the computation introduces, and allow for it
+when performing comparisons (and when producing output, but that's a
+different problem).  In particular, instead of testing for equality, you
+would check to see whether the two values have ranges that overlap; and
+this is done with the relational operators, so equality comparisons are
+probably mistaken.
+.IP "\fB\-Wtraditional\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wtraditional (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C.  Also warn about \s-1ISO\s0 C constructs that have no traditional C
+equivalent, and/or problematic constructs which should be avoided.
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Macro parameters that appear within string literals in the macro body.
+In traditional C macro replacement takes place within string literals,
+but does not in \s-1ISO\s0 C.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+In traditional C, some preprocessor directives did not exist.
+Traditional preprocessors would only consider a line to be a directive
+if the \fB#\fR appeared in column 1 on the line.  Therefore
+\&\fB\-Wtraditional\fR warns about directives that traditional C
+understands but would ignore because the \fB#\fR does not appear as the
+first character on the line.  It also suggests you hide directives like
+\&\fB#pragma\fR not understood by traditional C by indenting them.  Some
+traditional implementations would not recognize \fB#elif\fR, so it
+suggests avoiding it altogether.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+A function-like macro that appears without arguments.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+The unary plus operator.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+The \fBU\fR integer constant suffix, or the \fBF\fR or \fBL\fR floating point
+constant suffixes.  (Traditional C does support the \fBL\fR suffix on integer
+constants.)  Note, these suffixes appear in macros defined in the system
+headers of most modern systems, e.g. the \fB_MIN\fR/\fB_MAX\fR macros in \f(CW\*(C`<limits.h>\*(C'\fR.
+Use of these macros in user code might normally lead to spurious
+warnings, however \s-1GCC\s0's integrated preprocessor has enough context to
+avoid warning in these cases.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+A function declared external in one block and then used after the end of
+the block.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+A \f(CW\*(C`switch\*(C'\fR statement has an operand of type \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+A non\-\f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR function declaration follows a \f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR one.
+This construct is not accepted by some traditional C compilers.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+The \s-1ISO\s0 type of an integer constant has a different width or
+signedness from its traditional type.  This warning is only issued if
+the base of the constant is ten.  I.e. hexadecimal or octal values, which
+typically represent bit patterns, are not warned about.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Usage of \s-1ISO\s0 string concatenation is detected.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Initialization of automatic aggregates.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Identifier conflicts with labels.  Traditional C lacks a separate
+namespace for labels.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Initialization of unions.  If the initializer is zero, the warning is
+omitted.  This is done under the assumption that the zero initializer in
+user code appears conditioned on e.g. \f(CW\*(C`_\|_STDC_\|_\*(C'\fR to avoid missing
+initializer warnings and relies on default initialization to zero in the
+traditional C case.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Conversions by prototypes between fixed/floating point values and vice
+versa.  The absence of these prototypes when compiling with traditional
+C would cause serious problems.  This is a subset of the possible
+conversion warnings, for the full set use \fB\-Wtraditional\-conversion\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Use of \s-1ISO\s0 C style function definitions.  This warning intentionally is
+\&\fInot\fR issued for prototype declarations or variadic functions
+because these \s-1ISO\s0 C features will appear in your code when using
+libiberty's traditional C compatibility macros, \f(CW\*(C`PARAMS\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`VPARAMS\*(C'\fR.  This warning is also bypassed for nested functions
+because that feature is already a \s-1GCC\s0 extension and thus not relevant to
+traditional C compatibility.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-Wtraditional\-conversion\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wtraditional-conversion (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn if a prototype causes a type conversion that is different from what
+would happen to the same argument in the absence of a prototype.  This
+includes conversions of fixed point to floating and vice versa, and
+conversions changing the width or signedness of a fixed point argument
+except when the same as the default promotion.
+.IP "\fB\-Wdeclaration\-after\-statement\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wdeclaration-after-statement (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn when a declaration is found after a statement in a block.  This
+construct, known from \*(C+, was introduced with \s-1ISO\s0 C99 and is by default
+allowed in \s-1GCC\s0.  It is not supported by \s-1ISO\s0 C90 and was not supported by
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 versions before \s-1GCC\s0 3.0.
+.IP "\fB\-Wundef\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wundef"
+Warn if an undefined identifier is evaluated in an \fB#if\fR directive.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-endif\-labels\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-endif-labels"
+Do not warn whenever an \fB#else\fR or an \fB#endif\fR are followed by text.
+.IP "\fB\-Wshadow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wshadow"
+Warn whenever a local variable shadows another local variable, parameter or
+global variable or whenever a built-in function is shadowed.
+.IP "\fB\-Wlarger\-than=\fR\fIlen\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wlarger-than=len"
+Warn whenever an object of larger than \fIlen\fR bytes is defined.
+.IP "\fB\-Wframe\-larger\-than=\fR\fIlen\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wframe-larger-than=len"
+Warn if the size of a function frame is larger than \fIlen\fR bytes.
+The computation done to determine the stack frame size is approximate
+and not conservative.
+The actual requirements may be somewhat greater than \fIlen\fR
+even if you do not get a warning.  In addition, any space allocated
+via \f(CW\*(C`alloca\*(C'\fR, variable-length arrays, or related constructs
+is not included by the compiler when determining
+whether or not to issue a warning.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunsafe\-loop\-optimizations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations"
+Warn if the loop cannot be optimized because the compiler could not
+assume anything on the bounds of the loop indices.  With
+\&\fB\-funsafe\-loop\-optimizations\fR warn if the compiler made
+such assumptions.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-pedantic\-ms\-format\fR (MinGW targets only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-pedantic-ms-format (MinGW targets only)"
+Disables the warnings about non-ISO \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR / \f(CW\*(C`scanf\*(C'\fR format
+width specifiers \f(CW\*(C`I32\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`I64\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`I\*(C'\fR used on Windows targets
+depending on the \s-1MS\s0 runtime, when you are using the options \fB\-Wformat\fR
+and \fB\-pedantic\fR without gnu-extensions.
+.IP "\fB\-Wpointer\-arith\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wpointer-arith"
+Warn about anything that depends on the \*(L"size of\*(R" a function type or
+of \f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR.  \s-1GNU\s0 C assigns these types a size of 1, for
+convenience in calculations with \f(CW\*(C`void *\*(C'\fR pointers and pointers
+to functions.  In \*(C+, warn also when an arithmetic operation involves
+\&\f(CW\*(C`NULL\*(C'\fR.  This warning is also enabled by \fB\-pedantic\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wtype\-limits\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wtype-limits"
+Warn if a comparison is always true or always false due to the limited
+range of the data type, but do not warn for constant expressions.  For
+example, warn if an unsigned variable is compared against zero with
+\&\fB<\fR or \fB>=\fR.  This warning is also enabled by
+\&\fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wbad\-function\-cast\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wbad-function-cast (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn whenever a function call is cast to a non-matching type.
+For example, warn if \f(CW\*(C`int malloc()\*(C'\fR is cast to \f(CW\*(C`anything *\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wc++\-compat\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wc++-compat (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn about \s-1ISO\s0 C constructs that are outside of the common subset of
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C and \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+, e.g. request for implicit conversion from
+\&\f(CW\*(C`void *\*(C'\fR to a pointer to non\-\f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR type.
+.IP "\fB\-Wc++0x\-compat\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wc++0x-compat ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn about \*(C+ constructs whose meaning differs between \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ 1998 and
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ 200x, e.g., identifiers in \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ 1998 that will become keywords
+in \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ 200x.  This warning is enabled by \fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wcast\-qual\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wcast-qual"
+Warn whenever a pointer is cast so as to remove a type qualifier from
+the target type.  For example, warn if a \f(CW\*(C`const char *\*(C'\fR is cast
+to an ordinary \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wcast\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wcast-align"
+Warn whenever a pointer is cast such that the required alignment of the
+target is increased.  For example, warn if a \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR is cast to
+an \f(CW\*(C`int *\*(C'\fR on machines where integers can only be accessed at
+two\- or four-byte boundaries.
+.IP "\fB\-Wwrite\-strings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wwrite-strings"
+When compiling C, give string constants the type \f(CW\*(C`const
+char[\f(CIlength\f(CW]\*(C'\fR so that copying the address of one into a
+non\-\f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR pointer will get a warning.  These
+warnings will help you find at compile time code that can try to write
+into a string constant, but only if you have been very careful about
+using \f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR in declarations and prototypes.  Otherwise, it will
+just be a nuisance. This is why we did not make \fB\-Wall\fR request
+these warnings.
+.Sp
+When compiling \*(C+, warn about the deprecated conversion from string
+literals to \f(CW\*(C`char *\*(C'\fR.  This warning is enabled by default for \*(C+
+programs.
+.IP "\fB\-Wclobbered\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wclobbered"
+Warn for variables that might be changed by \fBlongjmp\fR or
+\&\fBvfork\fR.  This warning is also enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wconversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wconversion"
+Warn for implicit conversions that may alter a value. This includes
+conversions between real and integer, like \f(CW\*(C`abs (x)\*(C'\fR when
+\&\f(CW\*(C`x\*(C'\fR is \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR; conversions between signed and unsigned,
+like \f(CW\*(C`unsigned ui = \-1\*(C'\fR; and conversions to smaller types, like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`sqrtf (M_PI)\*(C'\fR. Do not warn for explicit casts like \f(CW\*(C`abs
+((int) x)\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ui = (unsigned) \-1\*(C'\fR, or if the value is not
+changed by the conversion like in \f(CW\*(C`abs (2.0)\*(C'\fR.  Warnings about
+conversions between signed and unsigned integers can be disabled by
+using \fB\-Wno\-sign\-conversion\fR.
+.Sp
+For \*(C+, also warn for conversions between \f(CW\*(C`NULL\*(C'\fR and non-pointer
+types; confusing overload resolution for user-defined conversions; and
+conversions that will never use a type conversion operator:
+conversions to \f(CW\*(C`void\*(C'\fR, the same type, a base class or a reference
+to them. Warnings about conversions between signed and unsigned
+integers are disabled by default in \*(C+ unless
+\&\fB\-Wsign\-conversion\fR is explicitly enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-Wempty\-body\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wempty-body"
+Warn if an empty body occurs in an \fBif\fR, \fBelse\fR or \fBdo
+while\fR statement.  This warning is also enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wenum\-compare\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wenum-compare ( and Objective- only)"
+Warn about a comparison between values of different enum types. This
+warning is enabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsign\-compare\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsign-compare"
+Warn when a comparison between signed and unsigned values could produce
+an incorrect result when the signed value is converted to unsigned.
+This warning is also enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR; to get the other warnings
+of \fB\-Wextra\fR without this warning, use \fB\-Wextra \-Wno\-sign\-compare\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsign\-conversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsign-conversion"
+Warn for implicit conversions that may change the sign of an integer
+value, like assigning a signed integer expression to an unsigned
+integer variable. An explicit cast silences the warning. In C, this
+option is enabled also by \fB\-Wconversion\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Waddress\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Waddress"
+Warn about suspicious uses of memory addresses. These include using
+the address of a function in a conditional expression, such as
+\&\f(CW\*(C`void func(void); if (func)\*(C'\fR, and comparisons against the memory
+address of a string literal, such as \f(CW\*(C`if (x == "abc")\*(C'\fR.  Such
+uses typically indicate a programmer error: the address of a function
+always evaluates to true, so their use in a conditional usually
+indicate that the programmer forgot the parentheses in a function
+call; and comparisons against string literals result in unspecified
+behavior and are not portable in C, so they usually indicate that the
+programmer intended to use \f(CW\*(C`strcmp\*(C'\fR.  This warning is enabled by
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wlogical\-op\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wlogical-op"
+Warn about suspicious uses of logical operators in expressions.
+This includes using logical operators in contexts where a
+bit-wise operator is likely to be expected.
+.IP "\fB\-Waggregate\-return\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Waggregate-return"
+Warn if any functions that return structures or unions are defined or
+called.  (In languages where you can return an array, this also elicits
+a warning.)
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-attributes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-attributes"
+Do not warn if an unexpected \f(CW\*(C`_\|_attribute_\|_\*(C'\fR is used, such as
+unrecognized attributes, function attributes applied to variables,
+etc.  This will not stop errors for incorrect use of supported
+attributes.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-builtin\-macro\-redefined\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-builtin-macro-redefined"
+Do not warn if certain built-in macros are redefined.  This suppresses
+warnings for redefinition of \f(CW\*(C`_\|_TIMESTAMP_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_TIME_\|_\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_DATE_\|_\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_FILE_\|_\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_BASE_FILE_\|_\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstrict\-prototypes\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstrict-prototypes (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn if a function is declared or defined without specifying the
+argument types.  (An old-style function definition is permitted without
+a warning if preceded by a declaration which specifies the argument
+types.)
+.IP "\fB\-Wold\-style\-declaration\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wold-style-declaration (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn for obsolescent usages, according to the C Standard, in a
+declaration. For example, warn if storage-class specifiers like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR are not the first things in a declaration.  This warning
+is also enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wold\-style\-definition\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wold-style-definition (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn if an old-style function definition is used.  A warning is given
+even if there is a previous prototype.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-parameter\-type\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-parameter-type (C and Objective-C only)"
+A function parameter is declared without a type specifier in K&R\-style
+functions:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        void foo(bar) { }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This warning is also enabled by \fB\-Wextra\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-prototypes\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-prototypes (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn if a global function is defined without a previous prototype
+declaration.  This warning is issued even if the definition itself
+provides a prototype.  The aim is to detect global functions that fail
+to be declared in header files.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-declarations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-declarations"
+Warn if a global function is defined without a previous declaration.
+Do so even if the definition itself provides a prototype.
+Use this option to detect global functions that are not declared in
+header files.  In \*(C+, no warnings are issued for function templates,
+or for inline functions, or for functions in anonymous namespaces.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-field\-initializers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
+Warn if a structure's initializer has some fields missing.  For
+example, the following code would cause such a warning, because
+\&\f(CW\*(C`x.h\*(C'\fR is implicitly zero:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        struct s { int f, g, h; };
+\&        struct s x = { 3, 4 };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This option does not warn about designated initializers, so the following
+modification would not trigger a warning:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        struct s { int f, g, h; };
+\&        struct s x = { .f = 3, .g = 4 };
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This warning is included in \fB\-Wextra\fR.  To get other \fB\-Wextra\fR
+warnings without this one, use \fB\-Wextra \-Wno\-missing\-field\-initializers\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-noreturn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-noreturn"
+Warn about functions which might be candidates for attribute \f(CW\*(C`noreturn\*(C'\fR.
+Note these are only possible candidates, not absolute ones.  Care should
+be taken to manually verify functions actually do not ever return before
+adding the \f(CW\*(C`noreturn\*(C'\fR attribute, otherwise subtle code generation
+bugs could be introduced.  You will not get a warning for \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR in
+hosted C environments.
+.IP "\fB\-Wmissing\-format\-attribute\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wmissing-format-attribute"
+Warn about function pointers which might be candidates for \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR
+attributes.  Note these are only possible candidates, not absolute ones.
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 will guess that function pointers with \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR attributes that
+are used in assignment, initialization, parameter passing or return
+statements should have a corresponding \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR attribute in the
+resulting type.  I.e. the left-hand side of the assignment or
+initialization, the type of the parameter variable, or the return type
+of the containing function respectively should also have a \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR
+attribute to avoid the warning.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 will also warn about function definitions which might be
+candidates for \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR attributes.  Again, these are only
+possible candidates.  \s-1GCC\s0 will guess that \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR attributes
+might be appropriate for any function that calls a function like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vprintf\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`vscanf\*(C'\fR, but this might not always be the
+case, and some functions for which \f(CW\*(C`format\*(C'\fR attributes are
+appropriate may not be detected.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-multichar\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-multichar"
+Do not warn if a multicharacter constant (\fB'\s-1FOOF\s0'\fR) is used.
+Usually they indicate a typo in the user's code, as they have
+implementation-defined values, and should not be used in portable code.
+.IP "\fB\-Wnormalized=<none|id|nfc|nfkc>\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wnormalized=<none|id|nfc|nfkc>"
+In \s-1ISO\s0 C and \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+, two identifiers are different if they are
+different sequences of characters.  However, sometimes when characters
+outside the basic \s-1ASCII\s0 character set are used, you can have two
+different character sequences that look the same.  To avoid confusion,
+the \s-1ISO\s0 10646 standard sets out some \fInormalization rules\fR which
+when applied ensure that two sequences that look the same are turned into
+the same sequence.  \s-1GCC\s0 can warn you if you are using identifiers which
+have not been normalized; this option controls that warning.
+.Sp
+There are four levels of warning that \s-1GCC\s0 supports.  The default is
+\&\fB\-Wnormalized=nfc\fR, which warns about any identifier which is
+not in the \s-1ISO\s0 10646 \*(L"C\*(R" normalized form, \fI\s-1NFC\s0\fR.  \s-1NFC\s0 is the
+recommended form for most uses.
+.Sp
+Unfortunately, there are some characters which \s-1ISO\s0 C and \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ allow
+in identifiers that when turned into \s-1NFC\s0 aren't allowable as
+identifiers.  That is, there's no way to use these symbols in portable
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C or \*(C+ and have all your identifiers in \s-1NFC\s0.
+\&\fB\-Wnormalized=id\fR suppresses the warning for these characters.
+It is hoped that future versions of the standards involved will correct
+this, which is why this option is not the default.
+.Sp
+You can switch the warning off for all characters by writing
+\&\fB\-Wnormalized=none\fR.  You would only want to do this if you
+were using some other normalization scheme (like \*(L"D\*(R"), because
+otherwise you can easily create bugs that are literally impossible to see.
+.Sp
+Some characters in \s-1ISO\s0 10646 have distinct meanings but look identical
+in some fonts or display methodologies, especially once formatting has
+been applied.  For instance \f(CW\*(C`\eu207F\*(C'\fR, \*(L"\s-1SUPERSCRIPT\s0 \s-1LATIN\s0 \s-1SMALL\s0
+\&\s-1LETTER\s0 N\*(R", will display just like a regular \f(CW\*(C`n\*(C'\fR which has been
+placed in a superscript.  \s-1ISO\s0 10646 defines the \fI\s-1NFKC\s0\fR
+normalization scheme to convert all these into a standard form as
+well, and \s-1GCC\s0 will warn if your code is not in \s-1NFKC\s0 if you use
+\&\fB\-Wnormalized=nfkc\fR.  This warning is comparable to warning
+about every identifier that contains the letter O because it might be
+confused with the digit 0, and so is not the default, but may be
+useful as a local coding convention if the programming environment is
+unable to be fixed to display these characters distinctly.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-deprecated\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-deprecated"
+Do not warn about usage of deprecated features.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-deprecated\-declarations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-deprecated-declarations"
+Do not warn about uses of functions,
+variables, and types marked as deprecated by using the \f(CW\*(C`deprecated\*(C'\fR
+attribute.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-overflow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-overflow"
+Do not warn about compile-time overflow in constant expressions.
+.IP "\fB\-Woverride\-init\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Woverride-init (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn if an initialized field without side effects is overridden when
+using designated initializers.
+.Sp
+This warning is included in \fB\-Wextra\fR.  To get other
+\&\fB\-Wextra\fR warnings without this one, use \fB\-Wextra
+\&\-Wno\-override\-init\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wpacked\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wpacked"
+Warn if a structure is given the packed attribute, but the packed
+attribute has no effect on the layout or size of the structure.
+Such structures may be mis-aligned for little benefit.  For
+instance, in this code, the variable \f(CW\*(C`f.x\*(C'\fR in \f(CW\*(C`struct bar\*(C'\fR
+will be misaligned even though \f(CW\*(C`struct bar\*(C'\fR does not itself
+have the packed attribute:
+.Sp
+.Vb 8
+\&        struct foo {
+\&          int x;
+\&          char a, b, c, d;
+\&        } _\|_attribute_\|_((packed));
+\&        struct bar {
+\&          char z;
+\&          struct foo f;
+\&        };
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-Wpacked\-bitfield\-compat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wpacked-bitfield-compat"
+The 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 series of \s-1GCC\s0 ignore the \f(CW\*(C`packed\*(C'\fR attribute
+on bit-fields of type \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR.  This has been fixed in \s-1GCC\s0 4.4 but
+the change can lead to differences in the structure layout.  \s-1GCC\s0
+informs you when the offset of such a field has changed in \s-1GCC\s0 4.4.
+For example there is no longer a 4\-bit padding between field \f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR
+and \f(CW\*(C`b\*(C'\fR in this structure:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        struct foo
+\&        {
+\&          char a:4;
+\&          char b:8;
+\&        } _\|_attribute_\|_ ((packed));
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This warning is enabled by default.  Use
+\&\fB\-Wno\-packed\-bitfield\-compat\fR to disable this warning.
+.IP "\fB\-Wpadded\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wpadded"
+Warn if padding is included in a structure, either to align an element
+of the structure or to align the whole structure.  Sometimes when this
+happens it is possible to rearrange the fields of the structure to
+reduce the padding and so make the structure smaller.
+.IP "\fB\-Wredundant\-decls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wredundant-decls"
+Warn if anything is declared more than once in the same scope, even in
+cases where multiple declaration is valid and changes nothing.
+.IP "\fB\-Wnested\-externs\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wnested-externs (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn if an \f(CW\*(C`extern\*(C'\fR declaration is encountered within a function.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunreachable\-code\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunreachable-code"
+Warn if the compiler detects that code will never be executed.
+.Sp
+This option is intended to warn when the compiler detects that at
+least a whole line of source code will never be executed, because
+some condition is never satisfied or because it is after a
+procedure that never returns.
+.Sp
+It is possible for this option to produce a warning even though there
+are circumstances under which part of the affected line can be executed,
+so care should be taken when removing apparently-unreachable code.
+.Sp
+For instance, when a function is inlined, a warning may mean that the
+line is unreachable in only one inlined copy of the function.
+.Sp
+This option is not made part of \fB\-Wall\fR because in a debugging
+version of a program there is often substantial code which checks
+correct functioning of the program and is, hopefully, unreachable
+because the program does work.  Another common use of unreachable
+code is to provide behavior which is selectable at compile-time.
+.IP "\fB\-Winline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Winline"
+Warn if a function can not be inlined and it was declared as inline.
+Even with this option, the compiler will not warn about failures to
+inline functions declared in system headers.
+.Sp
+The compiler uses a variety of heuristics to determine whether or not
+to inline a function.  For example, the compiler takes into account
+the size of the function being inlined and the amount of inlining
+that has already been done in the current function.  Therefore,
+seemingly insignificant changes in the source program can cause the
+warnings produced by \fB\-Winline\fR to appear or disappear.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-invalid\-offsetof\fR (\*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-invalid-offsetof ( and Objective- only)"
+Suppress warnings from applying the \fBoffsetof\fR macro to a non-POD
+type.  According to the 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard, applying \fBoffsetof\fR
+to a non-POD type is undefined.  In existing \*(C+ implementations,
+however, \fBoffsetof\fR typically gives meaningful results even when
+applied to certain kinds of non-POD types. (Such as a simple
+\&\fBstruct\fR that fails to be a \s-1POD\s0 type only by virtue of having a
+constructor.)  This flag is for users who are aware that they are
+writing nonportable code and who have deliberately chosen to ignore the
+warning about it.
+.Sp
+The restrictions on \fBoffsetof\fR may be relaxed in a future version
+of the \*(C+ standard.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-int\-to\-pointer\-cast\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-int-to-pointer-cast (C and Objective-C only)"
+Suppress warnings from casts to pointer type of an integer of a
+different size.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-pointer\-to\-int\-cast\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-pointer-to-int-cast (C and Objective-C only)"
+Suppress warnings from casts from a pointer to an integer type of a
+different size.
+.IP "\fB\-Winvalid\-pch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Winvalid-pch"
+Warn if a precompiled header is found in
+the search path but can't be used.
+.IP "\fB\-Wlong\-long\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wlong-long"
+Warn if \fBlong long\fR type is used.  This is default.  To inhibit
+the warning messages, use \fB\-Wno\-long\-long\fR.  Flags
+\&\fB\-Wlong\-long\fR and \fB\-Wno\-long\-long\fR are taken into account
+only when \fB\-pedantic\fR flag is used.
+.IP "\fB\-Wvariadic\-macros\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wvariadic-macros"
+Warn if variadic macros are used in pedantic \s-1ISO\s0 C90 mode, or the \s-1GNU\s0
+alternate syntax when in pedantic \s-1ISO\s0 C99 mode.  This is default.
+To inhibit the warning messages, use \fB\-Wno\-variadic\-macros\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wvla\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wvla"
+Warn if variable length array is used in the code.
+\&\fB\-Wno\-vla\fR will prevent the \fB\-pedantic\fR warning of
+the variable length array.
+.IP "\fB\-Wvolatile\-register\-var\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wvolatile-register-var"
+Warn if a register variable is declared volatile.  The volatile
+modifier does not inhibit all optimizations that may eliminate reads
+and/or writes to register variables.  This warning is enabled by
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wdisabled\-optimization\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wdisabled-optimization"
+Warn if a requested optimization pass is disabled.  This warning does
+not generally indicate that there is anything wrong with your code; it
+merely indicates that \s-1GCC\s0's optimizers were unable to handle the code
+effectively.  Often, the problem is that your code is too big or too
+complex; \s-1GCC\s0 will refuse to optimize programs when the optimization
+itself is likely to take inordinate amounts of time.
+.IP "\fB\-Wpointer\-sign\fR (C and Objective-C only)" 4
+.IX Item "-Wpointer-sign (C and Objective-C only)"
+Warn for pointer argument passing or assignment with different signedness.
+This option is only supported for C and Objective-C.  It is implied by
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR and by \fB\-pedantic\fR, which can be disabled with
+\&\fB\-Wno\-pointer\-sign\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wstack\-protector\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wstack-protector"
+This option is only active when \fB\-fstack\-protector\fR is active.  It
+warns about functions that will not be protected against stack smashing.
+.IP "\fB\-Wno\-mudflap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wno-mudflap"
+Suppress warnings about constructs that cannot be instrumented by
+\&\fB\-fmudflap\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Woverlength\-strings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Woverlength-strings"
+Warn about string constants which are longer than the \*(L"minimum
+maximum\*(R" length specified in the C standard.  Modern compilers
+generally allow string constants which are much longer than the
+standard's minimum limit, but very portable programs should avoid
+using longer strings.
+.Sp
+The limit applies \fIafter\fR string constant concatenation, and does
+not count the trailing \s-1NUL\s0.  In C89, the limit was 509 characters; in
+C99, it was raised to 4095.  \*(C+98 does not specify a normative
+minimum maximum, so we do not diagnose overlength strings in \*(C+.
+.Sp
+This option is implied by \fB\-pedantic\fR, and can be disabled with
+\&\fB\-Wno\-overlength\-strings\fR.
+.Sh "Options for Debugging Your Program or \s-1GCC\s0"
+.IX Subsection "Options for Debugging Your Program or GCC"
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 has various special options that are used for debugging
+either your program or \s-1GCC:\s0
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-g"
+Produce debugging information in the operating system's native format
+(stabs, \s-1COFF\s0, \s-1XCOFF\s0, or \s-1DWARF\s0 2).  \s-1GDB\s0 can work with this debugging
+information.
+.Sp
+On most systems that use stabs format, \fB\-g\fR enables use of extra
+debugging information that only \s-1GDB\s0 can use; this extra information
+makes debugging work better in \s-1GDB\s0 but will probably make other debuggers
+crash or
+refuse to read the program.  If you want to control for certain whether
+to generate the extra information, use \fB\-gstabs+\fR, \fB\-gstabs\fR,
+\&\fB\-gxcoff+\fR, \fB\-gxcoff\fR, or \fB\-gvms\fR (see below).
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 allows you to use \fB\-g\fR with
+\&\fB\-O\fR.  The shortcuts taken by optimized code may occasionally
+produce surprising results: some variables you declared may not exist
+at all; flow of control may briefly move where you did not expect it;
+some statements may not be executed because they compute constant
+results or their values were already at hand; some statements may
+execute in different places because they were moved out of loops.
+.Sp
+Nevertheless it proves possible to debug optimized output.  This makes
+it reasonable to use the optimizer for programs that might have bugs.
+.Sp
+The following options are useful when \s-1GCC\s0 is generated with the
+capability for more than one debugging format.
+.IP "\fB\-ggdb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ggdb"
+Produce debugging information for use by \s-1GDB\s0.  This means to use the
+most expressive format available (\s-1DWARF\s0 2, stabs, or the native format
+if neither of those are supported), including \s-1GDB\s0 extensions if at all
+possible.
+.IP "\fB\-gstabs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gstabs"
+Produce debugging information in stabs format (if that is supported),
+without \s-1GDB\s0 extensions.  This is the format used by \s-1DBX\s0 on most \s-1BSD\s0
+systems.  On \s-1MIPS\s0, Alpha and System V Release 4 systems this option
+produces stabs debugging output which is not understood by \s-1DBX\s0 or \s-1SDB\s0.
+On System V Release 4 systems this option requires the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler.
+.IP "\fB\-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-symbols\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-feliminate-unused-debug-symbols"
+Produce debugging information in stabs format (if that is supported),
+for only symbols that are actually used.
+.IP "\fB\-femit\-class\-debug\-always\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-femit-class-debug-always"
+Instead of emitting debugging information for a \*(C+ class in only one
+object file, emit it in all object files using the class.  This option
+should be used only with debuggers that are unable to handle the way \s-1GCC\s0
+normally emits debugging information for classes because using this
+option will increase the size of debugging information by as much as a
+factor of two.
+.IP "\fB\-gstabs+\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gstabs+"
+Produce debugging information in stabs format (if that is supported),
+using \s-1GNU\s0 extensions understood only by the \s-1GNU\s0 debugger (\s-1GDB\s0).  The
+use of these extensions is likely to make other debuggers crash or
+refuse to read the program.
+.IP "\fB\-gcoff\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gcoff"
+Produce debugging information in \s-1COFF\s0 format (if that is supported).
+This is the format used by \s-1SDB\s0 on most System V systems prior to
+System V Release 4.
+.IP "\fB\-gxcoff\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gxcoff"
+Produce debugging information in \s-1XCOFF\s0 format (if that is supported).
+This is the format used by the \s-1DBX\s0 debugger on \s-1IBM\s0 \s-1RS/6000\s0 systems.
+.IP "\fB\-gxcoff+\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gxcoff+"
+Produce debugging information in \s-1XCOFF\s0 format (if that is supported),
+using \s-1GNU\s0 extensions understood only by the \s-1GNU\s0 debugger (\s-1GDB\s0).  The
+use of these extensions is likely to make other debuggers crash or
+refuse to read the program, and may cause assemblers other than the \s-1GNU\s0
+assembler (\s-1GAS\s0) to fail with an error.
+.IP "\fB\-gdwarf\-2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gdwarf-2"
+Produce debugging information in \s-1DWARF\s0 version 2 format (if that is
+supported).  This is the format used by \s-1DBX\s0 on \s-1IRIX\s0 6.  With this
+option, \s-1GCC\s0 uses features of \s-1DWARF\s0 version 3 when they are useful;
+version 3 is upward compatible with version 2, but may still cause
+problems for older debuggers.
+.IP "\fB\-gvms\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gvms"
+Produce debugging information in \s-1VMS\s0 debug format (if that is
+supported).  This is the format used by \s-1DEBUG\s0 on \s-1VMS\s0 systems.
+.IP "\fB\-g\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-glevel"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-ggdb\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ggdblevel"
+.IP "\fB\-gstabs\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gstabslevel"
+.IP "\fB\-gcoff\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gcofflevel"
+.IP "\fB\-gxcoff\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gxcofflevel"
+.IP "\fB\-gvms\fR\fIlevel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gvmslevel"
+.PD
+Request debugging information and also use \fIlevel\fR to specify how
+much information.  The default level is 2.
+.Sp
+Level 0 produces no debug information at all.  Thus, \fB\-g0\fR negates
+\&\fB\-g\fR.
+.Sp
+Level 1 produces minimal information, enough for making backtraces in
+parts of the program that you don't plan to debug.  This includes
+descriptions of functions and external variables, but no information
+about local variables and no line numbers.
+.Sp
+Level 3 includes extra information, such as all the macro definitions
+present in the program.  Some debuggers support macro expansion when
+you use \fB\-g3\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-gdwarf\-2\fR does not accept a concatenated debug level, because
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 used to support an option \fB\-gdwarf\fR that meant to generate
+debug information in version 1 of the \s-1DWARF\s0 format (which is very
+different from version 2), and it would have been too confusing.  That
+debug format is long obsolete, but the option cannot be changed now.
+Instead use an additional \fB\-g\fR\fIlevel\fR option to change the
+debug level for \s-1DWARF2\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-feliminate\-dwarf2\-dups\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-feliminate-dwarf2-dups"
+Compress \s-1DWARF2\s0 debugging information by eliminating duplicated
+information about each symbol.  This option only makes sense when
+generating \s-1DWARF2\s0 debugging information with \fB\-gdwarf\-2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-baseonly\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-femit-struct-debug-baseonly"
+Emit debug information for struct-like types
+only when the base name of the compilation source file
+matches the base name of file in which the struct was defined.
+.Sp
+This option substantially reduces the size of debugging information,
+but at significant potential loss in type information to the debugger.
+See \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-reduced\fR for a less aggressive option.
+See \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-detailed\fR for more detailed control.
+.Sp
+This option works only with \s-1DWARF\s0 2.
+.IP "\fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-reduced\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-femit-struct-debug-reduced"
+Emit debug information for struct-like types
+only when the base name of the compilation source file
+matches the base name of file in which the type was defined,
+unless the struct is a template or defined in a system header.
+.Sp
+This option significantly reduces the size of debugging information,
+with some potential loss in type information to the debugger.
+See \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-baseonly\fR for a more aggressive option.
+See \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-detailed\fR for more detailed control.
+.Sp
+This option works only with \s-1DWARF\s0 2.
+.IP "\fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-detailed\fR[\fB=\fR\fIspec-list\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "-femit-struct-debug-detailed[=spec-list]"
+Specify the struct-like types
+for which the compiler will generate debug information.
+The intent is to reduce duplicate struct debug information
+between different object files within the same program.
+.Sp
+This option is a detailed version of
+\&\fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-reduced\fR and \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-baseonly\fR,
+which will serve for most needs.
+.Sp
+A specification has the syntax
+[\fBdir:\fR|\fBind:\fR][\fBord:\fR|\fBgen:\fR](\fBany\fR|\fBsys\fR|\fBbase\fR|\fBnone\fR)
+.Sp
+The optional first word limits the specification to
+structs that are used directly (\fBdir:\fR) or used indirectly (\fBind:\fR).
+A struct type is used directly when it is the type of a variable, member.
+Indirect uses arise through pointers to structs.
+That is, when use of an incomplete struct would be legal, the use is indirect.
+An example is
+\&\fBstruct one direct; struct two * indirect;\fR.
+.Sp
+The optional second word limits the specification to
+ordinary structs (\fBord:\fR) or generic structs (\fBgen:\fR).
+Generic structs are a bit complicated to explain.
+For \*(C+, these are non-explicit specializations of template classes,
+or non-template classes within the above.
+Other programming languages have generics,
+but \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-detailed\fR does not yet implement them.
+.Sp
+The third word specifies the source files for those
+structs for which the compiler will emit debug information.
+The values \fBnone\fR and \fBany\fR have the normal meaning.
+The value \fBbase\fR means that
+the base of name of the file in which the type declaration appears
+must match the base of the name of the main compilation file.
+In practice, this means that
+types declared in \fIfoo.c\fR and \fIfoo.h\fR will have debug information,
+but types declared in other header will not.
+The value \fBsys\fR means those types satisfying \fBbase\fR
+or declared in system or compiler headers.
+.Sp
+You may need to experiment to determine the best settings for your application.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-femit\-struct\-debug\-detailed=all\fR.
+.Sp
+This option works only with \s-1DWARF\s0 2.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-merge\-debug\-strings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-merge-debug-strings"
+Direct the linker to not merge together strings in the debugging
+information which are identical in different object files.  Merging is
+not supported by all assemblers or linkers.  Merging decreases the size
+of the debug information in the output file at the cost of increasing
+link processing time.  Merging is enabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-fdebug\-prefix\-map=\fR\fIold\fR\fB=\fR\fInew\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdebug-prefix-map=old=new"
+When compiling files in directory \fI\fIold\fI\fR, record debugging
+information describing them as in \fI\fInew\fI\fR instead.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-dwarf2\-cfi\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm"
+Emit \s-1DWARF\s0 2 unwind info as compiler generated \f(CW\*(C`.eh_frame\*(C'\fR section
+instead of using \s-1GAS\s0 \f(CW\*(C`.cfi_*\*(C'\fR directives.
+.IP "\fB\-p\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-p"
+Generate extra code to write profile information suitable for the
+analysis program \fBprof\fR.  You must use this option when compiling
+the source files you want data about, and you must also use it when
+linking.
+.IP "\fB\-pg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pg"
+Generate extra code to write profile information suitable for the
+analysis program \fBgprof\fR.  You must use this option when compiling
+the source files you want data about, and you must also use it when
+linking.
+.IP "\fB\-Q\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Q"
+Makes the compiler print out each function name as it is compiled, and
+print some statistics about each pass when it finishes.
+.IP "\fB\-ftime\-report\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftime-report"
+Makes the compiler print some statistics about the time consumed by each
+pass when it finishes.
+.IP "\fB\-fmem\-report\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmem-report"
+Makes the compiler print some statistics about permanent memory
+allocation when it finishes.
+.IP "\fB\-fpre\-ipa\-mem\-report\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpre-ipa-mem-report"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fpost\-ipa\-mem\-report\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpost-ipa-mem-report"
+.PD
+Makes the compiler print some statistics about permanent memory
+allocation before or after interprocedural optimization.
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-arcs"
+Add code so that program flow \fIarcs\fR are instrumented.  During
+execution the program records how many times each branch and call is
+executed and how many times it is taken or returns.  When the compiled
+program exits it saves this data to a file called
+\&\fI\fIauxname\fI.gcda\fR for each source file.  The data may be used for
+profile-directed optimizations (\fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR), or for
+test coverage analysis (\fB\-ftest\-coverage\fR).  Each object file's
+\&\fIauxname\fR is generated from the name of the output file, if
+explicitly specified and it is not the final executable, otherwise it is
+the basename of the source file.  In both cases any suffix is removed
+(e.g. \fIfoo.gcda\fR for input file \fIdir/foo.c\fR, or
+\&\fIdir/foo.gcda\fR for output file specified as \fB\-o dir/foo.o\fR).
+.IP "\fB\-\-coverage\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--coverage"
+This option is used to compile and link code instrumented for coverage
+analysis.  The option is a synonym for \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR
+\&\fB\-ftest\-coverage\fR (when compiling) and \fB\-lgcov\fR (when
+linking).  See the documentation for those options for more details.
+.RS 4
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Compile the source files with \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR plus optimization
+and code generation options.  For test coverage analysis, use the
+additional \fB\-ftest\-coverage\fR option.  You do not need to profile
+every source file in a program.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Link your object files with \fB\-lgcov\fR or \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR
+(the latter implies the former).
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+Run the program on a representative workload to generate the arc profile
+information.  This may be repeated any number of times.  You can run
+concurrent instances of your program, and provided that the file system
+supports locking, the data files will be correctly updated.  Also
+\&\f(CW\*(C`fork\*(C'\fR calls are detected and correctly handled (double counting
+will not happen).
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+For profile-directed optimizations, compile the source files again with
+the same optimization and code generation options plus
+\&\fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR.
+.IP "\(bu" 4
+For test coverage analysis, use \fBgcov\fR to produce human readable
+information from the \fI.gcno\fR and \fI.gcda\fR files.  Refer to the
+\&\fBgcov\fR documentation for further information.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+With \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR, for each function of your program \s-1GCC\s0
+creates a program flow graph, then finds a spanning tree for the graph.
+Only arcs that are not on the spanning tree have to be instrumented: the
+compiler adds code to count the number of times that these arcs are
+executed.  When an arc is the only exit or only entrance to a block, the
+instrumentation code can be added to the block; otherwise, a new basic
+block must be created to hold the instrumentation code.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-ftest\-coverage\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftest-coverage"
+Produce a notes file that the \fBgcov\fR code-coverage utility can use to
+show program coverage.  Each source file's note file is called
+\&\fI\fIauxname\fI.gcno\fR.  Refer to the \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR option
+above for a description of \fIauxname\fR and instructions on how to
+generate test coverage data.  Coverage data will match the source files
+more closely, if you do not optimize.
+.IP "\fB\-fdbg\-cnt\-list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdbg-cnt-list"
+Print the name and the counter upperbound for all debug counters.
+.IP "\fB\-fdbg\-cnt=\fR\fIcounter-value-list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdbg-cnt=counter-value-list"
+Set the internal debug counter upperbound. \fIcounter-value-list\fR 
+is a comma-separated list of \fIname\fR:\fIvalue\fR pairs
+which sets the upperbound of each debug counter \fIname\fR to \fIvalue\fR.
+All debug counters have the initial upperbound of \fI\s-1UINT_MAX\s0\fR,
+thus \fIdbg_cnt()\fR returns true always unless the upperbound is set by this option.
+e.g. With \-fdbg\-cnt=dce:10,tail_call:0
+dbg_cnt(dce) will return true only for first 10 invocations
+and dbg_cnt(tail_call) will return false always.
+.IP "\fB\-d\fR\fIletters\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dletters"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-\fR\fIpass\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-pass"
+.PD
+Says to make debugging dumps during compilation at times specified by
+\&\fIletters\fR.    This is used for debugging the RTL-based passes of the
+compiler.  The file names for most of the dumps are made by appending a
+pass number and a word to the \fIdumpname\fR.  \fIdumpname\fR is generated
+from the name of the output file, if explicitly specified and it is not
+an executable, otherwise it is the basename of the source file. These
+switches may have different effects when \fB\-E\fR is used for
+preprocessing.
+.Sp
+Debug dumps can be enabled with a \fB\-fdump\-rtl\fR switch or some
+\&\fB\-d\fR option \fIletters\fR.  Here are the possible
+letters for use in \fIpass\fR and \fIletters\fR, and their meanings:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-alignments\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-alignments"
+Dump after branch alignments have been computed.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-asmcons\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-asmcons"
+Dump after fixing rtl statements that have unsatisfied in/out constraints.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-auto_inc_dec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-auto_inc_dec"
+Dump after auto-inc-dec discovery.  This pass is only run on
+architectures that have auto inc or auto dec instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-barriers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-barriers"
+Dump after cleaning up the barrier instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-bbpart\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-bbpart"
+Dump after partitioning hot and cold basic blocks.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-bbro\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-bbro"
+Dump after block reordering.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-btl1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-btl1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-btl2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-btl2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-btl1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-btl2\fR enable dumping
+after the two branch
+target load optimization passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-bypass\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-bypass"
+Dump after jump bypassing and control flow optimizations.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-combine\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-combine"
+Dump after the \s-1RTL\s0 instruction combination pass.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-compgotos\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-compgotos"
+Dump after duplicating the computed gotos.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ce1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-ce1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ce2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-ce2"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ce3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-ce3"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ce1\fR, \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ce2\fR, and
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ce3\fR enable dumping after the three
+if conversion passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-cprop_hardreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-cprop_hardreg"
+Dump after hard register copy propagation.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-csa\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-csa"
+Dump after combining stack adjustments.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-cse1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-cse1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-cse2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-cse2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-cse1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-cse2\fR enable dumping after
+the two common sub-expression elimination passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dce\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-dce"
+Dump after the standalone dead code elimination passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dbr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-dbr"
+Dump after delayed branch scheduling.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dce1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-dce1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dce2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-dce2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dce1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dce2\fR enable dumping after
+the two dead store elimination passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-eh\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-eh"
+Dump after finalization of \s-1EH\s0 handling code.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-eh_ranges\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-eh_ranges"
+Dump after conversion of \s-1EH\s0 handling range regions.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-expand\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-expand"
+Dump after \s-1RTL\s0 generation.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-fwprop1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-fwprop1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-fwprop2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-fwprop2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-fwprop1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-fwprop2\fR enable
+dumping after the two forward propagation passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-gcse1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-gcse1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-gcse2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-gcse2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-gcse1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-gcse2\fR enable dumping
+after global common subexpression elimination.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-init\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-init-regs"
+Dump after the initialization of the registers.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-initvals\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-initvals"
+Dump after the computation of the initial value sets.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-into_cfglayout\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-into_cfglayout"
+Dump after converting to cfglayout mode.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-ira\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-ira"
+Dump after iterated register allocation.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-jump\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-jump"
+Dump after the second jump optimization.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-loop2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-loop2"
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-loop2\fR enables dumping after the rtl
+loop optimization passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-mach\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-mach"
+Dump after performing the machine dependent reorganization pass, if that
+pass exists.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-mode_sw\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-mode_sw"
+Dump after removing redundant mode switches.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-rnreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-rnreg"
+Dump after register renumbering.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-outof_cfglayout\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-outof_cfglayout"
+Dump after converting from cfglayout mode.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-peephole2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-peephole2"
+Dump after the peephole pass.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-postreload\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-postreload"
+Dump after post-reload optimizations.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-pro_and_epilogue\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-pro_and_epilogue"
+Dump after generating the function pro and epilogues.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-regmove\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-regmove"
+Dump after the register move pass.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-sched1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-sched2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched2\fR enable dumping
+after the basic block scheduling passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-see\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-see"
+Dump after sign extension elimination.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-seqabstr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-seqabstr"
+Dump after common sequence discovery.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-shorten\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-shorten"
+Dump after shortening branches.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sibling\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-sibling"
+Dump after sibling call optimizations.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-split1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-split2"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-split3"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-split4"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split5\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-split5"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split1\fR, \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split2\fR,
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split3\fR, \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split4\fR and
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-split5\fR enable dumping after five rounds of
+instruction splitting.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sms\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-sms"
+Dump after modulo scheduling.  This pass is only run on some
+architectures.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-stack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-stack"
+Dump after conversion from \s-1GCC\s0's \*(L"flat register file\*(R" registers to the
+x87's stack-like registers.  This pass is only run on x86 variants.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-subreg1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-subreg1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-subreg2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-subreg2"
+.PD
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-subreg1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-subreg2\fR enable dumping after
+the two subreg expansion passes.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-unshare\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-unshare"
+Dump after all rtl has been unshared.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-vartrack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-vartrack"
+Dump after variable tracking.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-vregs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-vregs"
+Dump after converting virtual registers to hard registers.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-web\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-web"
+Dump after live range splitting.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-regclass\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-regclass"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-subregs_of_mode_init\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-subregs_of_mode_init"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-subregs_of_mode_finish\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-subregs_of_mode_finish"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dfinit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-dfinit"
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-dfinish\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-dfinish"
+.PD
+These dumps are defined but always produce empty files.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-rtl-all"
+Produce all the dumps listed above.
+.IP "\fB\-dA\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dA"
+Annotate the assembler output with miscellaneous debugging information.
+.IP "\fB\-dD\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dD"
+Dump all macro definitions, at the end of preprocessing, in addition to
+normal output.
+.IP "\fB\-dH\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dH"
+Produce a core dump whenever an error occurs.
+.IP "\fB\-dm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dm"
+Print statistics on memory usage, at the end of the run, to
+standard error.
+.IP "\fB\-dp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dp"
+Annotate the assembler output with a comment indicating which
+pattern and alternative was used.  The length of each instruction is
+also printed.
+.IP "\fB\-dP\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dP"
+Dump the \s-1RTL\s0 in the assembler output as a comment before each instruction.
+Also turns on \fB\-dp\fR annotation.
+.IP "\fB\-dv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dv"
+For each of the other indicated dump files (\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-\fR\fIpass\fR),
+dump a representation of the control flow graph suitable for viewing with \s-1VCG\s0
+to \fI\fIfile\fI.\fIpass\fI.vcg\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-dx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dx"
+Just generate \s-1RTL\s0 for a function instead of compiling it.  Usually used
+with \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-expand\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-dy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dy"
+Dump debugging information during parsing, to standard error.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-noaddr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-noaddr"
+When doing debugging dumps, suppress address output.  This makes it more
+feasible to use diff on debugging dumps for compiler invocations with
+different compiler binaries and/or different
+text / bss / data / heap / stack / dso start locations.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-unnumbered\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-unnumbered"
+When doing debugging dumps, suppress instruction numbers and address output.
+This makes it more feasible to use diff on debugging dumps for compiler
+invocations with different options, in particular with and without
+\&\fB\-g\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-translation\-unit\fR (\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-translation-unit ( only)"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-translation\-unit\-\fR\fIoptions\fR\fB \fR(\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-translation-unit-options ( only)"
+.PD
+Dump a representation of the tree structure for the entire translation
+unit to a file.  The file name is made by appending \fI.tu\fR to the
+source file name.  If the \fB\-\fR\fIoptions\fR form is used, \fIoptions\fR
+controls the details of the dump as described for the
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-class\-hierarchy\fR (\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-class-hierarchy ( only)"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-class\-hierarchy\-\fR\fIoptions\fR\fB \fR(\*(C+ only)" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-class-hierarchy-options ( only)"
+.PD
+Dump a representation of each class's hierarchy and virtual function
+table layout to a file.  The file name is made by appending \fI.class\fR
+to the source file name.  If the \fB\-\fR\fIoptions\fR form is used,
+\&\fIoptions\fR controls the details of the dump as described for the
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-ipa\-\fR\fIswitch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-ipa-switch"
+Control the dumping at various stages of inter-procedural analysis
+language tree to a file.  The file name is generated by appending a switch
+specific suffix to the source file name.  The following dumps are possible:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "all"
+Enables all inter-procedural analysis dumps.
+.IP "\fBcgraph\fR" 4
+.IX Item "cgraph"
+Dumps information about call-graph optimization, unused function removal,
+and inlining decisions.
+.IP "\fBinline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "inline"
+Dump after function inlining.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-statistics\-\fR\fIoption\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-statistics-option"
+Enable and control dumping of pass statistics in a separate file.  The
+file name is generated by appending a suffix ending in \fB.statistics\fR
+to the source file name.  If the \fB\-\fR\fIoption\fR form is used,
+\&\fB\-stats\fR will cause counters to be summed over the whole compilation unit
+while \fB\-details\fR will dump every event as the passes generate them.
+The default with no option is to sum counters for each function compiled.
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-tree\-\fR\fIswitch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-tree-switch"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdump\-tree\-\fR\fIswitch\fR\fB\-\fR\fIoptions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdump-tree-switch-options"
+.PD
+Control the dumping at various stages of processing the intermediate
+language tree to a file.  The file name is generated by appending a switch
+specific suffix to the source file name.  If the \fB\-\fR\fIoptions\fR
+form is used, \fIoptions\fR is a list of \fB\-\fR separated options that
+control the details of the dump.  Not all options are applicable to all
+dumps, those which are not meaningful will be ignored.  The following
+options are available
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBaddress\fR" 4
+.IX Item "address"
+Print the address of each node.  Usually this is not meaningful as it
+changes according to the environment and source file.  Its primary use
+is for tying up a dump file with a debug environment.
+.IP "\fBslim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "slim"
+Inhibit dumping of members of a scope or body of a function merely
+because that scope has been reached.  Only dump such items when they
+are directly reachable by some other path.  When dumping pretty-printed
+trees, this option inhibits dumping the bodies of control structures.
+.IP "\fBraw\fR" 4
+.IX Item "raw"
+Print a raw representation of the tree.  By default, trees are
+pretty-printed into a C\-like representation.
+.IP "\fBdetails\fR" 4
+.IX Item "details"
+Enable more detailed dumps (not honored by every dump option).
+.IP "\fBstats\fR" 4
+.IX Item "stats"
+Enable dumping various statistics about the pass (not honored by every dump
+option).
+.IP "\fBblocks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "blocks"
+Enable showing basic block boundaries (disabled in raw dumps).
+.IP "\fBvops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "vops"
+Enable showing virtual operands for every statement.
+.IP "\fBlineno\fR" 4
+.IX Item "lineno"
+Enable showing line numbers for statements.
+.IP "\fBuid\fR" 4
+.IX Item "uid"
+Enable showing the unique \s-1ID\s0 (\f(CW\*(C`DECL_UID\*(C'\fR) for each variable.
+.IP "\fBverbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "verbose"
+Enable showing the tree dump for each statement.
+.IP "\fBall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "all"
+Turn on all options, except \fBraw\fR, \fBslim\fR, \fBverbose\fR
+and \fBlineno\fR.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+The following tree dumps are possible:
+.IP "\fBoriginal\fR" 4
+.IX Item "original"
+Dump before any tree based optimization, to \fI\fIfile\fI.original\fR.
+.IP "\fBoptimized\fR" 4
+.IX Item "optimized"
+Dump after all tree based optimization, to \fI\fIfile\fI.optimized\fR.
+.IP "\fBgimple\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gimple"
+Dump each function before and after the gimplification pass to a file.  The
+file name is made by appending \fI.gimple\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBcfg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "cfg"
+Dump the control flow graph of each function to a file.  The file name is
+made by appending \fI.cfg\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBvcg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "vcg"
+Dump the control flow graph of each function to a file in \s-1VCG\s0 format.  The
+file name is made by appending \fI.vcg\fR to the source file name.  Note
+that if the file contains more than one function, the generated file cannot
+be used directly by \s-1VCG\s0.  You will need to cut and paste each function's
+graph into its own separate file first.
+.IP "\fBch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ch"
+Dump each function after copying loop headers.  The file name is made by
+appending \fI.ch\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBssa\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ssa"
+Dump \s-1SSA\s0 related information to a file.  The file name is made by appending
+\&\fI.ssa\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBalias\fR" 4
+.IX Item "alias"
+Dump aliasing information for each function.  The file name is made by
+appending \fI.alias\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBccp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ccp"
+Dump each function after \s-1CCP\s0.  The file name is made by appending
+\&\fI.ccp\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBstoreccp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "storeccp"
+Dump each function after STORE-CCP.  The file name is made by appending
+\&\fI.storeccp\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBpre\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pre"
+Dump trees after partial redundancy elimination.  The file name is made
+by appending \fI.pre\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBfre\fR" 4
+.IX Item "fre"
+Dump trees after full redundancy elimination.  The file name is made
+by appending \fI.fre\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBcopyprop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "copyprop"
+Dump trees after copy propagation.  The file name is made
+by appending \fI.copyprop\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBstore_copyprop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "store_copyprop"
+Dump trees after store copy-propagation.  The file name is made
+by appending \fI.store_copyprop\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBdce\fR" 4
+.IX Item "dce"
+Dump each function after dead code elimination.  The file name is made by
+appending \fI.dce\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBmudflap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "mudflap"
+Dump each function after adding mudflap instrumentation.  The file name is
+made by appending \fI.mudflap\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBsra\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sra"
+Dump each function after performing scalar replacement of aggregates.  The
+file name is made by appending \fI.sra\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBsink\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sink"
+Dump each function after performing code sinking.  The file name is made
+by appending \fI.sink\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBdom\fR" 4
+.IX Item "dom"
+Dump each function after applying dominator tree optimizations.  The file
+name is made by appending \fI.dom\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBdse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "dse"
+Dump each function after applying dead store elimination.  The file
+name is made by appending \fI.dse\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBphiopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "phiopt"
+Dump each function after optimizing \s-1PHI\s0 nodes into straightline code.  The file
+name is made by appending \fI.phiopt\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBforwprop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "forwprop"
+Dump each function after forward propagating single use variables.  The file
+name is made by appending \fI.forwprop\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBcopyrename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "copyrename"
+Dump each function after applying the copy rename optimization.  The file
+name is made by appending \fI.copyrename\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBnrv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "nrv"
+Dump each function after applying the named return value optimization on
+generic trees.  The file name is made by appending \fI.nrv\fR to the source
+file name.
+.IP "\fBvect\fR" 4
+.IX Item "vect"
+Dump each function after applying vectorization of loops.  The file name is
+made by appending \fI.vect\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBvrp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "vrp"
+Dump each function after Value Range Propagation (\s-1VRP\s0).  The file name
+is made by appending \fI.vrp\fR to the source file name.
+.IP "\fBall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "all"
+Enable all the available tree dumps with the flags provided in this option.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-vectorizer\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-vectorizer-verbose=n"
+This option controls the amount of debugging output the vectorizer prints.
+This information is written to standard error, unless
+\&\fB\-fdump\-tree\-all\fR or \fB\-fdump\-tree\-vect\fR is specified,
+in which case it is output to the usual dump listing file, \fI.vect\fR.
+For \fIn\fR=0 no diagnostic information is reported.
+If \fIn\fR=1 the vectorizer reports each loop that got vectorized,
+and the total number of loops that got vectorized.
+If \fIn\fR=2 the vectorizer also reports non-vectorized loops that passed
+the first analysis phase (vect_analyze_loop_form) \- i.e. countable,
+inner-most, single-bb, single\-entry/exit loops.  This is the same verbosity
+level that \fB\-fdump\-tree\-vect\-stats\fR uses.
+Higher verbosity levels mean either more information dumped for each
+reported loop, or same amount of information reported for more loops:
+If \fIn\fR=3, alignment related information is added to the reports.
+If \fIn\fR=4, data-references related information (e.g. memory dependences,
+memory access-patterns) is added to the reports.
+If \fIn\fR=5, the vectorizer reports also non-vectorized inner-most loops
+that did not pass the first analysis phase (i.e., may not be countable, or
+may have complicated control-flow).
+If \fIn\fR=6, the vectorizer reports also non-vectorized nested loops.
+For \fIn\fR=7, all the information the vectorizer generates during its
+analysis and transformation is reported.  This is the same verbosity level
+that \fB\-fdump\-tree\-vect\-details\fR uses.
+.IP "\fB\-frandom\-seed=\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frandom-seed=string"
+This option provides a seed that \s-1GCC\s0 uses when it would otherwise use
+random numbers.  It is used to generate certain symbol names
+that have to be different in every compiled file.  It is also used to
+place unique stamps in coverage data files and the object files that
+produce them.  You can use the \fB\-frandom\-seed\fR option to produce
+reproducibly identical object files.
+.Sp
+The \fIstring\fR should be different for every file you compile.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-verbose=n"
+On targets that use instruction scheduling, this option controls the
+amount of debugging output the scheduler prints.  This information is
+written to standard error, unless \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched1\fR or
+\&\fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched2\fR is specified, in which case it is output
+to the usual dump listing file, \fI.sched\fR or \fI.sched2\fR
+respectively.  However for \fIn\fR greater than nine, the output is
+always printed to standard error.
+.Sp
+For \fIn\fR greater than zero, \fB\-fsched\-verbose\fR outputs the
+same information as \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched1\fR and \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-sched2\fR.
+For \fIn\fR greater than one, it also output basic block probabilities,
+detailed ready list information and unit/insn info.  For \fIn\fR greater
+than two, it includes \s-1RTL\s0 at abort point, control-flow and regions info.
+And for \fIn\fR over four, \fB\-fsched\-verbose\fR also includes
+dependence info.
+.IP "\fB\-save\-temps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-save-temps"
+Store the usual \*(L"temporary\*(R" intermediate files permanently; place them
+in the current directory and name them based on the source file.  Thus,
+compiling \fIfoo.c\fR with \fB\-c \-save\-temps\fR would produce files
+\&\fIfoo.i\fR and \fIfoo.s\fR, as well as \fIfoo.o\fR.  This creates a
+preprocessed \fIfoo.i\fR output file even though the compiler now
+normally uses an integrated preprocessor.
+.Sp
+When used in combination with the \fB\-x\fR command line option,
+\&\fB\-save\-temps\fR is sensible enough to avoid over writing an
+input source file with the same extension as an intermediate file.
+The corresponding intermediate file may be obtained by renaming the
+source file before using \fB\-save\-temps\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-time\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-time"
+Report the \s-1CPU\s0 time taken by each subprocess in the compilation
+sequence.  For C source files, this is the compiler proper and assembler
+(plus the linker if linking is done).  The output looks like this:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        # cc1 0.12 0.01
+\&        # as 0.00 0.01
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The first number on each line is the \*(L"user time\*(R", that is time spent
+executing the program itself.  The second number is \*(L"system time\*(R",
+time spent executing operating system routines on behalf of the program.
+Both numbers are in seconds.
+.IP "\fB\-fvar\-tracking\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvar-tracking"
+Run variable tracking pass.  It computes where variables are stored at each
+position in code.  Better debugging information is then generated
+(if the debugging information format supports this information).
+.Sp
+It is enabled by default when compiling with optimization (\fB\-Os\fR,
+\&\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, ...), debugging information (\fB\-g\fR) and
+the debug info format supports it.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-file\-name=\fR\fIlibrary\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-file-name=library"
+Print the full absolute name of the library file \fIlibrary\fR that
+would be used when linking\-\-\-and don't do anything else.  With this
+option, \s-1GCC\s0 does not compile or link anything; it just prints the
+file name.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-multi\-directory\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-multi-directory"
+Print the directory name corresponding to the multilib selected by any
+other switches present in the command line.  This directory is supposed
+to exist in \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-multi\-lib\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-multi-lib"
+Print the mapping from multilib directory names to compiler switches
+that enable them.  The directory name is separated from the switches by
+\&\fB;\fR, and each switch starts with an \fB@} instead of the
+\&\f(CB@samp\fB{\-\fR, without spaces between multiple switches.  This is supposed to
+ease shell-processing.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-prog\-name=\fR\fIprogram\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-prog-name=program"
+Like \fB\-print\-file\-name\fR, but searches for a program such as \fBcpp\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-libgcc\-file\-name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-libgcc-file-name"
+Same as \fB\-print\-file\-name=libgcc.a\fR.
+.Sp
+This is useful when you use \fB\-nostdlib\fR or \fB\-nodefaultlibs\fR
+but you do want to link with \fIlibgcc.a\fR.  You can do
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        gcc \-nostdlib <files>... \`gcc \-print\-libgcc\-file\-name\`
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-print\-search\-dirs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-search-dirs"
+Print the name of the configured installation directory and a list of
+program and library directories \fBgcc\fR will search\-\-\-and don't do anything else.
+.Sp
+This is useful when \fBgcc\fR prints the error message
+\&\fBinstallation problem, cannot exec cpp0: No such file or directory\fR.
+To resolve this you either need to put \fIcpp0\fR and the other compiler
+components where \fBgcc\fR expects to find them, or you can set the environment
+variable \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR to the directory where you installed them.
+Don't forget the trailing \fB/\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-sysroot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-sysroot"
+Print the target sysroot directory that will be used during
+compilation.  This is the target sysroot specified either at configure
+time or using the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option, possibly with an extra
+suffix that depends on compilation options.  If no target sysroot is
+specified, the option prints nothing.
+.IP "\fB\-print\-sysroot\-headers\-suffix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-print-sysroot-headers-suffix"
+Print the suffix added to the target sysroot when searching for
+headers, or give an error if the compiler is not configured with such
+a suffix\-\-\-and don't do anything else.
+.IP "\fB\-dumpmachine\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dumpmachine"
+Print the compiler's target machine (for example,
+\&\fBi686\-pc\-linux\-gnu\fR)\-\-\-and don't do anything else.
+.IP "\fB\-dumpversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dumpversion"
+Print the compiler version (for example, \fB3.0\fR)\-\-\-and don't do
+anything else.
+.IP "\fB\-dumpspecs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dumpspecs"
+Print the compiler's built-in specs\-\-\-and don't do anything else.  (This
+is used when \s-1GCC\s0 itself is being built.)
+.IP "\fB\-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-types\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-feliminate-unused-debug-types"
+Normally, when producing \s-1DWARF2\s0 output, \s-1GCC\s0 will emit debugging
+information for all types declared in a compilation
+unit, regardless of whether or not they are actually used
+in that compilation unit.  Sometimes this is useful, such as
+if, in the debugger, you want to cast a value to a type that is
+not actually used in your program (but is declared).  More often,
+however, this results in a significant amount of wasted space.
+With this option, \s-1GCC\s0 will avoid producing debug symbol output
+for types that are nowhere used in the source file being compiled.
+.Sh "Options That Control Optimization"
+.IX Subsection "Options That Control Optimization"
+These options control various sorts of optimizations.
+.PP
+Without any optimization option, the compiler's goal is to reduce the
+cost of compilation and to make debugging produce the expected
+results.  Statements are independent: if you stop the program with a
+breakpoint between statements, you can then assign a new value to any
+variable or change the program counter to any other statement in the
+function and get exactly the results you would expect from the source
+code.
+.PP
+Turning on optimization flags makes the compiler attempt to improve
+the performance and/or code size at the expense of compilation time
+and possibly the ability to debug the program.
+.PP
+The compiler performs optimization based on the knowledge it has of the
+program.  Compiling multiple files at once to a single output file mode allows
+the compiler to use information gained from all of the files when compiling
+each of them.
+.PP
+Not all optimizations are controlled directly by a flag.  Only
+optimizations that have a flag are listed.
+.IP "\fB\-O\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-O"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-O1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-O1"
+.PD
+Optimize.  Optimizing compilation takes somewhat more time, and a lot
+more memory for a large function.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-O\fR, the compiler tries to reduce code size and execution
+time, without performing any optimizations that take a great deal of
+compilation time.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-O\fR turns on the following optimization flags:
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fauto\-inc\-dec 
+\&\-fcprop\-registers 
+\&\-fdce 
+\&\-fdefer\-pop 
+\&\-fdelayed\-branch 
+\&\-fdse 
+\&\-fguess\-branch\-probability 
+\&\-fif\-conversion2 
+\&\-fif\-conversion 
+\&\-finline\-small\-functions 
+\&\-fipa\-pure\-const 
+\&\-fipa\-reference 
+\&\-fmerge\-constants
+\&\-fsplit\-wide\-types 
+\&\-ftree\-builtin\-call\-dce 
+\&\-ftree\-ccp 
+\&\-ftree\-ch 
+\&\-ftree\-copyrename 
+\&\-ftree\-dce 
+\&\-ftree\-dominator\-opts 
+\&\-ftree\-dse 
+\&\-ftree\-fre 
+\&\-ftree\-sra 
+\&\-ftree\-ter 
+\&\-funit\-at\-a\-time\fR
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-O\fR also turns on \fB\-fomit\-frame\-pointer\fR on machines
+where doing so does not interfere with debugging.
+.IP "\fB\-O2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-O2"
+Optimize even more.  \s-1GCC\s0 performs nearly all supported optimizations
+that do not involve a space-speed tradeoff.
+As compared to \fB\-O\fR, this option increases both compilation time
+and the performance of the generated code.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-O2\fR turns on all optimization flags specified by \fB\-O\fR.  It
+also turns on the following optimization flags:
+\&\fB\-fthread\-jumps 
+\&\-falign\-functions  \-falign\-jumps 
+\&\-falign\-loops  \-falign\-labels 
+\&\-fcaller\-saves 
+\&\-fcrossjumping 
+\&\-fcse\-follow\-jumps  \-fcse\-skip\-blocks 
+\&\-fdelete\-null\-pointer\-checks 
+\&\-fexpensive\-optimizations 
+\&\-fgcse  \-fgcse\-lm  
+\&\-findirect\-inlining 
+\&\-foptimize\-sibling\-calls 
+\&\-fpeephole2 
+\&\-fregmove 
+\&\-freorder\-blocks  \-freorder\-functions 
+\&\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop  
+\&\-fsched\-interblock  \-fsched\-spec 
+\&\-fschedule\-insns  \-fschedule\-insns2 
+\&\-fstrict\-aliasing \-fstrict\-overflow 
+\&\-ftree\-switch\-conversion 
+\&\-ftree\-pre 
+\&\-ftree\-vrp\fR
+.Sp
+Please note the warning under \fB\-fgcse\fR about
+invoking \fB\-O2\fR on programs that use computed gotos.
+.IP "\fB\-O3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-O3"
+Optimize yet more.  \fB\-O3\fR turns on all optimizations specified
+by \fB\-O2\fR and also turns on the \fB\-finline\-functions\fR,
+\&\fB\-funswitch\-loops\fR, \fB\-fpredictive\-commoning\fR,
+\&\fB\-fgcse\-after\-reload\fR and \fB\-ftree\-vectorize\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-O0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-O0"
+Reduce compilation time and make debugging produce the expected
+results.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-Os\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Os"
+Optimize for size.  \fB\-Os\fR enables all \fB\-O2\fR optimizations that
+do not typically increase code size.  It also performs further
+optimizations designed to reduce code size.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Os\fR disables the following optimization flags:
+\&\fB\-falign\-functions  \-falign\-jumps  \-falign\-loops 
+\&\-falign\-labels  \-freorder\-blocks  \-freorder\-blocks\-and\-partition 
+\&\-fprefetch\-loop\-arrays  \-ftree\-vect\-loop\-version\fR
+.Sp
+If you use multiple \fB\-O\fR options, with or without level numbers,
+the last such option is the one that is effective.
+.PP
+Options of the form \fB\-f\fR\fIflag\fR specify machine-independent
+flags.  Most flags have both positive and negative forms; the negative
+form of \fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno\-foo\fR.  In the table
+below, only one of the forms is listed\-\-\-the one you typically will
+use.  You can figure out the other form by either removing \fBno\-\fR
+or adding it.
+.PP
+The following options control specific optimizations.  They are either
+activated by \fB\-O\fR options or are related to ones that are.  You
+can use the following flags in the rare cases when \*(L"fine-tuning\*(R" of
+optimizations to be performed is desired.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-default\-inline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-default-inline"
+Do not make member functions inline by default merely because they are
+defined inside the class scope (\*(C+ only).  Otherwise, when you specify
+\&\fB\-O\fR, member functions defined inside class scope are compiled
+inline by default; i.e., you don't need to add \fBinline\fR in front of
+the member function name.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-defer\-pop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-defer-pop"
+Always pop the arguments to each function call as soon as that function
+returns.  For machines which must pop arguments after a function call,
+the compiler normally lets arguments accumulate on the stack for several
+function calls and pops them all at once.
+.Sp
+Disabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fforward\-propagate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fforward-propagate"
+Perform a forward propagation pass on \s-1RTL\s0.  The pass tries to combine two
+instructions and checks if the result can be simplified.  If loop unrolling
+is active, two passes are performed and the second is scheduled after
+loop unrolling.
+.Sp
+This option is enabled by default at optimization levels \fB\-O2\fR,
+\&\fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fomit\-frame\-pointer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fomit-frame-pointer"
+Don't keep the frame pointer in a register for functions that
+don't need one.  This avoids the instructions to save, set up and
+restore frame pointers; it also makes an extra register available
+in many functions.  \fBIt also makes debugging impossible on
+some machines.\fR
+.Sp
+On some machines, such as the \s-1VAX\s0, this flag has no effect, because
+the standard calling sequence automatically handles the frame pointer
+and nothing is saved by pretending it doesn't exist.  The
+machine-description macro \f(CW\*(C`FRAME_POINTER_REQUIRED\*(C'\fR controls
+whether a target machine supports this flag.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-foptimize\-sibling\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-foptimize-sibling-calls"
+Optimize sibling and tail recursive calls.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-inline\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-inline"
+Don't pay attention to the \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR keyword.  Normally this option
+is used to keep the compiler from expanding any functions inline.
+Note that if you are not optimizing, no functions can be expanded inline.
+.IP "\fB\-finline\-small\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finline-small-functions"
+Integrate functions into their callers when their body is smaller than expected
+function call code (so overall size of program gets smaller).  The compiler
+heuristically decides which functions are simple enough to be worth integrating
+in this way.
+.Sp
+Enabled at level \fB\-O2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-findirect\-inlining\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-findirect-inlining"
+Inline also indirect calls that are discovered to be known at compile
+time thanks to previous inlining.  This option has any effect only
+when inlining itself is turned on by the \fB\-finline\-functions\fR
+or \fB\-finline\-small\-functions\fR options.
+.Sp
+Enabled at level \fB\-O2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-finline\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finline-functions"
+Integrate all simple functions into their callers.  The compiler
+heuristically decides which functions are simple enough to be worth
+integrating in this way.
+.Sp
+If all calls to a given function are integrated, and the function is
+declared \f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR, then the function is normally not output as
+assembler code in its own right.
+.Sp
+Enabled at level \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-finline\-functions\-called\-once\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finline-functions-called-once"
+Consider all \f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR functions called once for inlining into their
+caller even if they are not marked \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR.  If a call to a given
+function is integrated, then the function is not output as assembler code
+in its own right.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O1\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR and \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fearly\-inlining\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fearly-inlining"
+Inline functions marked by \f(CW\*(C`always_inline\*(C'\fR and functions whose body seems
+smaller than the function call overhead early before doing
+\&\fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR instrumentation and real inlining pass.  Doing so
+makes profiling significantly cheaper and usually inlining faster on programs
+having large chains of nested wrapper functions.
+.Sp
+Enabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-finline\-limit=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finline-limit=n"
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 limits the size of functions that can be inlined.  This flag
+allows coarse control of this limit.  \fIn\fR is the size of functions that
+can be inlined in number of pseudo instructions.
+.Sp
+Inlining is actually controlled by a number of parameters, which may be
+specified individually by using \fB\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR.
+The \fB\-finline\-limit=\fR\fIn\fR option sets some of these parameters
+as follows:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-insns-single\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-insns-single"
+is set to \fIn\fR/2.
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-insns-auto\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-insns-auto"
+is set to \fIn\fR/2.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+See below for a documentation of the individual
+parameters controlling inlining and for the defaults of these parameters.
+.Sp
+\&\fINote:\fR there may be no value to \fB\-finline\-limit\fR that results
+in default behavior.
+.Sp
+\&\fINote:\fR pseudo instruction represents, in this particular context, an
+abstract measurement of function's size.  In no way does it represent a count
+of assembly instructions and as such its exact meaning might change from one
+release to an another.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fkeep\-inline\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fkeep-inline-functions"
+In C, emit \f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR functions that are declared \f(CW\*(C`inline\*(C'\fR
+into the object file, even if the function has been inlined into all
+of its callers.  This switch does not affect functions using the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`extern inline\*(C'\fR extension in \s-1GNU\s0 C89.  In \*(C+, emit any and all
+inline functions into the object file.
+.IP "\fB\-fkeep\-static\-consts\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fkeep-static-consts"
+Emit variables declared \f(CW\*(C`static const\*(C'\fR when optimization isn't turned
+on, even if the variables aren't referenced.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 enables this option by default.  If you want to force the compiler to
+check if the variable was referenced, regardless of whether or not
+optimization is turned on, use the \fB\-fno\-keep\-static\-consts\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-fmerge\-constants\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmerge-constants"
+Attempt to merge identical constants (string constants and floating point
+constants) across compilation units.
+.Sp
+This option is the default for optimized compilation if the assembler and
+linker support it.  Use \fB\-fno\-merge\-constants\fR to inhibit this
+behavior.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fmerge\-all\-constants\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmerge-all-constants"
+Attempt to merge identical constants and identical variables.
+.Sp
+This option implies \fB\-fmerge\-constants\fR.  In addition to
+\&\fB\-fmerge\-constants\fR this considers e.g. even constant initialized
+arrays or initialized constant variables with integral or floating point
+types.  Languages like C or \*(C+ require each variable, including multiple
+instances of the same variable in recursive calls, to have distinct locations,
+so using this option will result in non-conforming
+behavior.
+.IP "\fB\-fmodulo\-sched\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmodulo-sched"
+Perform swing modulo scheduling immediately before the first scheduling
+pass.  This pass looks at innermost loops and reorders their
+instructions by overlapping different iterations.
+.IP "\fB\-fmodulo\-sched\-allow\-regmoves\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmodulo-sched-allow-regmoves"
+Perform more aggressive \s-1SMS\s0 based modulo scheduling with register moves
+allowed.  By setting this flag certain anti-dependences edges will be
+deleted which will trigger the generation of reg-moves based on the
+life-range analysis.  This option is effective only with
+\&\fB\-fmodulo\-sched\fR enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-branch\-count\-reg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-branch-count-reg"
+Do not use \*(L"decrement and branch\*(R" instructions on a count register,
+but instead generate a sequence of instructions that decrement a
+register, compare it against zero, then branch based upon the result.
+This option is only meaningful on architectures that support such
+instructions, which include x86, PowerPC, \s-1IA\-64\s0 and S/390.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fbranch\-count\-reg\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-function\-cse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-function-cse"
+Do not put function addresses in registers; make each instruction that
+calls a constant function contain the function's address explicitly.
+.Sp
+This option results in less efficient code, but some strange hacks
+that alter the assembler output may be confused by the optimizations
+performed when this option is not used.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-ffunction\-cse\fR
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-zero\-initialized\-in\-bss\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-zero-initialized-in-bss"
+If the target supports a \s-1BSS\s0 section, \s-1GCC\s0 by default puts variables that
+are initialized to zero into \s-1BSS\s0.  This can save space in the resulting
+code.
+.Sp
+This option turns off this behavior because some programs explicitly
+rely on variables going to the data section.  E.g., so that the
+resulting executable can find the beginning of that section and/or make
+assumptions based on that.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fzero\-initialized\-in\-bss\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fmudflap \-fmudflapth \-fmudflapir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmudflap -fmudflapth -fmudflapir"
+For front-ends that support it (C and \*(C+), instrument all risky
+pointer/array dereferencing operations, some standard library
+string/heap functions, and some other associated constructs with
+range/validity tests.  Modules so instrumented should be immune to
+buffer overflows, invalid heap use, and some other classes of C/\*(C+
+programming errors.  The instrumentation relies on a separate runtime
+library (\fIlibmudflap\fR), which will be linked into a program if
+\&\fB\-fmudflap\fR is given at link time.  Run-time behavior of the
+instrumented program is controlled by the \fB\s-1MUDFLAP_OPTIONS\s0\fR
+environment variable.  See \f(CW\*(C`env MUDFLAP_OPTIONS=\-help a.out\*(C'\fR
+for its options.
+.Sp
+Use \fB\-fmudflapth\fR instead of \fB\-fmudflap\fR to compile and to
+link if your program is multi-threaded.  Use \fB\-fmudflapir\fR, in
+addition to \fB\-fmudflap\fR or \fB\-fmudflapth\fR, if
+instrumentation should ignore pointer reads.  This produces less
+instrumentation (and therefore faster execution) and still provides
+some protection against outright memory corrupting writes, but allows
+erroneously read data to propagate within a program.
+.IP "\fB\-fthread\-jumps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fthread-jumps"
+Perform optimizations where we check to see if a jump branches to a
+location where another comparison subsumed by the first is found.  If
+so, the first branch is redirected to either the destination of the
+second branch or a point immediately following it, depending on whether
+the condition is known to be true or false.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fsplit\-wide\-types\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsplit-wide-types"
+When using a type that occupies multiple registers, such as \f(CW\*(C`long
+long\*(C'\fR on a 32\-bit system, split the registers apart and allocate them
+independently.  This normally generates better code for those types,
+but may make debugging more difficult.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR,
+\&\fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fcse\-follow\-jumps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcse-follow-jumps"
+In common subexpression elimination (\s-1CSE\s0), scan through jump instructions
+when the target of the jump is not reached by any other path.  For
+example, when \s-1CSE\s0 encounters an \f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR statement with an
+\&\f(CW\*(C`else\*(C'\fR clause, \s-1CSE\s0 will follow the jump when the condition
+tested is false.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fcse\-skip\-blocks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcse-skip-blocks"
+This is similar to \fB\-fcse\-follow\-jumps\fR, but causes \s-1CSE\s0 to
+follow jumps which conditionally skip over blocks.  When \s-1CSE\s0
+encounters a simple \f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR statement with no else clause,
+\&\fB\-fcse\-skip\-blocks\fR causes \s-1CSE\s0 to follow the jump around the
+body of the \f(CW\*(C`if\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frerun-cse-after-loop"
+Re-run common subexpression elimination after loop optimizations has been
+performed.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fgcse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgcse"
+Perform a global common subexpression elimination pass.
+This pass also performs global constant and copy propagation.
+.Sp
+\&\fINote:\fR When compiling a program using computed gotos, a \s-1GCC\s0
+extension, you may get better runtime performance if you disable
+the global common subexpression elimination pass by adding
+\&\fB\-fno\-gcse\fR to the command line.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fgcse\-lm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgcse-lm"
+When \fB\-fgcse\-lm\fR is enabled, global common subexpression elimination will
+attempt to move loads which are only killed by stores into themselves.  This
+allows a loop containing a load/store sequence to be changed to a load outside
+the loop, and a copy/store within the loop.
+.Sp
+Enabled by default when gcse is enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-fgcse\-sm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgcse-sm"
+When \fB\-fgcse\-sm\fR is enabled, a store motion pass is run after
+global common subexpression elimination.  This pass will attempt to move
+stores out of loops.  When used in conjunction with \fB\-fgcse\-lm\fR,
+loops containing a load/store sequence can be changed to a load before
+the loop and a store after the loop.
+.Sp
+Not enabled at any optimization level.
+.IP "\fB\-fgcse\-las\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgcse-las"
+When \fB\-fgcse\-las\fR is enabled, the global common subexpression
+elimination pass eliminates redundant loads that come after stores to the
+same memory location (both partial and full redundancies).
+.Sp
+Not enabled at any optimization level.
+.IP "\fB\-fgcse\-after\-reload\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fgcse-after-reload"
+When \fB\-fgcse\-after\-reload\fR is enabled, a redundant load elimination
+pass is performed after reload.  The purpose of this pass is to cleanup
+redundant spilling.
+.IP "\fB\-funsafe\-loop\-optimizations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funsafe-loop-optimizations"
+If given, the loop optimizer will assume that loop indices do not
+overflow, and that the loops with nontrivial exit condition are not
+infinite.  This enables a wider range of loop optimizations even if
+the loop optimizer itself cannot prove that these assumptions are valid.
+Using \fB\-Wunsafe\-loop\-optimizations\fR, the compiler will warn you
+if it finds this kind of loop.
+.IP "\fB\-fcrossjumping\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcrossjumping"
+Perform cross-jumping transformation.  This transformation unifies equivalent code and save code size.  The
+resulting code may or may not perform better than without cross-jumping.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fauto\-inc\-dec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fauto-inc-dec"
+Combine increments or decrements of addresses with memory accesses.
+This pass is always skipped on architectures that do not have
+instructions to support this.  Enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and
+higher on architectures that support this.
+.IP "\fB\-fdce\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdce"
+Perform dead code elimination (\s-1DCE\s0) on \s-1RTL\s0.
+Enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fdse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdse"
+Perform dead store elimination (\s-1DSE\s0) on \s-1RTL\s0.
+Enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fif\-conversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fif-conversion"
+Attempt to transform conditional jumps into branch-less equivalents.  This
+include use of conditional moves, min, max, set flags and abs instructions, and
+some tricks doable by standard arithmetics.  The use of conditional execution
+on chips where it is available is controlled by \f(CW\*(C`if\-conversion2\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fif\-conversion2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fif-conversion2"
+Use conditional execution (where available) to transform conditional jumps into
+branch-less equivalents.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fdelete\-null\-pointer\-checks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdelete-null-pointer-checks"
+Use global dataflow analysis to identify and eliminate useless checks
+for null pointers.  The compiler assumes that dereferencing a null
+pointer would have halted the program.  If a pointer is checked after
+it has already been dereferenced, it cannot be null.
+.Sp
+In some environments, this assumption is not true, and programs can
+safely dereference null pointers.  Use
+\&\fB\-fno\-delete\-null\-pointer\-checks\fR to disable this optimization
+for programs which depend on that behavior.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fexpensive\-optimizations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fexpensive-optimizations"
+Perform a number of minor optimizations that are relatively expensive.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-foptimize\-register\-move\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-foptimize-register-move"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fregmove\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fregmove"
+.PD
+Attempt to reassign register numbers in move instructions and as
+operands of other simple instructions in order to maximize the amount of
+register tying.  This is especially helpful on machines with two-operand
+instructions.
+.Sp
+Note \fB\-fregmove\fR and \fB\-foptimize\-register\-move\fR are the same
+optimization.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fira\-algorithm=\fR\fIalgorithm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fira-algorithm=algorithm"
+Use specified coloring algorithm for the integrated register
+allocator.  The \fIalgorithm\fR argument should be \f(CW\*(C`priority\*(C'\fR or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`CB\*(C'\fR.  The first algorithm specifies Chow's priority coloring,
+the second one specifies Chaitin-Briggs coloring.  The second
+algorithm can be unimplemented for some architectures.  If it is
+implemented, it is the default because Chaitin-Briggs coloring as a
+rule generates a better code.
+.IP "\fB\-fira\-region=\fR\fIregion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fira-region=region"
+Use specified regions for the integrated register allocator.  The
+\&\fIregion\fR argument should be one of \f(CW\*(C`all\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mixed\*(C'\fR, or
+\&\f(CW\*(C`one\*(C'\fR.  The first value means using all loops as register
+allocation regions, the second value which is the default means using
+all loops except for loops with small register pressure as the
+regions, and third one means using all function as a single region.
+The first value can give best result for machines with small size and
+irregular register set, the third one results in faster and generates
+decent code and the smallest size code, and the default value usually
+give the best results in most cases and for most architectures.
+.IP "\fB\-fira\-coalesce\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fira-coalesce"
+Do optimistic register coalescing.  This option might be profitable for
+architectures with big regular register files.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-ira\-share\-save\-slots\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-ira-share-save-slots"
+Switch off sharing stack slots used for saving call used hard
+registers living through a call.  Each hard register will get a
+separate stack slot and as a result function stack frame will be
+bigger.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-ira\-share\-spill\-slots\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-ira-share-spill-slots"
+Switch off sharing stack slots allocated for pseudo-registers.  Each
+pseudo-register which did not get a hard register will get a separate
+stack slot and as a result function stack frame will be bigger.
+.IP "\fB\-fira\-verbose=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fira-verbose=n"
+Set up how verbose dump file for the integrated register allocator
+will be.  Default value is 5.  If the value is greater or equal to 10,
+the dump file will be stderr as if the value were \fIn\fR minus 10.
+.IP "\fB\-fdelayed\-branch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdelayed-branch"
+If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions
+to exploit instruction slots available after delayed branch
+instructions.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fschedule\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fschedule-insns"
+If supported for the target machine, attempt to reorder instructions to
+eliminate execution stalls due to required data being unavailable.  This
+helps machines that have slow floating point or memory load instructions
+by allowing other instructions to be issued until the result of the load
+or floating point instruction is required.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fschedule\-insns2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fschedule-insns2"
+Similar to \fB\-fschedule\-insns\fR, but requests an additional pass of
+instruction scheduling after register allocation has been done.  This is
+especially useful on machines with a relatively small number of
+registers and where memory load instructions take more than one cycle.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-sched\-interblock\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-sched-interblock"
+Don't schedule instructions across basic blocks.  This is normally
+enabled by default when scheduling before register allocation, i.e.
+with \fB\-fschedule\-insns\fR or at \fB\-O2\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-sched\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-sched-spec"
+Don't allow speculative motion of non-load instructions.  This is normally
+enabled by default when scheduling before register allocation, i.e.
+with \fB\-fschedule\-insns\fR or at \fB\-O2\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-spec\-load\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-spec-load"
+Allow speculative motion of some load instructions.  This only makes
+sense when scheduling before register allocation, i.e. with
+\&\fB\-fschedule\-insns\fR or at \fB\-O2\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-spec\-load\-dangerous\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-spec-load-dangerous"
+Allow speculative motion of more load instructions.  This only makes
+sense when scheduling before register allocation, i.e. with
+\&\fB\-fschedule\-insns\fR or at \fB\-O2\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-stalled-insns"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-stalled-insns=n"
+.PD
+Define how many insns (if any) can be moved prematurely from the queue
+of stalled insns into the ready list, during the second scheduling pass.
+\&\fB\-fno\-sched\-stalled\-insns\fR means that no insns will be moved
+prematurely, \fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns=0\fR means there is no limit
+on how many queued insns can be moved prematurely.
+\&\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\fR without a value is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns=1\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\-dep\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-stalled-insns-dep"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\-dep=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched-stalled-insns-dep=n"
+.PD
+Define how many insn groups (cycles) will be examined for a dependency
+on a stalled insn that is candidate for premature removal from the queue
+of stalled insns.  This has an effect only during the second scheduling pass,
+and only if \fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\fR is used.
+\&\fB\-fno\-sched\-stalled\-insns\-dep\fR is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\-dep=0\fR.
+\&\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\-dep\fR without a value is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-fsched\-stalled\-insns\-dep=1\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched2\-use\-superblocks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched2-use-superblocks"
+When scheduling after register allocation, do use superblock scheduling
+algorithm.  Superblock scheduling allows motion across basic block boundaries
+resulting on faster schedules.  This option is experimental, as not all machine
+descriptions used by \s-1GCC\s0 model the \s-1CPU\s0 closely enough to avoid unreliable
+results from the algorithm.
+.Sp
+This only makes sense when scheduling after register allocation, i.e. with
+\&\fB\-fschedule\-insns2\fR or at \fB\-O2\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fsched2\-use\-traces\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsched2-use-traces"
+Use \fB\-fsched2\-use\-superblocks\fR algorithm when scheduling after register
+allocation and additionally perform code duplication in order to increase the
+size of superblocks using tracer pass.  See \fB\-ftracer\fR for details on
+trace formation.
+.Sp
+This mode should produce faster but significantly longer programs.  Also
+without \fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR the traces constructed may not
+match the reality and hurt the performance.  This only makes
+sense when scheduling after register allocation, i.e. with
+\&\fB\-fschedule\-insns2\fR or at \fB\-O2\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fsee\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsee"
+Eliminate redundant sign extension instructions and move the non-redundant
+ones to optimal placement using lazy code motion (\s-1LCM\s0).
+.IP "\fB\-freschedule\-modulo\-scheduled\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops"
+The modulo scheduling comes before the traditional scheduling, if a loop
+was modulo scheduled we may want to prevent the later scheduling passes
+from changing its schedule, we use this option to control that.
+.IP "\fB\-fselective\-scheduling\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fselective-scheduling"
+Schedule instructions using selective scheduling algorithm.  Selective
+scheduling runs instead of the first scheduler pass.
+.IP "\fB\-fselective\-scheduling2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fselective-scheduling2"
+Schedule instructions using selective scheduling algorithm.  Selective
+scheduling runs instead of the second scheduler pass.
+.IP "\fB\-fsel\-sched\-pipelining\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsel-sched-pipelining"
+Enable software pipelining of innermost loops during selective scheduling.  
+This option has no effect until one of \fB\-fselective\-scheduling\fR or 
+\&\fB\-fselective\-scheduling2\fR is turned on.
+.IP "\fB\-fsel\-sched\-pipelining\-outer\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsel-sched-pipelining-outer-loops"
+When pipelining loops during selective scheduling, also pipeline outer loops.
+This option has no effect until \fB\-fsel\-sched\-pipelining\fR is turned on.
+.IP "\fB\-fcaller\-saves\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcaller-saves"
+Enable values to be allocated in registers that will be clobbered by
+function calls, by emitting extra instructions to save and restore the
+registers around such calls.  Such allocation is done only when it
+seems to result in better code than would otherwise be produced.
+.Sp
+This option is always enabled by default on certain machines, usually
+those which have no call-preserved registers to use instead.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fconserve\-stack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fconserve-stack"
+Attempt to minimize stack usage.  The compiler will attempt to use less
+stack space, even if that makes the program slower.  This option
+implies setting the \fBlarge-stack-frame\fR parameter to 100
+and the \fBlarge-stack-frame-growth\fR parameter to 400.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-reassoc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-reassoc"
+Perform reassociation on trees.  This flag is enabled by default
+at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-pre\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-pre"
+Perform partial redundancy elimination (\s-1PRE\s0) on trees.  This flag is
+enabled by default at \fB\-O2\fR and \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-fre\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-fre"
+Perform full redundancy elimination (\s-1FRE\s0) on trees.  The difference
+between \s-1FRE\s0 and \s-1PRE\s0 is that \s-1FRE\s0 only considers expressions
+that are computed on all paths leading to the redundant computation.
+This analysis is faster than \s-1PRE\s0, though it exposes fewer redundancies.
+This flag is enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-copy\-prop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-copy-prop"
+Perform copy propagation on trees.  This pass eliminates unnecessary
+copy operations.  This flag is enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and
+higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-pure\-const\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-pure-const"
+Discover which functions are pure or constant.
+Enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-reference\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-reference"
+Discover which static variables do not escape cannot escape the
+compilation unit.
+Enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-struct\-reorg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-struct-reorg"
+Perform structure reorganization optimization, that change C\-like structures 
+layout in order to better utilize spatial locality.  This transformation is 
+affective for programs containing arrays of structures.  Available in two 
+compilation modes: profile-based (enabled with \fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR)
+or static (which uses built-in heuristics).  Require \fB\-fipa\-type\-escape\fR
+to provide the safety of this transformation.  It works only in whole program
+mode, so it requires \fB\-fwhole\-program\fR and \fB\-combine\fR to be
+enabled.  Structures considered \fBcold\fR by this transformation are not
+affected (see \fB\-\-param struct\-reorg\-cold\-struct\-ratio=\fR\fIvalue\fR).
+.Sp
+With this flag, the program debug info reflects a new structure layout.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-pta\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-pta"
+Perform interprocedural pointer analysis.  This option is experimental
+and does not affect generated code.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-cp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-cp"
+Perform interprocedural constant propagation.
+This optimization analyzes the program to determine when values passed
+to functions are constants and then optimizes accordingly.  
+This optimization can substantially increase performance
+if the application has constants passed to functions.
+This flag is enabled by default at \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-Os\fR and \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-cp\-clone\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-cp-clone"
+Perform function cloning to make interprocedural constant propagation stronger.
+When enabled, interprocedural constant propagation will perform function cloning
+when externally visible function can be called with constant arguments.
+Because this optimization can create multiple copies of functions,
+it may significantly increase code size
+(see \fB\-\-param ipcp\-unit\-growth=\fR\fIvalue\fR).
+This flag is enabled by default at \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fipa\-matrix\-reorg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fipa-matrix-reorg"
+Perform matrix flattening and transposing.
+Matrix flattening tries to replace a m\-dimensional matrix 
+with its equivalent n\-dimensional matrix, where n < m.
+This reduces the level of indirection needed for accessing the elements
+of the matrix. The second optimization is matrix transposing that
+attempts to change the order of the matrix's dimensions in order to
+improve cache locality.
+Both optimizations need the \fB\-fwhole\-program\fR flag. 
+Transposing is enabled only if profiling information is available.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-sink\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-sink"
+Perform forward store motion  on trees.  This flag is
+enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-ccp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-ccp"
+Perform sparse conditional constant propagation (\s-1CCP\s0) on trees.  This
+pass only operates on local scalar variables and is enabled by default
+at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-switch\-conversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-switch-conversion"
+Perform conversion of simple initializations in a switch to
+initializations from a scalar array.  This flag is enabled by default
+at \fB\-O2\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-dce\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-dce"
+Perform dead code elimination (\s-1DCE\s0) on trees.  This flag is enabled by
+default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-builtin\-call\-dce\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-builtin-call-dce"
+Perform conditional dead code elimination (\s-1DCE\s0) for calls to builtin functions 
+that may set \f(CW\*(C`errno\*(C'\fR but are otherwise side-effect free.  This flag is 
+enabled by default at \fB\-O2\fR and higher if \fB\-Os\fR is not also 
+specified.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-dominator\-opts\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-dominator-opts"
+Perform a variety of simple scalar cleanups (constant/copy
+propagation, redundancy elimination, range propagation and expression
+simplification) based on a dominator tree traversal.  This also
+performs jump threading (to reduce jumps to jumps). This flag is
+enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-dse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-dse"
+Perform dead store elimination (\s-1DSE\s0) on trees.  A dead store is a store into
+a memory location which will later be overwritten by another store without
+any intervening loads.  In this case the earlier store can be deleted.  This
+flag is enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-ch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-ch"
+Perform loop header copying on trees.  This is beneficial since it increases
+effectiveness of code motion optimizations.  It also saves one jump.  This flag
+is enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.  It is not enabled
+for \fB\-Os\fR, since it usually increases code size.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-loop\-optimize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-loop-optimize"
+Perform loop optimizations on trees.  This flag is enabled by default
+at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-loop\-linear\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-loop-linear"
+Perform linear loop transformations on tree.  This flag can improve cache
+performance and allow further loop optimizations to take place.
+.IP "\fB\-floop\-interchange\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-floop-interchange"
+Perform loop interchange transformations on loops.  Interchanging two
+nested loops switches the inner and outer loops.  For example, given a
+loop like:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        DO J = 1, M
+\&          DO I = 1, N
+\&            A(J, I) = A(J, I) * C
+\&          ENDDO
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+loop interchange will transform the loop as if the user had written:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        DO I = 1, N
+\&          DO J = 1, M
+\&            A(J, I) = A(J, I) * C
+\&          ENDDO
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+which can be beneficial when \f(CW\*(C`N\*(C'\fR is larger than the caches,
+because in Fortran, the elements of an array are stored in memory
+contiguously by column, and the original loop iterates over rows,
+potentially creating at each access a cache miss.  This optimization
+applies to all the languages supported by \s-1GCC\s0 and is not limited to
+Fortran.  To use this code transformation, \s-1GCC\s0 has to be configured
+with \fB\-\-with\-ppl\fR and \fB\-\-with\-cloog\fR to enable the
+Graphite loop transformation infrastructure.
+.IP "\fB\-floop\-strip\-mine\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-floop-strip-mine"
+Perform loop strip mining transformations on loops.  Strip mining
+splits a loop into two nested loops.  The outer loop has strides 
+equal to the strip size and the inner loop has strides of the 
+original loop within a strip.  For example, given a loop like:
+.Sp
+.Vb 3
+\&        DO I = 1, N
+\&          A(I) = A(I) + C
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+loop strip mining will transform the loop as if the user had written:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        DO II = 1, N, 4
+\&          DO I = II, min (II + 3, N)
+\&            A(I) = A(I) + C
+\&          ENDDO
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+This optimization applies to all the languages supported by \s-1GCC\s0 and is
+not limited to Fortran.  To use this code transformation, \s-1GCC\s0 has to
+be configured with \fB\-\-with\-ppl\fR and \fB\-\-with\-cloog\fR to
+enable the Graphite loop transformation infrastructure.
+.IP "\fB\-floop\-block\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-floop-block"
+Perform loop blocking transformations on loops.  Blocking strip mines
+each loop in the loop nest such that the memory accesses of the
+element loops fit inside caches.  For example, given a loop like:
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        DO I = 1, N
+\&          DO J = 1, M
+\&            A(J, I) = B(I) + C(J)
+\&          ENDDO
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+loop blocking will transform the loop as if the user had written:
+.Sp
+.Vb 9
+\&        DO II = 1, N, 64
+\&          DO JJ = 1, M, 64
+\&            DO I = II, min (II + 63, N)
+\&              DO J = JJ, min (JJ + 63, M)
+\&                A(J, I) = B(I) + C(J)
+\&              ENDDO
+\&            ENDDO
+\&          ENDDO
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+which can be beneficial when \f(CW\*(C`M\*(C'\fR is larger than the caches,
+because the innermost loop will iterate over a smaller amount of data
+that can be kept in the caches.  This optimization applies to all the
+languages supported by \s-1GCC\s0 and is not limited to Fortran.  To use this
+code transformation, \s-1GCC\s0 has to be configured with \fB\-\-with\-ppl\fR
+and \fB\-\-with\-cloog\fR to enable the Graphite loop transformation
+infrastructure.
+.IP "\fB\-fcheck\-data\-deps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcheck-data-deps"
+Compare the results of several data dependence analyzers.  This option
+is used for debugging the data dependence analyzers.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-loop\-distribution\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-loop-distribution"
+Perform loop distribution.  This flag can improve cache performance on
+big loop bodies and allow further loop optimizations, like
+parallelization or vectorization, to take place.  For example, the loop
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&        DO I = 1, N
+\&          A(I) = B(I) + C
+\&          D(I) = E(I) * F
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+is transformed to
+.Sp
+.Vb 6
+\&        DO I = 1, N
+\&           A(I) = B(I) + C
+\&        ENDDO
+\&        DO I = 1, N
+\&           D(I) = E(I) * F
+\&        ENDDO
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-loop\-im\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-loop-im"
+Perform loop invariant motion on trees.  This pass moves only invariants that
+would be hard to handle at \s-1RTL\s0 level (function calls, operations that expand to
+nontrivial sequences of insns).  With \fB\-funswitch\-loops\fR it also moves
+operands of conditions that are invariant out of the loop, so that we can use
+just trivial invariantness analysis in loop unswitching.  The pass also includes
+store motion.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-loop\-ivcanon\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-loop-ivcanon"
+Create a canonical counter for number of iterations in the loop for that
+determining number of iterations requires complicated analysis.  Later
+optimizations then may determine the number easily.  Useful especially
+in connection with unrolling.
+.IP "\fB\-fivopts\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fivopts"
+Perform induction variable optimizations (strength reduction, induction
+variable merging and induction variable elimination) on trees.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-parallelize\-loops=n\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-parallelize-loops=n"
+Parallelize loops, i.e., split their iteration space to run in n threads.
+This is only possible for loops whose iterations are independent
+and can be arbitrarily reordered.  The optimization is only
+profitable on multiprocessor machines, for loops that are CPU-intensive,
+rather than constrained e.g. by memory bandwidth.  This option
+implies \fB\-pthread\fR, and thus is only supported on targets
+that have support for \fB\-pthread\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-sra\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-sra"
+Perform scalar replacement of aggregates.  This pass replaces structure
+references with scalars to prevent committing structures to memory too
+early.  This flag is enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-copyrename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-copyrename"
+Perform copy renaming on trees.  This pass attempts to rename compiler
+temporaries to other variables at copy locations, usually resulting in
+variable names which more closely resemble the original variables.  This flag
+is enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-ter\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-ter"
+Perform temporary expression replacement during the \s-1SSA\-\s0>normal phase.  Single
+use/single def temporaries are replaced at their use location with their
+defining expression.  This results in non-GIMPLE code, but gives the expanders
+much more complex trees to work on resulting in better \s-1RTL\s0 generation.  This is
+enabled by default at \fB\-O\fR and higher.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-vectorize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-vectorize"
+Perform loop vectorization on trees. This flag is enabled by default at
+\&\fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-vect\-loop\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-vect-loop-version"
+Perform loop versioning when doing loop vectorization on trees.  When a loop
+appears to be vectorizable except that data alignment or data dependence cannot
+be determined at compile time then vectorized and non-vectorized versions of
+the loop are generated along with runtime checks for alignment or dependence
+to control which version is executed.  This option is enabled by default
+except at level \fB\-Os\fR where it is disabled.
+.IP "\fB\-fvect\-cost\-model\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvect-cost-model"
+Enable cost model for vectorization.
+.IP "\fB\-ftree\-vrp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftree-vrp"
+Perform Value Range Propagation on trees.  This is similar to the
+constant propagation pass, but instead of values, ranges of values are
+propagated.  This allows the optimizers to remove unnecessary range
+checks like array bound checks and null pointer checks.  This is
+enabled by default at \fB\-O2\fR and higher.  Null pointer check
+elimination is only done if \fB\-fdelete\-null\-pointer\-checks\fR is
+enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-ftracer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftracer"
+Perform tail duplication to enlarge superblock size.  This transformation
+simplifies the control flow of the function allowing other optimizations to do
+better job.
+.IP "\fB\-funroll\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funroll-loops"
+Unroll loops whose number of iterations can be determined at compile
+time or upon entry to the loop.  \fB\-funroll\-loops\fR implies
+\&\fB\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop\fR.  This option makes code larger,
+and may or may not make it run faster.
+.IP "\fB\-funroll\-all\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funroll-all-loops"
+Unroll all loops, even if their number of iterations is uncertain when
+the loop is entered.  This usually makes programs run more slowly.
+\&\fB\-funroll\-all\-loops\fR implies the same options as
+\&\fB\-funroll\-loops\fR,
+.IP "\fB\-fsplit\-ivs\-in\-unroller\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsplit-ivs-in-unroller"
+Enables expressing of values of induction variables in later iterations
+of the unrolled loop using the value in the first iteration.  This breaks
+long dependency chains, thus improving efficiency of the scheduling passes.
+.Sp
+Combination of \fB\-fweb\fR and \s-1CSE\s0 is often sufficient to obtain the
+same effect.  However in cases the loop body is more complicated than
+a single basic block, this is not reliable.  It also does not work at all
+on some of the architectures due to restrictions in the \s-1CSE\s0 pass.
+.Sp
+This optimization is enabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-fvariable\-expansion\-in\-unroller\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvariable-expansion-in-unroller"
+With this option, the compiler will create multiple copies of some
+local variables when unrolling a loop which can result in superior code.
+.IP "\fB\-fpredictive\-commoning\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpredictive-commoning"
+Perform predictive commoning optimization, i.e., reusing computations
+(especially memory loads and stores) performed in previous
+iterations of loops.
+.Sp
+This option is enabled at level \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fprefetch\-loop\-arrays\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprefetch-loop-arrays"
+If supported by the target machine, generate instructions to prefetch
+memory to improve the performance of loops that access large arrays.
+.Sp
+This option may generate better or worse code; results are highly
+dependent on the structure of loops within the source code.
+.Sp
+Disabled at level \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-peephole\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-peephole"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-peephole2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-peephole2"
+.PD
+Disable any machine-specific peephole optimizations.  The difference
+between \fB\-fno\-peephole\fR and \fB\-fno\-peephole2\fR is in how they
+are implemented in the compiler; some targets use one, some use the
+other, a few use both.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fpeephole\fR is enabled by default.
+\&\fB\-fpeephole2\fR enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-guess\-branch\-probability\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-guess-branch-probability"
+Do not guess branch probabilities using heuristics.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 will use heuristics to guess branch probabilities if they are
+not provided by profiling feedback (\fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR).  These
+heuristics are based on the control flow graph.  If some branch probabilities
+are specified by \fB_\|_builtin_expect\fR, then the heuristics will be
+used to guess branch probabilities for the rest of the control flow graph,
+taking the \fB_\|_builtin_expect\fR info into account.  The interactions
+between the heuristics and \fB_\|_builtin_expect\fR can be complex, and in
+some cases, it may be useful to disable the heuristics so that the effects
+of \fB_\|_builtin_expect\fR are easier to understand.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fguess\-branch\-probability\fR at levels
+\&\fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-freorder\-blocks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freorder-blocks"
+Reorder basic blocks in the compiled function in order to reduce number of
+taken branches and improve code locality.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-freorder\-blocks\-and\-partition\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freorder-blocks-and-partition"
+In addition to reordering basic blocks in the compiled function, in order
+to reduce number of taken branches, partitions hot and cold basic blocks
+into separate sections of the assembly and .o files, to improve
+paging and cache locality performance.
+.Sp
+This optimization is automatically turned off in the presence of
+exception handling, for linkonce sections, for functions with a user-defined
+section attribute and on any architecture that does not support named
+sections.
+.IP "\fB\-freorder\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freorder-functions"
+Reorder functions in the object file in order to
+improve code locality.  This is implemented by using special
+subsections \f(CW\*(C`.text.hot\*(C'\fR for most frequently executed functions and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`.text.unlikely\*(C'\fR for unlikely executed functions.  Reordering is done by
+the linker so object file format must support named sections and linker must
+place them in a reasonable way.
+.Sp
+Also profile feedback must be available in to make this option effective.  See
+\&\fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR for details.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fstrict\-aliasing\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstrict-aliasing"
+Allows the compiler to assume the strictest aliasing rules applicable to
+the language being compiled.  For C (and \*(C+), this activates
+optimizations based on the type of expressions.  In particular, an
+object of one type is assumed never to reside at the same address as an
+object of a different type, unless the types are almost the same.  For
+example, an \f(CW\*(C`unsigned int\*(C'\fR can alias an \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR, but not a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`void*\*(C'\fR or a \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR.  A character type may alias any other
+type.
+.Sp
+Pay special attention to code like this:
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&        union a_union {
+\&          int i;
+\&          double d;
+\&        };
+\&        
+\&        int f() {
+\&          a_union t;
+\&          t.d = 3.0;
+\&          return t.i;
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The practice of reading from a different union member than the one most
+recently written to (called \*(L"type-punning\*(R") is common.  Even with
+\&\fB\-fstrict\-aliasing\fR, type-punning is allowed, provided the memory
+is accessed through the union type.  So, the code above will work as
+expected.    However, this code might not:
+.Sp
+.Vb 7
+\&        int f() {
+\&          a_union t;
+\&          int* ip;
+\&          t.d = 3.0;
+\&          ip = &t.i;
+\&          return *ip;
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Similarly, access by taking the address, casting the resulting pointer
+and dereferencing the result has undefined behavior, even if the cast
+uses a union type, e.g.:
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&        int f() {
+\&          double d = 3.0;
+\&          return ((union a_union *) &d)\->i;
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The \fB\-fstrict\-aliasing\fR option is enabled at levels
+\&\fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fstrict\-overflow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstrict-overflow"
+Allow the compiler to assume strict signed overflow rules, depending
+on the language being compiled.  For C (and \*(C+) this means that
+overflow when doing arithmetic with signed numbers is undefined, which
+means that the compiler may assume that it will not happen.  This
+permits various optimizations.  For example, the compiler will assume
+that an expression like \f(CW\*(C`i + 10 > i\*(C'\fR will always be true for
+signed \f(CW\*(C`i\*(C'\fR.  This assumption is only valid if signed overflow is
+undefined, as the expression is false if \f(CW\*(C`i + 10\*(C'\fR overflows when
+using twos complement arithmetic.  When this option is in effect any
+attempt to determine whether an operation on signed numbers will
+overflow must be written carefully to not actually involve overflow.
+.Sp
+This option also allows the compiler to assume strict pointer
+semantics: given a pointer to an object, if adding an offset to that
+pointer does not produce a pointer to the same object, the addition is
+undefined.  This permits the compiler to conclude that \f(CW\*(C`p + u >
+p\*(C'\fR is always true for a pointer \f(CW\*(C`p\*(C'\fR and unsigned integer
+\&\f(CW\*(C`u\*(C'\fR.  This assumption is only valid because pointer wraparound is
+undefined, as the expression is false if \f(CW\*(C`p + u\*(C'\fR overflows using
+twos complement arithmetic.
+.Sp
+See also the \fB\-fwrapv\fR option.  Using \fB\-fwrapv\fR means
+that integer signed overflow is fully defined: it wraps.  When
+\&\fB\-fwrapv\fR is used, there is no difference between
+\&\fB\-fstrict\-overflow\fR and \fB\-fno\-strict\-overflow\fR for
+integers.  With \fB\-fwrapv\fR certain types of overflow are
+permitted.  For example, if the compiler gets an overflow when doing
+arithmetic on constants, the overflowed value can still be used with
+\&\fB\-fwrapv\fR, but not otherwise.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-fstrict\-overflow\fR option is enabled at levels
+\&\fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-functions"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-functions=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-functions=n"
+.PD
+Align the start of functions to the next power-of-two greater than
+\&\fIn\fR, skipping up to \fIn\fR bytes.  For instance,
+\&\fB\-falign\-functions=32\fR aligns functions to the next 32\-byte
+boundary, but \fB\-falign\-functions=24\fR would align to the next
+32\-byte boundary only if this can be done by skipping 23 bytes or less.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fno\-align\-functions\fR and \fB\-falign\-functions=1\fR are
+equivalent and mean that functions will not be aligned.
+.Sp
+Some assemblers only support this flag when \fIn\fR is a power of two;
+in that case, it is rounded up.
+.Sp
+If \fIn\fR is not specified or is zero, use a machine-dependent default.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-labels\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-labels"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-labels=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-labels=n"
+.PD
+Align all branch targets to a power-of-two boundary, skipping up to
+\&\fIn\fR bytes like \fB\-falign\-functions\fR.  This option can easily
+make code slower, because it must insert dummy operations for when the
+branch target is reached in the usual flow of the code.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fno\-align\-labels\fR and \fB\-falign\-labels=1\fR are
+equivalent and mean that labels will not be aligned.
+.Sp
+If \fB\-falign\-loops\fR or \fB\-falign\-jumps\fR are applicable and
+are greater than this value, then their values are used instead.
+.Sp
+If \fIn\fR is not specified or is zero, use a machine-dependent default
+which is very likely to be \fB1\fR, meaning no alignment.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-loops"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-loops=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-loops=n"
+.PD
+Align loops to a power-of-two boundary, skipping up to \fIn\fR bytes
+like \fB\-falign\-functions\fR.  The hope is that the loop will be
+executed many times, which will make up for any execution of the dummy
+operations.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fno\-align\-loops\fR and \fB\-falign\-loops=1\fR are
+equivalent and mean that loops will not be aligned.
+.Sp
+If \fIn\fR is not specified or is zero, use a machine-dependent default.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-jumps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-jumps"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-falign\-jumps=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-falign-jumps=n"
+.PD
+Align branch targets to a power-of-two boundary, for branch targets
+where the targets can only be reached by jumping, skipping up to \fIn\fR
+bytes like \fB\-falign\-functions\fR.  In this case, no dummy operations
+need be executed.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fno\-align\-jumps\fR and \fB\-falign\-jumps=1\fR are
+equivalent and mean that loops will not be aligned.
+.Sp
+If \fIn\fR is not specified or is zero, use a machine-dependent default.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-funit\-at\-a\-time\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funit-at-a-time"
+This option is left for compatibility reasons. \fB\-funit\-at\-a\-time\fR
+has no effect, while \fB\-fno\-unit\-at\-a\-time\fR implies
+\&\fB\-fno\-toplevel\-reorder\fR and \fB\-fno\-section\-anchors\fR.
+.Sp
+Enabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-toplevel\-reorder\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-toplevel-reorder"
+Do not reorder top-level functions, variables, and \f(CW\*(C`asm\*(C'\fR
+statements.  Output them in the same order that they appear in the
+input file.  When this option is used, unreferenced static variables
+will not be removed.  This option is intended to support existing code
+which relies on a particular ordering.  For new code, it is better to
+use attributes.
+.Sp
+Enabled at level \fB\-O0\fR.  When disabled explicitly, it also imply
+\&\fB\-fno\-section\-anchors\fR that is otherwise enabled at \fB\-O0\fR on some
+targets.
+.IP "\fB\-fweb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fweb"
+Constructs webs as commonly used for register allocation purposes and assign
+each web individual pseudo register.  This allows the register allocation pass
+to operate on pseudos directly, but also strengthens several other optimization
+passes, such as \s-1CSE\s0, loop optimizer and trivial dead code remover.  It can,
+however, make debugging impossible, since variables will no longer stay in a
+\&\*(L"home register\*(R".
+.Sp
+Enabled by default with \fB\-funroll\-loops\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fwhole\-program\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fwhole-program"
+Assume that the current compilation unit represents whole program being
+compiled.  All public functions and variables with the exception of \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR
+and those merged by attribute \f(CW\*(C`externally_visible\*(C'\fR become static functions
+and in a affect gets more aggressively optimized by interprocedural optimizers.
+While this option is equivalent to proper use of \f(CW\*(C`static\*(C'\fR keyword for
+programs consisting of single file, in combination with option
+\&\fB\-\-combine\fR this flag can be used to compile most of smaller scale C
+programs since the functions and variables become local for the whole combined
+compilation unit, not for the single source file itself.
+.Sp
+This option is not supported for Fortran programs.
+.IP "\fB\-fcprop\-registers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcprop-registers"
+After register allocation and post-register allocation instruction splitting,
+we perform a copy-propagation pass to try to reduce scheduling dependencies
+and occasionally eliminate the copy.
+.Sp
+Enabled at levels \fB\-O\fR, \fB\-O2\fR, \fB\-O3\fR, \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-correction\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-correction"
+Profiles collected using an instrumented binary for multi-threaded programs may
+be inconsistent due to missed counter updates. When this option is specified,
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 will use heuristics to correct or smooth out such inconsistencies. By
+default, \s-1GCC\s0 will emit an error message when an inconsistent profile is detected.
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-dir=\fR\fIpath\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-dir=path"
+Set the directory to search the profile data files in to \fIpath\fR.
+This option affects only the profile data generated by
+\&\fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR, \fB\-ftest\-coverage\fR, \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR
+and used by \fB\-fprofile\-use\fR and \fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR 
+and its related options.
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 will use the current directory as \fIpath\fR
+thus the profile data file will appear in the same directory as the object file.
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-generate"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-generate=\fR\fIpath\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-generate=path"
+.PD
+Enable options usually used for instrumenting application to produce
+profile useful for later recompilation with profile feedback based
+optimization.  You must use \fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR both when
+compiling and when linking your program.
+.Sp
+The following options are enabled: \f(CW\*(C`\-fprofile\-arcs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-fprofile\-values\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-fvpt\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+If \fIpath\fR is specified, \s-1GCC\s0 will look at the \fIpath\fR to find
+the profile feedback data files. See \fB\-fprofile\-dir\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-use\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-use"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-use=\fR\fIpath\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-use=path"
+.PD
+Enable profile feedback directed optimizations, and optimizations
+generally profitable only with profile feedback available.
+.Sp
+The following options are enabled: \f(CW\*(C`\-fbranch\-probabilities\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-fvpt\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-funroll\-loops\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-fpeel\-loops\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`\-ftracer\*(C'\fR
+.Sp
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 emits an error message if the feedback profiles do not
+match the source code.  This error can be turned into a warning by using
+\&\fB\-Wcoverage\-mismatch\fR.  Note this may result in poorly optimized
+code.
+.Sp
+If \fIpath\fR is specified, \s-1GCC\s0 will look at the \fIpath\fR to find
+the profile feedback data files. See \fB\-fprofile\-dir\fR.
+.PP
+The following options control compiler behavior regarding floating
+point arithmetic.  These options trade off between speed and
+correctness.  All must be specifically enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-ffloat\-store\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffloat-store"
+Do not store floating point variables in registers, and inhibit other
+options that might change whether a floating point value is taken from a
+register or memory.
+.Sp
+This option prevents undesirable excess precision on machines such as
+the 68000 where the floating registers (of the 68881) keep more
+precision than a \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR is supposed to have.  Similarly for the
+x86 architecture.  For most programs, the excess precision does only
+good, but a few programs rely on the precise definition of \s-1IEEE\s0 floating
+point.  Use \fB\-ffloat\-store\fR for such programs, after modifying
+them to store all pertinent intermediate computations into variables.
+.IP "\fB\-ffast\-math\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffast-math"
+Sets \fB\-fno\-math\-errno\fR, \fB\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations\fR,
+\&\fB\-ffinite\-math\-only\fR, \fB\-fno\-rounding\-math\fR,
+\&\fB\-fno\-signaling\-nans\fR and \fB\-fcx\-limited\-range\fR.
+.Sp
+This option causes the preprocessor macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_FAST_MATH_\|_\*(C'\fR to be defined.
+.Sp
+This option is not turned on by any \fB\-O\fR option since
+it can result in incorrect output for programs which depend on
+an exact implementation of \s-1IEEE\s0 or \s-1ISO\s0 rules/specifications for
+math functions. It may, however, yield faster code for programs
+that do not require the guarantees of these specifications.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-math\-errno\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-math-errno"
+Do not set \s-1ERRNO\s0 after calling math functions that are executed
+with a single instruction, e.g., sqrt.  A program that relies on
+\&\s-1IEEE\s0 exceptions for math error handling may want to use this flag
+for speed while maintaining \s-1IEEE\s0 arithmetic compatibility.
+.Sp
+This option is not turned on by any \fB\-O\fR option since
+it can result in incorrect output for programs which depend on
+an exact implementation of \s-1IEEE\s0 or \s-1ISO\s0 rules/specifications for
+math functions. It may, however, yield faster code for programs
+that do not require the guarantees of these specifications.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fmath\-errno\fR.
+.Sp
+On Darwin systems, the math library never sets \f(CW\*(C`errno\*(C'\fR.  There is
+therefore no reason for the compiler to consider the possibility that
+it might, and \fB\-fno\-math\-errno\fR is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funsafe-math-optimizations"
+Allow optimizations for floating-point arithmetic that (a) assume
+that arguments and results are valid and (b) may violate \s-1IEEE\s0 or
+\&\s-1ANSI\s0 standards.  When used at link-time, it may include libraries
+or startup files that change the default \s-1FPU\s0 control word or other
+similar optimizations.
+.Sp
+This option is not turned on by any \fB\-O\fR option since
+it can result in incorrect output for programs which depend on
+an exact implementation of \s-1IEEE\s0 or \s-1ISO\s0 rules/specifications for
+math functions. It may, however, yield faster code for programs
+that do not require the guarantees of these specifications.
+Enables \fB\-fno\-signed\-zeros\fR, \fB\-fno\-trapping\-math\fR,
+\&\fB\-fassociative\-math\fR and \fB\-freciprocal\-math\fR.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-unsafe\-math\-optimizations\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fassociative\-math\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fassociative-math"
+Allow re-association of operands in series of floating-point operations.
+This violates the \s-1ISO\s0 C and \*(C+ language standard by possibly changing
+computation result.  \s-1NOTE:\s0 re-ordering may change the sign of zero as
+well as ignore NaNs and inhibit or create underflow or overflow (and
+thus cannot be used on a code which relies on rounding behavior like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`(x + 2**52) \- 2**52)\*(C'\fR.  May also reorder floating-point comparisons
+and thus may not be used when ordered comparisons are required.
+This option requires that both \fB\-fno\-signed\-zeros\fR and
+\&\fB\-fno\-trapping\-math\fR be in effect.  Moreover, it doesn't make
+much sense with \fB\-frounding\-math\fR.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-associative\-math\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-freciprocal\-math\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freciprocal-math"
+Allow the reciprocal of a value to be used instead of dividing by
+the value if this enables optimizations.  For example \f(CW\*(C`x / y\*(C'\fR
+can be replaced with \f(CW\*(C`x * (1/y)\*(C'\fR which is useful if \f(CW\*(C`(1/y)\*(C'\fR
+is subject to common subexpression elimination.  Note that this loses
+precision and increases the number of flops operating on the value.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-reciprocal\-math\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ffinite\-math\-only\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffinite-math-only"
+Allow optimizations for floating-point arithmetic that assume
+that arguments and results are not NaNs or +\-Infs.
+.Sp
+This option is not turned on by any \fB\-O\fR option since
+it can result in incorrect output for programs which depend on
+an exact implementation of \s-1IEEE\s0 or \s-1ISO\s0 rules/specifications for
+math functions. It may, however, yield faster code for programs
+that do not require the guarantees of these specifications.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-finite\-math\-only\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-signed\-zeros\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-signed-zeros"
+Allow optimizations for floating point arithmetic that ignore the
+signedness of zero.  \s-1IEEE\s0 arithmetic specifies the behavior of
+distinct +0.0 and \-0.0 values, which then prohibits simplification
+of expressions such as x+0.0 or 0.0*x (even with \fB\-ffinite\-math\-only\fR).
+This option implies that the sign of a zero result isn't significant.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fsigned\-zeros\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-trapping\-math\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-trapping-math"
+Compile code assuming that floating-point operations cannot generate
+user-visible traps.  These traps include division by zero, overflow,
+underflow, inexact result and invalid operation.  This option requires
+that \fB\-fno\-signaling\-nans\fR be in effect.  Setting this option may
+allow faster code if one relies on \*(L"non-stop\*(R" \s-1IEEE\s0 arithmetic, for example.
+.Sp
+This option should never be turned on by any \fB\-O\fR option since
+it can result in incorrect output for programs which depend on
+an exact implementation of \s-1IEEE\s0 or \s-1ISO\s0 rules/specifications for
+math functions.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-ftrapping\-math\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-frounding\-math\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frounding-math"
+Disable transformations and optimizations that assume default floating
+point rounding behavior.  This is round-to-zero for all floating point
+to integer conversions, and round-to-nearest for all other arithmetic
+truncations.  This option should be specified for programs that change
+the \s-1FP\s0 rounding mode dynamically, or that may be executed with a
+non-default rounding mode.  This option disables constant folding of
+floating point expressions at compile-time (which may be affected by
+rounding mode) and arithmetic transformations that are unsafe in the
+presence of sign-dependent rounding modes.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-rounding\-math\fR.
+.Sp
+This option is experimental and does not currently guarantee to
+disable all \s-1GCC\s0 optimizations that are affected by rounding mode.
+Future versions of \s-1GCC\s0 may provide finer control of this setting
+using C99's \f(CW\*(C`FENV_ACCESS\*(C'\fR pragma.  This command line option
+will be used to specify the default state for \f(CW\*(C`FENV_ACCESS\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-frtl\-abstract\-sequences\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frtl-abstract-sequences"
+It is a size optimization method. This option is to find identical
+sequences of code, which can be turned into pseudo-procedures  and
+then  replace  all  occurrences with  calls to  the  newly created
+subroutine. It is kind of an opposite of \fB\-finline\-functions\fR.
+This optimization runs at \s-1RTL\s0 level.
+.IP "\fB\-fsignaling\-nans\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsignaling-nans"
+Compile code assuming that \s-1IEEE\s0 signaling NaNs may generate user-visible
+traps during floating-point operations.  Setting this option disables
+optimizations that may change the number of exceptions visible with
+signaling NaNs.  This option implies \fB\-ftrapping\-math\fR.
+.Sp
+This option causes the preprocessor macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_SUPPORT_SNAN_\|_\*(C'\fR to
+be defined.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-signaling\-nans\fR.
+.Sp
+This option is experimental and does not currently guarantee to
+disable all \s-1GCC\s0 optimizations that affect signaling NaN behavior.
+.IP "\fB\-fsingle\-precision\-constant\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsingle-precision-constant"
+Treat floating point constant as single precision constant instead of
+implicitly converting it to double precision constant.
+.IP "\fB\-fcx\-limited\-range\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcx-limited-range"
+When enabled, this option states that a range reduction step is not
+needed when performing complex division.  Also, there is no checking
+whether the result of a complex multiplication or division is \f(CW\*(C`NaN
++ I*NaN\*(C'\fR, with an attempt to rescue the situation in that case.  The
+default is \fB\-fno\-cx\-limited\-range\fR, but is enabled by
+\&\fB\-ffast\-math\fR.
+.Sp
+This option controls the default setting of the \s-1ISO\s0 C99
+\&\f(CW\*(C`CX_LIMITED_RANGE\*(C'\fR pragma.  Nevertheless, the option applies to
+all languages.
+.IP "\fB\-fcx\-fortran\-rules\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcx-fortran-rules"
+Complex multiplication and division follow Fortran rules.  Range
+reduction is done as part of complex division, but there is no checking
+whether the result of a complex multiplication or division is \f(CW\*(C`NaN
++ I*NaN\*(C'\fR, with an attempt to rescue the situation in that case.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-fno\-cx\-fortran\-rules\fR.
+.PP
+The following options control optimizations that may improve
+performance, but are not enabled by any \fB\-O\fR options.  This
+section includes experimental options that may produce broken code.
+.IP "\fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fbranch-probabilities"
+After running a program compiled with \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR, you can compile it a second time using
+\&\fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR, to improve optimizations based on
+the number of times each branch was taken.  When the program
+compiled with \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR exits it saves arc execution
+counts to a file called \fI\fIsourcename\fI.gcda\fR for each source
+file.  The information in this data file is very dependent on the
+structure of the generated code, so you must use the same source code
+and the same optimization options for both compilations.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 puts a
+\&\fB\s-1REG_BR_PROB\s0\fR note on each \fB\s-1JUMP_INSN\s0\fR and \fB\s-1CALL_INSN\s0\fR.
+These can be used to improve optimization.  Currently, they are only
+used in one place: in \fIreorg.c\fR, instead of guessing which path a
+branch is mostly to take, the \fB\s-1REG_BR_PROB\s0\fR values are used to
+exactly determine which path is taken more often.
+.IP "\fB\-fprofile\-values\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fprofile-values"
+If combined with \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR, it adds code so that some
+data about values of expressions in the program is gathered.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR, it reads back the data gathered
+from profiling values of expressions and adds \fB\s-1REG_VALUE_PROFILE\s0\fR
+notes to instructions for their later usage in optimizations.
+.Sp
+Enabled with \fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR and \fB\-fprofile\-use\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fvpt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvpt"
+If combined with \fB\-fprofile\-arcs\fR, it instructs the compiler to add
+a code to gather information about values of expressions.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-fbranch\-probabilities\fR, it reads back the data gathered
+and actually performs the optimizations based on them.
+Currently the optimizations include specialization of division operation
+using the knowledge about the value of the denominator.
+.IP "\fB\-frename\-registers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frename-registers"
+Attempt to avoid false dependencies in scheduled code by making use
+of registers left over after register allocation.  This optimization
+will most benefit processors with lots of registers.  Depending on the
+debug information format adopted by the target, however, it can
+make debugging impossible, since variables will no longer stay in
+a \*(L"home register\*(R".
+.Sp
+Enabled by default with \fB\-funroll\-loops\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ftracer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftracer"
+Perform tail duplication to enlarge superblock size.  This transformation
+simplifies the control flow of the function allowing other optimizations to do
+better job.
+.Sp
+Enabled with \fB\-fprofile\-use\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-funroll\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funroll-loops"
+Unroll loops whose number of iterations can be determined at compile time or
+upon entry to the loop.  \fB\-funroll\-loops\fR implies
+\&\fB\-frerun\-cse\-after\-loop\fR, \fB\-fweb\fR and \fB\-frename\-registers\fR.
+It also turns on complete loop peeling (i.e. complete removal of loops with
+small constant number of iterations).  This option makes code larger, and may
+or may not make it run faster.
+.Sp
+Enabled with \fB\-fprofile\-use\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-funroll\-all\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funroll-all-loops"
+Unroll all loops, even if their number of iterations is uncertain when
+the loop is entered.  This usually makes programs run more slowly.
+\&\fB\-funroll\-all\-loops\fR implies the same options as
+\&\fB\-funroll\-loops\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fpeel\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpeel-loops"
+Peels the loops for that there is enough information that they do not
+roll much (from profile feedback).  It also turns on complete loop peeling
+(i.e. complete removal of loops with small constant number of iterations).
+.Sp
+Enabled with \fB\-fprofile\-use\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fmove\-loop\-invariants\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fmove-loop-invariants"
+Enables the loop invariant motion pass in the \s-1RTL\s0 loop optimizer.  Enabled
+at level \fB\-O1\fR
+.IP "\fB\-funswitch\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funswitch-loops"
+Move branches with loop invariant conditions out of the loop, with duplicates
+of the loop on both branches (modified according to result of the condition).
+.IP "\fB\-ffunction\-sections\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffunction-sections"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fdata\-sections\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdata-sections"
+.PD
+Place each function or data item into its own section in the output
+file if the target supports arbitrary sections.  The name of the
+function or the name of the data item determines the section's name
+in the output file.
+.Sp
+Use these options on systems where the linker can perform optimizations
+to improve locality of reference in the instruction space.  Most systems
+using the \s-1ELF\s0 object format and \s-1SPARC\s0 processors running Solaris 2 have
+linkers with such optimizations.  \s-1AIX\s0 may have these optimizations in
+the future.
+.Sp
+Only use these options when there are significant benefits from doing
+so.  When you specify these options, the assembler and linker will
+create larger object and executable files and will also be slower.
+You will not be able to use \f(CW\*(C`gprof\*(C'\fR on all systems if you
+specify this option and you may have problems with debugging if
+you specify both this option and \fB\-g\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fbranch-target-load-optimize"
+Perform branch target register load optimization before prologue / epilogue
+threading.
+The use of target registers can typically be exposed only during reload,
+thus hoisting loads out of loops and doing inter-block scheduling needs
+a separate optimization pass.
+.IP "\fB\-fbranch\-target\-load\-optimize2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fbranch-target-load-optimize2"
+Perform branch target register load optimization after prologue / epilogue
+threading.
+.IP "\fB\-fbtr\-bb\-exclusive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fbtr-bb-exclusive"
+When performing branch target register load optimization, don't reuse
+branch target registers in within any basic block.
+.IP "\fB\-fstack\-protector\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstack-protector"
+Emit extra code to check for buffer overflows, such as stack smashing
+attacks.  This is done by adding a guard variable to functions with
+vulnerable objects.  This includes functions that call alloca, and
+functions with buffers larger than 8 bytes.  The guards are initialized
+when a function is entered and then checked when the function exits.
+If a guard check fails, an error message is printed and the program exits.
+.IP "\fB\-fstack\-protector\-all\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstack-protector-all"
+Like \fB\-fstack\-protector\fR except that all functions are protected.
+.IP "\fB\-fsection\-anchors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fsection-anchors"
+Try to reduce the number of symbolic address calculations by using
+shared \*(L"anchor\*(R" symbols to address nearby objects.  This transformation
+can help to reduce the number of \s-1GOT\s0 entries and \s-1GOT\s0 accesses on some
+targets.
+.Sp
+For example, the implementation of the following function \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        static int a, b, c;
+\&        int foo (void) { return a + b + c; }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+would usually calculate the addresses of all three variables, but if you
+compile it with \fB\-fsection\-anchors\fR, it will access the variables
+from a common anchor point instead.  The effect is similar to the
+following pseudocode (which isn't valid C):
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        int foo (void)
+\&        {
+\&          register int *xr = &x;
+\&          return xr[&a \- &x] + xr[&b \- &x] + xr[&c \- &x];
+\&        }
+.Ve
+.Sp
+Not all targets support this option.
+.IP "\fB\-\-param\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--param name=value"
+In some places, \s-1GCC\s0 uses various constants to control the amount of
+optimization that is done.  For example, \s-1GCC\s0 will not inline functions
+that contain more that a certain number of instructions.  You can
+control some of these constants on the command-line using the
+\&\fB\-\-param\fR option.
+.Sp
+The names of specific parameters, and the meaning of the values, are
+tied to the internals of the compiler, and are subject to change
+without notice in future releases.
+.Sp
+In each case, the \fIvalue\fR is an integer.  The allowable choices for
+\&\fIname\fR are given in the following table:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBsra-max-structure-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sra-max-structure-size"
+The maximum structure size, in bytes, at which the scalar replacement
+of aggregates (\s-1SRA\s0) optimization will perform block copies.  The
+default value, 0, implies that \s-1GCC\s0 will select the most appropriate
+size itself.
+.IP "\fBsra-field-structure-ratio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sra-field-structure-ratio"
+The threshold ratio (as a percentage) between instantiated fields and
+the complete structure size.  We say that if the ratio of the number
+of bytes in instantiated fields to the number of bytes in the complete
+structure exceeds this parameter, then block copies are not used.  The
+default is 75.
+.IP "\fBstruct-reorg-cold-struct-ratio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "struct-reorg-cold-struct-ratio"
+The threshold ratio (as a percentage) between a structure frequency
+and the frequency of the hottest structure in the program.  This parameter
+is used by struct-reorg optimization enabled by \fB\-fipa\-struct\-reorg\fR.
+We say that if the ratio of a structure frequency, calculated by profiling, 
+to the hottest structure frequency in the program is less than this 
+parameter, then structure reorganization is not applied to this structure.
+The default is 10.
+.IP "\fBpredictable-branch-cost-outcome\fR" 4
+.IX Item "predictable-branch-cost-outcome"
+When branch is predicted to be taken with probability lower than this threshold
+(in percent), then it is considered well predictable. The default is 10.
+.IP "\fBmax-crossjump-edges\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-crossjump-edges"
+The maximum number of incoming edges to consider for crossjumping.
+The algorithm used by \fB\-fcrossjumping\fR is O(N^2) in
+the number of edges incoming to each block.  Increasing values mean
+more aggressive optimization, making the compile time increase with
+probably small improvement in executable size.
+.IP "\fBmin-crossjump-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "min-crossjump-insns"
+The minimum number of instructions which must be matched at the end
+of two blocks before crossjumping will be performed on them.  This
+value is ignored in the case where all instructions in the block being
+crossjumped from are matched.  The default value is 5.
+.IP "\fBmax-grow-copy-bb-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-grow-copy-bb-insns"
+The maximum code size expansion factor when copying basic blocks
+instead of jumping.  The expansion is relative to a jump instruction.
+The default value is 8.
+.IP "\fBmax-goto-duplication-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-goto-duplication-insns"
+The maximum number of instructions to duplicate to a block that jumps
+to a computed goto.  To avoid O(N^2) behavior in a number of
+passes, \s-1GCC\s0 factors computed gotos early in the compilation process,
+and unfactors them as late as possible.  Only computed jumps at the
+end of a basic blocks with no more than max-goto-duplication-insns are
+unfactored.  The default value is 8.
+.IP "\fBmax-delay-slot-insn-search\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-delay-slot-insn-search"
+The maximum number of instructions to consider when looking for an
+instruction to fill a delay slot.  If more than this arbitrary number of
+instructions is searched, the time savings from filling the delay slot
+will be minimal so stop searching.  Increasing values mean more
+aggressive optimization, making the compile time increase with probably
+small improvement in executable run time.
+.IP "\fBmax-delay-slot-live-search\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-delay-slot-live-search"
+When trying to fill delay slots, the maximum number of instructions to
+consider when searching for a block with valid live register
+information.  Increasing this arbitrarily chosen value means more
+aggressive optimization, increasing the compile time.  This parameter
+should be removed when the delay slot code is rewritten to maintain the
+control-flow graph.
+.IP "\fBmax-gcse-memory\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-gcse-memory"
+The approximate maximum amount of memory that will be allocated in
+order to perform the global common subexpression elimination
+optimization.  If more memory than specified is required, the
+optimization will not be done.
+.IP "\fBmax-gcse-passes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-gcse-passes"
+The maximum number of passes of \s-1GCSE\s0 to run.  The default is 1.
+.IP "\fBmax-pending-list-length\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-pending-list-length"
+The maximum number of pending dependencies scheduling will allow
+before flushing the current state and starting over.  Large functions
+with few branches or calls can create excessively large lists which
+needlessly consume memory and resources.
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-insns-single\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-insns-single"
+Several parameters control the tree inliner used in gcc.
+This number sets the maximum number of instructions (counted in \s-1GCC\s0's
+internal representation) in a single function that the tree inliner
+will consider for inlining.  This only affects functions declared
+inline and methods implemented in a class declaration (\*(C+).
+The default value is 450.
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-insns-auto\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-insns-auto"
+When you use \fB\-finline\-functions\fR (included in \fB\-O3\fR),
+a lot of functions that would otherwise not be considered for inlining
+by the compiler will be investigated.  To those functions, a different
+(more restrictive) limit compared to functions declared inline can
+be applied.
+The default value is 90.
+.IP "\fBlarge-function-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "large-function-insns"
+The limit specifying really large functions.  For functions larger than this
+limit after inlining, inlining is constrained by
+\&\fB\-\-param large-function-growth\fR.  This parameter is useful primarily
+to avoid extreme compilation time caused by non-linear algorithms used by the
+backend.
+The default value is 2700.
+.IP "\fBlarge-function-growth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "large-function-growth"
+Specifies maximal growth of large function caused by inlining in percents.
+The default value is 100 which limits large function growth to 2.0 times
+the original size.
+.IP "\fBlarge-unit-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "large-unit-insns"
+The limit specifying large translation unit.  Growth caused by inlining of
+units larger than this limit is limited by \fB\-\-param inline-unit-growth\fR.
+For small units this might be too tight (consider unit consisting of function A
+that is inline and B that just calls A three time.  If B is small relative to
+A, the growth of unit is 300\e% and yet such inlining is very sane.  For very
+large units consisting of small inlineable functions however the overall unit
+growth limit is needed to avoid exponential explosion of code size.  Thus for
+smaller units, the size is increased to \fB\-\-param large-unit-insns\fR
+before applying \fB\-\-param inline-unit-growth\fR.  The default is 10000
+.IP "\fBinline-unit-growth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "inline-unit-growth"
+Specifies maximal overall growth of the compilation unit caused by inlining.
+The default value is 30 which limits unit growth to 1.3 times the original
+size.
+.IP "\fBipcp-unit-growth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ipcp-unit-growth"
+Specifies maximal overall growth of the compilation unit caused by
+interprocedural constant propagation.  The default value is 10 which limits
+unit growth to 1.1 times the original size.
+.IP "\fBlarge-stack-frame\fR" 4
+.IX Item "large-stack-frame"
+The limit specifying large stack frames.  While inlining the algorithm is trying
+to not grow past this limit too much.  Default value is 256 bytes.
+.IP "\fBlarge-stack-frame-growth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "large-stack-frame-growth"
+Specifies maximal growth of large stack frames caused by inlining in percents.
+The default value is 1000 which limits large stack frame growth to 11 times
+the original size.
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-insns-recursive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-insns-recursive"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-insns-recursive-auto\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-insns-recursive-auto"
+.PD
+Specifies maximum number of instructions out-of-line copy of self recursive inline
+function can grow into by performing recursive inlining.
+.Sp
+For functions declared inline \fB\-\-param max-inline-insns-recursive\fR is
+taken into account.  For function not declared inline, recursive inlining
+happens only when \fB\-finline\-functions\fR (included in \fB\-O3\fR) is
+enabled and \fB\-\-param max-inline-insns-recursive-auto\fR is used.  The
+default value is 450.
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-recursive-depth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-recursive-depth"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBmax-inline-recursive-depth-auto\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-inline-recursive-depth-auto"
+.PD
+Specifies maximum recursion depth used by the recursive inlining.
+.Sp
+For functions declared inline \fB\-\-param max-inline-recursive-depth\fR is
+taken into account.  For function not declared inline, recursive inlining
+happens only when \fB\-finline\-functions\fR (included in \fB\-O3\fR) is
+enabled and \fB\-\-param max-inline-recursive-depth-auto\fR is used.  The
+default value is 8.
+.IP "\fBmin-inline-recursive-probability\fR" 4
+.IX Item "min-inline-recursive-probability"
+Recursive inlining is profitable only for function having deep recursion
+in average and can hurt for function having little recursion depth by
+increasing the prologue size or complexity of function body to other
+optimizers.
+.Sp
+When profile feedback is available (see \fB\-fprofile\-generate\fR) the actual
+recursion depth can be guessed from probability that function will recurse via
+given call expression.  This parameter limits inlining only to call expression
+whose probability exceeds given threshold (in percents).  The default value is
+10.
+.IP "\fBinline-call-cost\fR" 4
+.IX Item "inline-call-cost"
+Specify cost of call instruction relative to simple arithmetics operations
+(having cost of 1).  Increasing this cost disqualifies inlining of non-leaf
+functions and at the same time increases size of leaf function that is believed to
+reduce function size by being inlined.  In effect it increases amount of
+inlining for code having large abstraction penalty (many functions that just
+pass the arguments to other functions) and decrease inlining for code with low
+abstraction penalty.  The default value is 12.
+.IP "\fBmin-vect-loop-bound\fR" 4
+.IX Item "min-vect-loop-bound"
+The minimum number of iterations under which a loop will not get vectorized
+when \fB\-ftree\-vectorize\fR is used.  The number of iterations after
+vectorization needs to be greater than the value specified by this option
+to allow vectorization.  The default value is 0.
+.IP "\fBmax-unrolled-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-unrolled-insns"
+The maximum number of instructions that a loop should have if that loop
+is unrolled, and if the loop is unrolled, it determines how many times
+the loop code is unrolled.
+.IP "\fBmax-average-unrolled-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-average-unrolled-insns"
+The maximum number of instructions biased by probabilities of their execution
+that a loop should have if that loop is unrolled, and if the loop is unrolled,
+it determines how many times the loop code is unrolled.
+.IP "\fBmax-unroll-times\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-unroll-times"
+The maximum number of unrollings of a single loop.
+.IP "\fBmax-peeled-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-peeled-insns"
+The maximum number of instructions that a loop should have if that loop
+is peeled, and if the loop is peeled, it determines how many times
+the loop code is peeled.
+.IP "\fBmax-peel-times\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-peel-times"
+The maximum number of peelings of a single loop.
+.IP "\fBmax-completely-peeled-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-completely-peeled-insns"
+The maximum number of insns of a completely peeled loop.
+.IP "\fBmax-completely-peel-times\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-completely-peel-times"
+The maximum number of iterations of a loop to be suitable for complete peeling.
+.IP "\fBmax-unswitch-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-unswitch-insns"
+The maximum number of insns of an unswitched loop.
+.IP "\fBmax-unswitch-level\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-unswitch-level"
+The maximum number of branches unswitched in a single loop.
+.IP "\fBlim-expensive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "lim-expensive"
+The minimum cost of an expensive expression in the loop invariant motion.
+.IP "\fBiv-consider-all-candidates-bound\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iv-consider-all-candidates-bound"
+Bound on number of candidates for induction variables below that
+all candidates are considered for each use in induction variable
+optimizations.  Only the most relevant candidates are considered
+if there are more candidates, to avoid quadratic time complexity.
+.IP "\fBiv-max-considered-uses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iv-max-considered-uses"
+The induction variable optimizations give up on loops that contain more
+induction variable uses.
+.IP "\fBiv-always-prune-cand-set-bound\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iv-always-prune-cand-set-bound"
+If number of candidates in the set is smaller than this value,
+we always try to remove unnecessary ivs from the set during its
+optimization when a new iv is added to the set.
+.IP "\fBscev-max-expr-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "scev-max-expr-size"
+Bound on size of expressions used in the scalar evolutions analyzer.
+Large expressions slow the analyzer.
+.IP "\fBomega-max-vars\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-max-vars"
+The maximum number of variables in an Omega constraint system.
+The default value is 128.
+.IP "\fBomega-max-geqs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-max-geqs"
+The maximum number of inequalities in an Omega constraint system.
+The default value is 256.
+.IP "\fBomega-max-eqs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-max-eqs"
+The maximum number of equalities in an Omega constraint system.
+The default value is 128.
+.IP "\fBomega-max-wild-cards\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-max-wild-cards"
+The maximum number of wildcard variables that the Omega solver will
+be able to insert.  The default value is 18.
+.IP "\fBomega-hash-table-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-hash-table-size"
+The size of the hash table in the Omega solver.  The default value is
+550.
+.IP "\fBomega-max-keys\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-max-keys"
+The maximal number of keys used by the Omega solver.  The default
+value is 500.
+.IP "\fBomega-eliminate-redundant-constraints\fR" 4
+.IX Item "omega-eliminate-redundant-constraints"
+When set to 1, use expensive methods to eliminate all redundant
+constraints.  The default value is 0.
+.IP "\fBvect-max-version-for-alignment-checks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "vect-max-version-for-alignment-checks"
+The maximum number of runtime checks that can be performed when
+doing loop versioning for alignment in the vectorizer.  See option
+ftree-vect-loop-version for more information.
+.IP "\fBvect-max-version-for-alias-checks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "vect-max-version-for-alias-checks"
+The maximum number of runtime checks that can be performed when
+doing loop versioning for alias in the vectorizer.  See option
+ftree-vect-loop-version for more information.
+.IP "\fBmax-iterations-to-track\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-iterations-to-track"
+The maximum number of iterations of a loop the brute force algorithm
+for analysis of # of iterations of the loop tries to evaluate.
+.IP "\fBhot-bb-count-fraction\fR" 4
+.IX Item "hot-bb-count-fraction"
+Select fraction of the maximal count of repetitions of basic block in program
+given basic block needs to have to be considered hot.
+.IP "\fBhot-bb-frequency-fraction\fR" 4
+.IX Item "hot-bb-frequency-fraction"
+Select fraction of the maximal frequency of executions of basic block in
+function given basic block needs to have to be considered hot
+.IP "\fBmax-predicted-iterations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-predicted-iterations"
+The maximum number of loop iterations we predict statically.  This is useful
+in cases where function contain single loop with known bound and other loop
+with unknown.  We predict the known number of iterations correctly, while
+the unknown number of iterations average to roughly 10.  This means that the
+loop without bounds would appear artificially cold relative to the other one.
+.IP "\fBalign-threshold\fR" 4
+.IX Item "align-threshold"
+Select fraction of the maximal frequency of executions of basic block in
+function given basic block will get aligned.
+.IP "\fBalign-loop-iterations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "align-loop-iterations"
+A loop expected to iterate at lest the selected number of iterations will get
+aligned.
+.IP "\fBtracer-dynamic-coverage\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tracer-dynamic-coverage"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBtracer-dynamic-coverage-feedback\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tracer-dynamic-coverage-feedback"
+.PD
+This value is used to limit superblock formation once the given percentage of
+executed instructions is covered.  This limits unnecessary code size
+expansion.
+.Sp
+The \fBtracer-dynamic-coverage-feedback\fR is used only when profile
+feedback is available.  The real profiles (as opposed to statically estimated
+ones) are much less balanced allowing the threshold to be larger value.
+.IP "\fBtracer-max-code-growth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tracer-max-code-growth"
+Stop tail duplication once code growth has reached given percentage.  This is
+rather hokey argument, as most of the duplicates will be eliminated later in
+cross jumping, so it may be set to much higher values than is the desired code
+growth.
+.IP "\fBtracer-min-branch-ratio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tracer-min-branch-ratio"
+Stop reverse growth when the reverse probability of best edge is less than this
+threshold (in percent).
+.IP "\fBtracer-min-branch-ratio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tracer-min-branch-ratio"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBtracer-min-branch-ratio-feedback\fR" 4
+.IX Item "tracer-min-branch-ratio-feedback"
+.PD
+Stop forward growth if the best edge do have probability lower than this
+threshold.
+.Sp
+Similarly to \fBtracer-dynamic-coverage\fR two values are present, one for
+compilation for profile feedback and one for compilation without.  The value
+for compilation with profile feedback needs to be more conservative (higher) in
+order to make tracer effective.
+.IP "\fBmax-cse-path-length\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-cse-path-length"
+Maximum number of basic blocks on path that cse considers.  The default is 10.
+.IP "\fBmax-cse-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-cse-insns"
+The maximum instructions \s-1CSE\s0 process before flushing. The default is 1000.
+.IP "\fBmax-aliased-vops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-aliased-vops"
+Maximum number of virtual operands per function allowed to represent
+aliases before triggering the alias partitioning heuristic.  Alias
+partitioning reduces compile times and memory consumption needed for
+aliasing at the expense of precision loss in alias information.  The
+default value for this parameter is 100 for \-O1, 500 for \-O2 and 1000
+for \-O3.
+.Sp
+Notice that if a function contains more memory statements than the
+value of this parameter, it is not really possible to achieve this
+reduction.  In this case, the compiler will use the number of memory
+statements as the value for \fBmax-aliased-vops\fR.
+.IP "\fBavg-aliased-vops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "avg-aliased-vops"
+Average number of virtual operands per statement allowed to represent
+aliases before triggering the alias partitioning heuristic.  This
+works in conjunction with \fBmax-aliased-vops\fR.  If a function
+contains more than \fBmax-aliased-vops\fR virtual operators, then
+memory symbols will be grouped into memory partitions until either the
+total number of virtual operators is below \fBmax-aliased-vops\fR
+or the average number of virtual operators per memory statement is
+below \fBavg-aliased-vops\fR.  The default value for this parameter
+is 1 for \-O1 and \-O2, and 3 for \-O3.
+.IP "\fBggc-min-expand\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ggc-min-expand"
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 uses a garbage collector to manage its own memory allocation.  This
+parameter specifies the minimum percentage by which the garbage
+collector's heap should be allowed to expand between collections.
+Tuning this may improve compilation speed; it has no effect on code
+generation.
+.Sp
+The default is 30% + 70% * (\s-1RAM/1GB\s0) with an upper bound of 100% when
+\&\s-1RAM\s0 >= 1GB.  If \f(CW\*(C`getrlimit\*(C'\fR is available, the notion of \*(L"\s-1RAM\s0\*(R" is
+the smallest of actual \s-1RAM\s0 and \f(CW\*(C`RLIMIT_DATA\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`RLIMIT_AS\*(C'\fR.  If
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 is not able to calculate \s-1RAM\s0 on a particular platform, the lower
+bound of 30% is used.  Setting this parameter and
+\&\fBggc-min-heapsize\fR to zero causes a full collection to occur at
+every opportunity.  This is extremely slow, but can be useful for
+debugging.
+.IP "\fBggc-min-heapsize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ggc-min-heapsize"
+Minimum size of the garbage collector's heap before it begins bothering
+to collect garbage.  The first collection occurs after the heap expands
+by \fBggc-min-expand\fR% beyond \fBggc-min-heapsize\fR.  Again,
+tuning this may improve compilation speed, and has no effect on code
+generation.
+.Sp
+The default is the smaller of \s-1RAM/8\s0, \s-1RLIMIT_RSS\s0, or a limit which
+tries to ensure that \s-1RLIMIT_DATA\s0 or \s-1RLIMIT_AS\s0 are not exceeded, but
+with a lower bound of 4096 (four megabytes) and an upper bound of
+131072 (128 megabytes).  If \s-1GCC\s0 is not able to calculate \s-1RAM\s0 on a
+particular platform, the lower bound is used.  Setting this parameter
+very large effectively disables garbage collection.  Setting this
+parameter and \fBggc-min-expand\fR to zero causes a full collection
+to occur at every opportunity.
+.IP "\fBmax-reload-search-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-reload-search-insns"
+The maximum number of instruction reload should look backward for equivalent
+register.  Increasing values mean more aggressive optimization, making the
+compile time increase with probably slightly better performance.  The default
+value is 100.
+.IP "\fBmax-cselib-memory-locations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-cselib-memory-locations"
+The maximum number of memory locations cselib should take into account.
+Increasing values mean more aggressive optimization, making the compile time
+increase with probably slightly better performance.  The default value is 500.
+.IP "\fBreorder-blocks-duplicate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "reorder-blocks-duplicate"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBreorder-blocks-duplicate-feedback\fR" 4
+.IX Item "reorder-blocks-duplicate-feedback"
+.PD
+Used by basic block reordering pass to decide whether to use unconditional
+branch or duplicate the code on its destination.  Code is duplicated when its
+estimated size is smaller than this value multiplied by the estimated size of
+unconditional jump in the hot spots of the program.
+.Sp
+The \fBreorder-block-duplicate-feedback\fR is used only when profile
+feedback is available and may be set to higher values than
+\&\fBreorder-block-duplicate\fR since information about the hot spots is more
+accurate.
+.IP "\fBmax-sched-ready-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-sched-ready-insns"
+The maximum number of instructions ready to be issued the scheduler should
+consider at any given time during the first scheduling pass.  Increasing
+values mean more thorough searches, making the compilation time increase
+with probably little benefit.  The default value is 100.
+.IP "\fBmax-sched-region-blocks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-sched-region-blocks"
+The maximum number of blocks in a region to be considered for
+interblock scheduling.  The default value is 10.
+.IP "\fBmax-pipeline-region-blocks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-pipeline-region-blocks"
+The maximum number of blocks in a region to be considered for
+pipelining in the selective scheduler.  The default value is 15.
+.IP "\fBmax-sched-region-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-sched-region-insns"
+The maximum number of insns in a region to be considered for
+interblock scheduling.  The default value is 100.
+.IP "\fBmax-pipeline-region-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-pipeline-region-insns"
+The maximum number of insns in a region to be considered for
+pipelining in the selective scheduler.  The default value is 200.
+.IP "\fBmin-spec-prob\fR" 4
+.IX Item "min-spec-prob"
+The minimum probability (in percents) of reaching a source block
+for interblock speculative scheduling.  The default value is 40.
+.IP "\fBmax-sched-extend-regions-iters\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-sched-extend-regions-iters"
+The maximum number of iterations through \s-1CFG\s0 to extend regions.
+0 \- disable region extension,
+N \- do at most N iterations.
+The default value is 0.
+.IP "\fBmax-sched-insn-conflict-delay\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-sched-insn-conflict-delay"
+The maximum conflict delay for an insn to be considered for speculative motion.
+The default value is 3.
+.IP "\fBsched-spec-prob-cutoff\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sched-spec-prob-cutoff"
+The minimal probability of speculation success (in percents), so that
+speculative insn will be scheduled.
+The default value is 40.
+.IP "\fBsched-mem-true-dep-cost\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sched-mem-true-dep-cost"
+Minimal distance (in \s-1CPU\s0 cycles) between store and load targeting same
+memory locations.  The default value is 1.
+.IP "\fBselsched-max-lookahead\fR" 4
+.IX Item "selsched-max-lookahead"
+The maximum size of the lookahead window of selective scheduling.  It is a
+depth of search for available instructions.
+The default value is 50.
+.IP "\fBselsched-max-sched-times\fR" 4
+.IX Item "selsched-max-sched-times"
+The maximum number of times that an instruction will be scheduled during 
+selective scheduling.  This is the limit on the number of iterations 
+through which the instruction may be pipelined.  The default value is 2.
+.IP "\fBselsched-max-insns-to-rename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "selsched-max-insns-to-rename"
+The maximum number of best instructions in the ready list that are considered
+for renaming in the selective scheduler.  The default value is 2.
+.IP "\fBmax-last-value-rtl\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-last-value-rtl"
+The maximum size measured as number of RTLs that can be recorded in an expression
+in combiner for a pseudo register as last known value of that register.  The default
+is 10000.
+.IP "\fBinteger-share-limit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "integer-share-limit"
+Small integer constants can use a shared data structure, reducing the
+compiler's memory usage and increasing its speed.  This sets the maximum
+value of a shared integer constant.  The default value is 256.
+.IP "\fBmin-virtual-mappings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "min-virtual-mappings"
+Specifies the minimum number of virtual mappings in the incremental
+\&\s-1SSA\s0 updater that should be registered to trigger the virtual mappings
+heuristic defined by virtual-mappings-ratio.  The default value is
+100.
+.IP "\fBvirtual-mappings-ratio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "virtual-mappings-ratio"
+If the number of virtual mappings is virtual-mappings-ratio bigger
+than the number of virtual symbols to be updated, then the incremental
+\&\s-1SSA\s0 updater switches to a full update for those symbols.  The default
+ratio is 3.
+.IP "\fBssp-buffer-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ssp-buffer-size"
+The minimum size of buffers (i.e. arrays) that will receive stack smashing
+protection when \fB\-fstack\-protection\fR is used.
+.IP "\fBmax-jump-thread-duplication-stmts\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-jump-thread-duplication-stmts"
+Maximum number of statements allowed in a block that needs to be
+duplicated when threading jumps.
+.IP "\fBmax-fields-for-field-sensitive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-fields-for-field-sensitive"
+Maximum number of fields in a structure we will treat in
+a field sensitive manner during pointer analysis.  The default is zero
+for \-O0, and \-O1 and 100 for \-Os, \-O2, and \-O3.
+.IP "\fBprefetch-latency\fR" 4
+.IX Item "prefetch-latency"
+Estimate on average number of instructions that are executed before
+prefetch finishes.  The distance we prefetch ahead is proportional
+to this constant.  Increasing this number may also lead to less
+streams being prefetched (see \fBsimultaneous-prefetches\fR).
+.IP "\fBsimultaneous-prefetches\fR" 4
+.IX Item "simultaneous-prefetches"
+Maximum number of prefetches that can run at the same time.
+.IP "\fBl1\-cache\-line\-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "l1-cache-line-size"
+The size of cache line in L1 cache, in bytes.
+.IP "\fBl1\-cache\-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "l1-cache-size"
+The size of L1 cache, in kilobytes.
+.IP "\fBl2\-cache\-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "l2-cache-size"
+The size of L2 cache, in kilobytes.
+.IP "\fBuse-canonical-types\fR" 4
+.IX Item "use-canonical-types"
+Whether the compiler should use the \*(L"canonical\*(R" type system.  By
+default, this should always be 1, which uses a more efficient internal
+mechanism for comparing types in \*(C+ and Objective\-\*(C+.  However, if
+bugs in the canonical type system are causing compilation failures,
+set this value to 0 to disable canonical types.
+.IP "\fBswitch-conversion-max-branch-ratio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "switch-conversion-max-branch-ratio"
+Switch initialization conversion will refuse to create arrays that are
+bigger than \fBswitch-conversion-max-branch-ratio\fR times the number of
+branches in the switch.
+.IP "\fBmax-partial-antic-length\fR" 4
+.IX Item "max-partial-antic-length"
+Maximum length of the partial antic set computed during the tree
+partial redundancy elimination optimization (\fB\-ftree\-pre\fR) when
+optimizing at \fB\-O3\fR and above.  For some sorts of source code
+the enhanced partial redundancy elimination optimization can run away,
+consuming all of the memory available on the host machine.  This
+parameter sets a limit on the length of the sets that are computed,
+which prevents the runaway behavior.  Setting a value of 0 for
+this parameter will allow an unlimited set length.
+.IP "\fBsccvn-max-scc-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sccvn-max-scc-size"
+Maximum size of a strongly connected component (\s-1SCC\s0) during \s-1SCCVN\s0
+processing.  If this limit is hit, \s-1SCCVN\s0 processing for the whole
+function will not be done and optimizations depending on it will
+be disabled.  The default maximum \s-1SCC\s0 size is 10000.
+.IP "\fBira-max-loops-num\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ira-max-loops-num"
+\&\s-1IRA\s0 uses a regional register allocation by default.  If a function
+contains loops more than number given by the parameter, only at most
+given number of the most frequently executed loops will form regions
+for the regional register allocation.  The default value of the
+parameter is 100.
+.IP "\fBira-max-conflict-table-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ira-max-conflict-table-size"
+Although \s-1IRA\s0 uses a sophisticated algorithm of compression conflict
+table, the table can be still big for huge functions.  If the conflict
+table for a function could be more than size in \s-1MB\s0 given by the
+parameter, the conflict table is not built and faster, simpler, and
+lower quality register allocation algorithm will be used.  The
+algorithm do not use pseudo-register conflicts.  The default value of
+the parameter is 2000.
+.IP "\fBloop-invariant-max-bbs-in-loop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "loop-invariant-max-bbs-in-loop"
+Loop invariant motion can be very expensive, both in compile time and
+in amount of needed compile time memory, with very large loops.  Loops
+with more basic blocks than this parameter won't have loop invariant
+motion optimization performed on them.  The default value of the
+parameter is 1000 for \-O1 and 10000 for \-O2 and above.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.Sh "Options Controlling the Preprocessor"
+.IX Subsection "Options Controlling the Preprocessor"
+These options control the C preprocessor, which is run on each C source
+file before actual compilation.
+.PP
+If you use the \fB\-E\fR option, nothing is done except preprocessing.
+Some of these options make sense only together with \fB\-E\fR because
+they cause the preprocessor output to be unsuitable for actual
+compilation.
+.Sp
+.RS 4
+You can use \fB\-Wp,\fR\fIoption\fR to bypass the compiler driver
+and pass \fIoption\fR directly through to the preprocessor.  If
+\&\fIoption\fR contains commas, it is split into multiple options at the
+commas.  However, many options are modified, translated or interpreted
+by the compiler driver before being passed to the preprocessor, and
+\&\fB\-Wp\fR forcibly bypasses this phase.  The preprocessor's direct
+interface is undocumented and subject to change, so whenever possible
+you should avoid using \fB\-Wp\fR and let the driver handle the
+options instead.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR \fIoption\fR
+.Sp
+Pass \fIoption\fR as an option to the preprocessor.  You can use this to
+supply system-specific preprocessor options which \s-1GCC\s0 does not know how to
+recognize.
+.Sp
+If you want to pass an option that takes an argument, you must use
+\&\fB\-Xpreprocessor\fR twice, once for the option and once for the argument.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-D name"
+Predefine \fIname\fR as a macro, with definition \f(CW1\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-D\fR \fIname\fR\fB=\fR\fIdefinition\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-D name=definition"
+The contents of \fIdefinition\fR are tokenized and processed as if
+they appeared during translation phase three in a \fB#define\fR
+directive.  In particular, the definition will be truncated by
+embedded newline characters.
+.Sp
+If you are invoking the preprocessor from a shell or shell-like
+program you may need to use the shell's quoting syntax to protect
+characters such as spaces that have a meaning in the shell syntax.
+.Sp
+If you wish to define a function-like macro on the command line, write
+its argument list with surrounding parentheses before the equals sign
+(if any).  Parentheses are meaningful to most shells, so you will need
+to quote the option.  With \fBsh\fR and \fBcsh\fR,
+\&\fB\-D'\fR\fIname\fR\fB(\fR\fIargs...\fR\fB)=\fR\fIdefinition\fR\fB'\fR works.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options are processed in the order they
+are given on the command line.  All \fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR and
+\&\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR options are processed after all
+\&\fB\-D\fR and \fB\-U\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-U\fR \fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-U name"
+Cancel any previous definition of \fIname\fR, either built in or
+provided with a \fB\-D\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-undef\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-undef"
+Do not predefine any system-specific or GCC-specific macros.  The
+standard predefined macros remain defined.
+.IP "\fB\-I\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-I dir"
+Add the directory \fIdir\fR to the list of directories to be searched
+for header files.
+Directories named by \fB\-I\fR are searched before the standard
+system include directories.  If the directory \fIdir\fR is a standard
+system include directory, the option is ignored to ensure that the
+default search order for system directories and the special treatment
+of system headers are not defeated
+\&.
+If \fIdir\fR begins with \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, then the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR will be replaced
+by the sysroot prefix; see \fB\-\-sysroot\fR and \fB\-isysroot\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-o\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-o file"
+Write output to \fIfile\fR.  This is the same as specifying \fIfile\fR
+as the second non-option argument to \fBcpp\fR.  \fBgcc\fR has a
+different interpretation of a second non-option argument, so you must
+use \fB\-o\fR to specify the output file.
+.IP "\fB\-Wall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wall"
+Turns on all optional warnings which are desirable for normal code.
+At present this is \fB\-Wcomment\fR, \fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR,
+\&\fB\-Wmultichar\fR and a warning about integer promotion causing a
+change of sign in \f(CW\*(C`#if\*(C'\fR expressions.  Note that many of the
+preprocessor's warnings are on by default and have no options to
+control them.
+.IP "\fB\-Wcomment\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wcomment"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-Wcomments\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wcomments"
+.PD
+Warn whenever a comment-start sequence \fB/*\fR appears in a \fB/*\fR
+comment, or whenever a backslash-newline appears in a \fB//\fR comment.
+(Both forms have the same effect.)
+.IP "\fB\-Wtrigraphs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wtrigraphs"
+Most trigraphs in comments cannot affect the meaning of the program.
+However, a trigraph that would form an escaped newline (\fB??/\fR at
+the end of a line) can, by changing where the comment begins or ends.
+Therefore, only trigraphs that would form escaped newlines produce
+warnings inside a comment.
+.Sp
+This option is implied by \fB\-Wall\fR.  If \fB\-Wall\fR is not
+given, this option is still enabled unless trigraphs are enabled.  To
+get trigraph conversion without warnings, but get the other
+\&\fB\-Wall\fR warnings, use \fB\-trigraphs \-Wall \-Wno\-trigraphs\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Wtraditional\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wtraditional"
+Warn about certain constructs that behave differently in traditional and
+\&\s-1ISO\s0 C.  Also warn about \s-1ISO\s0 C constructs that have no traditional C
+equivalent, and problematic constructs which should be avoided.
+.IP "\fB\-Wundef\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wundef"
+Warn whenever an identifier which is not a macro is encountered in an
+\&\fB#if\fR directive, outside of \fBdefined\fR.  Such identifiers are
+replaced with zero.
+.IP "\fB\-Wunused\-macros\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wunused-macros"
+Warn about macros defined in the main file that are unused.  A macro
+is \fIused\fR if it is expanded or tested for existence at least once.
+The preprocessor will also warn if the macro has not been used at the
+time it is redefined or undefined.
+.Sp
+Built-in macros, macros defined on the command line, and macros
+defined in include files are not warned about.
+.Sp
+\&\fINote:\fR If a macro is actually used, but only used in skipped
+conditional blocks, then \s-1CPP\s0 will report it as unused.  To avoid the
+warning in such a case, you might improve the scope of the macro's
+definition by, for example, moving it into the first skipped block.
+Alternatively, you could provide a dummy use with something like:
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        #if defined the_macro_causing_the_warning
+\&        #endif
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-Wendif\-labels\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wendif-labels"
+Warn whenever an \fB#else\fR or an \fB#endif\fR are followed by text.
+This usually happens in code of the form
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&        #if FOO
+\&        ...
+\&        #else FOO
+\&        ...
+\&        #endif FOO
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The second and third \f(CW\*(C`FOO\*(C'\fR should be in comments, but often are not
+in older programs.  This warning is on by default.
+.IP "\fB\-Werror\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Werror"
+Make all warnings into hard errors.  Source code which triggers warnings
+will be rejected.
+.IP "\fB\-Wsystem\-headers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wsystem-headers"
+Issue warnings for code in system headers.  These are normally unhelpful
+in finding bugs in your own code, therefore suppressed.  If you are
+responsible for the system library, you may want to see them.
+.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-w"
+Suppress all warnings, including those which \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0 issues by default.
+.IP "\fB\-pedantic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pedantic"
+Issue all the mandatory diagnostics listed in the C standard.  Some of
+them are left out by default, since they trigger frequently on harmless
+code.
+.IP "\fB\-pedantic\-errors\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pedantic-errors"
+Issue all the mandatory diagnostics, and make all mandatory diagnostics
+into errors.  This includes mandatory diagnostics that \s-1GCC\s0 issues
+without \fB\-pedantic\fR but treats as warnings.
+.IP "\fB\-M\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-M"
+Instead of outputting the result of preprocessing, output a rule
+suitable for \fBmake\fR describing the dependencies of the main
+source file.  The preprocessor outputs one \fBmake\fR rule containing
+the object file name for that source file, a colon, and the names of all
+the included files, including those coming from \fB\-include\fR or
+\&\fB\-imacros\fR command line options.
+.Sp
+Unless specified explicitly (with \fB\-MT\fR or \fB\-MQ\fR), the
+object file name consists of the name of the source file with any
+suffix replaced with object file suffix and with any leading directory
+parts removed.  If there are many included files then the rule is
+split into several lines using \fB\e\fR\-newline.  The rule has no
+commands.
+.Sp
+This option does not suppress the preprocessor's debug output, such as
+\&\fB\-dM\fR.  To avoid mixing such debug output with the dependency
+rules you should explicitly specify the dependency output file with
+\&\fB\-MF\fR, or use an environment variable like
+\&\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR.  Debug output
+will still be sent to the regular output stream as normal.
+.Sp
+Passing \fB\-M\fR to the driver implies \fB\-E\fR, and suppresses
+warnings with an implicit \fB\-w\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-MM\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MM"
+Like \fB\-M\fR but do not mention header files that are found in
+system header directories, nor header files that are included,
+directly or indirectly, from such a header.
+.Sp
+This implies that the choice of angle brackets or double quotes in an
+\&\fB#include\fR directive does not in itself determine whether that
+header will appear in \fB\-MM\fR dependency output.  This is a
+slight change in semantics from \s-1GCC\s0 versions 3.0 and earlier.
+.IP "\fB\-MF\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MF file"
+When used with \fB\-M\fR or \fB\-MM\fR, specifies a
+file to write the dependencies to.  If no \fB\-MF\fR switch is given
+the preprocessor sends the rules to the same place it would have sent
+preprocessed output.
+.Sp
+When used with the driver options \fB\-MD\fR or \fB\-MMD\fR,
+\&\fB\-MF\fR overrides the default dependency output file.
+.IP "\fB\-MG\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MG"
+In conjunction with an option such as \fB\-M\fR requesting
+dependency generation, \fB\-MG\fR assumes missing header files are
+generated files and adds them to the dependency list without raising
+an error.  The dependency filename is taken directly from the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\*(C'\fR directive without prepending any path.  \fB\-MG\fR
+also suppresses preprocessed output, as a missing header file renders
+this useless.
+.Sp
+This feature is used in automatic updating of makefiles.
+.IP "\fB\-MP\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MP"
+This option instructs \s-1CPP\s0 to add a phony target for each dependency
+other than the main file, causing each to depend on nothing.  These
+dummy rules work around errors \fBmake\fR gives if you remove header
+files without updating the \fIMakefile\fR to match.
+.Sp
+This is typical output:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        test.o: test.c test.h
+\&        
+\&        test.h:
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-MT\fR \fItarget\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MT target"
+Change the target of the rule emitted by dependency generation.  By
+default \s-1CPP\s0 takes the name of the main input file, deletes any
+directory components and any file suffix such as \fB.c\fR, and
+appends the platform's usual object suffix.  The result is the target.
+.Sp
+An \fB\-MT\fR option will set the target to be exactly the string you
+specify.  If you want multiple targets, you can specify them as a single
+argument to \fB\-MT\fR, or use multiple \fB\-MT\fR options.
+.Sp
+For example, \fB\-MT\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR might give
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        $(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-MQ\fR \fItarget\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MQ target"
+Same as \fB\-MT\fR, but it quotes any characters which are special to
+Make.  \fB\-MQ\ '$(objpfx)foo.o'\fR gives
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        $$(objpfx)foo.o: foo.c
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The default target is automatically quoted, as if it were given with
+\&\fB\-MQ\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-MD\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MD"
+\&\fB\-MD\fR is equivalent to \fB\-M \-MF\fR \fIfile\fR, except that
+\&\fB\-E\fR is not implied.  The driver determines \fIfile\fR based on
+whether an \fB\-o\fR option is given.  If it is, the driver uses its
+argument but with a suffix of \fI.d\fR, otherwise it takes the name
+of the input file, removes any directory components and suffix, and
+applies a \fI.d\fR suffix.
+.Sp
+If \fB\-MD\fR is used in conjunction with \fB\-E\fR, any
+\&\fB\-o\fR switch is understood to specify the dependency output file, but if used without \fB\-E\fR, each \fB\-o\fR
+is understood to specify a target object file.
+.Sp
+Since \fB\-E\fR is not implied, \fB\-MD\fR can be used to generate
+a dependency output file as a side-effect of the compilation process.
+.IP "\fB\-MMD\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-MMD"
+Like \fB\-MD\fR except mention only user header files, not system
+header files.
+.IP "\fB\-fpch\-deps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpch-deps"
+When using precompiled headers, this flag
+will cause the dependency-output flags to also list the files from the
+precompiled header's dependencies.  If not specified only the
+precompiled header would be listed and not the files that were used to
+create it because those files are not consulted when a precompiled
+header is used.
+.IP "\fB\-fpch\-preprocess\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpch-preprocess"
+This option allows use of a precompiled header together with \fB\-E\fR.  It inserts a special \f(CW\*(C`#pragma\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#pragma GCC pch_preprocess "<filename>"\*(C'\fR in the output to mark
+the place where the precompiled header was found, and its filename.  When
+\&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR is in use, \s-1GCC\s0 recognizes this \f(CW\*(C`#pragma\*(C'\fR and
+loads the \s-1PCH\s0.
+.Sp
+This option is off by default, because the resulting preprocessed output
+is only really suitable as input to \s-1GCC\s0.  It is switched on by
+\&\fB\-save\-temps\fR.
+.Sp
+You should not write this \f(CW\*(C`#pragma\*(C'\fR in your own code, but it is
+safe to edit the filename if the \s-1PCH\s0 file is available in a different
+location.  The filename may be absolute or it may be relative to \s-1GCC\s0's
+current directory.
+.IP "\fB\-x c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x c"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-x c++\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x c++"
+.IP "\fB\-x objective-c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x objective-c"
+.IP "\fB\-x assembler-with-cpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-x assembler-with-cpp"
+.PD
+Specify the source language: C, \*(C+, Objective-C, or assembly.  This has
+nothing to do with standards conformance or extensions; it merely
+selects which base syntax to expect.  If you give none of these options,
+cpp will deduce the language from the extension of the source file:
+\&\fB.c\fR, \fB.cc\fR, \fB.m\fR, or \fB.S\fR.  Some other common
+extensions for \*(C+ and assembly are also recognized.  If cpp does not
+recognize the extension, it will treat the file as C; this is the most
+generic mode.
+.Sp
+\&\fINote:\fR Previous versions of cpp accepted a \fB\-lang\fR option
+which selected both the language and the standards conformance level.
+This option has been removed, because it conflicts with the \fB\-l\fR
+option.
+.IP "\fB\-std=\fR\fIstandard\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-std=standard"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-ansi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ansi"
+.PD
+Specify the standard to which the code should conform.  Currently \s-1CPP\s0
+knows about C and \*(C+ standards; others may be added in the future.
+.Sp
+\&\fIstandard\fR
+may be one of:
+.RS 4
+.ie n .IP """iso9899:1990""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:1990\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:1990"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """c89""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWc89\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c89"
+.PD
+The \s-1ISO\s0 C standard from 1990.  \fBc89\fR is the customary shorthand for
+this version of the standard.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-ansi\fR option is equivalent to \fB\-std=c89\fR.
+.ie n .IP """iso9899:199409""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:199409\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:199409"
+The 1990 C standard, as amended in 1994.
+.ie n .IP """iso9899:1999""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:1999\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:1999"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """c99""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWc99\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c99"
+.ie n .IP """iso9899:199x""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWiso9899:199x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "iso9899:199x"
+.ie n .IP """c9x""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWc9x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c9x"
+.PD
+The revised \s-1ISO\s0 C standard, published in December 1999.  Before
+publication, this was known as C9X.
+.ie n .IP """gnu89""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWgnu89\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu89"
+The 1990 C standard plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.  This is the default.
+.ie n .IP """gnu99""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWgnu99\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu99"
+.PD 0
+.ie n .IP """gnu9x""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWgnu9x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu9x"
+.PD
+The 1999 C standard plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.
+.ie n .IP """c++98""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWc++98\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c++98"
+The 1998 \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ standard plus amendments.
+.ie n .IP """gnu++98""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWgnu++98\fR" 4
+.IX Item "gnu++98"
+The same as \fB\-std=c++98\fR plus \s-1GNU\s0 extensions.  This is the
+default for \*(C+ code.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-I\-\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-I-"
+Split the include path.  Any directories specified with \fB\-I\fR
+options before \fB\-I\-\fR are searched only for headers requested with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR.  If additional directories are
+specified with \fB\-I\fR options after the \fB\-I\-\fR, those
+directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR directives.
+.Sp
+In addition, \fB\-I\-\fR inhibits the use of the directory of the current
+file directory as the first search directory for \f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR.
+This option has been deprecated.
+.IP "\fB\-nostdinc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nostdinc"
+Do not search the standard system directories for header files.
+Only the directories you have specified with \fB\-I\fR options
+(and the directory of the current file, if appropriate) are searched.
+.IP "\fB\-nostdinc++\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nostdinc++"
+Do not search for header files in the \*(C+\-specific standard directories,
+but do still search the other standard directories.  (This option is
+used when building the \*(C+ library.)
+.IP "\fB\-include\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-include file"
+Process \fIfile\fR as if \f(CW\*(C`#include "file"\*(C'\fR appeared as the first
+line of the primary source file.  However, the first directory searched
+for \fIfile\fR is the preprocessor's working directory \fIinstead of\fR
+the directory containing the main source file.  If not found there, it
+is searched for in the remainder of the \f(CW\*(C`#include "..."\*(C'\fR search
+chain as normal.
+.Sp
+If multiple \fB\-include\fR options are given, the files are included
+in the order they appear on the command line.
+.IP "\fB\-imacros\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-imacros file"
+Exactly like \fB\-include\fR, except that any output produced by
+scanning \fIfile\fR is thrown away.  Macros it defines remain defined.
+This allows you to acquire all the macros from a header without also
+processing its declarations.
+.Sp
+All files specified by \fB\-imacros\fR are processed before all files
+specified by \fB\-include\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-idirafter\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-idirafter dir"
+Search \fIdir\fR for header files, but do it \fIafter\fR all
+directories specified with \fB\-I\fR and the standard system directories
+have been exhausted.  \fIdir\fR is treated as a system include directory.
+If \fIdir\fR begins with \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, then the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR will be replaced
+by the sysroot prefix; see \fB\-\-sysroot\fR and \fB\-isysroot\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-iprefix\fR \fIprefix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-iprefix prefix"
+Specify \fIprefix\fR as the prefix for subsequent \fB\-iwithprefix\fR
+options.  If the prefix represents a directory, you should include the
+final \fB/\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-iwithprefix\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-iwithprefix dir"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-iwithprefixbefore dir"
+.PD
+Append \fIdir\fR to the prefix specified previously with
+\&\fB\-iprefix\fR, and add the resulting directory to the include search
+path.  \fB\-iwithprefixbefore\fR puts it in the same place \fB\-I\fR
+would; \fB\-iwithprefix\fR puts it where \fB\-idirafter\fR would.
+.IP "\fB\-isysroot\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-isysroot dir"
+This option is like the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option, but applies only to
+header files.  See the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option for more information.
+.IP "\fB\-imultilib\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-imultilib dir"
+Use \fIdir\fR as a subdirectory of the directory containing
+target-specific \*(C+ headers.
+.IP "\fB\-isystem\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-isystem dir"
+Search \fIdir\fR for header files, after all directories specified by
+\&\fB\-I\fR but before the standard system directories.  Mark it
+as a system directory, so that it gets the same special treatment as
+is applied to the standard system directories.
+If \fIdir\fR begins with \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, then the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR will be replaced
+by the sysroot prefix; see \fB\-\-sysroot\fR and \fB\-isysroot\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-iquote\fR \fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-iquote dir"
+Search \fIdir\fR only for header files requested with
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ "\f(CIfile\f(CW"\*(C'\fR; they are not searched for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#include\ <\f(CIfile\f(CW>\*(C'\fR, before all directories specified by
+\&\fB\-I\fR and before the standard system directories.
+If \fIdir\fR begins with \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, then the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR will be replaced
+by the sysroot prefix; see \fB\-\-sysroot\fR and \fB\-isysroot\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fdirectives\-only\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdirectives-only"
+When preprocessing, handle directives, but do not expand macros.
+.Sp
+The option's behavior depends on the \fB\-E\fR and \fB\-fpreprocessed\fR
+options.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-E\fR, preprocessing is limited to the handling of directives
+such as \f(CW\*(C`#define\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`#ifdef\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`#error\*(C'\fR.  Other
+preprocessor operations, such as macro expansion and trigraph
+conversion are not performed.  In addition, the \fB\-dD\fR option is
+implicitly enabled.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-fpreprocessed\fR, predefinition of command line and most
+builtin macros is disabled.  Macros such as \f(CW\*(C`_\|_LINE_\|_\*(C'\fR, which are
+contextually dependent, are handled normally.  This enables compilation of
+files previously preprocessed with \f(CW\*(C`\-E \-fdirectives\-only\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+With both \fB\-E\fR and \fB\-fpreprocessed\fR, the rules for
+\&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR take precedence.  This enables full preprocessing of
+files previously preprocessed with \f(CW\*(C`\-E \-fdirectives\-only\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fdollars\-in\-identifiers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fdollars-in-identifiers"
+Accept \fB$\fR in identifiers.
+.IP "\fB\-fextended\-identifiers\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fextended-identifiers"
+Accept universal character names in identifiers.  This option is
+experimental; in a future version of \s-1GCC\s0, it will be enabled by
+default for C99 and \*(C+.
+.IP "\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpreprocessed"
+Indicate to the preprocessor that the input file has already been
+preprocessed.  This suppresses things like macro expansion, trigraph
+conversion, escaped newline splicing, and processing of most directives.
+The preprocessor still recognizes and removes comments, so that you can
+pass a file preprocessed with \fB\-C\fR to the compiler without
+problems.  In this mode the integrated preprocessor is little more than
+a tokenizer for the front ends.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fpreprocessed\fR is implicit if the input file has one of the
+extensions \fB.i\fR, \fB.ii\fR or \fB.mi\fR.  These are the
+extensions that \s-1GCC\s0 uses for preprocessed files created by
+\&\fB\-save\-temps\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ftabstop=\fR\fIwidth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftabstop=width"
+Set the distance between tab stops.  This helps the preprocessor report
+correct column numbers in warnings or errors, even if tabs appear on the
+line.  If the value is less than 1 or greater than 100, the option is
+ignored.  The default is 8.
+.IP "\fB\-fexec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fexec-charset=charset"
+Set the execution character set, used for string and character
+constants.  The default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0.  \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
+supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
+.IP "\fB\-fwide\-exec\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fwide-exec-charset=charset"
+Set the wide execution character set, used for wide string and
+character constants.  The default is \s-1UTF\-32\s0 or \s-1UTF\-16\s0, whichever
+corresponds to the width of \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR.  As with
+\&\fB\-fexec\-charset\fR, \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding supported
+by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine; however, you will have
+problems with encodings that do not fit exactly in \f(CW\*(C`wchar_t\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-finput\-charset=\fR\fIcharset\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finput-charset=charset"
+Set the input character set, used for translation from the character
+set of the input file to the source character set used by \s-1GCC\s0.  If the
+locale does not specify, or \s-1GCC\s0 cannot get this information from the
+locale, the default is \s-1UTF\-8\s0.  This can be overridden by either the locale
+or this command line option.  Currently the command line option takes
+precedence if there's a conflict.  \fIcharset\fR can be any encoding
+supported by the system's \f(CW\*(C`iconv\*(C'\fR library routine.
+.IP "\fB\-fworking\-directory\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fworking-directory"
+Enable generation of linemarkers in the preprocessor output that will
+let the compiler know the current working directory at the time of
+preprocessing.  When this option is enabled, the preprocessor will
+emit, after the initial linemarker, a second linemarker with the
+current working directory followed by two slashes.  \s-1GCC\s0 will use this
+directory, when it's present in the preprocessed input, as the
+directory emitted as the current working directory in some debugging
+information formats.  This option is implicitly enabled if debugging
+information is enabled, but this can be inhibited with the negated
+form \fB\-fno\-working\-directory\fR.  If the \fB\-P\fR flag is
+present in the command line, this option has no effect, since no
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#line\*(C'\fR directives are emitted whatsoever.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-show\-column\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-show-column"
+Do not print column numbers in diagnostics.  This may be necessary if
+diagnostics are being scanned by a program that does not understand the
+column numbers, such as \fBdejagnu\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-A\fR \fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-A predicate=answer"
+Make an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer
+\&\fIanswer\fR.  This form is preferred to the older form \fB\-A\fR
+\&\fIpredicate\fR\fB(\fR\fIanswer\fR\fB)\fR, which is still supported, because
+it does not use shell special characters.
+.IP "\fB\-A \-\fR\fIpredicate\fR\fB=\fR\fIanswer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-A -predicate=answer"
+Cancel an assertion with the predicate \fIpredicate\fR and answer
+\&\fIanswer\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-dCHARS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dCHARS"
+\&\fI\s-1CHARS\s0\fR is a sequence of one or more of the following characters,
+and must not be preceded by a space.  Other characters are interpreted
+by the compiler proper, or reserved for future versions of \s-1GCC\s0, and so
+are silently ignored.  If you specify characters whose behavior
+conflicts, the result is undefined.
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBM\fR" 4
+.IX Item "M"
+Instead of the normal output, generate a list of \fB#define\fR
+directives for all the macros defined during the execution of the
+preprocessor, including predefined macros.  This gives you a way of
+finding out what is predefined in your version of the preprocessor.
+Assuming you have no file \fIfoo.h\fR, the command
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        touch foo.h; cpp \-dM foo.h
+.Ve
+.Sp
+will show all the predefined macros.
+.Sp
+If you use \fB\-dM\fR without the \fB\-E\fR option, \fB\-dM\fR is
+interpreted as a synonym for \fB\-fdump\-rtl\-mach\fR.
+.IP "\fBD\fR" 4
+.IX Item "D"
+Like \fBM\fR except in two respects: it does \fInot\fR include the
+predefined macros, and it outputs \fIboth\fR the \fB#define\fR
+directives and the result of preprocessing.  Both kinds of output go to
+the standard output file.
+.IP "\fBN\fR" 4
+.IX Item "N"
+Like \fBD\fR, but emit only the macro names, not their expansions.
+.IP "\fBI\fR" 4
+.IX Item "I"
+Output \fB#include\fR directives in addition to the result of
+preprocessing.
+.IP "\fBU\fR" 4
+.IX Item "U"
+Like \fBD\fR except that only macros that are expanded, or whose
+definedness is tested in preprocessor directives, are output; the
+output is delayed until the use or test of the macro; and
+\&\fB#undef\fR directives are also output for macros tested but
+undefined at the time.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-P\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-P"
+Inhibit generation of linemarkers in the output from the preprocessor.
+This might be useful when running the preprocessor on something that is
+not C code, and will be sent to a program which might be confused by the
+linemarkers.
+.IP "\fB\-C\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-C"
+Do not discard comments.  All comments are passed through to the output
+file, except for comments in processed directives, which are deleted
+along with the directive.
+.Sp
+You should be prepared for side effects when using \fB\-C\fR; it
+causes the preprocessor to treat comments as tokens in their own right.
+For example, comments appearing at the start of what would be a
+directive line have the effect of turning that line into an ordinary
+source line, since the first token on the line is no longer a \fB#\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-CC\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-CC"
+Do not discard comments, including during macro expansion.  This is
+like \fB\-C\fR, except that comments contained within macros are
+also passed through to the output file where the macro is expanded.
+.Sp
+In addition to the side-effects of the \fB\-C\fR option, the
+\&\fB\-CC\fR option causes all \*(C+\-style comments inside a macro
+to be converted to C\-style comments.  This is to prevent later use
+of that macro from inadvertently commenting out the remainder of
+the source line.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-CC\fR option is generally used to support lint comments.
+.IP "\fB\-traditional\-cpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-traditional-cpp"
+Try to imitate the behavior of old-fashioned C preprocessors, as
+opposed to \s-1ISO\s0 C preprocessors.
+.IP "\fB\-trigraphs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-trigraphs"
+Process trigraph sequences.
+These are three-character sequences, all starting with \fB??\fR, that
+are defined by \s-1ISO\s0 C to stand for single characters.  For example,
+\&\fB??/\fR stands for \fB\e\fR, so \fB'??/n'\fR is a character
+constant for a newline.  By default, \s-1GCC\s0 ignores trigraphs, but in
+standard-conforming modes it converts them.  See the \fB\-std\fR and
+\&\fB\-ansi\fR options.
+.Sp
+The nine trigraphs and their replacements are
+.Sp
+.Vb 2
+\&        Trigraph:       ??(  ??)  ??<  ??>  ??=  ??/  ??\*(Aq  ??!  ??\-
+\&        Replacement:      [    ]    {    }    #    \e    ^    |    ~
+.Ve
+.IP "\fB\-remap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-remap"
+Enable special code to work around file systems which only permit very
+short file names, such as MS-DOS.
+.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--help"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-target\-help\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--target-help"
+.PD
+Print text describing all the command line options instead of
+preprocessing anything.
+.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-v"
+Verbose mode.  Print out \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0's version number at the beginning of
+execution, and report the final form of the include path.
+.IP "\fB\-H\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-H"
+Print the name of each header file used, in addition to other normal
+activities.  Each name is indented to show how deep in the
+\&\fB#include\fR stack it is.  Precompiled header files are also
+printed, even if they are found to be invalid; an invalid precompiled
+header file is printed with \fB...x\fR and a valid one with \fB...!\fR .
+.IP "\fB\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-version"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--version"
+.PD
+Print out \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1CPP\s0's version number.  With one dash, proceed to
+preprocess as normal.  With two dashes, exit immediately.
+.Sh "Passing Options to the Assembler"
+.IX Subsection "Passing Options to the Assembler"
+You can pass options to the assembler.
+.IP "\fB\-Wa,\fR\fIoption\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wa,option"
+Pass \fIoption\fR as an option to the assembler.  If \fIoption\fR
+contains commas, it is split into multiple options at the commas.
+.IP "\fB\-Xassembler\fR \fIoption\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Xassembler option"
+Pass \fIoption\fR as an option to the assembler.  You can use this to
+supply system-specific assembler options which \s-1GCC\s0 does not know how to
+recognize.
+.Sp
+If you want to pass an option that takes an argument, you must use
+\&\fB\-Xassembler\fR twice, once for the option and once for the argument.
+.Sh "Options for Linking"
+.IX Subsection "Options for Linking"
+These options come into play when the compiler links object files into
+an executable output file.  They are meaningless if the compiler is
+not doing a link step.
+.IP "\fIobject-file-name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "object-file-name"
+A file name that does not end in a special recognized suffix is
+considered to name an object file or library.  (Object files are
+distinguished from libraries by the linker according to the file
+contents.)  If linking is done, these object files are used as input
+to the linker.
+.IP "\fB\-c\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-c"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-S\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-S"
+.IP "\fB\-E\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-E"
+.PD
+If any of these options is used, then the linker is not run, and
+object file names should not be used as arguments.
+.IP "\fB\-l\fR\fIlibrary\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-llibrary"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-l\fR \fIlibrary\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-l library"
+.PD
+Search the library named \fIlibrary\fR when linking.  (The second
+alternative with the library as a separate argument is only for
+\&\s-1POSIX\s0 compliance and is not recommended.)
+.Sp
+It makes a difference where in the command you write this option; the
+linker searches and processes libraries and object files in the order they
+are specified.  Thus, \fBfoo.o \-lz bar.o\fR searches library \fBz\fR
+after file \fIfoo.o\fR but before \fIbar.o\fR.  If \fIbar.o\fR refers
+to functions in \fBz\fR, those functions may not be loaded.
+.Sp
+The linker searches a standard list of directories for the library,
+which is actually a file named \fIlib\fIlibrary\fI.a\fR.  The linker
+then uses this file as if it had been specified precisely by name.
+.Sp
+The directories searched include several standard system directories
+plus any that you specify with \fB\-L\fR.
+.Sp
+Normally the files found this way are library files\-\-\-archive files
+whose members are object files.  The linker handles an archive file by
+scanning through it for members which define symbols that have so far
+been referenced but not defined.  But if the file that is found is an
+ordinary object file, it is linked in the usual fashion.  The only
+difference between using an \fB\-l\fR option and specifying a file name
+is that \fB\-l\fR surrounds \fIlibrary\fR with \fBlib\fR and \fB.a\fR
+and searches several directories.
+.IP "\fB\-lobjc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-lobjc"
+You need this special case of the \fB\-l\fR option in order to
+link an Objective-C or Objective\-\*(C+ program.
+.IP "\fB\-nostartfiles\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nostartfiles"
+Do not use the standard system startup files when linking.
+The standard system libraries are used normally, unless \fB\-nostdlib\fR
+or \fB\-nodefaultlibs\fR is used.
+.IP "\fB\-nodefaultlibs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nodefaultlibs"
+Do not use the standard system libraries when linking.
+Only the libraries you specify will be passed to the linker.
+The standard startup files are used normally, unless \fB\-nostartfiles\fR
+is used.  The compiler may generate calls to \f(CW\*(C`memcmp\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`memset\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`memmove\*(C'\fR.
+These entries are usually resolved by entries in
+libc.  These entry points should be supplied through some other
+mechanism when this option is specified.
+.IP "\fB\-nostdlib\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nostdlib"
+Do not use the standard system startup files or libraries when linking.
+No startup files and only the libraries you specify will be passed to
+the linker.  The compiler may generate calls to \f(CW\*(C`memcmp\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`memset\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`memmove\*(C'\fR.
+These entries are usually resolved by entries in
+libc.  These entry points should be supplied through some other
+mechanism when this option is specified.
+.Sp
+One of the standard libraries bypassed by \fB\-nostdlib\fR and
+\&\fB\-nodefaultlibs\fR is \fIlibgcc.a\fR, a library of internal subroutines
+that \s-1GCC\s0 uses to overcome shortcomings of particular machines, or special
+needs for some languages.
+.Sp
+In most cases, you need \fIlibgcc.a\fR even when you want to avoid
+other standard libraries.  In other words, when you specify \fB\-nostdlib\fR
+or \fB\-nodefaultlibs\fR you should usually specify \fB\-lgcc\fR as well.
+This ensures that you have no unresolved references to internal \s-1GCC\s0
+library subroutines.  (For example, \fB_\|_main\fR, used to ensure \*(C+
+constructors will be called.)
+.IP "\fB\-pie\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pie"
+Produce a position independent executable on targets which support it.
+For predictable results, you must also specify the same set of options
+that were used to generate code (\fB\-fpie\fR, \fB\-fPIE\fR,
+or model suboptions) when you specify this option.
+.IP "\fB\-rdynamic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-rdynamic"
+Pass the flag \fB\-export\-dynamic\fR to the \s-1ELF\s0 linker, on targets
+that support it. This instructs the linker to add all symbols, not
+only used ones, to the dynamic symbol table. This option is needed
+for some uses of \f(CW\*(C`dlopen\*(C'\fR or to allow obtaining backtraces
+from within a program.
+.IP "\fB\-s\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-s"
+Remove all symbol table and relocation information from the executable.
+.IP "\fB\-static\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-static"
+On systems that support dynamic linking, this prevents linking with the shared
+libraries.  On other systems, this option has no effect.
+.IP "\fB\-shared\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-shared"
+Produce a shared object which can then be linked with other objects to
+form an executable.  Not all systems support this option.  For predictable
+results, you must also specify the same set of options that were used to
+generate code (\fB\-fpic\fR, \fB\-fPIC\fR, or model suboptions)
+when you specify this option.[1]
+.IP "\fB\-shared\-libgcc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-shared-libgcc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-static\-libgcc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-static-libgcc"
+.PD
+On systems that provide \fIlibgcc\fR as a shared library, these options
+force the use of either the shared or static version respectively.
+If no shared version of \fIlibgcc\fR was built when the compiler was
+configured, these options have no effect.
+.Sp
+There are several situations in which an application should use the
+shared \fIlibgcc\fR instead of the static version.  The most common
+of these is when the application wishes to throw and catch exceptions
+across different shared libraries.  In that case, each of the libraries
+as well as the application itself should use the shared \fIlibgcc\fR.
+.Sp
+Therefore, the G++ and \s-1GCJ\s0 drivers automatically add
+\&\fB\-shared\-libgcc\fR whenever you build a shared library or a main
+executable, because \*(C+ and Java programs typically use exceptions, so
+this is the right thing to do.
+.Sp
+If, instead, you use the \s-1GCC\s0 driver to create shared libraries, you may
+find that they will not always be linked with the shared \fIlibgcc\fR.
+If \s-1GCC\s0 finds, at its configuration time, that you have a non-GNU linker
+or a \s-1GNU\s0 linker that does not support option \fB\-\-eh\-frame\-hdr\fR,
+it will link the shared version of \fIlibgcc\fR into shared libraries
+by default.  Otherwise, it will take advantage of the linker and optimize
+away the linking with the shared version of \fIlibgcc\fR, linking with
+the static version of libgcc by default.  This allows exceptions to
+propagate through such shared libraries, without incurring relocation
+costs at library load time.
+.Sp
+However, if a library or main executable is supposed to throw or catch
+exceptions, you must link it using the G++ or \s-1GCJ\s0 driver, as appropriate
+for the languages used in the program, or using the option
+\&\fB\-shared\-libgcc\fR, such that it is linked with the shared
+\&\fIlibgcc\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-symbolic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-symbolic"
+Bind references to global symbols when building a shared object.  Warn
+about any unresolved references (unless overridden by the link editor
+option \fB\-Xlinker \-z \-Xlinker defs\fR).  Only a few systems support
+this option.
+.IP "\fB\-T\fR \fIscript\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-T script"
+Use \fIscript\fR as the linker script.  This option is supported by most
+systems using the \s-1GNU\s0 linker.  On some targets, such as bare-board
+targets without an operating system, the \fB\-T\fR option may be required 
+when linking to avoid references to undefined symbols.
+.IP "\fB\-Xlinker\fR \fIoption\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Xlinker option"
+Pass \fIoption\fR as an option to the linker.  You can use this to
+supply system-specific linker options which \s-1GCC\s0 does not know how to
+recognize.
+.Sp
+If you want to pass an option that takes a separate argument, you must use
+\&\fB\-Xlinker\fR twice, once for the option and once for the argument.
+For example, to pass \fB\-assert definitions\fR, you must write
+\&\fB\-Xlinker \-assert \-Xlinker definitions\fR.  It does not work to write
+\&\fB\-Xlinker \*(L"\-assert definitions\*(R"\fR, because this passes the entire
+string as a single argument, which is not what the linker expects.
+.Sp
+When using the \s-1GNU\s0 linker, it is usually more convenient to pass 
+arguments to linker options using the \fIoption\fR\fB=\fR\fIvalue\fR
+syntax than as separate arguments.  For example, you can specify
+\&\fB\-Xlinker \-Map=output.map\fR rather than
+\&\fB\-Xlinker \-Map \-Xlinker output.map\fR.  Other linkers may not support
+this syntax for command-line options.
+.IP "\fB\-Wl,\fR\fIoption\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Wl,option"
+Pass \fIoption\fR as an option to the linker.  If \fIoption\fR contains
+commas, it is split into multiple options at the commas.  You can use this
+syntax to pass an argument to the option.  
+For example, \fB\-Wl,\-Map,output.map\fR passes \fB\-Map output.map\fR to the
+linker.  When using the \s-1GNU\s0 linker, you can also get the same effect with
+\&\fB\-Wl,\-Map=output.map\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-u\fR \fIsymbol\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-u symbol"
+Pretend the symbol \fIsymbol\fR is undefined, to force linking of
+library modules to define it.  You can use \fB\-u\fR multiple times with
+different symbols to force loading of additional library modules.
+.Sh "Options for Directory Search"
+.IX Subsection "Options for Directory Search"
+These options specify directories to search for header files, for
+libraries and for parts of the compiler:
+.IP "\fB\-I\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Idir"
+Add the directory \fIdir\fR to the head of the list of directories to be
+searched for header files.  This can be used to override a system header
+file, substituting your own version, since these directories are
+searched before the system header file directories.  However, you should
+not use this option to add directories that contain vendor-supplied
+system header files (use \fB\-isystem\fR for that).  If you use more than
+one \fB\-I\fR option, the directories are scanned in left-to-right
+order; the standard system directories come after.
+.Sp
+If a standard system include directory, or a directory specified with
+\&\fB\-isystem\fR, is also specified with \fB\-I\fR, the \fB\-I\fR
+option will be ignored.  The directory will still be searched but as a
+system directory at its normal position in the system include chain.
+This is to ensure that \s-1GCC\s0's procedure to fix buggy system headers and
+the ordering for the include_next directive are not inadvertently changed.
+If you really need to change the search order for system directories,
+use the \fB\-nostdinc\fR and/or \fB\-isystem\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-iquote\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-iquotedir"
+Add the directory \fIdir\fR to the head of the list of directories to
+be searched for header files only for the case of \fB#include
+"\fR\fIfile\fR\fB"\fR; they are not searched for \fB#include <\fR\fIfile\fR\fB>\fR,
+otherwise just like \fB\-I\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-L\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Ldir"
+Add directory \fIdir\fR to the list of directories to be searched
+for \fB\-l\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-B\fR\fIprefix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Bprefix"
+This option specifies where to find the executables, libraries,
+include files, and data files of the compiler itself.
+.Sp
+The compiler driver program runs one or more of the subprograms
+\&\fIcpp\fR, \fIcc1\fR, \fIas\fR and \fIld\fR.  It tries
+\&\fIprefix\fR as a prefix for each program it tries to run, both with and
+without \fImachine\fR\fB/\fR\fIversion\fR\fB/\fR.
+.Sp
+For each subprogram to be run, the compiler driver first tries the
+\&\fB\-B\fR prefix, if any.  If that name is not found, or if \fB\-B\fR
+was not specified, the driver tries two standard prefixes, which are
+\&\fI/usr/lib/gcc/\fR and \fI/usr/local/lib/gcc/\fR.  If neither of
+those results in a file name that is found, the unmodified program
+name is searched for using the directories specified in your
+\&\fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR environment variable.
+.Sp
+The compiler will check to see if the path provided by the \fB\-B\fR
+refers to a directory, and if necessary it will add a directory
+separator character at the end of the path.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-B\fR prefixes that effectively specify directory names also apply
+to libraries in the linker, because the compiler translates these
+options into \fB\-L\fR options for the linker.  They also apply to
+includes files in the preprocessor, because the compiler translates these
+options into \fB\-isystem\fR options for the preprocessor.  In this case,
+the compiler appends \fBinclude\fR to the prefix.
+.Sp
+The run-time support file \fIlibgcc.a\fR can also be searched for using
+the \fB\-B\fR prefix, if needed.  If it is not found there, the two
+standard prefixes above are tried, and that is all.  The file is left
+out of the link if it is not found by those means.
+.Sp
+Another way to specify a prefix much like the \fB\-B\fR prefix is to use
+the environment variable \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR.
+.Sp
+As a special kludge, if the path provided by \fB\-B\fR is
+\&\fI[dir/]stage\fIN\fI/\fR, where \fIN\fR is a number in the range 0 to
+9, then it will be replaced by \fI[dir/]include\fR.  This is to help
+with boot-strapping the compiler.
+.IP "\fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-specs=file"
+Process \fIfile\fR after the compiler reads in the standard \fIspecs\fR
+file, in order to override the defaults that the \fIgcc\fR driver
+program uses when determining what switches to pass to \fIcc1\fR,
+\&\fIcc1plus\fR, \fIas\fR, \fIld\fR, etc.  More than one
+\&\fB\-specs=\fR\fIfile\fR can be specified on the command line, and they
+are processed in order, from left to right.
+.IP "\fB\-\-sysroot=\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "--sysroot=dir"
+Use \fIdir\fR as the logical root directory for headers and libraries.
+For example, if the compiler would normally search for headers in
+\&\fI/usr/include\fR and libraries in \fI/usr/lib\fR, it will instead
+search \fI\fIdir\fI/usr/include\fR and \fI\fIdir\fI/usr/lib\fR.
+.Sp
+If you use both this option and the \fB\-isysroot\fR option, then
+the \fB\-\-sysroot\fR option will apply to libraries, but the
+\&\fB\-isysroot\fR option will apply to header files.
+.Sp
+The \s-1GNU\s0 linker (beginning with version 2.16) has the necessary support
+for this option.  If your linker does not support this option, the
+header file aspect of \fB\-\-sysroot\fR will still work, but the
+library aspect will not.
+.IP "\fB\-I\-\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-I-"
+This option has been deprecated.  Please use \fB\-iquote\fR instead for
+\&\fB\-I\fR directories before the \fB\-I\-\fR and remove the \fB\-I\-\fR.
+Any directories you specify with \fB\-I\fR options before the \fB\-I\-\fR
+option are searched only for the case of \fB#include "\fR\fIfile\fR\fB"\fR;
+they are not searched for \fB#include <\fR\fIfile\fR\fB>\fR.
+.Sp
+If additional directories are specified with \fB\-I\fR options after
+the \fB\-I\-\fR, these directories are searched for all \fB#include\fR
+directives.  (Ordinarily \fIall\fR \fB\-I\fR directories are used
+this way.)
+.Sp
+In addition, the \fB\-I\-\fR option inhibits the use of the current
+directory (where the current input file came from) as the first search
+directory for \fB#include "\fR\fIfile\fR\fB"\fR.  There is no way to
+override this effect of \fB\-I\-\fR.  With \fB\-I.\fR you can specify
+searching the directory which was current when the compiler was
+invoked.  That is not exactly the same as what the preprocessor does
+by default, but it is often satisfactory.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-I\-\fR does not inhibit the use of the standard system directories
+for header files.  Thus, \fB\-I\-\fR and \fB\-nostdinc\fR are
+independent.
+.Sh "Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version"
+.IX Subsection "Specifying Target Machine and Compiler Version"
+The usual way to run \s-1GCC\s0 is to run the executable called \fIgcc\fR, or
+\&\fI<machine>\-gcc\fR when cross-compiling, or
+\&\fI<machine>\-gcc\-<version>\fR to run a version other than the one that
+was installed last.  Sometimes this is inconvenient, so \s-1GCC\s0 provides
+options that will switch to another cross-compiler or version.
+.IP "\fB\-b\fR \fImachine\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-b machine"
+The argument \fImachine\fR specifies the target machine for compilation.
+.Sp
+The value to use for \fImachine\fR is the same as was specified as the
+machine type when configuring \s-1GCC\s0 as a cross-compiler.  For
+example, if a cross-compiler was configured with \fBconfigure
+arm-elf\fR, meaning to compile for an arm processor with elf binaries,
+then you would specify \fB\-b arm-elf\fR to run that cross compiler.
+Because there are other options beginning with \fB\-b\fR, the
+configuration must contain a hyphen, or \fB\-b\fR alone should be one
+argument followed by the configuration in the next argument.
+.IP "\fB\-V\fR \fIversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-V version"
+The argument \fIversion\fR specifies which version of \s-1GCC\s0 to run.
+This is useful when multiple versions are installed.  For example,
+\&\fIversion\fR might be \fB4.0\fR, meaning to run \s-1GCC\s0 version 4.0.
+.PP
+The \fB\-V\fR and \fB\-b\fR options work by running the
+\&\fI<machine>\-gcc\-<version>\fR executable, so there's no real reason to
+use them if you can just run that directly.
+.Sh "Hardware Models and Configurations"
+.IX Subsection "Hardware Models and Configurations"
+Earlier we discussed the standard option \fB\-b\fR which chooses among
+different installed compilers for completely different target
+machines, such as \s-1VAX\s0 vs. 68000 vs. 80386.
+.PP
+In addition, each of these target machine types can have its own
+special options, starting with \fB\-m\fR, to choose among various
+hardware models or configurations\-\-\-for example, 68010 vs 68020,
+floating coprocessor or none.  A single installed version of the
+compiler can compile for any model or configuration, according to the
+options specified.
+.PP
+Some configurations of the compiler also support additional special
+options, usually for compatibility with other compilers on the same
+platform.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1ARC\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "ARC Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for \s-1ARC\s0 implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-EL\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-EL"
+Compile code for little endian mode.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-EB\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-EB"
+Compile code for big endian mode.
+.IP "\fB\-mmangle\-cpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmangle-cpu"
+Prepend the name of the cpu to all public symbol names.
+In multiple-processor systems, there are many \s-1ARC\s0 variants with different
+instruction and register set characteristics.  This flag prevents code
+compiled for one cpu to be linked with code compiled for another.
+No facility exists for handling variants that are \*(L"almost identical\*(R".
+This is an all or nothing option.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu"
+Compile code for \s-1ARC\s0 variant \fIcpu\fR.
+Which variants are supported depend on the configuration.
+All variants support \fB\-mcpu=base\fR, this is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mtext=\fR\fItext-section\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtext=text-section"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mdata=\fR\fIdata-section\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdata=data-section"
+.IP "\fB\-mrodata=\fR\fIreadonly-data-section\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrodata=readonly-data-section"
+.PD
+Put functions, data, and readonly data in \fItext-section\fR,
+\&\fIdata-section\fR, and \fIreadonly-data-section\fR respectively
+by default.  This can be overridden with the \f(CW\*(C`section\*(C'\fR attribute.
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-cortex\-m3\-ldrd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-cortex-m3-ldrd"
+Some Cortex\-M3 cores can cause data corruption when \f(CW\*(C`ldrd\*(C'\fR instructions
+with overlapping destination and base registers are used.  This option avoids
+generating these instructions.  This option is enabled by default when
+\&\fB\-mcpu=cortex\-m3\fR is specified.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1ARM\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "ARM Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for Advanced \s-1RISC\s0 Machines (\s-1ARM\s0)
+architectures:
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=name"
+Generate code for the specified \s-1ABI\s0.  Permissible values are: \fBapcs-gnu\fR,
+\&\fBatpcs\fR, \fBaapcs\fR, \fBaapcs-linux\fR and \fBiwmmxt\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mapcs\-frame\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mapcs-frame"
+Generate a stack frame that is compliant with the \s-1ARM\s0 Procedure Call
+Standard for all functions, even if this is not strictly necessary for
+correct execution of the code.  Specifying \fB\-fomit\-frame\-pointer\fR
+with this option will cause the stack frames not to be generated for
+leaf functions.  The default is \fB\-mno\-apcs\-frame\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mapcs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mapcs"
+This is a synonym for \fB\-mapcs\-frame\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mthumb\-interwork\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mthumb-interwork"
+Generate code which supports calling between the \s-1ARM\s0 and Thumb
+instruction sets.  Without this option the two instruction sets cannot
+be reliably used inside one program.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mno\-thumb\-interwork\fR, since slightly larger code is generated
+when \fB\-mthumb\-interwork\fR is specified.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-prolog\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-prolog"
+Prevent the reordering of instructions in the function prolog, or the
+merging of those instruction with the instructions in the function's
+body.  This means that all functions will start with a recognizable set
+of instructions (or in fact one of a choice from a small set of
+different function prologues), and this information can be used to
+locate the start if functions inside an executable piece of code.  The
+default is \fB\-msched\-prolog\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat\-abi=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat-abi=name"
+Specifies which floating-point \s-1ABI\s0 to use.  Permissible values
+are: \fBsoft\fR, \fBsoftfp\fR and \fBhard\fR.
+.Sp
+Specifying \fBsoft\fR causes \s-1GCC\s0 to generate output containing 
+library calls for floating-point operations.
+\&\fBsoftfp\fR allows the generation of code using hardware floating-point 
+instructions, but still uses the soft-float calling conventions.  
+\&\fBhard\fR allows generation of floating-point instructions 
+and uses FPU-specific calling conventions.
+.Sp
+Using \fB\-mfloat\-abi=hard\fR with \s-1VFP\s0 coprocessors is not supported.
+Use \fB\-mfloat\-abi=softfp\fR with the appropriate \fB\-mfpu\fR option
+to allow the compiler to generate code that makes use of the hardware
+floating-point capabilities for these CPUs.
+.Sp
+The default depends on the specific target configuration.  Note that
+the hard-float and soft-float ABIs are not link-compatible; you must
+compile your entire program with the same \s-1ABI\s0, and link with a
+compatible set of libraries.
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+Equivalent to \fB\-mfloat\-abi=hard\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Equivalent to \fB\-mfloat\-abi=soft\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mlittle\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlittle-endian"
+Generate code for a processor running in little-endian mode.  This is
+the default for all standard configurations.
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig-endian"
+Generate code for a processor running in big-endian mode; the default is
+to compile code for a little-endian processor.
+.IP "\fB\-mwords\-little\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwords-little-endian"
+This option only applies when generating code for big-endian processors.
+Generate code for a little-endian word order but a big-endian byte
+order.  That is, a byte order of the form \fB32107654\fR.  Note: this
+option should only be used if you require compatibility with code for
+big-endian \s-1ARM\s0 processors generated by versions of the compiler prior to
+2.8.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=name"
+This specifies the name of the target \s-1ARM\s0 processor.  \s-1GCC\s0 uses this name
+to determine what kind of instructions it can emit when generating
+assembly code.  Permissible names are: \fBarm2\fR, \fBarm250\fR,
+\&\fBarm3\fR, \fBarm6\fR, \fBarm60\fR, \fBarm600\fR, \fBarm610\fR,
+\&\fBarm620\fR, \fBarm7\fR, \fBarm7m\fR, \fBarm7d\fR, \fBarm7dm\fR,
+\&\fBarm7di\fR, \fBarm7dmi\fR, \fBarm70\fR, \fBarm700\fR,
+\&\fBarm700i\fR, \fBarm710\fR, \fBarm710c\fR, \fBarm7100\fR,
+\&\fBarm720\fR,
+\&\fBarm7500\fR, \fBarm7500fe\fR, \fBarm7tdmi\fR, \fBarm7tdmi\-s\fR,
+\&\fBarm710t\fR, \fBarm720t\fR, \fBarm740t\fR,
+\&\fBstrongarm\fR, \fBstrongarm110\fR, \fBstrongarm1100\fR,
+\&\fBstrongarm1110\fR,
+\&\fBarm8\fR, \fBarm810\fR, \fBarm9\fR, \fBarm9e\fR, \fBarm920\fR,
+\&\fBarm920t\fR, \fBarm922t\fR, \fBarm946e\-s\fR, \fBarm966e\-s\fR,
+\&\fBarm968e\-s\fR, \fBarm926ej\-s\fR, \fBarm940t\fR, \fBarm9tdmi\fR,
+\&\fBarm10tdmi\fR, \fBarm1020t\fR, \fBarm1026ej\-s\fR,
+\&\fBarm10e\fR, \fBarm1020e\fR, \fBarm1022e\fR,
+\&\fBarm1136j\-s\fR, \fBarm1136jf\-s\fR, \fBmpcore\fR, \fBmpcorenovfp\fR,
+\&\fBarm1156t2\-s\fR, \fBarm1176jz\-s\fR, \fBarm1176jzf\-s\fR,
+\&\fBcortex\-a8\fR, \fBcortex\-a9\fR,
+\&\fBcortex\-r4\fR, \fBcortex\-r4f\fR, \fBcortex\-m3\fR,
+\&\fBcortex\-m1\fR,
+\&\fBxscale\fR, \fBiwmmxt\fR, \fBiwmmxt2\fR, \fBep9312\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=name"
+This option is very similar to the \fB\-mcpu=\fR option, except that
+instead of specifying the actual target processor type, and hence
+restricting which instructions can be used, it specifies that \s-1GCC\s0 should
+tune the performance of the code as if the target were of the type
+specified in this option, but still choosing the instructions that it
+will generate based on the cpu specified by a \fB\-mcpu=\fR option.
+For some \s-1ARM\s0 implementations better performance can be obtained by using
+this option.
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=name"
+This specifies the name of the target \s-1ARM\s0 architecture.  \s-1GCC\s0 uses this
+name to determine what kind of instructions it can emit when generating
+assembly code.  This option can be used in conjunction with or instead
+of the \fB\-mcpu=\fR option.  Permissible names are: \fBarmv2\fR,
+\&\fBarmv2a\fR, \fBarmv3\fR, \fBarmv3m\fR, \fBarmv4\fR, \fBarmv4t\fR,
+\&\fBarmv5\fR, \fBarmv5t\fR, \fBarmv5e\fR, \fBarmv5te\fR,
+\&\fBarmv6\fR, \fBarmv6j\fR,
+\&\fBarmv6t2\fR, \fBarmv6z\fR, \fBarmv6zk\fR, \fBarmv6\-m\fR,
+\&\fBarmv7\fR, \fBarmv7\-a\fR, \fBarmv7\-r\fR, \fBarmv7\-m\fR,
+\&\fBiwmmxt\fR, \fBiwmmxt2\fR, \fBep9312\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mfpu=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpu=name"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mfpe=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpe=number"
+.IP "\fB\-mfp=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp=number"
+.PD
+This specifies what floating point hardware (or hardware emulation) is
+available on the target.  Permissible names are: \fBfpa\fR, \fBfpe2\fR,
+\&\fBfpe3\fR, \fBmaverick\fR, \fBvfp\fR, \fBvfpv3\fR, \fBvfpv3\-d16\fR and
+\&\fBneon\fR.  \fB\-mfp\fR and \fB\-mfpe\fR
+are synonyms for \fB\-mfpu\fR=\fBfpe\fR\fInumber\fR, for compatibility
+with older versions of \s-1GCC\s0.
+.Sp
+If \fB\-msoft\-float\fR is specified this specifies the format of
+floating point values.
+.IP "\fB\-mstructure\-size\-boundary=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstructure-size-boundary=n"
+The size of all structures and unions will be rounded up to a multiple
+of the number of bits set by this option.  Permissible values are 8, 32
+and 64.  The default value varies for different toolchains.  For the \s-1COFF\s0
+targeted toolchain the default value is 8.  A value of 64 is only allowed
+if the underlying \s-1ABI\s0 supports it.
+.Sp
+Specifying the larger number can produce faster, more efficient code, but
+can also increase the size of the program.  Different values are potentially
+incompatible.  Code compiled with one value cannot necessarily expect to
+work with code or libraries compiled with another value, if they exchange
+information using structures or unions.
+.IP "\fB\-mabort\-on\-noreturn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabort-on-noreturn"
+Generate a call to the function \f(CW\*(C`abort\*(C'\fR at the end of a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`noreturn\*(C'\fR function.  It will be executed if the function tries to
+return.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-long-calls"
+.PD
+Tells the compiler to perform function calls by first loading the
+address of the function into a register and then performing a subroutine
+call on this register.  This switch is needed if the target function
+will lie outside of the 64 megabyte addressing range of the offset based
+version of subroutine call instruction.
+.Sp
+Even if this switch is enabled, not all function calls will be turned
+into long calls.  The heuristic is that static functions, functions
+which have the \fBshort-call\fR attribute, functions that are inside
+the scope of a \fB#pragma no_long_calls\fR directive and functions whose
+definitions have already been compiled within the current compilation
+unit, will not be turned into long calls.  The exception to this rule is
+that weak function definitions, functions with the \fBlong-call\fR
+attribute or the \fBsection\fR attribute, and functions that are within
+the scope of a \fB#pragma long_calls\fR directive, will always be
+turned into long calls.
+.Sp
+This feature is not enabled by default.  Specifying
+\&\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR will restore the default behavior, as will
+placing the function calls within the scope of a \fB#pragma
+long_calls_off\fR directive.  Note these switches have no effect on how
+the compiler generates code to handle function calls via function
+pointers.
+.IP "\fB\-msingle\-pic\-base\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msingle-pic-base"
+Treat the register used for \s-1PIC\s0 addressing as read-only, rather than
+loading it in the prologue for each function.  The run-time system is
+responsible for initializing this register with an appropriate value
+before execution begins.
+.IP "\fB\-mpic\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpic-register=reg"
+Specify the register to be used for \s-1PIC\s0 addressing.  The default is R10
+unless stack-checking is enabled, when R9 is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mcirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcirrus-fix-invalid-insns"
+Insert NOPs into the instruction stream to in order to work around
+problems with invalid Maverick instruction combinations.  This option
+is only valid if the \fB\-mcpu=ep9312\fR option has been used to
+enable generation of instructions for the Cirrus Maverick floating
+point co-processor.  This option is not enabled by default, since the
+problem is only present in older Maverick implementations.  The default
+can be re-enabled by use of the \fB\-mno\-cirrus\-fix\-invalid\-insns\fR
+switch.
+.IP "\fB\-mpoke\-function\-name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpoke-function-name"
+Write the name of each function into the text section, directly
+preceding the function prologue.  The generated code is similar to this:
+.Sp
+.Vb 9
+\&             t0
+\&                 .ascii "arm_poke_function_name", 0
+\&                 .align
+\&             t1
+\&                 .word 0xff000000 + (t1 \- t0)
+\&             arm_poke_function_name
+\&                 mov     ip, sp
+\&                 stmfd   sp!, {fp, ip, lr, pc}
+\&                 sub     fp, ip, #4
+.Ve
+.Sp
+When performing a stack backtrace, code can inspect the value of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`pc\*(C'\fR stored at \f(CW\*(C`fp + 0\*(C'\fR.  If the trace function then looks at
+location \f(CW\*(C`pc \- 12\*(C'\fR and the top 8 bits are set, then we know that
+there is a function name embedded immediately preceding this location
+and has length \f(CW\*(C`((pc[\-3]) & 0xff000000)\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mthumb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mthumb"
+Generate code for the Thumb instruction set.  The default is to
+use the 32\-bit \s-1ARM\s0 instruction set.
+This option automatically enables either 16\-bit Thumb\-1 or
+mixed 16/32\-bit Thumb\-2 instructions based on the \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR
+and \fB\-march=\fR\fIname\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-mtpcs\-frame\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtpcs-frame"
+Generate a stack frame that is compliant with the Thumb Procedure Call
+Standard for all non-leaf functions.  (A leaf function is one that does
+not call any other functions.)  The default is \fB\-mno\-tpcs\-frame\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mtpcs\-leaf\-frame\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtpcs-leaf-frame"
+Generate a stack frame that is compliant with the Thumb Procedure Call
+Standard for all leaf functions.  (A leaf function is one that does
+not call any other functions.)  The default is \fB\-mno\-apcs\-leaf\-frame\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcallee\-super\-interworking\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcallee-super-interworking"
+Gives all externally visible functions in the file being compiled an \s-1ARM\s0
+instruction set header which switches to Thumb mode before executing the
+rest of the function.  This allows these functions to be called from
+non-interworking code.
+.IP "\fB\-mcaller\-super\-interworking\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcaller-super-interworking"
+Allows calls via function pointers (including virtual functions) to
+execute correctly regardless of whether the target code has been
+compiled for interworking or not.  There is a small overhead in the cost
+of executing a function pointer if this option is enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-mtp=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtp=name"
+Specify the access model for the thread local storage pointer.  The valid
+models are \fBsoft\fR, which generates calls to \f(CW\*(C`_\|_aeabi_read_tp\*(C'\fR,
+\&\fBcp15\fR, which fetches the thread pointer from \f(CW\*(C`cp15\*(C'\fR directly
+(supported in the arm6k architecture), and \fBauto\fR, which uses the
+best available method for the selected processor.  The default setting is
+\&\fBauto\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mword\-relocations\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mword-relocations"
+Only generate absolute relocations on word sized values (i.e. R_ARM_ABS32).
+This is enabled by default on targets (uClinux, SymbianOS) where the runtime
+loader imposes this restriction, and when \fB\-fpic\fR or \fB\-fPIC\fR
+is specified.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1AVR\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "AVR Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for \s-1AVR\s0 implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-mmcu=\fR\fImcu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmcu=mcu"
+Specify \s-1ATMEL\s0 \s-1AVR\s0 instruction set or \s-1MCU\s0 type.
+.Sp
+Instruction set avr1 is for the minimal \s-1AVR\s0 core, not supported by the C
+compiler, only for assembler programs (\s-1MCU\s0 types: at90s1200, attiny10,
+attiny11, attiny12, attiny15, attiny28).
+.Sp
+Instruction set avr2 (default) is for the classic \s-1AVR\s0 core with up to
+8K program memory space (\s-1MCU\s0 types: at90s2313, at90s2323, attiny22,
+at90s2333, at90s2343, at90s4414, at90s4433, at90s4434, at90s8515,
+at90c8534, at90s8535).
+.Sp
+Instruction set avr3 is for the classic \s-1AVR\s0 core with up to 128K program
+memory space (\s-1MCU\s0 types: atmega103, atmega603, at43usb320, at76c711).
+.Sp
+Instruction set avr4 is for the enhanced \s-1AVR\s0 core with up to 8K program
+memory space (\s-1MCU\s0 types: atmega8, atmega83, atmega85).
+.Sp
+Instruction set avr5 is for the enhanced \s-1AVR\s0 core with up to 128K program
+memory space (\s-1MCU\s0 types: atmega16, atmega161, atmega163, atmega32, atmega323,
+atmega64, atmega128, at43usb355, at94k).
+.IP "\fB\-msize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msize"
+Output instruction sizes to the asm file.
+.IP "\fB\-minit\-stack=\fR\fIN\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minit-stack=N"
+Specify the initial stack address, which may be a symbol or numeric value,
+\&\fB_\|_stack\fR is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-interrupts\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-interrupts"
+Generated code is not compatible with hardware interrupts.
+Code size will be smaller.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-prologues\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-prologues"
+Functions prologues/epilogues expanded as call to appropriate
+subroutines.  Code size will be smaller.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-tablejump\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-tablejump"
+Do not generate tablejump insns which sometimes increase code size.
+The option is now deprecated in favor of the equivalent 
+\&\fB\-fno\-jump\-tables\fR
+.IP "\fB\-mtiny\-stack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtiny-stack"
+Change only the low 8 bits of the stack pointer.
+.IP "\fB\-mint8\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mint8"
+Assume int to be 8 bit integer.  This affects the sizes of all types: A
+char will be 1 byte, an int will be 1 byte, an long will be 2 bytes
+and long long will be 4 bytes.  Please note that this option does not
+comply to the C standards, but it will provide you with smaller code
+size.
+.PP
+\fIBlackfin Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "Blackfin Options"
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIsirevision\fR]" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu[-sirevision]"
+Specifies the name of the target Blackfin processor.  Currently, \fIcpu\fR
+can be one of \fBbf512\fR, \fBbf514\fR, \fBbf516\fR, \fBbf518\fR,
+\&\fBbf522\fR, \fBbf523\fR, \fBbf524\fR, \fBbf525\fR, \fBbf526\fR,
+\&\fBbf527\fR, \fBbf531\fR, \fBbf532\fR, \fBbf533\fR,
+\&\fBbf534\fR, \fBbf536\fR, \fBbf537\fR, \fBbf538\fR, \fBbf539\fR,
+\&\fBbf542\fR, \fBbf544\fR, \fBbf547\fR, \fBbf548\fR, \fBbf549\fR,
+\&\fBbf561\fR.
+The optional \fIsirevision\fR specifies the silicon revision of the target
+Blackfin processor.  Any workarounds available for the targeted silicon revision
+will be enabled.  If \fIsirevision\fR is \fBnone\fR, no workarounds are enabled.
+If \fIsirevision\fR is \fBany\fR, all workarounds for the targeted processor
+will be enabled.  The \f(CW\*(C`_\|_SILICON_REVISION_\|_\*(C'\fR macro is defined to two
+hexadecimal digits representing the major and minor numbers in the silicon
+revision.  If \fIsirevision\fR is \fBnone\fR, the \f(CW\*(C`_\|_SILICON_REVISION_\|_\*(C'\fR
+is not defined.  If \fIsirevision\fR is \fBany\fR, the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_SILICON_REVISION_\|_\*(C'\fR is defined to be \f(CW0xffff\fR.
+If this optional \fIsirevision\fR is not used, \s-1GCC\s0 assumes the latest known
+silicon revision of the targeted Blackfin processor.
+.Sp
+Support for \fBbf561\fR is incomplete.  For \fBbf561\fR,
+Only the processor macro is defined.
+Without this option, \fBbf532\fR is used as the processor by default.
+The corresponding predefined processor macros for \fIcpu\fR is to
+be defined.  And for \fBbfin-elf\fR toolchain, this causes the hardware \s-1BSP\s0
+provided by libgloss to be linked in if \fB\-msim\fR is not given.
+.IP "\fB\-msim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msim"
+Specifies that the program will be run on the simulator.  This causes
+the simulator \s-1BSP\s0 provided by libgloss to be linked in.  This option
+has effect only for \fBbfin-elf\fR toolchain.
+Certain other options, such as \fB\-mid\-shared\-library\fR and
+\&\fB\-mfdpic\fR, imply \fB\-msim\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-momit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-momit-leaf-frame-pointer"
+Don't keep the frame pointer in a register for leaf functions.  This
+avoids the instructions to save, set up and restore frame pointers and
+makes an extra register available in leaf functions.  The option
+\&\fB\-fomit\-frame\-pointer\fR removes the frame pointer for all functions
+which might make debugging harder.
+.IP "\fB\-mspecld\-anomaly\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mspecld-anomaly"
+When enabled, the compiler will ensure that the generated code does not
+contain speculative loads after jump instructions. If this option is used,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_WORKAROUND_SPECULATIVE_LOADS\*(C'\fR is defined.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-specld\-anomaly\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-specld-anomaly"
+Don't generate extra code to prevent speculative loads from occurring.
+.IP "\fB\-mcsync\-anomaly\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcsync-anomaly"
+When enabled, the compiler will ensure that the generated code does not
+contain \s-1CSYNC\s0 or \s-1SSYNC\s0 instructions too soon after conditional branches.
+If this option is used, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_WORKAROUND_SPECULATIVE_SYNCS\*(C'\fR is defined.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-csync\-anomaly\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-csync-anomaly"
+Don't generate extra code to prevent \s-1CSYNC\s0 or \s-1SSYNC\s0 instructions from
+occurring too soon after a conditional branch.
+.IP "\fB\-mlow\-64k\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlow-64k"
+When enabled, the compiler is free to take advantage of the knowledge that
+the entire program fits into the low 64k of memory.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-low\-64k\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-low-64k"
+Assume that the program is arbitrarily large.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mstack\-check\-l1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstack-check-l1"
+Do stack checking using information placed into L1 scratchpad memory by the
+uClinux kernel.
+.IP "\fB\-mid\-shared\-library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mid-shared-library"
+Generate code that supports shared libraries via the library \s-1ID\s0 method.
+This allows for execute in place and shared libraries in an environment
+without virtual memory management.  This option implies \fB\-fPIC\fR.
+With a \fBbfin-elf\fR target, this option implies \fB\-msim\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-id\-shared\-library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-id-shared-library"
+Generate code that doesn't assume \s-1ID\s0 based shared libraries are being used.
+This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mleaf\-id\-shared\-library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mleaf-id-shared-library"
+Generate code that supports shared libraries via the library \s-1ID\s0 method,
+but assumes that this library or executable won't link against any other
+\&\s-1ID\s0 shared libraries.  That allows the compiler to use faster code for jumps
+and calls.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-leaf\-id\-shared\-library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-leaf-id-shared-library"
+Do not assume that the code being compiled won't link against any \s-1ID\s0 shared
+libraries.  Slower code will be generated for jump and call insns.
+.IP "\fB\-mshared\-library\-id=n\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mshared-library-id=n"
+Specified the identification number of the \s-1ID\s0 based shared library being
+compiled.  Specifying a value of 0 will generate more compact code, specifying
+other values will force the allocation of that number to the current
+library but is no more space or time efficient than omitting this option.
+.IP "\fB\-msep\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msep-data"
+Generate code that allows the data segment to be located in a different
+area of memory from the text segment.  This allows for execute in place in
+an environment without virtual memory management by eliminating relocations
+against the text section.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sep\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sep-data"
+Generate code that assumes that the data segment follows the text segment.
+This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-long-calls"
+.PD
+Tells the compiler to perform function calls by first loading the
+address of the function into a register and then performing a subroutine
+call on this register.  This switch is needed if the target function
+will lie outside of the 24 bit addressing range of the offset based
+version of subroutine call instruction.
+.Sp
+This feature is not enabled by default.  Specifying
+\&\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR will restore the default behavior.  Note these
+switches have no effect on how the compiler generates code to handle
+function calls via function pointers.
+.IP "\fB\-mfast\-fp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfast-fp"
+Link with the fast floating-point library. This library relaxes some of
+the \s-1IEEE\s0 floating-point standard's rules for checking inputs against
+Not-a-Number (\s-1NAN\s0), in the interest of performance.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-plt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-plt"
+Enable inlining of \s-1PLT\s0 entries in function calls to functions that are
+not known to bind locally.  It has no effect without \fB\-mfdpic\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmulticore\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmulticore"
+Build standalone application for multicore Blackfin processor. Proper
+start files and link scripts will be used to support multicore.
+This option defines \f(CW\*(C`_\|_BFIN_MULTICORE\*(C'\fR. It can only be used with
+\&\fB\-mcpu=bf561\fR[\fB\-\fR\fIsirevision\fR]. It can be used with
+\&\fB\-mcorea\fR or \fB\-mcoreb\fR. If it's used without
+\&\fB\-mcorea\fR or \fB\-mcoreb\fR, single application/dual core
+programming model is used. In this model, the main function of Core B
+should be named as coreb_main. If it's used with \fB\-mcorea\fR or
+\&\fB\-mcoreb\fR, one application per core programming model is used.
+If this option is not used, single core application programming
+model is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mcorea\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcorea"
+Build standalone application for Core A of \s-1BF561\s0 when using
+one application per core programming model. Proper start files
+and link scripts will be used to support Core A. This option
+defines \f(CW\*(C`_\|_BFIN_COREA\*(C'\fR. It must be used with \fB\-mmulticore\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcoreb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcoreb"
+Build standalone application for Core B of \s-1BF561\s0 when using
+one application per core programming model. Proper start files
+and link scripts will be used to support Core B. This option
+defines \f(CW\*(C`_\|_BFIN_COREB\*(C'\fR. When this option is used, coreb_main
+should be used instead of main. It must be used with
+\&\fB\-mmulticore\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msdram\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdram"
+Build standalone application for \s-1SDRAM\s0. Proper start files and
+link scripts will be used to put the application into \s-1SDRAM\s0.
+Loader should initialize \s-1SDRAM\s0 before loading the application
+into \s-1SDRAM\s0. This option defines \f(CW\*(C`_\|_BFIN_SDRAM\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-micplb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-micplb"
+Assume that ICPLBs are enabled at runtime.  This has an effect on certain
+anomaly workarounds.  For Linux targets, the default is to assume ICPLBs
+are enabled; for standalone applications the default is off.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1CRIS\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "CRIS Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined specifically for the \s-1CRIS\s0 ports.
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=architecture-type"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=architecture-type"
+.PD
+Generate code for the specified architecture.  The choices for
+\&\fIarchitecture-type\fR are \fBv3\fR, \fBv8\fR and \fBv10\fR for
+respectively \s-1ETRAX\s0\ 4, \s-1ETRAX\s0\ 100, and \s-1ETRAX\s0\ 100\ \s-1LX\s0.
+Default is \fBv0\fR except for cris-axis-linux-gnu, where the default is
+\&\fBv10\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=architecture-type"
+Tune to \fIarchitecture-type\fR everything applicable about the generated
+code, except for the \s-1ABI\s0 and the set of available instructions.  The
+choices for \fIarchitecture-type\fR are the same as for
+\&\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmax\-stack\-frame=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmax-stack-frame=n"
+Warn when the stack frame of a function exceeds \fIn\fR bytes.
+.IP "\fB\-metrax4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-metrax4"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-metrax100\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-metrax100"
+.PD
+The options \fB\-metrax4\fR and \fB\-metrax100\fR are synonyms for
+\&\fB\-march=v3\fR and \fB\-march=v8\fR respectively.
+.IP "\fB\-mmul\-bug\-workaround\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmul-bug-workaround"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mul\-bug\-workaround\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mul-bug-workaround"
+.PD
+Work around a bug in the \f(CW\*(C`muls\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mulu\*(C'\fR instructions for \s-1CPU\s0
+models where it applies.  This option is active by default.
+.IP "\fB\-mpdebug\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpdebug"
+Enable CRIS-specific verbose debug-related information in the assembly
+code.  This option also has the effect to turn off the \fB#NO_APP\fR
+formatted-code indicator to the assembler at the beginning of the
+assembly file.
+.IP "\fB\-mcc\-init\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcc-init"
+Do not use condition-code results from previous instruction; always emit
+compare and test instructions before use of condition codes.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-side\-effects\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-side-effects"
+Do not emit instructions with side-effects in addressing modes other than
+post-increment.
+.IP "\fB\-mstack\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstack-align"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-stack\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-stack-align"
+.IP "\fB\-mdata\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdata-align"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-data\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-data-align"
+.IP "\fB\-mconst\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mconst-align"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-const\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-const-align"
+.PD
+These options (no-options) arranges (eliminate arrangements) for the
+stack-frame, individual data and constants to be aligned for the maximum
+single data access size for the chosen \s-1CPU\s0 model.  The default is to
+arrange for 32\-bit alignment.  \s-1ABI\s0 details such as structure layout are
+not affected by these options.
+.IP "\fB\-m32\-bit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32-bit"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m16\-bit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m16-bit"
+.IP "\fB\-m8\-bit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m8-bit"
+.PD
+Similar to the stack\- data\- and const-align options above, these options
+arrange for stack-frame, writable data and constants to all be 32\-bit,
+16\-bit or 8\-bit aligned.  The default is 32\-bit alignment.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-prologue\-epilogue\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-prologue-epilogue"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mprologue\-epilogue\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mprologue-epilogue"
+.PD
+With \fB\-mno\-prologue\-epilogue\fR, the normal function prologue and
+epilogue that sets up the stack-frame are omitted and no return
+instructions or return sequences are generated in the code.  Use this
+option only together with visual inspection of the compiled code: no
+warnings or errors are generated when call-saved registers must be saved,
+or storage for local variable needs to be allocated.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-gotplt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-gotplt"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mgotplt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgotplt"
+.PD
+With \fB\-fpic\fR and \fB\-fPIC\fR, don't generate (do generate)
+instruction sequences that load addresses for functions from the \s-1PLT\s0 part
+of the \s-1GOT\s0 rather than (traditional on other architectures) calls to the
+\&\s-1PLT\s0.  The default is \fB\-mgotplt\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-melf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-melf"
+Legacy no-op option only recognized with the cris-axis-elf and
+cris-axis-linux-gnu targets.
+.IP "\fB\-mlinux\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlinux"
+Legacy no-op option only recognized with the cris-axis-linux-gnu target.
+.IP "\fB\-sim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sim"
+This option, recognized for the cris-axis-elf arranges
+to link with input-output functions from a simulator library.  Code,
+initialized data and zero-initialized data are allocated consecutively.
+.IP "\fB\-sim2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sim2"
+Like \fB\-sim\fR, but pass linker options to locate initialized data at
+0x40000000 and zero-initialized data at 0x80000000.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1CRX\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "CRX Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined specifically for the \s-1CRX\s0 ports.
+.IP "\fB\-mmac\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmac"
+Enable the use of multiply-accumulate instructions. Disabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-mpush\-args\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpush-args"
+Push instructions will be used to pass outgoing arguments when functions
+are called. Enabled by default.
+.PP
+\fIDarwin Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "Darwin Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for all architectures running the Darwin operating
+system.
+.PP
+\&\s-1FSF\s0 \s-1GCC\s0 on Darwin does not create \*(L"fat\*(R" object files; it will create
+an object file for the single architecture that it was built to
+target.  Apple's \s-1GCC\s0 on Darwin does create \*(L"fat\*(R" files if multiple
+\&\fB\-arch\fR options are used; it does so by running the compiler or
+linker multiple times and joining the results together with
+\&\fIlipo\fR.
+.PP
+The subtype of the file created (like \fBppc7400\fR or \fBppc970\fR or
+\&\fBi686\fR) is determined by the flags that specify the \s-1ISA\s0
+that \s-1GCC\s0 is targetting, like \fB\-mcpu\fR or \fB\-march\fR.  The
+\&\fB\-force_cpusubtype_ALL\fR option can be used to override this.
+.PP
+The Darwin tools vary in their behavior when presented with an \s-1ISA\s0
+mismatch.  The assembler, \fIas\fR, will only permit instructions to
+be used that are valid for the subtype of the file it is generating,
+so you cannot put 64\-bit instructions in an \fBppc750\fR object file.
+The linker for shared libraries, \fI/usr/bin/libtool\fR, will fail
+and print an error if asked to create a shared library with a less
+restrictive subtype than its input files (for instance, trying to put
+a \fBppc970\fR object file in a \fBppc7400\fR library).  The linker
+for executables, \fIld\fR, will quietly give the executable the most
+restrictive subtype of any of its input files.
+.IP "\fB\-F\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Fdir"
+Add the framework directory \fIdir\fR to the head of the list of
+directories to be searched for header files.  These directories are
+interleaved with those specified by \fB\-I\fR options and are
+scanned in a left-to-right order.
+.Sp
+A framework directory is a directory with frameworks in it.  A
+framework is a directory with a \fB\*(L"Headers\*(R"\fR and/or
+\&\fB\*(L"PrivateHeaders\*(R"\fR directory contained directly in it that ends
+in \fB\*(L".framework\*(R"\fR.  The name of a framework is the name of this
+directory excluding the \fB\*(L".framework\*(R"\fR.  Headers associated with
+the framework are found in one of those two directories, with
+\&\fB\*(L"Headers\*(R"\fR being searched first.  A subframework is a framework
+directory that is in a framework's \fB\*(L"Frameworks\*(R"\fR directory.
+Includes of subframework headers can only appear in a header of a
+framework that contains the subframework, or in a sibling subframework
+header.  Two subframeworks are siblings if they occur in the same
+framework.  A subframework should not have the same name as a
+framework, a warning will be issued if this is violated.  Currently a
+subframework cannot have subframeworks, in the future, the mechanism
+may be extended to support this.  The standard frameworks can be found
+in \fB\*(L"/System/Library/Frameworks\*(R"\fR and
+\&\fB\*(L"/Library/Frameworks\*(R"\fR.  An example include looks like
+\&\f(CW\*(C`#include <Framework/header.h>\*(C'\fR, where \fBFramework\fR denotes
+the name of the framework and header.h is found in the
+\&\fB\*(L"PrivateHeaders\*(R"\fR or \fB\*(L"Headers\*(R"\fR directory.
+.IP "\fB\-iframework\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-iframeworkdir"
+Like \fB\-F\fR except the directory is a treated as a system
+directory.  The main difference between this \fB\-iframework\fR and
+\&\fB\-F\fR is that with \fB\-iframework\fR the compiler does not
+warn about constructs contained within header files found via
+\&\fIdir\fR.  This option is valid only for the C family of languages.
+.IP "\fB\-gused\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gused"
+Emit debugging information for symbols that are used.  For \s-1STABS\s0
+debugging format, this enables \fB\-feliminate\-unused\-debug\-symbols\fR.
+This is by default \s-1ON\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-gfull\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-gfull"
+Emit debugging information for all symbols and types.
+.IP "\fB\-mmacosx\-version\-min=\fR\fIversion\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmacosx-version-min=version"
+The earliest version of MacOS X that this executable will run on
+is \fIversion\fR.  Typical values of \fIversion\fR include \f(CW10.1\fR,
+\&\f(CW10.2\fR, and \f(CW10.3.9\fR.
+.Sp
+If the compiler was built to use the system's headers by default,
+then the default for this option is the system version on which the
+compiler is running, otherwise the default is to make choices which
+are compatible with as many systems and code bases as possible.
+.IP "\fB\-mkernel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mkernel"
+Enable kernel development mode.  The \fB\-mkernel\fR option sets
+\&\fB\-static\fR, \fB\-fno\-common\fR, \fB\-fno\-cxa\-atexit\fR,
+\&\fB\-fno\-exceptions\fR, \fB\-fno\-non\-call\-exceptions\fR,
+\&\fB\-fapple\-kext\fR, \fB\-fno\-weak\fR and \fB\-fno\-rtti\fR where
+applicable.  This mode also sets \fB\-mno\-altivec\fR,
+\&\fB\-msoft\-float\fR, \fB\-fno\-builtin\fR and
+\&\fB\-mlong\-branch\fR for PowerPC targets.
+.IP "\fB\-mone\-byte\-bool\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mone-byte-bool"
+Override the defaults for \fBbool\fR so that \fBsizeof(bool)==1\fR.
+By default \fBsizeof(bool)\fR is \fB4\fR when compiling for
+Darwin/PowerPC and \fB1\fR when compiling for Darwin/x86, so this
+option has no effect on x86.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR The \fB\-mone\-byte\-bool\fR switch causes \s-1GCC\s0
+to generate code that is not binary compatible with code generated
+without that switch.  Using this switch may require recompiling all
+other modules in a program, including system libraries.  Use this
+switch to conform to a non-default data model.
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-and\-continue\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-and-continue"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-ffix\-and\-continue\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffix-and-continue"
+.IP "\fB\-findirect\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-findirect-data"
+.PD
+Generate code suitable for fast turn around development.  Needed to
+enable gdb to dynamically load \f(CW\*(C`.o\*(C'\fR files into already running
+programs.  \fB\-findirect\-data\fR and \fB\-ffix\-and\-continue\fR
+are provided for backwards compatibility.
+.IP "\fB\-all_load\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-all_load"
+Loads all members of static archive libraries.
+See man \fIld\fR\|(1) for more information.
+.IP "\fB\-arch_errors_fatal\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-arch_errors_fatal"
+Cause the errors having to do with files that have the wrong architecture
+to be fatal.
+.IP "\fB\-bind_at_load\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bind_at_load"
+Causes the output file to be marked such that the dynamic linker will
+bind all undefined references when the file is loaded or launched.
+.IP "\fB\-bundle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bundle"
+Produce a Mach-o bundle format file.
+See man \fIld\fR\|(1) for more information.
+.IP "\fB\-bundle_loader\fR \fIexecutable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-bundle_loader executable"
+This option specifies the \fIexecutable\fR that will be loading the build
+output file being linked.  See man \fIld\fR\|(1) for more information.
+.IP "\fB\-dynamiclib\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dynamiclib"
+When passed this option, \s-1GCC\s0 will produce a dynamic library instead of
+an executable when linking, using the Darwin \fIlibtool\fR command.
+.IP "\fB\-force_cpusubtype_ALL\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-force_cpusubtype_ALL"
+This causes \s-1GCC\s0's output file to have the \fI\s-1ALL\s0\fR subtype, instead of
+one controlled by the \fB\-mcpu\fR or \fB\-march\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-allowable_client\fR  \fIclient_name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-allowable_client  client_name"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-client_name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-client_name"
+.IP "\fB\-compatibility_version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-compatibility_version"
+.IP "\fB\-current_version\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-current_version"
+.IP "\fB\-dead_strip\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dead_strip"
+.IP "\fB\-dependency\-file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dependency-file"
+.IP "\fB\-dylib_file\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dylib_file"
+.IP "\fB\-dylinker_install_name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dylinker_install_name"
+.IP "\fB\-dynamic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-dynamic"
+.IP "\fB\-exported_symbols_list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-exported_symbols_list"
+.IP "\fB\-filelist\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-filelist"
+.IP "\fB\-flat_namespace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-flat_namespace"
+.IP "\fB\-force_flat_namespace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-force_flat_namespace"
+.IP "\fB\-headerpad_max_install_names\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-headerpad_max_install_names"
+.IP "\fB\-image_base\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-image_base"
+.IP "\fB\-init\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-init"
+.IP "\fB\-install_name\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-install_name"
+.IP "\fB\-keep_private_externs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-keep_private_externs"
+.IP "\fB\-multi_module\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-multi_module"
+.IP "\fB\-multiply_defined\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-multiply_defined"
+.IP "\fB\-multiply_defined_unused\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-multiply_defined_unused"
+.IP "\fB\-noall_load\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noall_load"
+.IP "\fB\-no_dead_strip_inits_and_terms\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-no_dead_strip_inits_and_terms"
+.IP "\fB\-nofixprebinding\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nofixprebinding"
+.IP "\fB\-nomultidefs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nomultidefs"
+.IP "\fB\-noprebind\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noprebind"
+.IP "\fB\-noseglinkedit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-noseglinkedit"
+.IP "\fB\-pagezero_size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pagezero_size"
+.IP "\fB\-prebind\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-prebind"
+.IP "\fB\-prebind_all_twolevel_modules\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-prebind_all_twolevel_modules"
+.IP "\fB\-private_bundle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-private_bundle"
+.IP "\fB\-read_only_relocs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-read_only_relocs"
+.IP "\fB\-sectalign\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sectalign"
+.IP "\fB\-sectobjectsymbols\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sectobjectsymbols"
+.IP "\fB\-whyload\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-whyload"
+.IP "\fB\-seg1addr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-seg1addr"
+.IP "\fB\-sectcreate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sectcreate"
+.IP "\fB\-sectobjectsymbols\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sectobjectsymbols"
+.IP "\fB\-sectorder\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sectorder"
+.IP "\fB\-segaddr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-segaddr"
+.IP "\fB\-segs_read_only_addr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-segs_read_only_addr"
+.IP "\fB\-segs_read_write_addr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-segs_read_write_addr"
+.IP "\fB\-seg_addr_table\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-seg_addr_table"
+.IP "\fB\-seg_addr_table_filename\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-seg_addr_table_filename"
+.IP "\fB\-seglinkedit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-seglinkedit"
+.IP "\fB\-segprot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-segprot"
+.IP "\fB\-segs_read_only_addr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-segs_read_only_addr"
+.IP "\fB\-segs_read_write_addr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-segs_read_write_addr"
+.IP "\fB\-single_module\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-single_module"
+.IP "\fB\-static\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-static"
+.IP "\fB\-sub_library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sub_library"
+.IP "\fB\-sub_umbrella\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-sub_umbrella"
+.IP "\fB\-twolevel_namespace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-twolevel_namespace"
+.IP "\fB\-umbrella\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-umbrella"
+.IP "\fB\-undefined\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-undefined"
+.IP "\fB\-unexported_symbols_list\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-unexported_symbols_list"
+.IP "\fB\-weak_reference_mismatches\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-weak_reference_mismatches"
+.IP "\fB\-whatsloaded\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-whatsloaded"
+.PD
+These options are passed to the Darwin linker.  The Darwin linker man page
+describes them in detail.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "DEC Alpha Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the \s-1DEC\s0 Alpha implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-soft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-soft-float"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the hardware floating-point instructions for
+floating-point operations.  When \fB\-msoft\-float\fR is specified,
+functions in \fIlibgcc.a\fR will be used to perform floating-point
+operations.  Unless they are replaced by routines that emulate the
+floating-point operations, or compiled in such a way as to call such
+emulations routines, these routines will issue floating-point
+operations.   If you are compiling for an Alpha without floating-point
+operations, you must ensure that the library is built so as not to call
+them.
+.Sp
+Note that Alpha implementations without floating-point operations are
+required to have floating-point registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mfp\-reg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp-reg"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fp\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fp-regs"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the floating-point register set.
+\&\fB\-mno\-fp\-regs\fR implies \fB\-msoft\-float\fR.  If the floating-point
+register set is not used, floating point operands are passed in integer
+registers as if they were integers and floating-point results are passed
+in \f(CW$0\fR instead of \f(CW$f0\fR.  This is a non-standard calling sequence,
+so any function with a floating-point argument or return value called by code
+compiled with \fB\-mno\-fp\-regs\fR must also be compiled with that
+option.
+.Sp
+A typical use of this option is building a kernel that does not use,
+and hence need not save and restore, any floating-point registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mieee\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mieee"
+The Alpha architecture implements floating-point hardware optimized for
+maximum performance.  It is mostly compliant with the \s-1IEEE\s0 floating
+point standard.  However, for full compliance, software assistance is
+required.  This option generates code fully \s-1IEEE\s0 compliant code
+\&\fIexcept\fR that the \fIinexact-flag\fR is not maintained (see below).
+If this option is turned on, the preprocessor macro \f(CW\*(C`_IEEE_FP\*(C'\fR is
+defined during compilation.  The resulting code is less efficient but is
+able to correctly support denormalized numbers and exceptional \s-1IEEE\s0
+values such as not-a-number and plus/minus infinity.  Other Alpha
+compilers call this option \fB\-ieee_with_no_inexact\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mieee\-with\-inexact\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mieee-with-inexact"
+This is like \fB\-mieee\fR except the generated code also maintains
+the \s-1IEEE\s0 \fIinexact-flag\fR.  Turning on this option causes the
+generated code to implement fully-compliant \s-1IEEE\s0 math.  In addition to
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_IEEE_FP\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_IEEE_FP_EXACT\*(C'\fR is defined as a preprocessor
+macro.  On some Alpha implementations the resulting code may execute
+significantly slower than the code generated by default.  Since there is
+very little code that depends on the \fIinexact-flag\fR, you should
+normally not specify this option.  Other Alpha compilers call this
+option \fB\-ieee_with_inexact\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mfp\-trap\-mode=\fR\fItrap-mode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp-trap-mode=trap-mode"
+This option controls what floating-point related traps are enabled.
+Other Alpha compilers call this option \fB\-fptm\fR \fItrap-mode\fR.
+The trap mode can be set to one of four values:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "n"
+This is the default (normal) setting.  The only traps that are enabled
+are the ones that cannot be disabled in software (e.g., division by zero
+trap).
+.IP "\fBu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "u"
+In addition to the traps enabled by \fBn\fR, underflow traps are enabled
+as well.
+.IP "\fBsu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "su"
+Like \fBu\fR, but the instructions are marked to be safe for software
+completion (see Alpha architecture manual for details).
+.IP "\fBsui\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sui"
+Like \fBsu\fR, but inexact traps are enabled as well.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mfp\-rounding\-mode=\fR\fIrounding-mode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp-rounding-mode=rounding-mode"
+Selects the \s-1IEEE\s0 rounding mode.  Other Alpha compilers call this option
+\&\fB\-fprm\fR \fIrounding-mode\fR.  The \fIrounding-mode\fR can be one
+of:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "n"
+Normal \s-1IEEE\s0 rounding mode.  Floating point numbers are rounded towards
+the nearest machine number or towards the even machine number in case
+of a tie.
+.IP "\fBm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "m"
+Round towards minus infinity.
+.IP "\fBc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c"
+Chopped rounding mode.  Floating point numbers are rounded towards zero.
+.IP "\fBd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "d"
+Dynamic rounding mode.  A field in the floating point control register
+(\fIfpcr\fR, see Alpha architecture reference manual) controls the
+rounding mode in effect.  The C library initializes this register for
+rounding towards plus infinity.  Thus, unless your program modifies the
+\&\fIfpcr\fR, \fBd\fR corresponds to round towards plus infinity.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mtrap\-precision=\fR\fItrap-precision\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtrap-precision=trap-precision"
+In the Alpha architecture, floating point traps are imprecise.  This
+means without software assistance it is impossible to recover from a
+floating trap and program execution normally needs to be terminated.
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 can generate code that can assist operating system trap handlers
+in determining the exact location that caused a floating point trap.
+Depending on the requirements of an application, different levels of
+precisions can be selected:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "p"
+Program precision.  This option is the default and means a trap handler
+can only identify which program caused a floating point exception.
+.IP "\fBf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "f"
+Function precision.  The trap handler can determine the function that
+caused a floating point exception.
+.IP "\fBi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "i"
+Instruction precision.  The trap handler can determine the exact
+instruction that caused a floating point exception.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+Other Alpha compilers provide the equivalent options called
+\&\fB\-scope_safe\fR and \fB\-resumption_safe\fR.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mieee\-conformant\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mieee-conformant"
+This option marks the generated code as \s-1IEEE\s0 conformant.  You must not
+use this option unless you also specify \fB\-mtrap\-precision=i\fR and either
+\&\fB\-mfp\-trap\-mode=su\fR or \fB\-mfp\-trap\-mode=sui\fR.  Its only effect
+is to emit the line \fB.eflag 48\fR in the function prologue of the
+generated assembly file.  Under \s-1DEC\s0 Unix, this has the effect that
+IEEE-conformant math library routines will be linked in.
+.IP "\fB\-mbuild\-constants\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbuild-constants"
+Normally \s-1GCC\s0 examines a 32\- or 64\-bit integer constant to
+see if it can construct it from smaller constants in two or three
+instructions.  If it cannot, it will output the constant as a literal and
+generate code to load it from the data segment at runtime.
+.Sp
+Use this option to require \s-1GCC\s0 to construct \fIall\fR integer constants
+using code, even if it takes more instructions (the maximum is six).
+.Sp
+You would typically use this option to build a shared library dynamic
+loader.  Itself a shared library, it must relocate itself in memory
+before it can find the variables and constants in its own data segment.
+.IP "\fB\-malpha\-as\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malpha-as"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mgas\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgas"
+.PD
+Select whether to generate code to be assembled by the vendor-supplied
+assembler (\fB\-malpha\-as\fR) or by the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler \fB\-mgas\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mbwx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbwx"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-bwx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-bwx"
+.IP "\fB\-mcix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcix"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-cix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-cix"
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fix"
+.IP "\fB\-mmax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmax"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-max\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-max"
+.PD
+Indicate whether \s-1GCC\s0 should generate code to use the optional \s-1BWX\s0,
+\&\s-1CIX\s0, \s-1FIX\s0 and \s-1MAX\s0 instruction sets.  The default is to use the instruction
+sets supported by the \s-1CPU\s0 type specified via \fB\-mcpu=\fR option or that
+of the \s-1CPU\s0 on which \s-1GCC\s0 was built if none was specified.
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat\-vax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat-vax"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat\-ieee\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat-ieee"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) \s-1VAX\s0 F and G floating point
+arithmetic instead of \s-1IEEE\s0 single and double precision.
+.IP "\fB\-mexplicit\-relocs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mexplicit-relocs"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-explicit\-relocs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-explicit-relocs"
+.PD
+Older Alpha assemblers provided no way to generate symbol relocations
+except via assembler macros.  Use of these macros does not allow
+optimal instruction scheduling.  \s-1GNU\s0 binutils as of version 2.12
+supports a new syntax that allows the compiler to explicitly mark
+which relocations should apply to which instructions.  This option
+is mostly useful for debugging, as \s-1GCC\s0 detects the capabilities of
+the assembler when it is built and sets the default accordingly.
+.IP "\fB\-msmall\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msmall-data"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mlarge\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlarge-data"
+.PD
+When \fB\-mexplicit\-relocs\fR is in effect, static data is
+accessed via \fIgp-relative\fR relocations.  When \fB\-msmall\-data\fR
+is used, objects 8 bytes long or smaller are placed in a \fIsmall data area\fR
+(the \f(CW\*(C`.sdata\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`.sbss\*(C'\fR sections) and are accessed via
+16\-bit relocations off of the \f(CW$gp\fR register.  This limits the
+size of the small data area to 64KB, but allows the variables to be
+directly accessed via a single instruction.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-mlarge\-data\fR.  With this option the data area
+is limited to just below 2GB.  Programs that require more than 2GB of
+data must use \f(CW\*(C`malloc\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`mmap\*(C'\fR to allocate the data in the
+heap instead of in the program's data segment.
+.Sp
+When generating code for shared libraries, \fB\-fpic\fR implies
+\&\fB\-msmall\-data\fR and \fB\-fPIC\fR implies \fB\-mlarge\-data\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msmall\-text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msmall-text"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mlarge\-text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlarge-text"
+.PD
+When \fB\-msmall\-text\fR is used, the compiler assumes that the
+code of the entire program (or shared library) fits in 4MB, and is
+thus reachable with a branch instruction.  When \fB\-msmall\-data\fR
+is used, the compiler can assume that all local symbols share the
+same \f(CW$gp\fR value, and thus reduce the number of instructions
+required for a function call from 4 to 1.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-mlarge\-text\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu_type"
+Set the instruction set and instruction scheduling parameters for
+machine type \fIcpu_type\fR.  You can specify either the \fB\s-1EV\s0\fR
+style name or the corresponding chip number.  \s-1GCC\s0 supports scheduling
+parameters for the \s-1EV4\s0, \s-1EV5\s0 and \s-1EV6\s0 family of processors and will
+choose the default values for the instruction set from the processor
+you specify.  If you do not specify a processor type, \s-1GCC\s0 will default
+to the processor on which the compiler was built.
+.Sp
+Supported values for \fIcpu_type\fR are
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBev4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ev4"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBev45\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ev45"
+.IP "\fB21064\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21064"
+.PD
+Schedules as an \s-1EV4\s0 and has no instruction set extensions.
+.IP "\fBev5\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ev5"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB21164\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21164"
+.PD
+Schedules as an \s-1EV5\s0 and has no instruction set extensions.
+.IP "\fBev56\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ev56"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB21164a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21164a"
+.PD
+Schedules as an \s-1EV5\s0 and supports the \s-1BWX\s0 extension.
+.IP "\fBpca56\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pca56"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB21164pc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21164pc"
+.IP "\fB21164PC\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21164PC"
+.PD
+Schedules as an \s-1EV5\s0 and supports the \s-1BWX\s0 and \s-1MAX\s0 extensions.
+.IP "\fBev6\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ev6"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB21264\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21264"
+.PD
+Schedules as an \s-1EV6\s0 and supports the \s-1BWX\s0, \s-1FIX\s0, and \s-1MAX\s0 extensions.
+.IP "\fBev67\fR" 4
+.IX Item "ev67"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB21264a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "21264a"
+.PD
+Schedules as an \s-1EV6\s0 and supports the \s-1BWX\s0, \s-1CIX\s0, \s-1FIX\s0, and \s-1MAX\s0 extensions.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+Native Linux/GNU toolchains also support the value \fBnative\fR,
+which selects the best architecture option for the host processor.
+\&\fB\-mcpu=native\fR has no effect if \s-1GCC\s0 does not recognize
+the processor.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=cpu_type"
+Set only the instruction scheduling parameters for machine type
+\&\fIcpu_type\fR.  The instruction set is not changed.
+.Sp
+Native Linux/GNU toolchains also support the value \fBnative\fR,
+which selects the best architecture option for the host processor.
+\&\fB\-mtune=native\fR has no effect if \s-1GCC\s0 does not recognize
+the processor.
+.IP "\fB\-mmemory\-latency=\fR\fItime\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmemory-latency=time"
+Sets the latency the scheduler should assume for typical memory
+references as seen by the application.  This number is highly
+dependent on the memory access patterns used by the application
+and the size of the external cache on the machine.
+.Sp
+Valid options for \fItime\fR are
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "number"
+A decimal number representing clock cycles.
+.IP "\fBL1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "L1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBL2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "L2"
+.IP "\fBL3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "L3"
+.IP "\fBmain\fR" 4
+.IX Item "main"
+.PD
+The compiler contains estimates of the number of clock cycles for
+\&\*(L"typical\*(R" \s-1EV4\s0 & \s-1EV5\s0 hardware for the Level 1, 2 & 3 caches
+(also called Dcache, Scache, and Bcache), as well as to main memory.
+Note that L3 is only valid for \s-1EV5\s0.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI\s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "DEC Alpha/VMS Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the \s-1DEC\s0 Alpha/VMS implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-mvms\-return\-codes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvms-return-codes"
+Return \s-1VMS\s0 condition codes from main.  The default is to return \s-1POSIX\s0
+style condition (e.g. error) codes.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1FR30\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "FR30 Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined specifically for the \s-1FR30\s0 port.
+.IP "\fB\-msmall\-model\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msmall-model"
+Use the small address space model.  This can produce smaller code, but
+it does assume that all symbolic values and addresses will fit into a
+20\-bit range.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-lsim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-lsim"
+Assume that run-time support has been provided and so there is no need
+to include the simulator library (\fIlibsim.a\fR) on the linker
+command line.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1FRV\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "FRV Options"
+.IP "\fB\-mgpr\-32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgpr-32"
+Only use the first 32 general purpose registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mgpr\-64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgpr-64"
+Use all 64 general purpose registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mfpr\-32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpr-32"
+Use only the first 32 floating point registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mfpr\-64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpr-64"
+Use all 64 floating point registers
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+Use hardware instructions for floating point operations.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Use library routines for floating point operations.
+.IP "\fB\-malloc\-cc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malloc-cc"
+Dynamically allocate condition code registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mfixed\-cc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfixed-cc"
+Do not try to dynamically allocate condition code registers, only
+use \f(CW\*(C`icc0\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`fcc0\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mdword\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdword"
+Change \s-1ABI\s0 to use double word insns.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-dword\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-dword"
+Do not use double word instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mdouble\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdouble"
+Use floating point double instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-double\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-double"
+Do not use floating point double instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mmedia\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmedia"
+Use media instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-media\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-media"
+Do not use media instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mmuladd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmuladd"
+Use multiply and add/subtract instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-muladd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-muladd"
+Do not use multiply and add/subtract instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mfdpic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfdpic"
+Select the \s-1FDPIC\s0 \s-1ABI\s0, that uses function descriptors to represent
+pointers to functions.  Without any PIC/PIE\-related options, it
+implies \fB\-fPIE\fR.  With \fB\-fpic\fR or \fB\-fpie\fR, it
+assumes \s-1GOT\s0 entries and small data are within a 12\-bit range from the
+\&\s-1GOT\s0 base address; with \fB\-fPIC\fR or \fB\-fPIE\fR, \s-1GOT\s0 offsets
+are computed with 32 bits.
+With a \fBbfin-elf\fR target, this option implies \fB\-msim\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-plt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-plt"
+Enable inlining of \s-1PLT\s0 entries in function calls to functions that are
+not known to bind locally.  It has no effect without \fB\-mfdpic\fR.
+It's enabled by default if optimizing for speed and compiling for
+shared libraries (i.e., \fB\-fPIC\fR or \fB\-fpic\fR), or when an
+optimization option such as \fB\-O3\fR or above is present in the
+command line.
+.IP "\fB\-mTLS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mTLS"
+Assume a large \s-1TLS\s0 segment when generating thread-local code.
+.IP "\fB\-mtls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtls"
+Do not assume a large \s-1TLS\s0 segment when generating thread-local code.
+.IP "\fB\-mgprel\-ro\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgprel-ro"
+Enable the use of \f(CW\*(C`GPREL\*(C'\fR relocations in the \s-1FDPIC\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 for data
+that is known to be in read-only sections.  It's enabled by default,
+except for \fB\-fpic\fR or \fB\-fpie\fR: even though it may help
+make the global offset table smaller, it trades 1 instruction for 4.
+With \fB\-fPIC\fR or \fB\-fPIE\fR, it trades 3 instructions for 4,
+one of which may be shared by multiple symbols, and it avoids the need
+for a \s-1GOT\s0 entry for the referenced symbol, so it's more likely to be a
+win.  If it is not, \fB\-mno\-gprel\-ro\fR can be used to disable it.
+.IP "\fB\-multilib\-library\-pic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-multilib-library-pic"
+Link with the (library, not \s-1FD\s0) pic libraries.  It's implied by
+\&\fB\-mlibrary\-pic\fR, as well as by \fB\-fPIC\fR and
+\&\fB\-fpic\fR without \fB\-mfdpic\fR.  You should never have to use
+it explicitly.
+.IP "\fB\-mlinked\-fp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlinked-fp"
+Follow the \s-1EABI\s0 requirement of always creating a frame pointer whenever
+a stack frame is allocated.  This option is enabled by default and can
+be disabled with \fB\-mno\-linked\-fp\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+Use indirect addressing to call functions outside the current
+compilation unit.  This allows the functions to be placed anywhere
+within the 32\-bit address space.
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-labels\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-labels"
+Try to align labels to an 8\-byte boundary by inserting nops into the
+previous packet.  This option only has an effect when \s-1VLIW\s0 packing
+is enabled.  It doesn't create new packets; it merely adds nops to
+existing ones.
+.IP "\fB\-mlibrary\-pic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlibrary-pic"
+Generate position-independent \s-1EABI\s0 code.
+.IP "\fB\-macc\-4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-macc-4"
+Use only the first four media accumulator registers.
+.IP "\fB\-macc\-8\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-macc-8"
+Use all eight media accumulator registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mpack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpack"
+Pack \s-1VLIW\s0 instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-pack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-pack"
+Do not pack \s-1VLIW\s0 instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-eflags\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-eflags"
+Do not mark \s-1ABI\s0 switches in e_flags.
+.IP "\fB\-mcond\-move\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcond-move"
+Enable the use of conditional-move instructions (default).
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-cond\-move\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-cond-move"
+Disable the use of conditional-move instructions.
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mscc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mscc"
+Enable the use of conditional set instructions (default).
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-scc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-scc"
+Disable the use of conditional set instructions.
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mcond\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcond-exec"
+Enable the use of conditional execution (default).
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-cond\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-cond-exec"
+Disable the use of conditional execution.
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mvliw\-branch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvliw-branch"
+Run a pass to pack branches into \s-1VLIW\s0 instructions (default).
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-vliw\-branch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-vliw-branch"
+Do not run a pass to pack branches into \s-1VLIW\s0 instructions.
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mmulti\-cond\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmulti-cond-exec"
+Enable optimization of \f(CW\*(C`&&\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`||\*(C'\fR in conditional execution
+(default).
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-multi\-cond\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-multi-cond-exec"
+Disable optimization of \f(CW\*(C`&&\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`||\*(C'\fR in conditional execution.
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mnested\-cond\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mnested-cond-exec"
+Enable nested conditional execution optimizations (default).
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-nested\-cond\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-nested-cond-exec"
+Disable nested conditional execution optimizations.
+.Sp
+This switch is mainly for debugging the compiler and will likely be removed
+in a future version.
+.IP "\fB\-moptimize\-membar\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-moptimize-membar"
+This switch removes redundant \f(CW\*(C`membar\*(C'\fR instructions from the
+compiler generated code.  It is enabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-optimize\-membar\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-optimize-membar"
+This switch disables the automatic removal of redundant \f(CW\*(C`membar\*(C'\fR
+instructions from the generated code.
+.IP "\fB\-mtomcat\-stats\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtomcat-stats"
+Cause gas to print out tomcat statistics.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu"
+Select the processor type for which to generate code.  Possible values are
+\&\fBfrv\fR, \fBfr550\fR, \fBtomcat\fR, \fBfr500\fR, \fBfr450\fR,
+\&\fBfr405\fR, \fBfr400\fR, \fBfr300\fR and \fBsimple\fR.
+.PP
+\fIGNU/Linux Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "GNU/Linux Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for GNU/Linux targets:
+.IP "\fB\-mglibc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mglibc"
+Use the \s-1GNU\s0 C library instead of uClibc.  This is the default except
+on \fB*\-*\-linux\-*uclibc*\fR targets.
+.IP "\fB\-muclibc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-muclibc"
+Use uClibc instead of the \s-1GNU\s0 C library.  This is the default on
+\&\fB*\-*\-linux\-*uclibc*\fR targets.
+.PP
+\fIH8/300 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "H8/300 Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the H8/300 implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-mrelax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrelax"
+Shorten some address references at link time, when possible; uses the
+linker option \fB\-relax\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mh\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mh"
+Generate code for the H8/300H.
+.IP "\fB\-ms\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ms"
+Generate code for the H8S.
+.IP "\fB\-mn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mn"
+Generate code for the H8S and H8/300H in the normal mode.  This switch
+must be used either with \fB\-mh\fR or \fB\-ms\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-ms2600\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ms2600"
+Generate code for the H8S/2600.  This switch must be used with \fB\-ms\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mint32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mint32"
+Make \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR data 32 bits by default.
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-300\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-300"
+On the H8/300H and H8S, use the same alignment rules as for the H8/300.
+The default for the H8/300H and H8S is to align longs and floats on 4
+byte boundaries.
+\&\fB\-malign\-300\fR causes them to be aligned on 2 byte boundaries.
+This option has no effect on the H8/300.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1HPPA\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "HPPA Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the \s-1HPPA\s0 family of computers:
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIarchitecture-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=architecture-type"
+Generate code for the specified architecture.  The choices for
+\&\fIarchitecture-type\fR are \fB1.0\fR for \s-1PA\s0 1.0, \fB1.1\fR for \s-1PA\s0
+1.1, and \fB2.0\fR for \s-1PA\s0 2.0 processors.  Refer to
+\&\fI/usr/lib/sched.models\fR on an HP-UX system to determine the proper
+architecture option for your machine.  Code compiled for lower numbered
+architectures will run on higher numbered architectures, but not the
+other way around.
+.IP "\fB\-mpa\-risc\-1\-0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpa-risc-1-0"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mpa\-risc\-1\-1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpa-risc-1-1"
+.IP "\fB\-mpa\-risc\-2\-0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpa-risc-2-0"
+.PD
+Synonyms for \fB\-march=1.0\fR, \fB\-march=1.1\fR, and \fB\-march=2.0\fR respectively.
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\-switch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig-switch"
+Generate code suitable for big switch tables.  Use this option only if
+the assembler/linker complain about out of range branches within a switch
+table.
+.IP "\fB\-mjump\-in\-delay\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mjump-in-delay"
+Fill delay slots of function calls with unconditional jump instructions
+by modifying the return pointer for the function call to be the target
+of the conditional jump.
+.IP "\fB\-mdisable\-fpregs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdisable-fpregs"
+Prevent floating point registers from being used in any manner.  This is
+necessary for compiling kernels which perform lazy context switching of
+floating point registers.  If you use this option and attempt to perform
+floating point operations, the compiler will abort.
+.IP "\fB\-mdisable\-indexing\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdisable-indexing"
+Prevent the compiler from using indexing address modes.  This avoids some
+rather obscure problems when compiling \s-1MIG\s0 generated code under \s-1MACH\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-space\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-space-regs"
+Generate code that assumes the target has no space registers.  This allows
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 to generate faster indirect calls and use unscaled index address modes.
+.Sp
+Such code is suitable for level 0 \s-1PA\s0 systems and kernels.
+.IP "\fB\-mfast\-indirect\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfast-indirect-calls"
+Generate code that assumes calls never cross space boundaries.  This
+allows \s-1GCC\s0 to emit code which performs faster indirect calls.
+.Sp
+This option will not work in the presence of shared libraries or nested
+functions.
+.IP "\fB\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfixed-range=register-range"
+Generate code treating the given register range as fixed registers.
+A fixed register is one that the register allocator can not use.  This is
+useful when compiling kernel code.  A register range is specified as
+two registers separated by a dash.  Multiple register ranges can be
+specified separated by a comma.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-load\-store\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-load-store"
+Generate 3\-instruction load and store sequences as sometimes required by
+the HP-UX 10 linker.  This is equivalent to the \fB+k\fR option to
+the \s-1HP\s0 compilers.
+.IP "\fB\-mportable\-runtime\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mportable-runtime"
+Use the portable calling conventions proposed by \s-1HP\s0 for \s-1ELF\s0 systems.
+.IP "\fB\-mgas\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgas"
+Enable the use of assembler directives only \s-1GAS\s0 understands.
+.IP "\fB\-mschedule=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mschedule=cpu-type"
+Schedule code according to the constraints for the machine type
+\&\fIcpu-type\fR.  The choices for \fIcpu-type\fR are \fB700\fR
+\&\fB7100\fR, \fB7100LC\fR, \fB7200\fR, \fB7300\fR and \fB8000\fR.  Refer
+to \fI/usr/lib/sched.models\fR on an HP-UX system to determine the
+proper scheduling option for your machine.  The default scheduling is
+\&\fB8000\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mlinker\-opt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlinker-opt"
+Enable the optimization pass in the HP-UX linker.  Note this makes symbolic
+debugging impossible.  It also triggers a bug in the HP-UX 8 and HP-UX 9
+linkers in which they give bogus error messages when linking some programs.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Generate output containing library calls for floating point.
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the requisite libraries are not available for all \s-1HPPA\s0
+targets.  Normally the facilities of the machine's usual C compiler are
+used, but this cannot be done directly in cross-compilation.  You must make
+your own arrangements to provide suitable library functions for
+cross-compilation.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-msoft\-float\fR changes the calling convention in the output file;
+therefore, it is only useful if you compile \fIall\fR of a program with
+this option.  In particular, you need to compile \fIlibgcc.a\fR, the
+library that comes with \s-1GCC\s0, with \fB\-msoft\-float\fR in order for
+this to work.
+.IP "\fB\-msio\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msio"
+Generate the predefine, \f(CW\*(C`_SIO\*(C'\fR, for server \s-1IO\s0.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mwsio\fR.  This generates the predefines, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_hp9000s700\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_hp9000s700_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_WSIO\*(C'\fR, for workstation \s-1IO\s0.  These
+options are available under HP-UX and HI-UX.
+.IP "\fB\-mgnu\-ld\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgnu-ld"
+Use \s-1GNU\s0 ld specific options.  This passes \fB\-shared\fR to ld when
+building a shared library.  It is the default when \s-1GCC\s0 is configured,
+explicitly or implicitly, with the \s-1GNU\s0 linker.  This option does not
+have any affect on which ld is called, it only changes what parameters
+are passed to that ld.  The ld that is called is determined by the
+\&\fB\-\-with\-ld\fR configure option, \s-1GCC\s0's program search path, and
+finally by the user's \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR.  The linker used by \s-1GCC\s0 can be printed
+using \fBwhich `gcc \-print\-prog\-name=ld`\fR.  This option is only available
+on the 64 bit HP-UX \s-1GCC\s0, i.e. configured with \fBhppa*64*\-*\-hpux*\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mhp\-ld\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhp-ld"
+Use \s-1HP\s0 ld specific options.  This passes \fB\-b\fR to ld when building
+a shared library and passes \fB+Accept TypeMismatch\fR to ld on all
+links.  It is the default when \s-1GCC\s0 is configured, explicitly or
+implicitly, with the \s-1HP\s0 linker.  This option does not have any affect on
+which ld is called, it only changes what parameters are passed to that
+ld.  The ld that is called is determined by the \fB\-\-with\-ld\fR
+configure option, \s-1GCC\s0's program search path, and finally by the user's
+\&\fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR.  The linker used by \s-1GCC\s0 can be printed using \fBwhich
+`gcc \-print\-prog\-name=ld`\fR.  This option is only available on the 64 bit
+HP-UX \s-1GCC\s0, i.e. configured with \fBhppa*64*\-*\-hpux*\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+Generate code that uses long call sequences.  This ensures that a call
+is always able to reach linker generated stubs.  The default is to generate
+long calls only when the distance from the call site to the beginning
+of the function or translation unit, as the case may be, exceeds a
+predefined limit set by the branch type being used.  The limits for
+normal calls are 7,600,000 and 240,000 bytes, respectively for the
+\&\s-1PA\s0 2.0 and \s-1PA\s0 1.X architectures.  Sibcalls are always limited at
+240,000 bytes.
+.Sp
+Distances are measured from the beginning of functions when using the
+\&\fB\-ffunction\-sections\fR option, or when using the \fB\-mgas\fR
+and \fB\-mno\-portable\-runtime\fR options together under HP-UX with
+the \s-1SOM\s0 linker.
+.Sp
+It is normally not desirable to use this option as it will degrade
+performance.  However, it may be useful in large applications,
+particularly when partial linking is used to build the application.
+.Sp
+The types of long calls used depends on the capabilities of the
+assembler and linker, and the type of code being generated.  The
+impact on systems that support long absolute calls, and long pic
+symbol-difference or pc-relative calls should be relatively small.
+However, an indirect call is used on 32\-bit \s-1ELF\s0 systems in pic code
+and it is quite long.
+.IP "\fB\-munix=\fR\fIunix-std\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-munix=unix-std"
+Generate compiler predefines and select a startfile for the specified
+\&\s-1UNIX\s0 standard.  The choices for \fIunix-std\fR are \fB93\fR, \fB95\fR
+and \fB98\fR.  \fB93\fR is supported on all HP-UX versions.  \fB95\fR
+is available on HP-UX 10.10 and later.  \fB98\fR is available on HP-UX
+11.11 and later.  The default values are \fB93\fR for HP-UX 10.00,
+\&\fB95\fR for HP-UX 10.10 though to 11.00, and \fB98\fR for HP-UX 11.11
+and later.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-munix=93\fR provides the same predefines as \s-1GCC\s0 3.3 and 3.4.
+\&\fB\-munix=95\fR provides additional predefines for \f(CW\*(C`XOPEN_UNIX\*(C'\fR
+and \f(CW\*(C`_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED\*(C'\fR, and the startfile \fIunix95.o\fR.
+\&\fB\-munix=98\fR provides additional predefines for \f(CW\*(C`_XOPEN_UNIX\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_INCLUDE_\|_STDC_A1_SOURCE\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_INCLUDE_XOPEN_SOURCE_500\*(C'\fR, and the startfile \fIunix98.o\fR.
+.Sp
+It is \fIimportant\fR to note that this option changes the interfaces
+for various library routines.  It also affects the operational behavior
+of the C library.  Thus, \fIextreme\fR care is needed in using this
+option.
+.Sp
+Library code that is intended to operate with more than one \s-1UNIX\s0
+standard must test, set and restore the variable \fI_\|_xpg4_extended_mask\fR
+as appropriate.  Most \s-1GNU\s0 software doesn't provide this capability.
+.IP "\fB\-nolibdld\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nolibdld"
+Suppress the generation of link options to search libdld.sl when the
+\&\fB\-static\fR option is specified on HP-UX 10 and later.
+.IP "\fB\-static\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-static"
+The HP-UX implementation of setlocale in libc has a dependency on
+libdld.sl.  There isn't an archive version of libdld.sl.  Thus,
+when the \fB\-static\fR option is specified, special link options
+are needed to resolve this dependency.
+.Sp
+On HP-UX 10 and later, the \s-1GCC\s0 driver adds the necessary options to
+link with libdld.sl when the \fB\-static\fR option is specified.
+This causes the resulting binary to be dynamic.  On the 64\-bit port,
+the linkers generate dynamic binaries by default in any case.  The
+\&\fB\-nolibdld\fR option can be used to prevent the \s-1GCC\s0 driver from
+adding these link options.
+.IP "\fB\-threads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-threads"
+Add support for multithreading with the \fIdce thread\fR library
+under HP-UX.  This option sets flags for both the preprocessor and
+linker.
+.PP
+\fIIntel 386 and \s-1AMD\s0 x86\-64 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "Intel 386 and AMD x86-64 Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the i386 and x86\-64 family of
+computers:
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=cpu-type"
+Tune to \fIcpu-type\fR everything applicable about the generated code, except
+for the \s-1ABI\s0 and the set of available instructions.  The choices for
+\&\fIcpu-type\fR are:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fIgeneric\fR" 4
+.IX Item "generic"
+Produce code optimized for the most common \s-1IA32/AMD64/EM64T\s0 processors.
+If you know the \s-1CPU\s0 on which your code will run, then you should use
+the corresponding \fB\-mtune\fR option instead of
+\&\fB\-mtune=generic\fR.  But, if you do not know exactly what \s-1CPU\s0 users
+of your application will have, then you should use this option.
+.Sp
+As new processors are deployed in the marketplace, the behavior of this
+option will change.  Therefore, if you upgrade to a newer version of
+\&\s-1GCC\s0, the code generated option will change to reflect the processors
+that were most common when that version of \s-1GCC\s0 was released.
+.Sp
+There is no \fB\-march=generic\fR option because \fB\-march\fR
+indicates the instruction set the compiler can use, and there is no
+generic instruction set applicable to all processors.  In contrast,
+\&\fB\-mtune\fR indicates the processor (or, in this case, collection of
+processors) for which the code is optimized.
+.IP "\fInative\fR" 4
+.IX Item "native"
+This selects the \s-1CPU\s0 to tune for at compilation time by determining
+the processor type of the compiling machine.  Using \fB\-mtune=native\fR
+will produce code optimized for the local machine under the constraints
+of the selected instruction set.  Using \fB\-march=native\fR will
+enable all instruction subsets supported by the local machine (hence
+the result might not run on different machines).
+.IP "\fIi386\fR" 4
+.IX Item "i386"
+Original Intel's i386 \s-1CPU\s0.
+.IP "\fIi486\fR" 4
+.IX Item "i486"
+Intel's i486 \s-1CPU\s0.  (No scheduling is implemented for this chip.)
+.IP "\fIi586, pentium\fR" 4
+.IX Item "i586, pentium"
+Intel Pentium \s-1CPU\s0 with no \s-1MMX\s0 support.
+.IP "\fIpentium-mmx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pentium-mmx"
+Intel PentiumMMX \s-1CPU\s0 based on Pentium core with \s-1MMX\s0 instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIpentiumpro\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pentiumpro"
+Intel PentiumPro \s-1CPU\s0.
+.IP "\fIi686\fR" 4
+.IX Item "i686"
+Same as \f(CW\*(C`generic\*(C'\fR, but when used as \f(CW\*(C`march\*(C'\fR option, PentiumPro
+instruction set will be used, so the code will run on all i686 family chips.
+.IP "\fIpentium2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pentium2"
+Intel Pentium2 \s-1CPU\s0 based on PentiumPro core with \s-1MMX\s0 instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIpentium3, pentium3m\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pentium3, pentium3m"
+Intel Pentium3 \s-1CPU\s0 based on PentiumPro core with \s-1MMX\s0 and \s-1SSE\s0 instruction set
+support.
+.IP "\fIpentium-m\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pentium-m"
+Low power version of Intel Pentium3 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0 and \s-1SSE2\s0 instruction set
+support.  Used by Centrino notebooks.
+.IP "\fIpentium4, pentium4m\fR" 4
+.IX Item "pentium4, pentium4m"
+Intel Pentium4 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0 and \s-1SSE2\s0 instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIprescott\fR" 4
+.IX Item "prescott"
+Improved version of Intel Pentium4 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0, \s-1SSE2\s0 and \s-1SSE3\s0 instruction
+set support.
+.IP "\fInocona\fR" 4
+.IX Item "nocona"
+Improved version of Intel Pentium4 \s-1CPU\s0 with 64\-bit extensions, \s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0,
+\&\s-1SSE2\s0 and \s-1SSE3\s0 instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIcore2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "core2"
+Intel Core2 \s-1CPU\s0 with 64\-bit extensions, \s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0, \s-1SSE2\s0, \s-1SSE3\s0 and \s-1SSSE3\s0
+instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIk6\fR" 4
+.IX Item "k6"
+\&\s-1AMD\s0 K6 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0 instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIk6\-2, k6\-3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "k6-2, k6-3"
+Improved versions of \s-1AMD\s0 K6 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0 and 3dNOW! instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIathlon, athlon-tbird\fR" 4
+.IX Item "athlon, athlon-tbird"
+\&\s-1AMD\s0 Athlon \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW! and \s-1SSE\s0 prefetch instructions
+support.
+.IP "\fIathlon\-4, athlon-xp, athlon-mp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "athlon-4, athlon-xp, athlon-mp"
+Improved \s-1AMD\s0 Athlon \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW! and full \s-1SSE\s0
+instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIk8, opteron, athlon64, athlon-fx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "k8, opteron, athlon64, athlon-fx"
+\&\s-1AMD\s0 K8 core based CPUs with x86\-64 instruction set support.  (This supersets
+\&\s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0, \s-1SSE2\s0, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW! and 64\-bit instruction set extensions.)
+.IP "\fIk8\-sse3, opteron\-sse3, athlon64\-sse3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "k8-sse3, opteron-sse3, athlon64-sse3"
+Improved versions of k8, opteron and athlon64 with \s-1SSE3\s0 instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIamdfam10, barcelona\fR" 4
+.IX Item "amdfam10, barcelona"
+\&\s-1AMD\s0 Family 10h core based CPUs with x86\-64 instruction set support.  (This
+supersets \s-1MMX\s0, \s-1SSE\s0, \s-1SSE2\s0, \s-1SSE3\s0, \s-1SSE4A\s0, 3dNOW!, enhanced 3dNOW!, \s-1ABM\s0 and 64\-bit
+instruction set extensions.)
+.IP "\fIwinchip\-c6\fR" 4
+.IX Item "winchip-c6"
+\&\s-1IDT\s0 Winchip C6 \s-1CPU\s0, dealt in same way as i486 with additional \s-1MMX\s0 instruction
+set support.
+.IP "\fIwinchip2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "winchip2"
+\&\s-1IDT\s0 Winchip2 \s-1CPU\s0, dealt in same way as i486 with additional \s-1MMX\s0 and 3dNOW!
+instruction set support.
+.IP "\fIc3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c3"
+Via C3 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0 and 3dNOW! instruction set support.  (No scheduling is
+implemented for this chip.)
+.IP "\fIc3\-2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "c3-2"
+Via C3\-2 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0 and \s-1SSE\s0 instruction set support.  (No scheduling is
+implemented for this chip.)
+.IP "\fIgeode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "geode"
+Embedded \s-1AMD\s0 \s-1CPU\s0 with \s-1MMX\s0 and 3dNOW! instruction set support.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+While picking a specific \fIcpu-type\fR will schedule things appropriately
+for that particular chip, the compiler will not generate any code that
+does not run on the i386 without the \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR option
+being used.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=cpu-type"
+Generate instructions for the machine type \fIcpu-type\fR.  The choices
+for \fIcpu-type\fR are the same as for \fB\-mtune\fR.  Moreover,
+specifying \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR implies \fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu-type"
+A deprecated synonym for \fB\-mtune\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mfpmath=\fR\fIunit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpmath=unit"
+Generate floating point arithmetics for selected unit \fIunit\fR.  The choices
+for \fIunit\fR are:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fB387\fR" 4
+.IX Item "387"
+Use the standard 387 floating point coprocessor present majority of chips and
+emulated otherwise.  Code compiled with this option will run almost everywhere.
+The temporary results are computed in 80bit precision instead of precision
+specified by the type resulting in slightly different results compared to most
+of other chips.  See \fB\-ffloat\-store\fR for more detailed description.
+.Sp
+This is the default choice for i386 compiler.
+.IP "\fBsse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sse"
+Use scalar floating point instructions present in the \s-1SSE\s0 instruction set.
+This instruction set is supported by Pentium3 and newer chips, in the \s-1AMD\s0 line
+by Athlon\-4, Athlon-xp and Athlon-mp chips.  The earlier version of \s-1SSE\s0
+instruction set supports only single precision arithmetics, thus the double and
+extended precision arithmetics is still done using 387.  Later version, present
+only in Pentium4 and the future \s-1AMD\s0 x86\-64 chips supports double precision
+arithmetics too.
+.Sp
+For the i386 compiler, you need to use \fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR, \fB\-msse\fR
+or \fB\-msse2\fR switches to enable \s-1SSE\s0 extensions and make this option
+effective.  For the x86\-64 compiler, these extensions are enabled by default.
+.Sp
+The resulting code should be considerably faster in the majority of cases and avoid
+the numerical instability problems of 387 code, but may break some existing
+code that expects temporaries to be 80bit.
+.Sp
+This is the default choice for the x86\-64 compiler.
+.IP "\fBsse,387\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sse,387"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBsse+387\fR" 4
+.IX Item "sse+387"
+.IP "\fBboth\fR" 4
+.IX Item "both"
+.PD
+Attempt to utilize both instruction sets at once.  This effectively double the
+amount of available registers and on chips with separate execution units for
+387 and \s-1SSE\s0 the execution resources too.  Use this option with care, as it is
+still experimental, because the \s-1GCC\s0 register allocator does not model separate
+functional units well resulting in instable performance.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-masm=\fR\fIdialect\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-masm=dialect"
+Output asm instructions using selected \fIdialect\fR.  Supported
+choices are \fBintel\fR or \fBatt\fR (the default one).  Darwin does
+not support \fBintel\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mieee\-fp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mieee-fp"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-ieee\-fp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-ieee-fp"
+.PD
+Control whether or not the compiler uses \s-1IEEE\s0 floating point
+comparisons.  These handle correctly the case where the result of a
+comparison is unordered.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Generate output containing library calls for floating point.
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the requisite libraries are not part of \s-1GCC\s0.
+Normally the facilities of the machine's usual C compiler are used, but
+this can't be done directly in cross-compilation.  You must make your
+own arrangements to provide suitable library functions for
+cross-compilation.
+.Sp
+On machines where a function returns floating point results in the 80387
+register stack, some floating point opcodes may be emitted even if
+\&\fB\-msoft\-float\fR is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fp\-ret\-in\-387\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fp-ret-in-387"
+Do not use the \s-1FPU\s0 registers for return values of functions.
+.Sp
+The usual calling convention has functions return values of types
+\&\f(CW\*(C`float\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR in an \s-1FPU\s0 register, even if there
+is no \s-1FPU\s0.  The idea is that the operating system should emulate
+an \s-1FPU\s0.
+.Sp
+The option \fB\-mno\-fp\-ret\-in\-387\fR causes such values to be returned
+in ordinary \s-1CPU\s0 registers instead.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fancy\-math\-387\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fancy-math-387"
+Some 387 emulators do not support the \f(CW\*(C`sin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`cos\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`sqrt\*(C'\fR instructions for the 387.  Specify this option to avoid
+generating those instructions.  This option is the default on FreeBSD,
+OpenBSD and NetBSD.  This option is overridden when \fB\-march\fR
+indicates that the target cpu will always have an \s-1FPU\s0 and so the
+instruction will not need emulation.  As of revision 2.6.1, these
+instructions are not generated unless you also use the
+\&\fB\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations\fR switch.
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-double\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-double"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-align\-double\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-align-double"
+.PD
+Control whether \s-1GCC\s0 aligns \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR, and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`long long\*(C'\fR variables on a two word boundary or a one word
+boundary.  Aligning \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR variables on a two word boundary will
+produce code that runs somewhat faster on a \fBPentium\fR at the
+expense of more memory.
+.Sp
+On x86\-64, \fB\-malign\-double\fR is enabled by default.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR if you use the \fB\-malign\-double\fR switch,
+structures containing the above types will be aligned differently than
+the published application binary interface specifications for the 386
+and will not be binary compatible with structures in code compiled
+without that switch.
+.IP "\fB\-m96bit\-long\-double\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m96bit-long-double"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m128bit\-long\-double\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m128bit-long-double"
+.PD
+These switches control the size of \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR type.  The i386
+application binary interface specifies the size to be 96 bits,
+so \fB\-m96bit\-long\-double\fR is the default in 32 bit mode.
+.Sp
+Modern architectures (Pentium and newer) would prefer \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR
+to be aligned to an 8 or 16 byte boundary.  In arrays or structures
+conforming to the \s-1ABI\s0, this would not be possible.  So specifying a
+\&\fB\-m128bit\-long\-double\fR will align \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR
+to a 16 byte boundary by padding the \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR with an additional
+32 bit zero.
+.Sp
+In the x86\-64 compiler, \fB\-m128bit\-long\-double\fR is the default choice as
+its \s-1ABI\s0 specifies that \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR is to be aligned on 16 byte boundary.
+.Sp
+Notice that neither of these options enable any extra precision over the x87
+standard of 80 bits for a \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR if you override the default value for your target \s-1ABI\s0, the
+structures and arrays containing \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR variables will change
+their size as well as function calling convention for function taking
+\&\f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR will be modified.  Hence they will not be binary
+compatible with arrays or structures in code compiled without that switch.
+.IP "\fB\-mlarge\-data\-threshold=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlarge-data-threshold=number"
+When \fB\-mcmodel=medium\fR is specified, the data greater than
+\&\fIthreshold\fR are placed in large data section.  This value must be the
+same across all object linked into the binary and defaults to 65535.
+.IP "\fB\-mrtd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrtd"
+Use a different function-calling convention, in which functions that
+take a fixed number of arguments return with the \f(CW\*(C`ret\*(C'\fR \fInum\fR
+instruction, which pops their arguments while returning.  This saves one
+instruction in the caller since there is no need to pop the arguments
+there.
+.Sp
+You can specify that an individual function is called with this calling
+sequence with the function attribute \fBstdcall\fR.  You can also
+override the \fB\-mrtd\fR option by using the function attribute
+\&\fBcdecl\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR this calling convention is incompatible with the one
+normally used on Unix, so you cannot use it if you need to call
+libraries compiled with the Unix compiler.
+.Sp
+Also, you must provide function prototypes for all functions that
+take variable numbers of arguments (including \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR);
+otherwise incorrect code will be generated for calls to those
+functions.
+.Sp
+In addition, seriously incorrect code will result if you call a
+function with too many arguments.  (Normally, extra arguments are
+harmlessly ignored.)
+.IP "\fB\-mregparm=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mregparm=num"
+Control how many registers are used to pass integer arguments.  By
+default, no registers are used to pass arguments, and at most 3
+registers can be used.  You can control this behavior for a specific
+function by using the function attribute \fBregparm\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR if you use this switch, and
+\&\fInum\fR is nonzero, then you must build all modules with the same
+value, including any libraries.  This includes the system libraries and
+startup modules.
+.IP "\fB\-msseregparm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msseregparm"
+Use \s-1SSE\s0 register passing conventions for float and double arguments
+and return values.  You can control this behavior for a specific
+function by using the function attribute \fBsseregparm\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR if you use this switch then you must build all
+modules with the same value, including any libraries.  This includes
+the system libraries and startup modules.
+.IP "\fB\-mpc32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpc32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mpc64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpc64"
+.IP "\fB\-mpc80\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpc80"
+.PD
+Set 80387 floating-point precision to 32, 64 or 80 bits.  When \fB\-mpc32\fR
+is specified, the significands of results of floating-point operations are
+rounded to 24 bits (single precision); \fB\-mpc64\fR rounds the
+significands of results of floating-point operations to 53 bits (double
+precision) and \fB\-mpc80\fR rounds the significands of results of
+floating-point operations to 64 bits (extended double precision), which is
+the default.  When this option is used, floating-point operations in higher
+precisions are not available to the programmer without setting the \s-1FPU\s0
+control word explicitly.
+.Sp
+Setting the rounding of floating-point operations to less than the default
+80 bits can speed some programs by 2% or more.  Note that some mathematical
+libraries assume that extended precision (80 bit) floating-point operations
+are enabled by default; routines in such libraries could suffer significant
+loss of accuracy, typically through so-called \*(L"catastrophic cancellation\*(R",
+when this option is used to set the precision to less than extended precision.
+.IP "\fB\-mstackrealign\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstackrealign"
+Realign the stack at entry.  On the Intel x86, the \fB\-mstackrealign\fR
+option will generate an alternate prologue and epilogue that realigns the
+runtime stack if necessary.  This supports mixing legacy codes that keep
+a 4\-byte aligned stack with modern codes that keep a 16\-byte stack for
+\&\s-1SSE\s0 compatibility.  See also the attribute \f(CW\*(C`force_align_arg_pointer\*(C'\fR,
+applicable to individual functions.
+.IP "\fB\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpreferred-stack-boundary=num"
+Attempt to keep the stack boundary aligned to a 2 raised to \fInum\fR
+byte boundary.  If \fB\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary\fR is not specified,
+the default is 4 (16 bytes or 128 bits).
+.IP "\fB\-mincoming\-stack\-boundary=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mincoming-stack-boundary=num"
+Assume the incoming stack is aligned to a 2 raised to \fInum\fR byte
+boundary.  If \fB\-mincoming\-stack\-boundary\fR is not specified,
+the one specified by \fB\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary\fR will be used.
+.Sp
+On Pentium and PentiumPro, \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR values
+should be aligned to an 8 byte boundary (see \fB\-malign\-double\fR) or
+suffer significant run time performance penalties.  On Pentium \s-1III\s0, the
+Streaming \s-1SIMD\s0 Extension (\s-1SSE\s0) data type \f(CW\*(C`_\|_m128\*(C'\fR may not work
+properly if it is not 16 byte aligned.
+.Sp
+To ensure proper alignment of this values on the stack, the stack boundary
+must be as aligned as that required by any value stored on the stack.
+Further, every function must be generated such that it keeps the stack
+aligned.  Thus calling a function compiled with a higher preferred
+stack boundary from a function compiled with a lower preferred stack
+boundary will most likely misalign the stack.  It is recommended that
+libraries that use callbacks always use the default setting.
+.Sp
+This extra alignment does consume extra stack space, and generally
+increases code size.  Code that is sensitive to stack space usage, such
+as embedded systems and operating system kernels, may want to reduce the
+preferred alignment to \fB\-mpreferred\-stack\-boundary=2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmmx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmmx"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mmx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mmx"
+.IP "\fB\-msse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse"
+.IP "\fB\-msse2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse2"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse2"
+.IP "\fB\-msse3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse3"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse3"
+.IP "\fB\-mssse3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mssse3"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-ssse3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-ssse3"
+.IP "\fB\-msse4.1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse4.1"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse4.1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse4.1"
+.IP "\fB\-msse4.2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse4.2"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse4.2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse4.2"
+.IP "\fB\-msse4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse4"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse4"
+.IP "\fB\-mavx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mavx"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-avx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-avx"
+.IP "\fB\-maes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-maes"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-aes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-aes"
+.IP "\fB\-mpclmul\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpclmul"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-pclmul\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-pclmul"
+.IP "\fB\-msse4a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse4a"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse4a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse4a"
+.IP "\fB\-msse5\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse5"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse5\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse5"
+.IP "\fB\-m3dnow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m3dnow"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-3dnow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-3dnow"
+.IP "\fB\-mpopcnt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpopcnt"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-popcnt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-popcnt"
+.IP "\fB\-mabm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabm"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-abm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-abm"
+.PD
+These switches enable or disable the use of instructions in the \s-1MMX\s0,
+\&\s-1SSE\s0, \s-1SSE2\s0, \s-1SSE3\s0, \s-1SSSE3\s0, \s-1SSE4\s0.1, \s-1AVX\s0, \s-1AES\s0, \s-1PCLMUL\s0, \s-1SSE4A\s0, \s-1SSE5\s0, \s-1ABM\s0 or
+3DNow! extended instruction sets.
+These extensions are also available as built-in functions: see
+\&\fBX86 Built-in Functions\fR, for details of the functions enabled and
+disabled by these switches.
+.Sp
+To have \s-1SSE/SSE2\s0 instructions generated automatically from floating-point
+code (as opposed to 387 instructions), see \fB\-mfpmath=sse\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 depresses SSEx instructions when \fB\-mavx\fR is used. Instead, it
+generates new \s-1AVX\s0 instructions or \s-1AVX\s0 equivalence for all SSEx instructions
+when needed.
+.Sp
+These options will enable \s-1GCC\s0 to use these extended instructions in
+generated code, even without \fB\-mfpmath=sse\fR.  Applications which
+perform runtime \s-1CPU\s0 detection must compile separate files for each
+supported architecture, using the appropriate flags.  In particular,
+the file containing the \s-1CPU\s0 detection code should be compiled without
+these options.
+.IP "\fB\-mcld\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcld"
+This option instructs \s-1GCC\s0 to emit a \f(CW\*(C`cld\*(C'\fR instruction in the prologue
+of functions that use string instructions.  String instructions depend on
+the \s-1DF\s0 flag to select between autoincrement or autodecrement mode.  While the
+\&\s-1ABI\s0 specifies the \s-1DF\s0 flag to be cleared on function entry, some operating
+systems violate this specification by not clearing the \s-1DF\s0 flag in their
+exception dispatchers.  The exception handler can be invoked with the \s-1DF\s0 flag
+set which leads to wrong direction mode, when string instructions are used.
+This option can be enabled by default on 32\-bit x86 targets by configuring
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 with the \fB\-\-enable\-cld\fR configure option.  Generation of \f(CW\*(C`cld\*(C'\fR
+instructions can be suppressed with the \fB\-mno\-cld\fR compiler option
+in this case.
+.IP "\fB\-mcx16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcx16"
+This option will enable \s-1GCC\s0 to use \s-1CMPXCHG16B\s0 instruction in generated code.
+\&\s-1CMPXCHG16B\s0 allows for atomic operations on 128\-bit double quadword (or oword)
+data types.  This is useful for high resolution counters that could be updated
+by multiple processors (or cores).  This instruction is generated as part of
+atomic built-in functions: see \fBAtomic Builtins\fR for details.
+.IP "\fB\-msahf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msahf"
+This option will enable \s-1GCC\s0 to use \s-1SAHF\s0 instruction in generated 64\-bit code.
+Early Intel CPUs with Intel 64 lacked \s-1LAHF\s0 and \s-1SAHF\s0 instructions supported
+by \s-1AMD64\s0 until introduction of Pentium 4 G1 step in December 2005.  \s-1LAHF\s0 and
+\&\s-1SAHF\s0 are load and store instructions, respectively, for certain status flags.
+In 64\-bit mode, \s-1SAHF\s0 instruction is used to optimize \f(CW\*(C`fmod\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`drem\*(C'\fR
+or \f(CW\*(C`remainder\*(C'\fR built-in functions: see \fBOther Builtins\fR for details.
+.IP "\fB\-mrecip\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrecip"
+This option will enable \s-1GCC\s0 to use \s-1RCPSS\s0 and \s-1RSQRTSS\s0 instructions (and their
+vectorized variants \s-1RCPPS\s0 and \s-1RSQRTPS\s0) with an additional Newton-Raphson step
+to increase precision instead of \s-1DIVSS\s0 and \s-1SQRTSS\s0 (and their vectorized
+variants) for single precision floating point arguments.  These instructions
+are generated only when \fB\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations\fR is enabled
+together with \fB\-finite\-math\-only\fR and \fB\-fno\-trapping\-math\fR.
+Note that while the throughput of the sequence is higher than the throughput
+of the non-reciprocal instruction, the precision of the sequence can be
+decreased by up to 2 ulp (i.e. the inverse of 1.0 equals 0.99999994).
+.IP "\fB\-mveclibabi=\fR\fItype\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mveclibabi=type"
+Specifies the \s-1ABI\s0 type to use for vectorizing intrinsics using an
+external library.  Supported types are \f(CW\*(C`svml\*(C'\fR for the Intel short
+vector math library and \f(CW\*(C`acml\*(C'\fR for the \s-1AMD\s0 math core library style
+of interfacing.  \s-1GCC\s0 will currently emit calls to \f(CW\*(C`vmldExp2\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmldLn2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldLog102\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldLog102\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldPow2\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmldTanh2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldTan2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldAtan2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldAtanh2\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmldCbrt2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldSinh2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldSin2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldAsinh2\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmldAsin2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldCosh2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldCos2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmldAcosh2\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmldAcos2\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsExp4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsLn4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsLog104\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmlsLog104\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsPow4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsTanh4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsTan4\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmlsAtan4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsAtanh4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsCbrt4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsSinh4\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmlsSin4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsAsinh4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsAsin4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsCosh4\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`vmlsCos4\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`vmlsAcosh4\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`vmlsAcos4\*(C'\fR for corresponding
+function type when \fB\-mveclibabi=svml\fR is used and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrd2_sin\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrd2_cos\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrd2_exp\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrd2_log\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrd2_log2\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrd2_log10\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_sinf\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_cosf\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_expf\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_logf\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_log2f\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_log10f\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_vrs4_powf\*(C'\fR for corresponding function type
+when \fB\-mveclibabi=acml\fR is used. Both \fB\-ftree\-vectorize\fR and
+\&\fB\-funsafe\-math\-optimizations\fR have to be enabled. A \s-1SVML\s0 or \s-1ACML\s0 \s-1ABI\s0
+compatible library will have to be specified at link time.
+.IP "\fB\-mpush\-args\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpush-args"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-push\-args\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-push-args"
+.PD
+Use \s-1PUSH\s0 operations to store outgoing parameters.  This method is shorter
+and usually equally fast as method using \s-1SUB/MOV\s0 operations and is enabled
+by default.  In some cases disabling it may improve performance because of
+improved scheduling and reduced dependencies.
+.IP "\fB\-maccumulate\-outgoing\-args\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-maccumulate-outgoing-args"
+If enabled, the maximum amount of space required for outgoing arguments will be
+computed in the function prologue.  This is faster on most modern CPUs
+because of reduced dependencies, improved scheduling and reduced stack usage
+when preferred stack boundary is not equal to 2.  The drawback is a notable
+increase in code size.  This switch implies \fB\-mno\-push\-args\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mthreads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mthreads"
+Support thread-safe exception handling on \fBMingw32\fR.  Code that relies
+on thread-safe exception handling must compile and link all code with the
+\&\fB\-mthreads\fR option.  When compiling, \fB\-mthreads\fR defines
+\&\fB\-D_MT\fR; when linking, it links in a special thread helper library
+\&\fB\-lmingwthrd\fR which cleans up per thread exception handling data.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-align\-stringops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-align-stringops"
+Do not align destination of inlined string operations.  This switch reduces
+code size and improves performance in case the destination is already aligned,
+but \s-1GCC\s0 doesn't know about it.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-all\-stringops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-all-stringops"
+By default \s-1GCC\s0 inlines string operations only when destination is known to be
+aligned at least to 4 byte boundary.  This enables more inlining, increase code
+size, but may improve performance of code that depends on fast memcpy, strlen
+and memset for short lengths.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-stringops\-dynamically\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-stringops-dynamically"
+For string operation of unknown size, inline runtime checks so for small
+blocks inline code is used, while for large blocks library call is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mstringop\-strategy=\fR\fIalg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstringop-strategy=alg"
+Overwrite internal decision heuristic about particular algorithm to inline
+string operation with.  The allowed values are \f(CW\*(C`rep_byte\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`rep_4byte\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`rep_8byte\*(C'\fR for expanding using i386 \f(CW\*(C`rep\*(C'\fR prefix
+of specified size, \f(CW\*(C`byte_loop\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`unrolled_loop\*(C'\fR for
+expanding inline loop, \f(CW\*(C`libcall\*(C'\fR for always expanding library call.
+.IP "\fB\-momit\-leaf\-frame\-pointer\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-momit-leaf-frame-pointer"
+Don't keep the frame pointer in a register for leaf functions.  This
+avoids the instructions to save, set up and restore frame pointers and
+makes an extra register available in leaf functions.  The option
+\&\fB\-fomit\-frame\-pointer\fR removes the frame pointer for all functions
+which might make debugging harder.
+.IP "\fB\-mtls\-direct\-seg\-refs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtls-direct-seg-refs"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-tls\-direct\-seg\-refs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-tls-direct-seg-refs"
+.PD
+Controls whether \s-1TLS\s0 variables may be accessed with offsets from the
+\&\s-1TLS\s0 segment register (\f(CW%gs\fR for 32\-bit, \f(CW%fs\fR for 64\-bit),
+or whether the thread base pointer must be added.  Whether or not this
+is legal depends on the operating system, and whether it maps the
+segment to cover the entire \s-1TLS\s0 area.
+.Sp
+For systems that use \s-1GNU\s0 libc, the default is on.
+.IP "\fB\-mfused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfused-madd"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fused-madd"
+.PD
+Enable automatic generation of fused floating point multiply-add instructions
+if the \s-1ISA\s0 supports such instructions.  The \-mfused\-madd option is on by
+default.  The fused multiply-add instructions have a different
+rounding behavior compared to executing a multiply followed by an add.
+.IP "\fB\-msse2avx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msse2avx"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sse2avx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sse2avx"
+.PD
+Specify that the assembler should encode \s-1SSE\s0 instructions with \s-1VEX\s0
+prefix.  The option \fB\-mavx\fR turns this on by default.
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR switches are supported in addition to the above
+on \s-1AMD\s0 x86\-64 processors in 64\-bit environments.
+.IP "\fB\-m32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m64"
+.PD
+Generate code for a 32\-bit or 64\-bit environment.
+The 32\-bit environment sets int, long and pointer to 32 bits and
+generates code that runs on any i386 system.
+The 64\-bit environment sets int to 32 bits and long and pointer
+to 64 bits and generates code for \s-1AMD\s0's x86\-64 architecture. For
+darwin only the \-m64 option turns off the \fB\-fno\-pic\fR and
+\&\fB\-mdynamic\-no\-pic\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-red\-zone\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-red-zone"
+Do not use a so called red zone for x86\-64 code.  The red zone is mandated
+by the x86\-64 \s-1ABI\s0, it is a 128\-byte area beyond the location of the
+stack pointer that will not be modified by signal or interrupt handlers
+and therefore can be used for temporary data without adjusting the stack
+pointer.  The flag \fB\-mno\-red\-zone\fR disables this red zone.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=small\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=small"
+Generate code for the small code model: the program and its symbols must
+be linked in the lower 2 \s-1GB\s0 of the address space.  Pointers are 64 bits.
+Programs can be statically or dynamically linked.  This is the default
+code model.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=kernel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=kernel"
+Generate code for the kernel code model.  The kernel runs in the
+negative 2 \s-1GB\s0 of the address space.
+This model has to be used for Linux kernel code.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=medium\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=medium"
+Generate code for the medium model: The program is linked in the lower 2
+\&\s-1GB\s0 of the address space.  Small symbols are also placed there.  Symbols
+with sizes larger than \fB\-mlarge\-data\-threshold\fR are put into
+large data or bss sections and can be located above 2GB.  Programs can
+be statically or dynamically linked.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=large\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=large"
+Generate code for the large model: This model makes no assumptions
+about addresses and sizes of sections.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1IA\-64\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "IA-64 Options"
+.PP
+These are the \fB\-m\fR options defined for the Intel \s-1IA\-64\s0 architecture.
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig-endian"
+Generate code for a big endian target.  This is the default for HP-UX.
+.IP "\fB\-mlittle\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlittle-endian"
+Generate code for a little endian target.  This is the default for \s-1AIX5\s0
+and GNU/Linux.
+.IP "\fB\-mgnu\-as\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgnu-as"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-gnu\-as\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-gnu-as"
+.PD
+Generate (or don't) code for the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mgnu\-ld\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgnu-ld"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-gnu\-ld\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-gnu-ld"
+.PD
+Generate (or don't) code for the \s-1GNU\s0 linker.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-pic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-pic"
+Generate code that does not use a global pointer register.  The result
+is not position independent code, and violates the \s-1IA\-64\s0 \s-1ABI\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mvolatile\-asm\-stop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvolatile-asm-stop"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-volatile\-asm\-stop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-volatile-asm-stop"
+.PD
+Generate (or don't) a stop bit immediately before and after volatile asm
+statements.
+.IP "\fB\-mregister\-names\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mregister-names"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-register\-names\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-register-names"
+.PD
+Generate (or don't) \fBin\fR, \fBloc\fR, and \fBout\fR register names for
+the stacked registers.  This may make assembler output more readable.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sdata"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata"
+.PD
+Disable (or enable) optimizations that use the small data section.  This may
+be useful for working around optimizer bugs.
+.IP "\fB\-mconstant\-gp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mconstant-gp"
+Generate code that uses a single constant global pointer value.  This is
+useful when compiling kernel code.
+.IP "\fB\-mauto\-pic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mauto-pic"
+Generate code that is self-relocatable.  This implies \fB\-mconstant\-gp\fR.
+This is useful when compiling firmware code.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-float\-divide\-min\-latency\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-float-divide-min-latency"
+Generate code for inline divides of floating point values
+using the minimum latency algorithm.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-float\-divide\-max\-throughput\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-float-divide-max-throughput"
+Generate code for inline divides of floating point values
+using the maximum throughput algorithm.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-int\-divide\-min\-latency\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-int-divide-min-latency"
+Generate code for inline divides of integer values
+using the minimum latency algorithm.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-int\-divide\-max\-throughput\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-int-divide-max-throughput"
+Generate code for inline divides of integer values
+using the maximum throughput algorithm.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-sqrt\-min\-latency\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-sqrt-min-latency"
+Generate code for inline square roots
+using the minimum latency algorithm.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-sqrt\-max\-throughput\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-sqrt-max-throughput"
+Generate code for inline square roots
+using the maximum throughput algorithm.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-dwarf2\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-dwarf2-asm"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mdwarf2\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdwarf2-asm"
+.PD
+Don't (or do) generate assembler code for the \s-1DWARF2\s0 line number debugging
+info.  This may be useful when not using the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler.
+.IP "\fB\-mearly\-stop\-bits\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mearly-stop-bits"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-early\-stop\-bits\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-early-stop-bits"
+.PD
+Allow stop bits to be placed earlier than immediately preceding the
+instruction that triggered the stop bit.  This can improve instruction
+scheduling, but does not always do so.
+.IP "\fB\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfixed-range=register-range"
+Generate code treating the given register range as fixed registers.
+A fixed register is one that the register allocator can not use.  This is
+useful when compiling kernel code.  A register range is specified as
+two registers separated by a dash.  Multiple register ranges can be
+specified separated by a comma.
+.IP "\fB\-mtls\-size=\fR\fItls-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtls-size=tls-size"
+Specify bit size of immediate \s-1TLS\s0 offsets.  Valid values are 14, 22, and
+64.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=cpu-type"
+Tune the instruction scheduling for a particular \s-1CPU\s0, Valid values are
+itanium, itanium1, merced, itanium2, and mckinley.
+.IP "\fB\-mt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mt"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-pthread\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pthread"
+.PD
+Add support for multithreading using the \s-1POSIX\s0 threads library.  This
+option sets flags for both the preprocessor and linker.  It does
+not affect the thread safety of object code produced by the compiler or
+that of libraries supplied with it.  These are HP-UX specific flags.
+.IP "\fB\-milp32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-milp32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mlp64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlp64"
+.PD
+Generate code for a 32\-bit or 64\-bit environment.
+The 32\-bit environment sets int, long and pointer to 32 bits.
+The 64\-bit environment sets int to 32 bits and long and pointer
+to 64 bits.  These are HP-UX specific flags.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-br\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-br-data-spec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-br\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-br-data-spec"
+.PD
+(Dis/En)able data speculative scheduling before reload.
+This will result in generation of the ld.a instructions and
+the corresponding check instructions (ld.c / chk.a).
+The default is 'disable'.
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-ar\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-ar-data-spec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-ar\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-ar-data-spec"
+.PD
+(En/Dis)able data speculative scheduling after reload.
+This will result in generation of the ld.a instructions and
+the corresponding check instructions (ld.c / chk.a).
+The default is 'enable'.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-control\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-control-spec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-control\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-control-spec"
+.PD
+(Dis/En)able control speculative scheduling.  This feature is
+available only during region scheduling (i.e. before reload).
+This will result in generation of the ld.s instructions and
+the corresponding check instructions chk.s .
+The default is 'disable'.
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-br\-in\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-br-in-data-spec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-br\-in\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-br-in-data-spec"
+.PD
+(En/Dis)able speculative scheduling of the instructions that
+are dependent on the data speculative loads before reload.
+This is effective only with \fB\-msched\-br\-data\-spec\fR enabled.
+The default is 'enable'.
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-ar\-in\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-ar-in-data-spec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-ar\-in\-data\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-ar-in-data-spec"
+.PD
+(En/Dis)able speculative scheduling of the instructions that
+are dependent on the data speculative loads after reload.
+This is effective only with \fB\-msched\-ar\-data\-spec\fR enabled.
+The default is 'enable'.
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-in\-control\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-in-control-spec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-in\-control\-spec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-in-control-spec"
+.PD
+(En/Dis)able speculative scheduling of the instructions that
+are dependent on the control speculative loads.
+This is effective only with \fB\-msched\-control\-spec\fR enabled.
+The default is 'enable'.
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-ldc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-ldc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-ldc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-ldc"
+.PD
+(En/Dis)able use of simple data speculation checks ld.c .
+If disabled, only chk.a instructions will be emitted to check
+data speculative loads.
+The default is 'enable'.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-control\-ldc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-control-ldc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-control\-ldc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-control-ldc"
+.PD
+(Dis/En)able use of ld.c instructions to check control speculative loads.
+If enabled, in case of control speculative load with no speculatively
+scheduled dependent instructions this load will be emitted as ld.sa and
+ld.c will be used to check it.
+The default is 'disable'.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-spec\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-spec-verbose"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-spec\-verbose\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-spec-verbose"
+.PD
+(Dis/En)able printing of the information about speculative motions.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-prefer\-non\-data\-spec\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-prefer-non-data-spec-insns"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-prefer\-non\-data\-spec\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-prefer-non-data-spec-insns"
+.PD
+If enabled, data speculative instructions will be chosen for schedule
+only if there are no other choices at the moment.  This will make
+the use of the data speculation much more conservative.
+The default is 'disable'.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-prefer\-non\-control\-spec\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-prefer-non-control-spec-insns"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-prefer\-non\-control\-spec\-insns\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-prefer-non-control-spec-insns"
+.PD
+If enabled, control speculative instructions will be chosen for schedule
+only if there are no other choices at the moment.  This will make
+the use of the control speculation much more conservative.
+The default is 'disable'.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sched\-count\-spec\-in\-critical\-path\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sched-count-spec-in-critical-path"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-count\-spec\-in\-critical\-path\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-count-spec-in-critical-path"
+.PD
+If enabled, speculative dependencies will be considered during
+computation of the instructions priorities.  This will make the use of the
+speculation a bit more conservative.
+The default is 'disable'.
+.PP
+\fIM32C Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "M32C Options"
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=name"
+Select the \s-1CPU\s0 for which code is generated.  \fIname\fR may be one of
+\&\fBr8c\fR for the R8C/Tiny series, \fBm16c\fR for the M16C (up to
+/60) series, \fBm32cm\fR for the M16C/80 series, or \fBm32c\fR for
+the M32C/80 series.
+.IP "\fB\-msim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msim"
+Specifies that the program will be run on the simulator.  This causes
+an alternate runtime library to be linked in which supports, for
+example, file I/O.  You must not use this option when generating
+programs that will run on real hardware; you must provide your own
+runtime library for whatever I/O functions are needed.
+.IP "\fB\-memregs=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-memregs=number"
+Specifies the number of memory-based pseudo-registers \s-1GCC\s0 will use
+during code generation.  These pseudo-registers will be used like real
+registers, so there is a tradeoff between \s-1GCC\s0's ability to fit the
+code into available registers, and the performance penalty of using
+memory instead of registers.  Note that all modules in a program must
+be compiled with the same value for this option.  Because of that, you
+must not use this option with the default runtime libraries gcc
+builds.
+.PP
+\fIM32R/D Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "M32R/D Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for Renesas M32R/D architectures:
+.IP "\fB\-m32r2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32r2"
+Generate code for the M32R/2.
+.IP "\fB\-m32rx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32rx"
+Generate code for the M32R/X.
+.IP "\fB\-m32r\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32r"
+Generate code for the M32R.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mmodel=small\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmodel=small"
+Assume all objects live in the lower 16MB of memory (so that their addresses
+can be loaded with the \f(CW\*(C`ld24\*(C'\fR instruction), and assume all subroutines
+are reachable with the \f(CW\*(C`bl\*(C'\fR instruction.
+This is the default.
+.Sp
+The addressability of a particular object can be set with the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`model\*(C'\fR attribute.
+.IP "\fB\-mmodel=medium\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmodel=medium"
+Assume objects may be anywhere in the 32\-bit address space (the compiler
+will generate \f(CW\*(C`seth/add3\*(C'\fR instructions to load their addresses), and
+assume all subroutines are reachable with the \f(CW\*(C`bl\*(C'\fR instruction.
+.IP "\fB\-mmodel=large\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmodel=large"
+Assume objects may be anywhere in the 32\-bit address space (the compiler
+will generate \f(CW\*(C`seth/add3\*(C'\fR instructions to load their addresses), and
+assume subroutines may not be reachable with the \f(CW\*(C`bl\*(C'\fR instruction
+(the compiler will generate the much slower \f(CW\*(C`seth/add3/jl\*(C'\fR
+instruction sequence).
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=none\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=none"
+Disable use of the small data area.  Variables will be put into
+one of \fB.data\fR, \fBbss\fR, or \fB.rodata\fR (unless the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`section\*(C'\fR attribute has been specified).
+This is the default.
+.Sp
+The small data area consists of sections \fB.sdata\fR and \fB.sbss\fR.
+Objects may be explicitly put in the small data area with the
+\&\f(CW\*(C`section\*(C'\fR attribute using one of these sections.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=sdata"
+Put small global and static data in the small data area, but do not
+generate special code to reference them.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=use\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=use"
+Put small global and static data in the small data area, and generate
+special instructions to reference them.
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-G num"
+Put global and static objects less than or equal to \fInum\fR bytes
+into the small data or bss sections instead of the normal data or bss
+sections.  The default value of \fInum\fR is 8.
+The \fB\-msdata\fR option must be set to one of \fBsdata\fR or \fBuse\fR
+for this option to have any effect.
+.Sp
+All modules should be compiled with the same \fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR value.
+Compiling with different values of \fInum\fR may or may not work; if it
+doesn't the linker will give an error message\-\-\-incorrect code will not be
+generated.
+.IP "\fB\-mdebug\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdebug"
+Makes the M32R specific code in the compiler display some statistics
+that might help in debugging programs.
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-loops"
+Align all loops to a 32\-byte boundary.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-align\-loops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-align-loops"
+Do not enforce a 32\-byte alignment for loops.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-missue\-rate=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-missue-rate=number"
+Issue \fInumber\fR instructions per cycle.  \fInumber\fR can only be 1
+or 2.
+.IP "\fB\-mbranch\-cost=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbranch-cost=number"
+\&\fInumber\fR can only be 1 or 2.  If it is 1 then branches will be
+preferred over conditional code, if it is 2, then the opposite will
+apply.
+.IP "\fB\-mflush\-trap=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mflush-trap=number"
+Specifies the trap number to use to flush the cache.  The default is
+12.  Valid numbers are between 0 and 15 inclusive.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-flush\-trap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-flush-trap"
+Specifies that the cache cannot be flushed by using a trap.
+.IP "\fB\-mflush\-func=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mflush-func=name"
+Specifies the name of the operating system function to call to flush
+the cache.  The default is \fI_flush_cache\fR, but a function call
+will only be used if a trap is not available.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-flush\-func\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-flush-func"
+Indicates that there is no \s-1OS\s0 function for flushing the cache.
+.PP
+\fIM680x0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "M680x0 Options"
+.PP
+These are the \fB\-m\fR options defined for M680x0 and ColdFire processors.
+The default settings depend on which architecture was selected when
+the compiler was configured; the defaults for the most common choices
+are given below.
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIarch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=arch"
+Generate code for a specific M680x0 or ColdFire instruction set
+architecture.  Permissible values of \fIarch\fR for M680x0
+architectures are: \fB68000\fR, \fB68010\fR, \fB68020\fR,
+\&\fB68030\fR, \fB68040\fR, \fB68060\fR and \fBcpu32\fR.  ColdFire
+architectures are selected according to Freescale's \s-1ISA\s0 classification
+and the permissible values are: \fBisaa\fR, \fBisaaplus\fR,
+\&\fBisab\fR and \fBisac\fR.
+.Sp
+gcc defines a macro \fB_\|_mcf\fR\fIarch\fR\fB_\|_\fR whenever it is generating
+code for a ColdFire target.  The \fIarch\fR in this macro is one of the
+\&\fB\-march\fR arguments given above.
+.Sp
+When used together, \fB\-march\fR and \fB\-mtune\fR select code
+that runs on a family of similar processors but that is optimized
+for a particular microarchitecture.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu"
+Generate code for a specific M680x0 or ColdFire processor.
+The M680x0 \fIcpu\fRs are: \fB68000\fR, \fB68010\fR, \fB68020\fR,
+\&\fB68030\fR, \fB68040\fR, \fB68060\fR, \fB68302\fR, \fB68332\fR
+and \fBcpu32\fR.  The ColdFire \fIcpu\fRs are given by the table
+below, which also classifies the CPUs into families:
+.RS 4
+.IP "Family : \fB\-mcpu\fR arguments" 4
+.IX Item "Family : -mcpu arguments"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB51qe\fR : \fB51qe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "51qe : 51qe"
+.IP "\fB5206\fR : \fB5202\fR \fB5204\fR \fB5206\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5206 : 5202 5204 5206"
+.IP "\fB5206e\fR : \fB5206e\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5206e : 5206e"
+.IP "\fB5208\fR : \fB5207\fR \fB5208\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5208 : 5207 5208"
+.IP "\fB5211a\fR : \fB5210a\fR \fB5211a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5211a : 5210a 5211a"
+.IP "\fB5213\fR : \fB5211\fR \fB5212\fR \fB5213\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5213 : 5211 5212 5213"
+.IP "\fB5216\fR : \fB5214\fR \fB5216\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5216 : 5214 5216"
+.IP "\fB52235\fR : \fB52230\fR \fB52231\fR \fB52232\fR \fB52233\fR \fB52234\fR \fB52235\fR" 4
+.IX Item "52235 : 52230 52231 52232 52233 52234 52235"
+.IP "\fB5225\fR : \fB5224\fR \fB5225\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5225 : 5224 5225"
+.IP "\fB5235\fR : \fB5232\fR \fB5233\fR \fB5234\fR \fB5235\fR \fB523x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5235 : 5232 5233 5234 5235 523x"
+.IP "\fB5249\fR : \fB5249\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5249 : 5249"
+.IP "\fB5250\fR : \fB5250\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5250 : 5250"
+.IP "\fB5271\fR : \fB5270\fR \fB5271\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5271 : 5270 5271"
+.IP "\fB5272\fR : \fB5272\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5272 : 5272"
+.IP "\fB5275\fR : \fB5274\fR \fB5275\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5275 : 5274 5275"
+.IP "\fB5282\fR : \fB5280\fR \fB5281\fR \fB5282\fR \fB528x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5282 : 5280 5281 5282 528x"
+.IP "\fB5307\fR : \fB5307\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5307 : 5307"
+.IP "\fB5329\fR : \fB5327\fR \fB5328\fR \fB5329\fR \fB532x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5329 : 5327 5328 5329 532x"
+.IP "\fB5373\fR : \fB5372\fR \fB5373\fR \fB537x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5373 : 5372 5373 537x"
+.IP "\fB5407\fR : \fB5407\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5407 : 5407"
+.IP "\fB5475\fR : \fB5470\fR \fB5471\fR \fB5472\fR \fB5473\fR \fB5474\fR \fB5475\fR \fB547x\fR \fB5480\fR \fB5481\fR \fB5482\fR \fB5483\fR \fB5484\fR \fB5485\fR" 4
+.IX Item "5475 : 5470 5471 5472 5473 5474 5475 547x 5480 5481 5482 5483 5484 5485"
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.PD
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu\fR overrides \fB\-march=\fR\fIarch\fR if
+\&\fIarch\fR is compatible with \fIcpu\fR.  Other combinations of
+\&\fB\-mcpu\fR and \fB\-march\fR are rejected.
+.Sp
+gcc defines the macro \fB_\|_mcf_cpu_\fR\fIcpu\fR when ColdFire target
+\&\fIcpu\fR is selected.  It also defines \fB_\|_mcf_family_\fR\fIfamily\fR,
+where the value of \fIfamily\fR is given by the table above.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fItune\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=tune"
+Tune the code for a particular microarchitecture, within the
+constraints set by \fB\-march\fR and \fB\-mcpu\fR.
+The M680x0 microarchitectures are: \fB68000\fR, \fB68010\fR,
+\&\fB68020\fR, \fB68030\fR, \fB68040\fR, \fB68060\fR
+and \fBcpu32\fR.  The ColdFire microarchitectures
+are: \fBcfv1\fR, \fBcfv2\fR, \fBcfv3\fR, \fBcfv4\fR and \fBcfv4e\fR.
+.Sp
+You can also use \fB\-mtune=68020\-40\fR for code that needs
+to run relatively well on 68020, 68030 and 68040 targets.
+\&\fB\-mtune=68020\-60\fR is similar but includes 68060 targets
+as well.  These two options select the same tuning decisions as
+\&\fB\-m68020\-40\fR and \fB\-m68020\-60\fR respectively.
+.Sp
+gcc defines the macros \fB_\|_mc\fR\fIarch\fR and \fB_\|_mc\fR\fIarch\fR\fB_\|_\fR
+when tuning for 680x0 architecture \fIarch\fR.  It also defines
+\&\fBmc\fR\fIarch\fR unless either \fB\-ansi\fR or a non-GNU \fB\-std\fR
+option is used.  If gcc is tuning for a range of architectures,
+as selected by \fB\-mtune=68020\-40\fR or \fB\-mtune=68020\-60\fR,
+it defines the macros for every architecture in the range.
+.Sp
+gcc also defines the macro \fB_\|_m\fR\fIuarch\fR\fB_\|_\fR when tuning for
+ColdFire microarchitecture \fIuarch\fR, where \fIuarch\fR is one
+of the arguments given above.
+.IP "\fB\-m68000\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68000"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mc68000\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mc68000"
+.PD
+Generate output for a 68000.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for 68000\-based systems.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-march=68000\fR.
+.Sp
+Use this option for microcontrollers with a 68000 or \s-1EC000\s0 core,
+including the 68008, 68302, 68306, 68307, 68322, 68328 and 68356.
+.IP "\fB\-m68010\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68010"
+Generate output for a 68010.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for 68010\-based systems.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-march=68010\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m68020\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68020"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mc68020\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mc68020"
+.PD
+Generate output for a 68020.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for 68020\-based systems.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-march=68020\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m68030\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68030"
+Generate output for a 68030.  This is the default when the compiler is
+configured for 68030\-based systems.  It is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-march=68030\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m68040\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68040"
+Generate output for a 68040.  This is the default when the compiler is
+configured for 68040\-based systems.  It is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-march=68040\fR.
+.Sp
+This option inhibits the use of 68881/68882 instructions that have to be
+emulated by software on the 68040.  Use this option if your 68040 does not
+have code to emulate those instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-m68060\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68060"
+Generate output for a 68060.  This is the default when the compiler is
+configured for 68060\-based systems.  It is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-march=68060\fR.
+.Sp
+This option inhibits the use of 68020 and 68881/68882 instructions that
+have to be emulated by software on the 68060.  Use this option if your 68060
+does not have code to emulate those instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu32"
+Generate output for a \s-1CPU32\s0.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for CPU32\-based systems.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-march=cpu32\fR.
+.Sp
+Use this option for microcontrollers with a
+\&\s-1CPU32\s0 or \s-1CPU32+\s0 core, including the 68330, 68331, 68332, 68333, 68334,
+68336, 68340, 68341, 68349 and 68360.
+.IP "\fB\-m5200\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m5200"
+Generate output for a 520X ColdFire \s-1CPU\s0.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for 520X\-based systems.
+It is equivalent to \fB\-mcpu=5206\fR, and is now deprecated
+in favor of that option.
+.Sp
+Use this option for microcontroller with a 5200 core, including
+the \s-1MCF5202\s0, \s-1MCF5203\s0, \s-1MCF5204\s0 and \s-1MCF5206\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-m5206e\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m5206e"
+Generate output for a 5206e ColdFire \s-1CPU\s0.  The option is now
+deprecated in favor of the equivalent \fB\-mcpu=5206e\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m528x\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m528x"
+Generate output for a member of the ColdFire 528X family.
+The option is now deprecated in favor of the equivalent
+\&\fB\-mcpu=528x\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m5307\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m5307"
+Generate output for a ColdFire 5307 \s-1CPU\s0.  The option is now deprecated
+in favor of the equivalent \fB\-mcpu=5307\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m5407\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m5407"
+Generate output for a ColdFire 5407 \s-1CPU\s0.  The option is now deprecated
+in favor of the equivalent \fB\-mcpu=5407\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcfv4e\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcfv4e"
+Generate output for a ColdFire V4e family \s-1CPU\s0 (e.g. 547x/548x).
+This includes use of hardware floating point instructions.
+The option is equivalent to \fB\-mcpu=547x\fR, and is now
+deprecated in favor of that option.
+.IP "\fB\-m68020\-40\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68020-40"
+Generate output for a 68040, without using any of the new instructions.
+This results in code which can run relatively efficiently on either a
+68020/68881 or a 68030 or a 68040.  The generated code does use the
+68881 instructions that are emulated on the 68040.
+.Sp
+The option is equivalent to \fB\-march=68020\fR \fB\-mtune=68020\-40\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-m68020\-60\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68020-60"
+Generate output for a 68060, without using any of the new instructions.
+This results in code which can run relatively efficiently on either a
+68020/68881 or a 68030 or a 68040.  The generated code does use the
+68881 instructions that are emulated on the 68060.
+.Sp
+The option is equivalent to \fB\-march=68020\fR \fB\-mtune=68020\-60\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m68881\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68881"
+.PD
+Generate floating-point instructions.  This is the default for 68020
+and above, and for ColdFire devices that have an \s-1FPU\s0.  It defines the
+macro \fB_\|_HAVE_68881_\|_\fR on M680x0 targets and \fB_\|_mcffpu_\|_\fR
+on ColdFire targets.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Do not generate floating-point instructions; use library calls instead.
+This is the default for 68000, 68010, and 68832 targets.  It is also
+the default for ColdFire devices that have no \s-1FPU\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mdiv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdiv"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-div\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-div"
+.PD
+Generate (do not generate) ColdFire hardware divide and remainder
+instructions.  If \fB\-march\fR is used without \fB\-mcpu\fR,
+the default is \*(L"on\*(R" for ColdFire architectures and \*(L"off\*(R" for M680x0
+architectures.  Otherwise, the default is taken from the target \s-1CPU\s0
+(either the default \s-1CPU\s0, or the one specified by \fB\-mcpu\fR).  For
+example, the default is \*(L"off\*(R" for \fB\-mcpu=5206\fR and \*(L"on\*(R" for
+\&\fB\-mcpu=5206e\fR.
+.Sp
+gcc defines the macro \fB_\|_mcfhwdiv_\|_\fR when this option is enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-mshort\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mshort"
+Consider type \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR to be 16 bits wide, like \f(CW\*(C`short int\*(C'\fR.
+Additionally, parameters passed on the stack are also aligned to a
+16\-bit boundary even on targets whose \s-1API\s0 mandates promotion to 32\-bit.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-short\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-short"
+Do not consider type \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR to be 16 bits wide.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mnobitfield\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mnobitfield"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-bitfield\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-bitfield"
+.PD
+Do not use the bit-field instructions.  The \fB\-m68000\fR, \fB\-mcpu32\fR
+and \fB\-m5200\fR options imply \fB\-mnobitfield\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mbitfield\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbitfield"
+Do use the bit-field instructions.  The \fB\-m68020\fR option implies
+\&\fB\-mbitfield\fR.  This is the default if you use a configuration
+designed for a 68020.
+.IP "\fB\-mrtd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrtd"
+Use a different function-calling convention, in which functions
+that take a fixed number of arguments return with the \f(CW\*(C`rtd\*(C'\fR
+instruction, which pops their arguments while returning.  This
+saves one instruction in the caller since there is no need to pop
+the arguments there.
+.Sp
+This calling convention is incompatible with the one normally
+used on Unix, so you cannot use it if you need to call libraries
+compiled with the Unix compiler.
+.Sp
+Also, you must provide function prototypes for all functions that
+take variable numbers of arguments (including \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR);
+otherwise incorrect code will be generated for calls to those
+functions.
+.Sp
+In addition, seriously incorrect code will result if you call a
+function with too many arguments.  (Normally, extra arguments are
+harmlessly ignored.)
+.Sp
+The \f(CW\*(C`rtd\*(C'\fR instruction is supported by the 68010, 68020, 68030,
+68040, 68060 and \s-1CPU32\s0 processors, but not by the 68000 or 5200.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-rtd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-rtd"
+Do not use the calling conventions selected by \fB\-mrtd\fR.
+This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-int\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-int"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-align\-int\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-align-int"
+.PD
+Control whether \s-1GCC\s0 aligns \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`long long\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`float\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR variables on a 32\-bit
+boundary (\fB\-malign\-int\fR) or a 16\-bit boundary (\fB\-mno\-align\-int\fR).
+Aligning variables on 32\-bit boundaries produces code that runs somewhat
+faster on processors with 32\-bit busses at the expense of more memory.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR if you use the \fB\-malign\-int\fR switch, \s-1GCC\s0 will
+align structures containing the above types  differently than
+most published application binary interface specifications for the m68k.
+.IP "\fB\-mpcrel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpcrel"
+Use the pc-relative addressing mode of the 68000 directly, instead of
+using a global offset table.  At present, this option implies \fB\-fpic\fR,
+allowing at most a 16\-bit offset for pc-relative addressing.  \fB\-fPIC\fR is
+not presently supported with \fB\-mpcrel\fR, though this could be supported for
+68020 and higher processors.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-strict\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-strict-align"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mstrict\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstrict-align"
+.PD
+Do not (do) assume that unaligned memory references will be handled by
+the system.
+.IP "\fB\-msep\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msep-data"
+Generate code that allows the data segment to be located in a different
+area of memory from the text segment.  This allows for execute in place in
+an environment without virtual memory management.  This option implies
+\&\fB\-fPIC\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sep\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sep-data"
+Generate code that assumes that the data segment follows the text segment.
+This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mid\-shared\-library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mid-shared-library"
+Generate code that supports shared libraries via the library \s-1ID\s0 method.
+This allows for execute in place and shared libraries in an environment
+without virtual memory management.  This option implies \fB\-fPIC\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-id\-shared\-library\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-id-shared-library"
+Generate code that doesn't assume \s-1ID\s0 based shared libraries are being used.
+This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mshared\-library\-id=n\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mshared-library-id=n"
+Specified the identification number of the \s-1ID\s0 based shared library being
+compiled.  Specifying a value of 0 will generate more compact code, specifying
+other values will force the allocation of that number to the current
+library but is no more space or time efficient than omitting this option.
+.IP "\fB\-mxgot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mxgot"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-xgot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-xgot"
+.PD
+When generating position-independent code for ColdFire, generate code
+that works if the \s-1GOT\s0 has more than 8192 entries.  This code is
+larger and slower than code generated without this option.  On M680x0
+processors, this option is not needed; \fB\-fPIC\fR suffices.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 normally uses a single instruction to load values from the \s-1GOT\s0.
+While this is relatively efficient, it only works if the \s-1GOT\s0
+is smaller than about 64k.  Anything larger causes the linker
+to report an error such as:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        relocation truncated to fit: R_68K_GOT16O foobar
+.Ve
+.Sp
+If this happens, you should recompile your code with \fB\-mxgot\fR.
+It should then work with very large GOTs.  However, code generated with
+\&\fB\-mxgot\fR is less efficient, since it takes 4 instructions to fetch
+the value of a global symbol.
+.Sp
+Note that some linkers, including newer versions of the \s-1GNU\s0 linker,
+can create multiple GOTs and sort \s-1GOT\s0 entries.  If you have such a linker,
+you should only need to use \fB\-mxgot\fR when compiling a single
+object file that accesses more than 8192 \s-1GOT\s0 entries.  Very few do.
+.Sp
+These options have no effect unless \s-1GCC\s0 is generating
+position-independent code.
+.PP
+\fIM68hc1x Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "M68hc1x Options"
+.PP
+These are the \fB\-m\fR options defined for the 68hc11 and 68hc12
+microcontrollers.  The default values for these options depends on
+which style of microcontroller was selected when the compiler was configured;
+the defaults for the most common choices are given below.
+.IP "\fB\-m6811\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m6811"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m68hc11\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68hc11"
+.PD
+Generate output for a 68HC11.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for 68HC11\-based systems.
+.IP "\fB\-m6812\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m6812"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m68hc12\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68hc12"
+.PD
+Generate output for a 68HC12.  This is the default
+when the compiler is configured for 68HC12\-based systems.
+.IP "\fB\-m68S12\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68S12"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m68hcs12\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m68hcs12"
+.PD
+Generate output for a 68HCS12.
+.IP "\fB\-mauto\-incdec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mauto-incdec"
+Enable the use of 68HC12 pre and post auto-increment and auto-decrement
+addressing modes.
+.IP "\fB\-minmax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minmax"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-nominmax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nominmax"
+.PD
+Enable the use of 68HC12 min and max instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-long-calls"
+.PD
+Treat all calls as being far away (near).  If calls are assumed to be
+far away, the compiler will use the \f(CW\*(C`call\*(C'\fR instruction to
+call a function and the \f(CW\*(C`rtc\*(C'\fR instruction for returning.
+.IP "\fB\-mshort\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mshort"
+Consider type \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR to be 16 bits wide, like \f(CW\*(C`short int\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-reg\-count=\fR\fIcount\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-reg-count=count"
+Specify the number of pseudo-soft registers which are used for the
+code generation.  The maximum number is 32.  Using more pseudo-soft
+register may or may not result in better code depending on the program.
+The default is 4 for 68HC11 and 2 for 68HC12.
+.PP
+\fIMCore Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "MCore Options"
+.PP
+These are the \fB\-m\fR options defined for the Motorola M*Core
+processors.
+.IP "\fB\-mhardlit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhardlit"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-hardlit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-hardlit"
+.PD
+Inline constants into the code stream if it can be done in two
+instructions or less.
+.IP "\fB\-mdiv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdiv"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-div\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-div"
+.PD
+Use the divide instruction.  (Enabled by default).
+.IP "\fB\-mrelax\-immediate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrelax-immediate"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-relax\-immediate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-relax-immediate"
+.PD
+Allow arbitrary sized immediates in bit operations.
+.IP "\fB\-mwide\-bitfields\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwide-bitfields"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-wide\-bitfields\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-wide-bitfields"
+.PD
+Always treat bit-fields as int-sized.
+.IP "\fB\-m4byte\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4byte-functions"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-4byte\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-4byte-functions"
+.PD
+Force all functions to be aligned to a four byte boundary.
+.IP "\fB\-mcallgraph\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcallgraph-data"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-callgraph\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-callgraph-data"
+.PD
+Emit callgraph information.
+.IP "\fB\-mslow\-bytes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mslow-bytes"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-slow\-bytes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-slow-bytes"
+.PD
+Prefer word access when reading byte quantities.
+.IP "\fB\-mlittle\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlittle-endian"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig-endian"
+.PD
+Generate code for a little endian target.
+.IP "\fB\-m210\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m210"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m340\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m340"
+.PD
+Generate code for the 210 processor.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-lsim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-lsim"
+Assume that run-time support has been provided and so omit the
+simulator library (\fIlibsim.a)\fR from the linker command line.
+.IP "\fB\-mstack\-increment=\fR\fIsize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstack-increment=size"
+Set the maximum amount for a single stack increment operation.  Large
+values can increase the speed of programs which contain functions
+that need a large amount of stack space, but they can also trigger a
+segmentation fault if the stack is extended too much.  The default
+value is 0x1000.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1MIPS\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "MIPS Options"
+.IP "\fB\-EB\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-EB"
+Generate big-endian code.
+.IP "\fB\-EL\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-EL"
+Generate little-endian code.  This is the default for \fBmips*el\-*\-*\fR
+configurations.
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIarch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=arch"
+Generate code that will run on \fIarch\fR, which can be the name of a
+generic \s-1MIPS\s0 \s-1ISA\s0, or the name of a particular processor.
+The \s-1ISA\s0 names are:
+\&\fBmips1\fR, \fBmips2\fR, \fBmips3\fR, \fBmips4\fR,
+\&\fBmips32\fR, \fBmips32r2\fR, \fBmips64\fR and \fBmips64r2\fR.
+The processor names are:
+\&\fB4kc\fR, \fB4km\fR, \fB4kp\fR, \fB4ksc\fR,
+\&\fB4kec\fR, \fB4kem\fR, \fB4kep\fR, \fB4ksd\fR,
+\&\fB5kc\fR, \fB5kf\fR,
+\&\fB20kc\fR,
+\&\fB24kc\fR, \fB24kf2_1\fR, \fB24kf1_1\fR,
+\&\fB24kec\fR, \fB24kef2_1\fR, \fB24kef1_1\fR,
+\&\fB34kc\fR, \fB34kf2_1\fR, \fB34kf1_1\fR,
+\&\fB74kc\fR, \fB74kf2_1\fR, \fB74kf1_1\fR, \fB74kf3_2\fR,
+\&\fBloongson2e\fR, \fBloongson2f\fR,
+\&\fBm4k\fR,
+\&\fBocteon\fR,
+\&\fBorion\fR,
+\&\fBr2000\fR, \fBr3000\fR, \fBr3900\fR, \fBr4000\fR, \fBr4400\fR,
+\&\fBr4600\fR, \fBr4650\fR, \fBr6000\fR, \fBr8000\fR,
+\&\fBrm7000\fR, \fBrm9000\fR,
+\&\fBr10000\fR, \fBr12000\fR, \fBr14000\fR, \fBr16000\fR,
+\&\fBsb1\fR,
+\&\fBsr71000\fR,
+\&\fBvr4100\fR, \fBvr4111\fR, \fBvr4120\fR, \fBvr4130\fR, \fBvr4300\fR,
+\&\fBvr5000\fR, \fBvr5400\fR, \fBvr5500\fR
+and \fBxlr\fR.
+The special value \fBfrom-abi\fR selects the
+most compatible architecture for the selected \s-1ABI\s0 (that is,
+\&\fBmips1\fR for 32\-bit ABIs and \fBmips3\fR for 64\-bit ABIs).
+.Sp
+Native Linux/GNU toolchains also support the value \fBnative\fR,
+which selects the best architecture option for the host processor.
+\&\fB\-march=native\fR has no effect if \s-1GCC\s0 does not recognize
+the processor.
+.Sp
+In processor names, a final \fB000\fR can be abbreviated as \fBk\fR
+(for example, \fB\-march=r2k\fR).  Prefixes are optional, and
+\&\fBvr\fR may be written \fBr\fR.
+.Sp
+Names of the form \fIn\fR\fBf2_1\fR refer to processors with
+FPUs clocked at half the rate of the core, names of the form
+\&\fIn\fR\fBf1_1\fR refer to processors with FPUs clocked at the same
+rate as the core, and names of the form \fIn\fR\fBf3_2\fR refer to
+processors with FPUs clocked a ratio of 3:2 with respect to the core.
+For compatibility reasons, \fIn\fR\fBf\fR is accepted as a synonym
+for \fIn\fR\fBf2_1\fR while \fIn\fR\fBx\fR and \fIb\fR\fBfx\fR are
+accepted as synonyms for \fIn\fR\fBf1_1\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 defines two macros based on the value of this option.  The first
+is \fB_MIPS_ARCH\fR, which gives the name of target architecture, as
+a string.  The second has the form \fB_MIPS_ARCH_\fR\fIfoo\fR,
+where \fIfoo\fR is the capitalized value of \fB_MIPS_ARCH\fR.
+For example, \fB\-march=r2000\fR will set \fB_MIPS_ARCH\fR
+to \fB\*(L"r2000\*(R"\fR and define the macro \fB_MIPS_ARCH_R2000\fR.
+.Sp
+Note that the \fB_MIPS_ARCH\fR macro uses the processor names given
+above.  In other words, it will have the full prefix and will not
+abbreviate \fB000\fR as \fBk\fR.  In the case of \fBfrom-abi\fR,
+the macro names the resolved architecture (either \fB\*(L"mips1\*(R"\fR or
+\&\fB\*(L"mips3\*(R"\fR).  It names the default architecture when no
+\&\fB\-march\fR option is given.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIarch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=arch"
+Optimize for \fIarch\fR.  Among other things, this option controls
+the way instructions are scheduled, and the perceived cost of arithmetic
+operations.  The list of \fIarch\fR values is the same as for
+\&\fB\-march\fR.
+.Sp
+When this option is not used, \s-1GCC\s0 will optimize for the processor
+specified by \fB\-march\fR.  By using \fB\-march\fR and
+\&\fB\-mtune\fR together, it is possible to generate code that will
+run on a family of processors, but optimize the code for one
+particular member of that family.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mtune\fR defines the macros \fB_MIPS_TUNE\fR and
+\&\fB_MIPS_TUNE_\fR\fIfoo\fR, which work in the same way as the
+\&\fB\-march\fR ones described above.
+.IP "\fB\-mips1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips1"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips1\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips2"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips3"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips3\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips4"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips4\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips32"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips32\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips32r2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips32r2"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips32r2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips64"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips64\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips64r2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips64r2"
+Equivalent to \fB\-march=mips64r2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mips16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips16"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mips16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mips16"
+.PD
+Generate (do not generate) \s-1MIPS16\s0 code.  If \s-1GCC\s0 is targetting a
+\&\s-1MIPS32\s0 or \s-1MIPS64\s0 architecture, it will make use of the MIPS16e \s-1ASE\s0.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1MIPS16\s0 code generation can also be controlled on a per-function basis
+by means of \f(CW\*(C`mips16\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`nomips16\*(C'\fR attributes.
+.IP "\fB\-mflip\-mips16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mflip-mips16"
+Generate \s-1MIPS16\s0 code on alternating functions.  This option is provided
+for regression testing of mixed MIPS16/non\-MIPS16 code generation, and is
+not intended for ordinary use in compiling user code.
+.IP "\fB\-minterlink\-mips16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minterlink-mips16"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-interlink\-mips16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-interlink-mips16"
+.PD
+Require (do not require) that non\-MIPS16 code be link-compatible with
+\&\s-1MIPS16\s0 code.
+.Sp
+For example, non\-MIPS16 code cannot jump directly to \s-1MIPS16\s0 code;
+it must either use a call or an indirect jump.  \fB\-minterlink\-mips16\fR
+therefore disables direct jumps unless \s-1GCC\s0 knows that the target of the
+jump is not \s-1MIPS16\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=o64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=o64"
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=n32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=n32"
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=64"
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=eabi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=eabi"
+.PD
+Generate code for the given \s-1ABI\s0.
+.Sp
+Note that the \s-1EABI\s0 has a 32\-bit and a 64\-bit variant.  \s-1GCC\s0 normally
+generates 64\-bit code when you select a 64\-bit architecture, but you
+can use \fB\-mgp32\fR to get 32\-bit code instead.
+.Sp
+For information about the O64 \s-1ABI\s0, see
+<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/projects/mipso64\-abi.html\fR>.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 supports a variant of the o32 \s-1ABI\s0 in which floating-point registers
+are 64 rather than 32 bits wide.  You can select this combination with
+\&\fB\-mabi=32\fR \fB\-mfp64\fR.  This \s-1ABI\s0 relies on the \fBmthc1\fR
+and \fBmfhc1\fR instructions and is therefore only supported for
+\&\s-1MIPS32R2\s0 processors.
+.Sp
+The register assignments for arguments and return values remain the
+same, but each scalar value is passed in a single 64\-bit register
+rather than a pair of 32\-bit registers.  For example, scalar
+floating-point values are returned in \fB\f(CB$f0\fB\fR only, not a
+\&\fB\f(CB$f0\fB\fR/\fB\f(CB$f1\fB\fR pair.  The set of call-saved registers also
+remains the same, but all 64 bits are saved.
+.IP "\fB\-mabicalls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabicalls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-abicalls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-abicalls"
+.PD
+Generate (do not generate) code that is suitable for SVR4\-style
+dynamic objects.  \fB\-mabicalls\fR is the default for SVR4\-based
+systems.
+.IP "\fB\-mshared\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mshared"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-shared\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-shared"
+.PD
+Generate (do not generate) code that is fully position-independent,
+and that can therefore be linked into shared libraries.  This option
+only affects \fB\-mabicalls\fR.
+.Sp
+All \fB\-mabicalls\fR code has traditionally been position-independent,
+regardless of options like \fB\-fPIC\fR and \fB\-fpic\fR.  However,
+as an extension, the \s-1GNU\s0 toolchain allows executables to use absolute
+accesses for locally-binding symbols.  It can also use shorter \s-1GP\s0
+initialization sequences and generate direct calls to locally-defined
+functions.  This mode is selected by \fB\-mno\-shared\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mno\-shared\fR depends on binutils 2.16 or higher and generates
+objects that can only be linked by the \s-1GNU\s0 linker.  However, the option
+does not affect the \s-1ABI\s0 of the final executable; it only affects the \s-1ABI\s0
+of relocatable objects.  Using \fB\-mno\-shared\fR will generally make
+executables both smaller and quicker.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mshared\fR is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mplt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mplt"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-plt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-plt"
+.PD
+Assume (do not assume) that the static and dynamic linkers
+support PLTs and copy relocations.  This option only affects
+\&\fB\-mno\-shared \-mabicalls\fR.  For the n64 \s-1ABI\s0, this option
+has no effect without \fB\-msym32\fR.
+.Sp
+You can make \fB\-mplt\fR the default by configuring
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 with \fB\-\-with\-mips\-plt\fR.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mno\-plt\fR otherwise.
+.IP "\fB\-mxgot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mxgot"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-xgot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-xgot"
+.PD
+Lift (do not lift) the usual restrictions on the size of the global
+offset table.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 normally uses a single instruction to load values from the \s-1GOT\s0.
+While this is relatively efficient, it will only work if the \s-1GOT\s0
+is smaller than about 64k.  Anything larger will cause the linker
+to report an error such as:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        relocation truncated to fit: R_MIPS_GOT16 foobar
+.Ve
+.Sp
+If this happens, you should recompile your code with \fB\-mxgot\fR.
+It should then work with very large GOTs, although it will also be
+less efficient, since it will take three instructions to fetch the
+value of a global symbol.
+.Sp
+Note that some linkers can create multiple GOTs.  If you have such a
+linker, you should only need to use \fB\-mxgot\fR when a single object
+file accesses more than 64k's worth of \s-1GOT\s0 entries.  Very few do.
+.Sp
+These options have no effect unless \s-1GCC\s0 is generating position
+independent code.
+.IP "\fB\-mgp32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgp32"
+Assume that general-purpose registers are 32 bits wide.
+.IP "\fB\-mgp64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgp64"
+Assume that general-purpose registers are 64 bits wide.
+.IP "\fB\-mfp32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp32"
+Assume that floating-point registers are 32 bits wide.
+.IP "\fB\-mfp64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp64"
+Assume that floating-point registers are 64 bits wide.
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+Use floating-point coprocessor instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Do not use floating-point coprocessor instructions.  Implement
+floating-point calculations using library calls instead.
+.IP "\fB\-msingle\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msingle-float"
+Assume that the floating-point coprocessor only supports single-precision
+operations.
+.IP "\fB\-mdouble\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdouble-float"
+Assume that the floating-point coprocessor supports double-precision
+operations.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mllsc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mllsc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-llsc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-llsc"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) \fBll\fR, \fBsc\fR, and \fBsync\fR instructions to
+implement atomic memory built-in functions.  When neither option is
+specified, \s-1GCC\s0 will use the instructions if the target architecture
+supports them.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mllsc\fR is useful if the runtime environment can emulate the
+instructions and \fB\-mno\-llsc\fR can be useful when compiling for
+nonstandard ISAs.  You can make either option the default by
+configuring \s-1GCC\s0 with \fB\-\-with\-llsc\fR and \fB\-\-without\-llsc\fR
+respectively.  \fB\-\-with\-llsc\fR is the default for some
+configurations; see the installation documentation for details.
+.IP "\fB\-mdsp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdsp"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-dsp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-dsp"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) revision 1 of the \s-1MIPS\s0 \s-1DSP\s0 \s-1ASE\s0.
+  This option defines the
+preprocessor macro \fB_\|_mips_dsp\fR.  It also defines
+\&\fB_\|_mips_dsp_rev\fR to 1.
+.IP "\fB\-mdspr2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdspr2"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-dspr2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-dspr2"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) revision 2 of the \s-1MIPS\s0 \s-1DSP\s0 \s-1ASE\s0.
+  This option defines the
+preprocessor macros \fB_\|_mips_dsp\fR and \fB_\|_mips_dspr2\fR.
+It also defines \fB_\|_mips_dsp_rev\fR to 2.
+.IP "\fB\-msmartmips\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msmartmips"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-smartmips\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-smartmips"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the \s-1MIPS\s0 SmartMIPS \s-1ASE\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mpaired\-single\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpaired-single"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-paired\-single\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-paired-single"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) paired-single floating-point instructions.
+  This option requires
+hardware floating-point support to be enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-mdmx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdmx"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mdmx\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mdmx"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) \s-1MIPS\s0 Digital Media Extension instructions.
+This option can only be used when generating 64\-bit code and requires
+hardware floating-point support to be enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-mips3d\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mips3d"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mips3d\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mips3d"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the \s-1MIPS\-3D\s0 \s-1ASE\s0.  
+The option \fB\-mips3d\fR implies \fB\-mpaired\-single\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmt"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mt"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) \s-1MT\s0 Multithreading instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong64"
+Force \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR types to be 64 bits wide.  See \fB\-mlong32\fR for
+an explanation of the default and the way that the pointer size is
+determined.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong32"
+Force \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR, and pointer types to be 32 bits wide.
+.Sp
+The default size of \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fRs, \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fRs and pointers depends on
+the \s-1ABI\s0.  All the supported ABIs use 32\-bit \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fRs.  The n64 \s-1ABI\s0
+uses 64\-bit \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fRs, as does the 64\-bit \s-1EABI\s0; the others use
+32\-bit \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fRs.  Pointers are the same size as \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fRs,
+or the same size as integer registers, whichever is smaller.
+.IP "\fB\-msym32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msym32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sym32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sym32"
+.PD
+Assume (do not assume) that all symbols have 32\-bit values, regardless
+of the selected \s-1ABI\s0.  This option is useful in combination with
+\&\fB\-mabi=64\fR and \fB\-mno\-abicalls\fR because it allows \s-1GCC\s0
+to generate shorter and faster references to symbolic addresses.
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-G num"
+Put definitions of externally-visible data in a small data section
+if that data is no bigger than \fInum\fR bytes.  \s-1GCC\s0 can then access
+the data more efficiently; see \fB\-mgpopt\fR for details.
+.Sp
+The default \fB\-G\fR option depends on the configuration.
+.IP "\fB\-mlocal\-sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlocal-sdata"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-local\-sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-local-sdata"
+.PD
+Extend (do not extend) the \fB\-G\fR behavior to local data too,
+such as to static variables in C.  \fB\-mlocal\-sdata\fR is the
+default for all configurations.
+.Sp
+If the linker complains that an application is using too much small data,
+you might want to try rebuilding the less performance-critical parts with
+\&\fB\-mno\-local\-sdata\fR.  You might also want to build large
+libraries with \fB\-mno\-local\-sdata\fR, so that the libraries leave
+more room for the main program.
+.IP "\fB\-mextern\-sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mextern-sdata"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-extern\-sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-extern-sdata"
+.PD
+Assume (do not assume) that externally-defined data will be in
+a small data section if that data is within the \fB\-G\fR limit.
+\&\fB\-mextern\-sdata\fR is the default for all configurations.
+.Sp
+If you compile a module \fIMod\fR with \fB\-mextern\-sdata\fR \fB\-G\fR
+\&\fInum\fR \fB\-mgpopt\fR, and \fIMod\fR references a variable \fIVar\fR
+that is no bigger than \fInum\fR bytes, you must make sure that \fIVar\fR
+is placed in a small data section.  If \fIVar\fR is defined by another
+module, you must either compile that module with a high-enough
+\&\fB\-G\fR setting or attach a \f(CW\*(C`section\*(C'\fR attribute to \fIVar\fR's
+definition.  If \fIVar\fR is common, you must link the application
+with a high-enough \fB\-G\fR setting.
+.Sp
+The easiest way of satisfying these restrictions is to compile
+and link every module with the same \fB\-G\fR option.  However,
+you may wish to build a library that supports several different
+small data limits.  You can do this by compiling the library with
+the highest supported \fB\-G\fR setting and additionally using
+\&\fB\-mno\-extern\-sdata\fR to stop the library from making assumptions
+about externally-defined data.
+.IP "\fB\-mgpopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgpopt"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-gpopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-gpopt"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) GP-relative accesses for symbols that are known to be
+in a small data section; see \fB\-G\fR, \fB\-mlocal\-sdata\fR and
+\&\fB\-mextern\-sdata\fR.  \fB\-mgpopt\fR is the default for all
+configurations.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mno\-gpopt\fR is useful for cases where the \f(CW$gp\fR register
+might not hold the value of \f(CW\*(C`_gp\*(C'\fR.  For example, if the code is
+part of a library that might be used in a boot monitor, programs that
+call boot monitor routines will pass an unknown value in \f(CW$gp\fR.
+(In such situations, the boot monitor itself would usually be compiled
+with \fB\-G0\fR.)
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mno\-gpopt\fR implies \fB\-mno\-local\-sdata\fR and
+\&\fB\-mno\-extern\-sdata\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-membedded\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-membedded-data"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-embedded\-data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-embedded-data"
+.PD
+Allocate variables to the read-only data section first if possible, then
+next in the small data section if possible, otherwise in data.  This gives
+slightly slower code than the default, but reduces the amount of \s-1RAM\s0 required
+when executing, and thus may be preferred for some embedded systems.
+.IP "\fB\-muninit\-const\-in\-rodata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-muninit-const-in-rodata"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-uninit\-const\-in\-rodata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-uninit-const-in-rodata"
+.PD
+Put uninitialized \f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR variables in the read-only data section.
+This option is only meaningful in conjunction with \fB\-membedded\-data\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcode\-readable=\fR\fIsetting\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcode-readable=setting"
+Specify whether \s-1GCC\s0 may generate code that reads from executable sections.
+There are three possible settings:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fB\-mcode\-readable=yes\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcode-readable=yes"
+Instructions may freely access executable sections.  This is the
+default setting.
+.IP "\fB\-mcode\-readable=pcrel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcode-readable=pcrel"
+\&\s-1MIPS16\s0 PC-relative load instructions can access executable sections,
+but other instructions must not do so.  This option is useful on 4KSc
+and 4KSd processors when the code TLBs have the Read Inhibit bit set.
+It is also useful on processors that can be configured to have a dual
+instruction/data \s-1SRAM\s0 interface and that, like the M4K, automatically
+redirect PC-relative loads to the instruction \s-1RAM\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mcode\-readable=no\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcode-readable=no"
+Instructions must not access executable sections.  This option can be
+useful on targets that are configured to have a dual instruction/data
+\&\s-1SRAM\s0 interface but that (unlike the M4K) do not automatically redirect
+PC-relative loads to the instruction \s-1RAM\s0.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-msplit\-addresses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msplit-addresses"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-split\-addresses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-split-addresses"
+.PD
+Enable (disable) use of the \f(CW\*(C`%hi()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`%lo()\*(C'\fR assembler
+relocation operators.  This option has been superseded by
+\&\fB\-mexplicit\-relocs\fR but is retained for backwards compatibility.
+.IP "\fB\-mexplicit\-relocs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mexplicit-relocs"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-explicit\-relocs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-explicit-relocs"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) assembler relocation operators when dealing with symbolic
+addresses.  The alternative, selected by \fB\-mno\-explicit\-relocs\fR,
+is to use assembler macros instead.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mexplicit\-relocs\fR is the default if \s-1GCC\s0 was configured
+to use an assembler that supports relocation operators.
+.IP "\fB\-mcheck\-zero\-division\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcheck-zero-division"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-check\-zero\-division\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-check-zero-division"
+.PD
+Trap (do not trap) on integer division by zero.
+.Sp
+The default is \fB\-mcheck\-zero\-division\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mdivide\-traps\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdivide-traps"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mdivide\-breaks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdivide-breaks"
+.PD
+\&\s-1MIPS\s0 systems check for division by zero by generating either a
+conditional trap or a break instruction.  Using traps results in
+smaller code, but is only supported on \s-1MIPS\s0 \s-1II\s0 and later.  Also, some
+versions of the Linux kernel have a bug that prevents trap from
+generating the proper signal (\f(CW\*(C`SIGFPE\*(C'\fR).  Use \fB\-mdivide\-traps\fR to
+allow conditional traps on architectures that support them and
+\&\fB\-mdivide\-breaks\fR to force the use of breaks.
+.Sp
+The default is usually \fB\-mdivide\-traps\fR, but this can be
+overridden at configure time using \fB\-\-with\-divide=breaks\fR.
+Divide-by-zero checks can be completely disabled using
+\&\fB\-mno\-check\-zero\-division\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmemcpy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmemcpy"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-memcpy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-memcpy"
+.PD
+Force (do not force) the use of \f(CW\*(C`memcpy()\*(C'\fR for non-trivial block
+moves.  The default is \fB\-mno\-memcpy\fR, which allows \s-1GCC\s0 to inline
+most constant-sized copies.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-long-calls"
+.PD
+Disable (do not disable) use of the \f(CW\*(C`jal\*(C'\fR instruction.  Calling
+functions using \f(CW\*(C`jal\*(C'\fR is more efficient but requires the caller
+and callee to be in the same 256 megabyte segment.
+.Sp
+This option has no effect on abicalls code.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmad\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmad"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mad\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mad"
+.PD
+Enable (disable) use of the \f(CW\*(C`mad\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`madu\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mul\*(C'\fR
+instructions, as provided by the R4650 \s-1ISA\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mfused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfused-madd"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fused-madd"
+.PD
+Enable (disable) use of the floating point multiply-accumulate
+instructions, when they are available.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mfused\-madd\fR.
+.Sp
+When multiply-accumulate instructions are used, the intermediate
+product is calculated to infinite precision and is not subject to
+the \s-1FCSR\s0 Flush to Zero bit.  This may be undesirable in some
+circumstances.
+.IP "\fB\-nocpp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-nocpp"
+Tell the \s-1MIPS\s0 assembler to not run its preprocessor over user
+assembler files (with a \fB.s\fR suffix) when assembling them.
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-r4000\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-r4000"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fix\-r4000\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fix-r4000"
+.PD
+Work around certain R4000 \s-1CPU\s0 errata:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\-" 4
+A double-word or a variable shift may give an incorrect result if executed
+immediately after starting an integer division.
+.IP "\-" 4
+A double-word or a variable shift may give an incorrect result if executed
+while an integer multiplication is in progress.
+.IP "\-" 4
+An integer division may give an incorrect result if started in a delay slot
+of a taken branch or a jump.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-r4400\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-r4400"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fix\-r4400\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fix-r4400"
+.PD
+Work around certain R4400 \s-1CPU\s0 errata:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\-" 4
+A double-word or a variable shift may give an incorrect result if executed
+immediately after starting an integer division.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-r10000\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-r10000"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fix\-r10000\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fix-r10000"
+.PD
+Work around certain R10000 errata:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\-" 4
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ll\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`sc\*(C'\fR sequences may not behave atomically on revisions
+prior to 3.0.  They may deadlock on revisions 2.6 and earlier.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+This option can only be used if the target architecture supports
+branch-likely instructions.  \fB\-mfix\-r10000\fR is the default when
+\&\fB\-march=r10000\fR is used; \fB\-mno\-fix\-r10000\fR is the default
+otherwise.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-vr4120\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-vr4120"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fix\-vr4120\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fix-vr4120"
+.PD
+Work around certain \s-1VR4120\s0 errata:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\-" 4
+\&\f(CW\*(C`dmultu\*(C'\fR does not always produce the correct result.
+.IP "\-" 4
+\&\f(CW\*(C`div\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ddiv\*(C'\fR do not always produce the correct result if one
+of the operands is negative.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+The workarounds for the division errata rely on special functions in
+\&\fIlibgcc.a\fR.  At present, these functions are only provided by
+the \f(CW\*(C`mips64vr*\-elf\*(C'\fR configurations.
+.Sp
+Other \s-1VR4120\s0 errata require a nop to be inserted between certain pairs of
+instructions.  These errata are handled by the assembler, not by \s-1GCC\s0 itself.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-vr4130\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-vr4130"
+Work around the \s-1VR4130\s0 \f(CW\*(C`mflo\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`mfhi\*(C'\fR errata.  The
+workarounds are implemented by the assembler rather than by \s-1GCC\s0,
+although \s-1GCC\s0 will avoid using \f(CW\*(C`mflo\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mfhi\*(C'\fR if the
+\&\s-1VR4130\s0 \f(CW\*(C`macc\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`macchi\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`dmacc\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`dmacchi\*(C'\fR
+instructions are available instead.
+.IP "\fB\-mfix\-sb1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfix-sb1"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fix\-sb1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fix-sb1"
+.PD
+Work around certain \s-1SB\-1\s0 \s-1CPU\s0 core errata.
+(This flag currently works around the \s-1SB\-1\s0 revision 2
+\&\*(L"F1\*(R" and \*(L"F2\*(R" floating point errata.)
+.IP "\fB\-mr10k\-cache\-barrier=\fR\fIsetting\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mr10k-cache-barrier=setting"
+Specify whether \s-1GCC\s0 should insert cache barriers to avoid the
+side-effects of speculation on R10K processors.
+.Sp
+In common with many processors, the R10K tries to predict the outcome
+of a conditional branch and speculatively executes instructions from
+the \*(L"taken\*(R" branch.  It later aborts these instructions if the
+predicted outcome was wrong.  However, on the R10K, even aborted
+instructions can have side effects.
+.Sp
+This problem only affects kernel stores and, depending on the system,
+kernel loads.  As an example, a speculatively-executed store may load
+the target memory into cache and mark the cache line as dirty, even if
+the store itself is later aborted.  If a \s-1DMA\s0 operation writes to the
+same area of memory before the \*(L"dirty\*(R" line is flushed, the cached
+data will overwrite the DMA-ed data.  See the R10K processor manual
+for a full description, including other potential problems.
+.Sp
+One workaround is to insert cache barrier instructions before every memory
+access that might be speculatively executed and that might have side
+effects even if aborted.  \fB\-mr10k\-cache\-barrier=\fR\fIsetting\fR
+controls \s-1GCC\s0's implementation of this workaround.  It assumes that
+aborted accesses to any byte in the following regions will not have
+side effects:
+.RS 4
+.IP "1." 4
+the memory occupied by the current function's stack frame;
+.IP "2." 4
+the memory occupied by an incoming stack argument;
+.IP "3." 4
+the memory occupied by an object with a link-time-constant address.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+It is the kernel's responsibility to ensure that speculative
+accesses to these regions are indeed safe.
+.Sp
+If the input program contains a function declaration such as:
+.Sp
+.Vb 1
+\&        void foo (void);
+.Ve
+.Sp
+then the implementation of \f(CW\*(C`foo\*(C'\fR must allow \f(CW\*(C`j foo\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`jal foo\*(C'\fR to be executed speculatively.  \s-1GCC\s0 honors this
+restriction for functions it compiles itself.  It expects non-GCC
+functions (such as hand-written assembly code) to do the same.
+.Sp
+The option has three forms:
+.IP "\fB\-mr10k\-cache\-barrier=load\-store\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mr10k-cache-barrier=load-store"
+Insert a cache barrier before a load or store that might be
+speculatively executed and that might have side effects even
+if aborted.
+.IP "\fB\-mr10k\-cache\-barrier=store\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mr10k-cache-barrier=store"
+Insert a cache barrier before a store that might be speculatively
+executed and that might have side effects even if aborted.
+.IP "\fB\-mr10k\-cache\-barrier=none\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mr10k-cache-barrier=none"
+Disable the insertion of cache barriers.  This is the default setting.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-mflush\-func=\fR\fIfunc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mflush-func=func"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-flush\-func\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-flush-func"
+.PD
+Specifies the function to call to flush the I and D caches, or to not
+call any such function.  If called, the function must take the same
+arguments as the common \f(CW\*(C`_flush_func()\*(C'\fR, that is, the address of the
+memory range for which the cache is being flushed, the size of the
+memory range, and the number 3 (to flush both caches).  The default
+depends on the target \s-1GCC\s0 was configured for, but commonly is either
+\&\fB_flush_func\fR or \fB_\|_cpu_flush\fR.
+.IP "\fBmbranch\-cost=\fR\fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "mbranch-cost=num"
+Set the cost of branches to roughly \fInum\fR \*(L"simple\*(R" instructions.
+This cost is only a heuristic and is not guaranteed to produce
+consistent results across releases.  A zero cost redundantly selects
+the default, which is based on the \fB\-mtune\fR setting.
+.IP "\fB\-mbranch\-likely\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbranch-likely"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-branch\-likely\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-branch-likely"
+.PD
+Enable or disable use of Branch Likely instructions, regardless of the
+default for the selected architecture.  By default, Branch Likely
+instructions may be generated if they are supported by the selected
+architecture.  An exception is for the \s-1MIPS32\s0 and \s-1MIPS64\s0 architectures
+and processors which implement those architectures; for those, Branch
+Likely instructions will not be generated by default because the \s-1MIPS32\s0
+and \s-1MIPS64\s0 architectures specifically deprecate their use.
+.IP "\fB\-mfp\-exceptions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfp-exceptions"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fp\-exceptions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fp-exceptions"
+.PD
+Specifies whether \s-1FP\s0 exceptions are enabled.  This affects how we schedule
+\&\s-1FP\s0 instructions for some processors.  The default is that \s-1FP\s0 exceptions are
+enabled.
+.Sp
+For instance, on the \s-1SB\-1\s0, if \s-1FP\s0 exceptions are disabled, and we are emitting
+64\-bit code, then we can use both \s-1FP\s0 pipes.  Otherwise, we can only use one
+\&\s-1FP\s0 pipe.
+.IP "\fB\-mvr4130\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvr4130-align"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-vr4130\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-vr4130-align"
+.PD
+The \s-1VR4130\s0 pipeline is two-way superscalar, but can only issue two
+instructions together if the first one is 8\-byte aligned.  When this
+option is enabled, \s-1GCC\s0 will align pairs of instructions that it
+thinks should execute in parallel.
+.Sp
+This option only has an effect when optimizing for the \s-1VR4130\s0.
+It normally makes code faster, but at the expense of making it bigger.
+It is enabled by default at optimization level \fB\-O3\fR.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1MMIX\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "MMIX Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for the \s-1MMIX:\s0
+.IP "\fB\-mlibfuncs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlibfuncs"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-libfuncs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-libfuncs"
+.PD
+Specify that intrinsic library functions are being compiled, passing all
+values in registers, no matter the size.
+.IP "\fB\-mepsilon\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mepsilon"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-epsilon\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-epsilon"
+.PD
+Generate floating-point comparison instructions that compare with respect
+to the \f(CW\*(C`rE\*(C'\fR epsilon register.
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=mmixware\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=mmixware"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=gnu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=gnu"
+.PD
+Generate code that passes function parameters and return values that (in
+the called function) are seen as registers \f(CW$0\fR and up, as opposed to
+the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 which uses global registers \f(CW$231\fR and up.
+.IP "\fB\-mzero\-extend\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mzero-extend"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-zero\-extend\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-zero-extend"
+.PD
+When reading data from memory in sizes shorter than 64 bits, use (do not
+use) zero-extending load instructions by default, rather than
+sign-extending ones.
+.IP "\fB\-mknuthdiv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mknuthdiv"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-knuthdiv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-knuthdiv"
+.PD
+Make the result of a division yielding a remainder have the same sign as
+the divisor.  With the default, \fB\-mno\-knuthdiv\fR, the sign of the
+remainder follows the sign of the dividend.  Both methods are
+arithmetically valid, the latter being almost exclusively used.
+.IP "\fB\-mtoplevel\-symbols\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtoplevel-symbols"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-toplevel\-symbols\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-toplevel-symbols"
+.PD
+Prepend (do not prepend) a \fB:\fR to all global symbols, so the assembly
+code can be used with the \f(CW\*(C`PREFIX\*(C'\fR assembly directive.
+.IP "\fB\-melf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-melf"
+Generate an executable in the \s-1ELF\s0 format, rather than the default
+\&\fBmmo\fR format used by the \fBmmix\fR simulator.
+.IP "\fB\-mbranch\-predict\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbranch-predict"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-branch\-predict\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-branch-predict"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the probable-branch instructions, when static branch
+prediction indicates a probable branch.
+.IP "\fB\-mbase\-addresses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbase-addresses"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-base\-addresses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-base-addresses"
+.PD
+Generate (do not generate) code that uses \fIbase addresses\fR.  Using a
+base address automatically generates a request (handled by the assembler
+and the linker) for a constant to be set up in a global register.  The
+register is used for one or more base address requests within the range 0
+to 255 from the value held in the register.  The generally leads to short
+and fast code, but the number of different data items that can be
+addressed is limited.  This means that a program that uses lots of static
+data may require \fB\-mno\-base\-addresses\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msingle\-exit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msingle-exit"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-single\-exit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-single-exit"
+.PD
+Force (do not force) generated code to have a single exit point in each
+function.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1MN10300\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "MN10300 Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for Matsushita \s-1MN10300\s0 architectures:
+.IP "\fB\-mmult\-bug\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmult-bug"
+Generate code to avoid bugs in the multiply instructions for the \s-1MN10300\s0
+processors.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mult\-bug\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mult-bug"
+Do not generate code to avoid bugs in the multiply instructions for the
+\&\s-1MN10300\s0 processors.
+.IP "\fB\-mam33\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mam33"
+Generate code which uses features specific to the \s-1AM33\s0 processor.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-am33\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-am33"
+Do not generate code which uses features specific to the \s-1AM33\s0 processor.  This
+is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mreturn\-pointer\-on\-d0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mreturn-pointer-on-d0"
+When generating a function which returns a pointer, return the pointer
+in both \f(CW\*(C`a0\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`d0\*(C'\fR.  Otherwise, the pointer is returned
+only in a0, and attempts to call such functions without a prototype
+would result in errors.  Note that this option is on by default; use
+\&\fB\-mno\-return\-pointer\-on\-d0\fR to disable it.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-crt0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-crt0"
+Do not link in the C run-time initialization object file.
+.IP "\fB\-mrelax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrelax"
+Indicate to the linker that it should perform a relaxation optimization pass
+to shorten branches, calls and absolute memory addresses.  This option only
+has an effect when used on the command line for the final link step.
+.Sp
+This option makes symbolic debugging impossible.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1PDP\-11\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "PDP-11 Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for the \s-1PDP\-11:\s0
+.IP "\fB\-mfpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpu"
+Use hardware \s-1FPP\s0 floating point.  This is the default.  (\s-1FIS\s0 floating
+point on the \s-1PDP\-11/40\s0 is not supported.)
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+Do not use hardware floating point.
+.IP "\fB\-mac0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mac0"
+Return floating-point results in ac0 (fr0 in Unix assembler syntax).
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-ac0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-ac0"
+Return floating-point results in memory.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-m40\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m40"
+Generate code for a \s-1PDP\-11/40\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-m45\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m45"
+Generate code for a \s-1PDP\-11/45\s0.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-m10\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m10"
+Generate code for a \s-1PDP\-11/10\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mbcopy\-builtin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbcopy-builtin"
+Use inline \f(CW\*(C`movmemhi\*(C'\fR patterns for copying memory.  This is the
+default.
+.IP "\fB\-mbcopy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbcopy"
+Do not use inline \f(CW\*(C`movmemhi\*(C'\fR patterns for copying memory.
+.IP "\fB\-mint16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mint16"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-int32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-int32"
+.PD
+Use 16\-bit \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mint32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mint32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-int16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-int16"
+.PD
+Use 32\-bit \f(CW\*(C`int\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat64"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-float32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-float32"
+.PD
+Use 64\-bit \f(CW\*(C`float\*(C'\fR.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-float64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-float64"
+.PD
+Use 32\-bit \f(CW\*(C`float\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mabshi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabshi"
+Use \f(CW\*(C`abshi2\*(C'\fR pattern.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-abshi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-abshi"
+Do not use \f(CW\*(C`abshi2\*(C'\fR pattern.
+.IP "\fB\-mbranch\-expensive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbranch-expensive"
+Pretend that branches are expensive.  This is for experimenting with
+code generation only.
+.IP "\fB\-mbranch\-cheap\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbranch-cheap"
+Do not pretend that branches are expensive.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-msplit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msplit"
+Generate code for a system with split I&D.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-split\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-split"
+Generate code for a system without split I&D.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-munix\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-munix-asm"
+Use Unix assembler syntax.  This is the default when configured for
+\&\fBpdp11\-*\-bsd\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mdec\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdec-asm"
+Use \s-1DEC\s0 assembler syntax.  This is the default when configured for any
+\&\s-1PDP\-11\s0 target other than \fBpdp11\-*\-bsd\fR.
+.PP
+\fIpicoChip Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "picoChip Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for picoChip implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-mae=\fR\fIae_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mae=ae_type"
+Set the instruction set, register set, and instruction scheduling
+parameters for array element type \fIae_type\fR.  Supported values
+for \fIae_type\fR are \fB\s-1ANY\s0\fR, \fB\s-1MUL\s0\fR, and \fB\s-1MAC\s0\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mae=ANY\fR selects a completely generic \s-1AE\s0 type.  Code
+generated with this option will run on any of the other \s-1AE\s0 types.  The
+code will not be as efficient as it would be if compiled for a specific
+\&\s-1AE\s0 type, and some types of operation (e.g., multiplication) will not
+work properly on all types of \s-1AE\s0.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mae=MUL\fR selects a \s-1MUL\s0 \s-1AE\s0 type.  This is the most useful \s-1AE\s0 type
+for compiled code, and is the default.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mae=MAC\fR selects a DSP-style \s-1MAC\s0 \s-1AE\s0.  Code compiled with this
+option may suffer from poor performance of byte (char) manipulation,
+since the \s-1DSP\s0 \s-1AE\s0 does not provide hardware support for byte load/stores.
+.IP "\fB\-msymbol\-as\-address\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msymbol-as-address"
+Enable the compiler to directly use a symbol name as an address in a
+load/store instruction, without first loading it into a
+register.  Typically, the use of this option will generate larger
+programs, which run faster than when the option isn't used.  However, the
+results vary from program to program, so it is left as a user option,
+rather than being permanently enabled.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-inefficient\-warnings\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-inefficient-warnings"
+Disables warnings about the generation of inefficient code.  These
+warnings can be generated, for example, when compiling code which
+performs byte-level memory operations on the \s-1MAC\s0 \s-1AE\s0 type.  The \s-1MAC\s0 \s-1AE\s0 has
+no hardware support for byte-level memory operations, so all byte
+load/stores must be synthesized from word load/store operations.  This is
+inefficient and a warning will be generated indicating to the programmer
+that they should rewrite the code to avoid byte operations, or to target
+an \s-1AE\s0 type which has the necessary hardware support.  This option enables
+the warning to be turned off.
+.PP
+\fIPowerPC Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "PowerPC Options"
+.PP
+These are listed under
+.PP
+\fI\s-1IBM\s0 \s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the \s-1IBM\s0 \s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC:
+.IP "\fB\-mpower\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpower"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-power\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-power"
+.IP "\fB\-mpower2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpower2"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-power2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-power2"
+.IP "\fB\-mpowerpc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpowerpc"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-powerpc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-powerpc"
+.IP "\fB\-mpowerpc\-gpopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpowerpc-gpopt"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-powerpc\-gpopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-powerpc-gpopt"
+.IP "\fB\-mpowerpc\-gfxopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpowerpc-gfxopt"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-powerpc\-gfxopt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-powerpc-gfxopt"
+.IP "\fB\-mpowerpc64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpowerpc64"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-powerpc64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-powerpc64"
+.IP "\fB\-mmfcrf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmfcrf"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mfcrf\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mfcrf"
+.IP "\fB\-mpopcntb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpopcntb"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-popcntb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-popcntb"
+.IP "\fB\-mfprnd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfprnd"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fprnd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fprnd"
+.IP "\fB\-mcmpb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmpb"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-cmpb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-cmpb"
+.IP "\fB\-mmfpgpr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmfpgpr"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mfpgpr\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mfpgpr"
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-dfp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-dfp"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-hard\-dfp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-hard-dfp"
+.PD
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 supports two related instruction set architectures for the
+\&\s-1RS/6000\s0 and PowerPC.  The \fI\s-1POWER\s0\fR instruction set are those
+instructions supported by the \fBrios\fR chip set used in the original
+\&\s-1RS/6000\s0 systems and the \fIPowerPC\fR instruction set is the
+architecture of the Freescale MPC5xx, MPC6xx, MPC8xx microprocessors, and
+the \s-1IBM\s0 4xx, 6xx, and follow-on microprocessors.
+.Sp
+Neither architecture is a subset of the other.  However there is a
+large common subset of instructions supported by both.  An \s-1MQ\s0
+register is included in processors supporting the \s-1POWER\s0 architecture.
+.Sp
+You use these options to specify which instructions are available on the
+processor you are using.  The default value of these options is
+determined when configuring \s-1GCC\s0.  Specifying the
+\&\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR overrides the specification of these
+options.  We recommend you use the \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR option
+rather than the options listed above.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-mpower\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate instructions that
+are found only in the \s-1POWER\s0 architecture and to use the \s-1MQ\s0 register.
+Specifying \fB\-mpower2\fR implies \fB\-power\fR and also allows \s-1GCC\s0
+to generate instructions that are present in the \s-1POWER2\s0 architecture but
+not the original \s-1POWER\s0 architecture.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-mpowerpc\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate instructions that
+are found only in the 32\-bit subset of the PowerPC architecture.
+Specifying \fB\-mpowerpc\-gpopt\fR implies \fB\-mpowerpc\fR and also allows
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 to use the optional PowerPC architecture instructions in the
+General Purpose group, including floating-point square root.  Specifying
+\&\fB\-mpowerpc\-gfxopt\fR implies \fB\-mpowerpc\fR and also allows \s-1GCC\s0 to
+use the optional PowerPC architecture instructions in the Graphics
+group, including floating-point select.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-mmfcrf\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the move from
+condition register field instruction implemented on the \s-1POWER4\s0
+processor and other processors that support the PowerPC V2.01
+architecture.
+The \fB\-mpopcntb\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the popcount and
+double precision \s-1FP\s0 reciprocal estimate instruction implemented on the
+\&\s-1POWER5\s0 processor and other processors that support the PowerPC V2.02
+architecture.
+The \fB\-mfprnd\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the \s-1FP\s0 round to
+integer instructions implemented on the \s-1POWER5+\s0 processor and other
+processors that support the PowerPC V2.03 architecture.
+The \fB\-mcmpb\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the compare bytes
+instruction implemented on the \s-1POWER6\s0 processor and other processors
+that support the PowerPC V2.05 architecture.
+The \fB\-mmfpgpr\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the \s-1FP\s0 move to/from
+general purpose register instructions implemented on the \s-1POWER6X\s0
+processor and other processors that support the extended PowerPC V2.05
+architecture.
+The \fB\-mhard\-dfp\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the decimal floating
+point instructions implemented on some \s-1POWER\s0 processors.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-mpowerpc64\fR option allows \s-1GCC\s0 to generate the additional
+64\-bit instructions that are found in the full PowerPC64 architecture
+and to treat GPRs as 64\-bit, doubleword quantities.  \s-1GCC\s0 defaults to
+\&\fB\-mno\-powerpc64\fR.
+.Sp
+If you specify both \fB\-mno\-power\fR and \fB\-mno\-powerpc\fR, \s-1GCC\s0
+will use only the instructions in the common subset of both
+architectures plus some special \s-1AIX\s0 common-mode calls, and will not use
+the \s-1MQ\s0 register.  Specifying both \fB\-mpower\fR and \fB\-mpowerpc\fR
+permits \s-1GCC\s0 to use any instruction from either architecture and to
+allow use of the \s-1MQ\s0 register; specify this for the Motorola \s-1MPC601\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mnew\-mnemonics\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mnew-mnemonics"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mold\-mnemonics\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mold-mnemonics"
+.PD
+Select which mnemonics to use in the generated assembler code.  With
+\&\fB\-mnew\-mnemonics\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 uses the assembler mnemonics defined for
+the PowerPC architecture.  With \fB\-mold\-mnemonics\fR it uses the
+assembler mnemonics defined for the \s-1POWER\s0 architecture.  Instructions
+defined in only one architecture have only one mnemonic; \s-1GCC\s0 uses that
+mnemonic irrespective of which of these options is specified.
+.Sp
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 defaults to the mnemonics appropriate for the architecture in
+use.  Specifying \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR sometimes overrides the
+value of these option.  Unless you are building a cross-compiler, you
+should normally not specify either \fB\-mnew\-mnemonics\fR or
+\&\fB\-mold\-mnemonics\fR, but should instead accept the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu_type"
+Set architecture type, register usage, choice of mnemonics, and
+instruction scheduling parameters for machine type \fIcpu_type\fR.
+Supported values for \fIcpu_type\fR are \fB401\fR, \fB403\fR,
+\&\fB405\fR, \fB405fp\fR, \fB440\fR, \fB440fp\fR, \fB464\fR, \fB464fp\fR,
+\&\fB505\fR, \fB601\fR, \fB602\fR, \fB603\fR, \fB603e\fR, \fB604\fR,
+\&\fB604e\fR, \fB620\fR, \fB630\fR, \fB740\fR, \fB7400\fR,
+\&\fB7450\fR, \fB750\fR, \fB801\fR, \fB821\fR, \fB823\fR,
+\&\fB860\fR, \fB970\fR, \fB8540\fR, \fBe300c2\fR, \fBe300c3\fR,
+\&\fBe500mc\fR, \fBec603e\fR, \fBG3\fR, \fBG4\fR, \fBG5\fR,
+\&\fBpower\fR, \fBpower2\fR, \fBpower3\fR, \fBpower4\fR,
+\&\fBpower5\fR, \fBpower5+\fR, \fBpower6\fR, \fBpower6x\fR, \fBpower7\fR
+\&\fBcommon\fR, \fBpowerpc\fR, \fBpowerpc64\fR, \fBrios\fR,
+\&\fBrios1\fR, \fBrios2\fR, \fBrsc\fR, and \fBrs64\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mcpu=common\fR selects a completely generic processor.  Code
+generated under this option will run on any \s-1POWER\s0 or PowerPC processor.
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 will use only the instructions in the common subset of both
+architectures, and will not use the \s-1MQ\s0 register.  \s-1GCC\s0 assumes a generic
+processor model for scheduling purposes.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mcpu=power\fR, \fB\-mcpu=power2\fR, \fB\-mcpu=powerpc\fR, and
+\&\fB\-mcpu=powerpc64\fR specify generic \s-1POWER\s0, \s-1POWER2\s0, pure 32\-bit
+PowerPC (i.e., not \s-1MPC601\s0), and 64\-bit PowerPC architecture machine
+types, with an appropriate, generic processor model assumed for
+scheduling purposes.
+.Sp
+The other options specify a specific processor.  Code generated under
+those options will run best on that processor, and may not run at all on
+others.
+.Sp
+The \fB\-mcpu\fR options automatically enable or disable the
+following options:
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-maltivec  \-mfprnd  \-mhard\-float  \-mmfcrf  \-mmultiple 
+\&\-mnew\-mnemonics  \-mpopcntb  \-mpower  \-mpower2  \-mpowerpc64 
+\&\-mpowerpc\-gpopt  \-mpowerpc\-gfxopt  \-msingle\-float \-mdouble\-float 
+\&\-msimple\-fpu \-mstring  \-mmulhw  \-mdlmzb  \-mmfpgpr\fR
+.Sp
+The particular options set for any particular \s-1CPU\s0 will vary between
+compiler versions, depending on what setting seems to produce optimal
+code for that \s-1CPU\s0; it doesn't necessarily reflect the actual hardware's
+capabilities.  If you wish to set an individual option to a particular
+value, you may specify it after the \fB\-mcpu\fR option, like
+\&\fB\-mcpu=970 \-mno\-altivec\fR.
+.Sp
+On \s-1AIX\s0, the \fB\-maltivec\fR and \fB\-mpowerpc64\fR options are
+not enabled or disabled by the \fB\-mcpu\fR option at present because
+\&\s-1AIX\s0 does not have full support for these options.  You may still
+enable or disable them individually if you're sure it'll work in your
+environment.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=cpu_type"
+Set the instruction scheduling parameters for machine type
+\&\fIcpu_type\fR, but do not set the architecture type, register usage, or
+choice of mnemonics, as \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR would.  The same
+values for \fIcpu_type\fR are used for \fB\-mtune\fR as for
+\&\fB\-mcpu\fR.  If both are specified, the code generated will use the
+architecture, registers, and mnemonics set by \fB\-mcpu\fR, but the
+scheduling parameters set by \fB\-mtune\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mswdiv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mswdiv"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-swdiv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-swdiv"
+.PD
+Generate code to compute division as reciprocal estimate and iterative
+refinement, creating opportunities for increased throughput.  This
+feature requires: optional PowerPC Graphics instruction set for single
+precision and \s-1FRE\s0 instruction for double precision, assuming divides
+cannot generate user-visible traps, and the domain values not include
+Infinities, denormals or zero denominator.
+.IP "\fB\-maltivec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-maltivec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-altivec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-altivec"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) AltiVec instructions, and also
+enable the use of built-in functions that allow more direct access to
+the AltiVec instruction set.  You may also need to set
+\&\fB\-mabi=altivec\fR to adjust the current \s-1ABI\s0 with AltiVec \s-1ABI\s0
+enhancements.
+.IP "\fB\-mvrsave\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvrsave"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-vrsave\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-vrsave"
+.PD
+Generate \s-1VRSAVE\s0 instructions when generating AltiVec code.
+.IP "\fB\-mgen\-cell\-microcode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgen-cell-microcode"
+Generate Cell microcode instructions
+.IP "\fB\-mwarn\-cell\-microcode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwarn-cell-microcode"
+Warning when a Cell microcode instruction is going to emitted.  An example
+of a Cell microcode instruction is a variable shift.
+.IP "\fB\-msecure\-plt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msecure-plt"
+Generate code that allows ld and ld.so to build executables and shared
+libraries with non-exec .plt and .got sections.  This is a PowerPC
+32\-bit \s-1SYSV\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 option.
+.IP "\fB\-mbss\-plt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbss-plt"
+Generate code that uses a \s-1BSS\s0 .plt section that ld.so fills in, and
+requires .plt and .got sections that are both writable and executable.
+This is a PowerPC 32\-bit \s-1SYSV\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 option.
+.IP "\fB\-misel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-misel"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-isel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-isel"
+.PD
+This switch enables or disables the generation of \s-1ISEL\s0 instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-misel=\fR\fIyes/no\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-misel=yes/no"
+This switch has been deprecated.  Use \fB\-misel\fR and
+\&\fB\-mno\-isel\fR instead.
+.IP "\fB\-mspe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mspe"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-spe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-spe"
+.PD
+This switch enables or disables the generation of \s-1SPE\s0 simd
+instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mpaired\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpaired"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-paired\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-paired"
+.PD
+This switch enables or disables the generation of \s-1PAIRED\s0 simd
+instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mspe=\fR\fIyes/no\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mspe=yes/no"
+This option has been deprecated.  Use \fB\-mspe\fR and
+\&\fB\-mno\-spe\fR instead.
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat\-gprs=\fR\fIyes/single/double/no\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat-gprs=yes/single/double/no"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mfloat\-gprs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfloat-gprs"
+.PD
+This switch enables or disables the generation of floating point
+operations on the general purpose registers for architectures that
+support it.
+.Sp
+The argument \fIyes\fR or \fIsingle\fR enables the use of
+single-precision floating point operations.
+.Sp
+The argument \fIdouble\fR enables the use of single and
+double-precision floating point operations.
+.Sp
+The argument \fIno\fR disables floating point operations on the
+general purpose registers.
+.Sp
+This option is currently only available on the MPC854x.
+.IP "\fB\-m32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m64"
+.PD
+Generate code for 32\-bit or 64\-bit environments of Darwin and \s-1SVR4\s0
+targets (including GNU/Linux).  The 32\-bit environment sets int, long
+and pointer to 32 bits and generates code that runs on any PowerPC
+variant.  The 64\-bit environment sets int to 32 bits and long and
+pointer to 64 bits, and generates code for PowerPC64, as for
+\&\fB\-mpowerpc64\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mfull\-toc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfull-toc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fp\-in\-toc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fp-in-toc"
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sum\-in\-toc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sum-in-toc"
+.IP "\fB\-mminimal\-toc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mminimal-toc"
+.PD
+Modify generation of the \s-1TOC\s0 (Table Of Contents), which is created for
+every executable file.  The \fB\-mfull\-toc\fR option is selected by
+default.  In that case, \s-1GCC\s0 will allocate at least one \s-1TOC\s0 entry for
+each unique non-automatic variable reference in your program.  \s-1GCC\s0
+will also place floating-point constants in the \s-1TOC\s0.  However, only
+16,384 entries are available in the \s-1TOC\s0.
+.Sp
+If you receive a linker error message that saying you have overflowed
+the available \s-1TOC\s0 space, you can reduce the amount of \s-1TOC\s0 space used
+with the \fB\-mno\-fp\-in\-toc\fR and \fB\-mno\-sum\-in\-toc\fR options.
+\&\fB\-mno\-fp\-in\-toc\fR prevents \s-1GCC\s0 from putting floating-point
+constants in the \s-1TOC\s0 and \fB\-mno\-sum\-in\-toc\fR forces \s-1GCC\s0 to
+generate code to calculate the sum of an address and a constant at
+run-time instead of putting that sum into the \s-1TOC\s0.  You may specify one
+or both of these options.  Each causes \s-1GCC\s0 to produce very slightly
+slower and larger code at the expense of conserving \s-1TOC\s0 space.
+.Sp
+If you still run out of space in the \s-1TOC\s0 even when you specify both of
+these options, specify \fB\-mminimal\-toc\fR instead.  This option causes
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 to make only one \s-1TOC\s0 entry for every file.  When you specify this
+option, \s-1GCC\s0 will produce code that is slower and larger but which
+uses extremely little \s-1TOC\s0 space.  You may wish to use this option
+only on files that contain less frequently executed code.
+.IP "\fB\-maix64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-maix64"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-maix32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-maix32"
+.PD
+Enable 64\-bit \s-1AIX\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 and calling convention: 64\-bit pointers, 64\-bit
+\&\f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR type, and the infrastructure needed to support them.
+Specifying \fB\-maix64\fR implies \fB\-mpowerpc64\fR and
+\&\fB\-mpowerpc\fR, while \fB\-maix32\fR disables the 64\-bit \s-1ABI\s0 and
+implies \fB\-mno\-powerpc64\fR.  \s-1GCC\s0 defaults to \fB\-maix32\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mxl\-compat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mxl-compat"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-xl\-compat\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-xl-compat"
+.PD
+Produce code that conforms more closely to \s-1IBM\s0 \s-1XL\s0 compiler semantics
+when using AIX-compatible \s-1ABI\s0.  Pass floating-point arguments to
+prototyped functions beyond the register save area (\s-1RSA\s0) on the stack
+in addition to argument FPRs.  Do not assume that most significant
+double in 128\-bit long double value is properly rounded when comparing
+values and converting to double.  Use \s-1XL\s0 symbol names for long double
+support routines.
+.Sp
+The \s-1AIX\s0 calling convention was extended but not initially documented to
+handle an obscure K&R C case of calling a function that takes the
+address of its arguments with fewer arguments than declared.  \s-1IBM\s0 \s-1XL\s0
+compilers access floating point arguments which do not fit in the
+\&\s-1RSA\s0 from the stack when a subroutine is compiled without
+optimization.  Because always storing floating-point arguments on the
+stack is inefficient and rarely needed, this option is not enabled by
+default and only is necessary when calling subroutines compiled by \s-1IBM\s0
+\&\s-1XL\s0 compilers without optimization.
+.IP "\fB\-mpe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpe"
+Support \fI\s-1IBM\s0 \s-1RS/6000\s0 \s-1SP\s0\fR \fIParallel Environment\fR (\s-1PE\s0).  Link an
+application written to use message passing with special startup code to
+enable the application to run.  The system must have \s-1PE\s0 installed in the
+standard location (\fI/usr/lpp/ppe.poe/\fR), or the \fIspecs\fR file
+must be overridden with the \fB\-specs=\fR option to specify the
+appropriate directory location.  The Parallel Environment does not
+support threads, so the \fB\-mpe\fR option and the \fB\-pthread\fR
+option are incompatible.
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-natural\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-natural"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-malign\-power\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-malign-power"
+.PD
+On \s-1AIX\s0, 32\-bit Darwin, and 64\-bit PowerPC GNU/Linux, the option
+\&\fB\-malign\-natural\fR overrides the ABI-defined alignment of larger
+types, such as floating-point doubles, on their natural size-based boundary.
+The option \fB\-malign\-power\fR instructs \s-1GCC\s0 to follow the ABI-specified
+alignment rules.  \s-1GCC\s0 defaults to the standard alignment defined in the \s-1ABI\s0.
+.Sp
+On 64\-bit Darwin, natural alignment is the default, and \fB\-malign\-power\fR
+is not supported.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+.PD
+Generate code that does not use (uses) the floating-point register set.
+Software floating point emulation is provided if you use the
+\&\fB\-msoft\-float\fR option, and pass the option to \s-1GCC\s0 when linking.
+.IP "\fB\-msingle\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msingle-float"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mdouble\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdouble-float"
+.PD
+Generate code for single or double-precision floating point operations. 
+\&\fB\-mdouble\-float\fR implies \fB\-msingle\-float\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msimple\-fpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msimple-fpu"
+Do not generate sqrt and div instructions for hardware floating point unit.
+.IP "\fB\-mfpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpu"
+Specify type of floating point unit.  Valid values are \fIsp_lite\fR 
+(equivalent to \-msingle\-float \-msimple\-fpu), \fIdp_lite\fR (equivalent
+to \-mdouble\-float \-msimple\-fpu), \fIsp_full\fR (equivalent to \-msingle\-float),
+and \fIdp_full\fR (equivalent to \-mdouble\-float).
+.IP "\fB\-mxilinx\-fpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mxilinx-fpu"
+Perform optimizations for floating point unit on Xilinx \s-1PPC\s0 405/440.
+.IP "\fB\-mmultiple\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmultiple"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-multiple\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-multiple"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the load multiple word
+instructions and the store multiple word instructions.  These
+instructions are generated by default on \s-1POWER\s0 systems, and not
+generated on PowerPC systems.  Do not use \fB\-mmultiple\fR on little
+endian PowerPC systems, since those instructions do not work when the
+processor is in little endian mode.  The exceptions are \s-1PPC740\s0 and
+\&\s-1PPC750\s0 which permit the instructions usage in little endian mode.
+.IP "\fB\-mstring\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstring"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-string\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-string"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the load string instructions
+and the store string word instructions to save multiple registers and
+do small block moves.  These instructions are generated by default on
+\&\s-1POWER\s0 systems, and not generated on PowerPC systems.  Do not use
+\&\fB\-mstring\fR on little endian PowerPC systems, since those
+instructions do not work when the processor is in little endian mode.
+The exceptions are \s-1PPC740\s0 and \s-1PPC750\s0 which permit the instructions
+usage in little endian mode.
+.IP "\fB\-mupdate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mupdate"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-update\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-update"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the load or store instructions
+that update the base register to the address of the calculated memory
+location.  These instructions are generated by default.  If you use
+\&\fB\-mno\-update\fR, there is a small window between the time that the
+stack pointer is updated and the address of the previous frame is
+stored, which means code that walks the stack frame across interrupts or
+signals may get corrupted data.
+.IP "\fB\-mavoid\-indexed\-addresses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mavoid-indexed-addresses"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-avoid\-indexed\-addresses\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-avoid-indexed-addresses"
+.PD
+Generate code that tries to avoid (not avoid) the use of indexed load
+or store instructions. These instructions can incur a performance
+penalty on Power6 processors in certain situations, such as when
+stepping through large arrays that cross a 16M boundary.  This option
+is enabled by default when targetting Power6 and disabled otherwise.
+.IP "\fB\-mfused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfused-madd"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fused-madd"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the floating point multiply and
+accumulate instructions.  These instructions are generated by default if
+hardware floating is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mmulhw\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmulhw"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mulhw\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mulhw"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the half-word multiply and
+multiply-accumulate instructions on the \s-1IBM\s0 405, 440 and 464 processors.
+These instructions are generated by default when targetting those
+processors.
+.IP "\fB\-mdlmzb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdlmzb"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-dlmzb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-dlmzb"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the string-search \fBdlmzb\fR
+instruction on the \s-1IBM\s0 405, 440 and 464 processors.  This instruction is
+generated by default when targetting those processors.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-bit\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-bit-align"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mbit\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbit-align"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems do not (do) force structures
+and unions that contain bit-fields to be aligned to the base type of the
+bit-field.
+.Sp
+For example, by default a structure containing nothing but 8
+\&\f(CW\*(C`unsigned\*(C'\fR bit-fields of length 1 would be aligned to a 4 byte
+boundary and have a size of 4 bytes.  By using \fB\-mno\-bit\-align\fR,
+the structure would be aligned to a 1 byte boundary and be one byte in
+size.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-strict\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-strict-align"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mstrict\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstrict-align"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems do not (do) assume that
+unaligned memory references will be handled by the system.
+.IP "\fB\-mrelocatable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrelocatable"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-relocatable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-relocatable"
+.PD
+On embedded PowerPC systems generate code that allows (does not allow)
+the program to be relocated to a different address at runtime.  If you
+use \fB\-mrelocatable\fR on any module, all objects linked together must
+be compiled with \fB\-mrelocatable\fR or \fB\-mrelocatable\-lib\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mrelocatable\-lib\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrelocatable-lib"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-relocatable\-lib\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-relocatable-lib"
+.PD
+On embedded PowerPC systems generate code that allows (does not allow)
+the program to be relocated to a different address at runtime.  Modules
+compiled with \fB\-mrelocatable\-lib\fR can be linked with either modules
+compiled without \fB\-mrelocatable\fR and \fB\-mrelocatable\-lib\fR or
+with modules compiled with the \fB\-mrelocatable\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-toc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-toc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mtoc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtoc"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems do not (do) assume that
+register 2 contains a pointer to a global area pointing to the addresses
+used in the program.
+.IP "\fB\-mlittle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlittle"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mlittle\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlittle-endian"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code for the
+processor in little endian mode.  The \fB\-mlittle\-endian\fR option is
+the same as \fB\-mlittle\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig-endian"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code for the
+processor in big endian mode.  The \fB\-mbig\-endian\fR option is
+the same as \fB\-mbig\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mdynamic\-no\-pic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdynamic-no-pic"
+On Darwin and Mac \s-1OS\s0 X systems, compile code so that it is not
+relocatable, but that its external references are relocatable.  The
+resulting code is suitable for applications, but not shared
+libraries.
+.IP "\fB\-mprioritize\-restricted\-insns=\fR\fIpriority\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mprioritize-restricted-insns=priority"
+This option controls the priority that is assigned to
+dispatch-slot restricted instructions during the second scheduling
+pass.  The argument \fIpriority\fR takes the value \fI0/1/2\fR to assign
+\&\fIno/highest/second\-highest\fR priority to dispatch slot restricted
+instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-msched\-costly\-dep=\fR\fIdependence_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msched-costly-dep=dependence_type"
+This option controls which dependences are considered costly
+by the target during instruction scheduling.  The argument
+\&\fIdependence_type\fR takes one of the following values:
+\&\fIno\fR: no dependence is costly,
+\&\fIall\fR: all dependences are costly,
+\&\fItrue_store_to_load\fR: a true dependence from store to load is costly,
+\&\fIstore_to_load\fR: any dependence from store to load is costly,
+\&\fInumber\fR: any dependence which latency >= \fInumber\fR is costly.
+.IP "\fB\-minsert\-sched\-nops=\fR\fIscheme\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minsert-sched-nops=scheme"
+This option controls which nop insertion scheme will be used during
+the second scheduling pass.  The argument \fIscheme\fR takes one of the
+following values:
+\&\fIno\fR: Don't insert nops.
+\&\fIpad\fR: Pad with nops any dispatch group which has vacant issue slots,
+according to the scheduler's grouping.
+\&\fIregroup_exact\fR: Insert nops to force costly dependent insns into
+separate groups.  Insert exactly as many nops as needed to force an insn
+to a new group, according to the estimated processor grouping.
+\&\fInumber\fR: Insert nops to force costly dependent insns into
+separate groups.  Insert \fInumber\fR nops to force an insn to a new group.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-sysv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-sysv"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code using calling
+conventions that adheres to the March 1995 draft of the System V
+Application Binary Interface, PowerPC processor supplement.  This is the
+default unless you configured \s-1GCC\s0 using \fBpowerpc\-*\-eabiaix\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-sysv\-eabi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-sysv-eabi"
+Specify both \fB\-mcall\-sysv\fR and \fB\-meabi\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-sysv\-noeabi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-sysv-noeabi"
+Specify both \fB\-mcall\-sysv\fR and \fB\-mno\-eabi\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-solaris\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-solaris"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code for the Solaris
+operating system.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-linux\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-linux"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code for the
+Linux-based \s-1GNU\s0 system.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-gnu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-gnu"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code for the
+Hurd-based \s-1GNU\s0 system.
+.IP "\fB\-mcall\-netbsd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcall-netbsd"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems compile code for the
+NetBSD operating system.
+.IP "\fB\-maix\-struct\-return\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-maix-struct-return"
+Return all structures in memory (as specified by the \s-1AIX\s0 \s-1ABI\s0).
+.IP "\fB\-msvr4\-struct\-return\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msvr4-struct-return"
+Return structures smaller than 8 bytes in registers (as specified by the
+\&\s-1SVR4\s0 \s-1ABI\s0).
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=\fR\fIabi-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=abi-type"
+Extend the current \s-1ABI\s0 with a particular extension, or remove such extension.
+Valid values are \fIaltivec\fR, \fIno-altivec\fR, \fIspe\fR,
+\&\fIno-spe\fR, \fIibmlongdouble\fR, \fIieeelongdouble\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=spe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=spe"
+Extend the current \s-1ABI\s0 with \s-1SPE\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 extensions.  This does not change
+the default \s-1ABI\s0, instead it adds the \s-1SPE\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 extensions to the current
+\&\s-1ABI\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=no\-spe\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=no-spe"
+Disable Booke \s-1SPE\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 extensions for the current \s-1ABI\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=ibmlongdouble\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=ibmlongdouble"
+Change the current \s-1ABI\s0 to use \s-1IBM\s0 extended precision long double.
+This is a PowerPC 32\-bit \s-1SYSV\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 option.
+.IP "\fB\-mabi=ieeelongdouble\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mabi=ieeelongdouble"
+Change the current \s-1ABI\s0 to use \s-1IEEE\s0 extended precision long double.
+This is a PowerPC 32\-bit Linux \s-1ABI\s0 option.
+.IP "\fB\-mprototype\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mprototype"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-prototype\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-prototype"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems assume that all calls to
+variable argument functions are properly prototyped.  Otherwise, the
+compiler must insert an instruction before every non prototyped call to
+set or clear bit 6 of the condition code register (\fI\s-1CR\s0\fR) to
+indicate whether floating point values were passed in the floating point
+registers in case the function takes a variable arguments.  With
+\&\fB\-mprototype\fR, only calls to prototyped variable argument functions
+will set or clear the bit.
+.IP "\fB\-msim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msim"
+On embedded PowerPC systems, assume that the startup module is called
+\&\fIsim\-crt0.o\fR and that the standard C libraries are \fIlibsim.a\fR and
+\&\fIlibc.a\fR.  This is the default for \fBpowerpc\-*\-eabisim\fR
+configurations.
+.IP "\fB\-mmvme\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmvme"
+On embedded PowerPC systems, assume that the startup module is called
+\&\fIcrt0.o\fR and the standard C libraries are \fIlibmvme.a\fR and
+\&\fIlibc.a\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mads"
+On embedded PowerPC systems, assume that the startup module is called
+\&\fIcrt0.o\fR and the standard C libraries are \fIlibads.a\fR and
+\&\fIlibc.a\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-myellowknife\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-myellowknife"
+On embedded PowerPC systems, assume that the startup module is called
+\&\fIcrt0.o\fR and the standard C libraries are \fIlibyk.a\fR and
+\&\fIlibc.a\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mvxworks\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvxworks"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems, specify that you are
+compiling for a VxWorks system.
+.IP "\fB\-memb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-memb"
+On embedded PowerPC systems, set the \fI\s-1PPC_EMB\s0\fR bit in the \s-1ELF\s0 flags
+header to indicate that \fBeabi\fR extended relocations are used.
+.IP "\fB\-meabi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-meabi"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-eabi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-eabi"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems do (do not) adhere to the
+Embedded Applications Binary Interface (eabi) which is a set of
+modifications to the System V.4 specifications.  Selecting \fB\-meabi\fR
+means that the stack is aligned to an 8 byte boundary, a function
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_eabi\*(C'\fR is called to from \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR to set up the eabi
+environment, and the \fB\-msdata\fR option can use both \f(CW\*(C`r2\*(C'\fR and
+\&\f(CW\*(C`r13\*(C'\fR to point to two separate small data areas.  Selecting
+\&\fB\-mno\-eabi\fR means that the stack is aligned to a 16 byte boundary,
+do not call an initialization function from \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR, and the
+\&\fB\-msdata\fR option will only use \f(CW\*(C`r13\*(C'\fR to point to a single
+small data area.  The \fB\-meabi\fR option is on by default if you
+configured \s-1GCC\s0 using one of the \fBpowerpc*\-*\-eabi*\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=eabi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=eabi"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems, put small initialized
+\&\f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR global and static data in the \fB.sdata2\fR section, which
+is pointed to by register \f(CW\*(C`r2\*(C'\fR.  Put small initialized
+non\-\f(CW\*(C`const\*(C'\fR global and static data in the \fB.sdata\fR section,
+which is pointed to by register \f(CW\*(C`r13\*(C'\fR.  Put small uninitialized
+global and static data in the \fB.sbss\fR section, which is adjacent to
+the \fB.sdata\fR section.  The \fB\-msdata=eabi\fR option is
+incompatible with the \fB\-mrelocatable\fR option.  The
+\&\fB\-msdata=eabi\fR option also sets the \fB\-memb\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=sysv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=sysv"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems, put small global and static
+data in the \fB.sdata\fR section, which is pointed to by register
+\&\f(CW\*(C`r13\*(C'\fR.  Put small uninitialized global and static data in the
+\&\fB.sbss\fR section, which is adjacent to the \fB.sdata\fR section.
+The \fB\-msdata=sysv\fR option is incompatible with the
+\&\fB\-mrelocatable\fR option.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=default\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=default"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems, if \fB\-meabi\fR is used,
+compile code the same as \fB\-msdata=eabi\fR, otherwise compile code the
+same as \fB\-msdata=sysv\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=data\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=data"
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems, put small global
+data in the \fB.sdata\fR section.  Put small uninitialized global
+data in the \fB.sbss\fR section.  Do not use register \f(CW\*(C`r13\*(C'\fR
+to address small data however.  This is the default behavior unless
+other \fB\-msdata\fR options are used.
+.IP "\fB\-msdata=none\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msdata=none"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-sdata\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-sdata"
+.PD
+On embedded PowerPC systems, put all initialized global and static data
+in the \fB.data\fR section, and all uninitialized data in the
+\&\fB.bss\fR section.
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-G num"
+On embedded PowerPC systems, put global and static items less than or
+equal to \fInum\fR bytes into the small data or bss sections instead of
+the normal data or bss section.  By default, \fInum\fR is 8.  The
+\&\fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR switch is also passed to the linker.
+All modules should be compiled with the same \fB\-G\fR \fInum\fR value.
+.IP "\fB\-mregnames\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mregnames"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-regnames\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-regnames"
+.PD
+On System V.4 and embedded PowerPC systems do (do not) emit register
+names in the assembly language output using symbolic forms.
+.IP "\fB\-mlongcall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlongcall"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-longcall\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-longcall"
+.PD
+By default assume that all calls are far away so that a longer more
+expensive calling sequence is required.  This is required for calls
+further than 32 megabytes (33,554,432 bytes) from the current location.
+A short call will be generated if the compiler knows
+the call cannot be that far away.  This setting can be overridden by
+the \f(CW\*(C`shortcall\*(C'\fR function attribute, or by \f(CW\*(C`#pragma
+longcall(0)\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+Some linkers are capable of detecting out-of-range calls and generating
+glue code on the fly.  On these systems, long calls are unnecessary and
+generate slower code.  As of this writing, the \s-1AIX\s0 linker can do this,
+as can the \s-1GNU\s0 linker for PowerPC/64.  It is planned to add this feature
+to the \s-1GNU\s0 linker for 32\-bit PowerPC systems as well.
+.Sp
+On Darwin/PPC systems, \f(CW\*(C`#pragma longcall\*(C'\fR will generate \*(L"jbsr
+callee, L42\*(R", plus a \*(L"branch island\*(R" (glue code).  The two target
+addresses represent the callee and the \*(L"branch island\*(R".  The
+Darwin/PPC linker will prefer the first address and generate a \*(L"bl
+callee\*(R" if the \s-1PPC\s0 \*(L"bl\*(R" instruction will reach the callee directly;
+otherwise, the linker will generate \*(L"bl L42\*(R" to call the \*(L"branch
+island\*(R".  The \*(L"branch island\*(R" is appended to the body of the
+calling function; it computes the full 32\-bit address of the callee
+and jumps to it.
+.Sp
+On Mach-O (Darwin) systems, this option directs the compiler emit to
+the glue for every direct call, and the Darwin linker decides whether
+to use or discard it.
+.Sp
+In the future, we may cause \s-1GCC\s0 to ignore all longcall specifications
+when the linker is known to generate glue.
+.IP "\fB\-pthread\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pthread"
+Adds support for multithreading with the \fIpthreads\fR library.
+This option sets flags for both the preprocessor and linker.
+.PP
+\fIS/390 and zSeries Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "S/390 and zSeries Options"
+.PP
+These are the \fB\-m\fR options defined for the S/390 and zSeries architecture.
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the hardware floating-point instructions and registers
+for floating-point operations.  When \fB\-msoft\-float\fR is specified,
+functions in \fIlibgcc.a\fR will be used to perform floating-point
+operations.  When \fB\-mhard\-float\fR is specified, the compiler
+generates \s-1IEEE\s0 floating-point instructions.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-dfp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-dfp"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-hard\-dfp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-hard-dfp"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the hardware decimal-floating-point instructions for
+decimal-floating-point operations.  When \fB\-mno\-hard\-dfp\fR is
+specified, functions in \fIlibgcc.a\fR will be used to perform
+decimal-floating-point operations.  When \fB\-mhard\-dfp\fR is
+specified, the compiler generates decimal-floating-point hardware
+instructions.  This is the default for \fB\-march=z9\-ec\fR or higher.
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-double\-64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-double-64"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-double\-128\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-double-128"
+.PD
+These switches control the size of \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR type. A size
+of 64bit makes the \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR type equivalent to the \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR
+type. This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mbackchain\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbackchain"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-backchain\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-backchain"
+.PD
+Store (do not store) the address of the caller's frame as backchain pointer
+into the callee's stack frame.
+A backchain may be needed to allow debugging using tools that do not understand
+\&\s-1DWARF\-2\s0 call frame information.
+When \fB\-mno\-packed\-stack\fR is in effect, the backchain pointer is stored
+at the bottom of the stack frame; when \fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR is in effect,
+the backchain is placed into the topmost word of the 96/160 byte register
+save area.
+.Sp
+In general, code compiled with \fB\-mbackchain\fR is call-compatible with
+code compiled with \fB\-mmo\-backchain\fR; however, use of the backchain
+for debugging purposes usually requires that the whole binary is built with
+\&\fB\-mbackchain\fR.  Note that the combination of \fB\-mbackchain\fR,
+\&\fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR and \fB\-mhard\-float\fR is not supported.  In order
+to build a linux kernel use \fB\-msoft\-float\fR.
+.Sp
+The default is to not maintain the backchain.
+.IP "\fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpacked-stack"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-packed\-stack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-packed-stack"
+.PD
+Use (do not use) the packed stack layout.  When \fB\-mno\-packed\-stack\fR is
+specified, the compiler uses the all fields of the 96/160 byte register save
+area only for their default purpose; unused fields still take up stack space.
+When \fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR is specified, register save slots are densely
+packed at the top of the register save area; unused space is reused for other
+purposes, allowing for more efficient use of the available stack space.
+However, when \fB\-mbackchain\fR is also in effect, the topmost word of
+the save area is always used to store the backchain, and the return address
+register is always saved two words below the backchain.
+.Sp
+As long as the stack frame backchain is not used, code generated with
+\&\fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR is call-compatible with code generated with
+\&\fB\-mno\-packed\-stack\fR.  Note that some non-FSF releases of \s-1GCC\s0 2.95 for
+S/390 or zSeries generated code that uses the stack frame backchain at run
+time, not just for debugging purposes.  Such code is not call-compatible
+with code compiled with \fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR.  Also, note that the
+combination of \fB\-mbackchain\fR,
+\&\fB\-mpacked\-stack\fR and \fB\-mhard\-float\fR is not supported.  In order
+to build a linux kernel use \fB\-msoft\-float\fR.
+.Sp
+The default is to not use the packed stack layout.
+.IP "\fB\-msmall\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msmall-exec"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-small\-exec\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-small-exec"
+.PD
+Generate (or do not generate) code using the \f(CW\*(C`bras\*(C'\fR instruction
+to do subroutine calls.
+This only works reliably if the total executable size does not
+exceed 64k.  The default is to use the \f(CW\*(C`basr\*(C'\fR instruction instead,
+which does not have this limitation.
+.IP "\fB\-m64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m64"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m31\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m31"
+.PD
+When \fB\-m31\fR is specified, generate code compliant to the
+GNU/Linux for S/390 \s-1ABI\s0.  When \fB\-m64\fR is specified, generate
+code compliant to the GNU/Linux for zSeries \s-1ABI\s0.  This allows \s-1GCC\s0 in
+particular to generate 64\-bit instructions.  For the \fBs390\fR
+targets, the default is \fB\-m31\fR, while the \fBs390x\fR
+targets default to \fB\-m64\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mzarch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mzarch"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mesa\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mesa"
+.PD
+When \fB\-mzarch\fR is specified, generate code using the
+instructions available on z/Architecture.
+When \fB\-mesa\fR is specified, generate code using the
+instructions available on \s-1ESA/390\s0.  Note that \fB\-mesa\fR is
+not possible with \fB\-m64\fR.
+When generating code compliant to the GNU/Linux for S/390 \s-1ABI\s0,
+the default is \fB\-mesa\fR.  When generating code compliant
+to the GNU/Linux for zSeries \s-1ABI\s0, the default is \fB\-mzarch\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mmvcle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmvcle"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-mvcle\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-mvcle"
+.PD
+Generate (or do not generate) code using the \f(CW\*(C`mvcle\*(C'\fR instruction
+to perform block moves.  When \fB\-mno\-mvcle\fR is specified,
+use a \f(CW\*(C`mvc\*(C'\fR loop instead.  This is the default unless optimizing for
+size.
+.IP "\fB\-mdebug\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdebug"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-debug\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-debug"
+.PD
+Print (or do not print) additional debug information when compiling.
+The default is to not print debug information.
+.IP "\fB\-march=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-march=cpu-type"
+Generate code that will run on \fIcpu-type\fR, which is the name of a system
+representing a certain processor type.  Possible values for
+\&\fIcpu-type\fR are \fBg5\fR, \fBg6\fR, \fBz900\fR, \fBz990\fR,
+\&\fBz9\-109\fR, \fBz9\-ec\fR and \fBz10\fR.
+When generating code using the instructions available on z/Architecture,
+the default is \fB\-march=z900\fR.  Otherwise, the default is
+\&\fB\-march=g5\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu-type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=cpu-type"
+Tune to \fIcpu-type\fR everything applicable about the generated code,
+except for the \s-1ABI\s0 and the set of available instructions.
+The list of \fIcpu-type\fR values is the same as for \fB\-march\fR.
+The default is the value used for \fB\-march\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mtpf\-trace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtpf-trace"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-tpf\-trace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-tpf-trace"
+.PD
+Generate code that adds (does not add) in \s-1TPF\s0 \s-1OS\s0 specific branches to trace
+routines in the operating system.  This option is off by default, even
+when compiling for the \s-1TPF\s0 \s-1OS\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mfused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfused-madd"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fused-madd"
+.PD
+Generate code that uses (does not use) the floating point multiply and
+accumulate instructions.  These instructions are generated by default if
+hardware floating point is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mwarn\-framesize=\fR\fIframesize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwarn-framesize=framesize"
+Emit a warning if the current function exceeds the given frame size.  Because
+this is a compile time check it doesn't need to be a real problem when the program
+runs.  It is intended to identify functions which most probably cause
+a stack overflow.  It is useful to be used in an environment with limited stack
+size e.g. the linux kernel.
+.IP "\fB\-mwarn\-dynamicstack\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwarn-dynamicstack"
+Emit a warning if the function calls alloca or uses dynamically
+sized arrays.  This is generally a bad idea with a limited stack size.
+.IP "\fB\-mstack\-guard=\fR\fIstack-guard\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstack-guard=stack-guard"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mstack\-size=\fR\fIstack-size\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstack-size=stack-size"
+.PD
+If these options are provided the s390 back end emits additional instructions in
+the function prologue which trigger a trap if the stack size is \fIstack-guard\fR
+bytes above the \fIstack-size\fR (remember that the stack on s390 grows downward).
+If the \fIstack-guard\fR option is omitted the smallest power of 2 larger than
+the frame size of the compiled function is chosen.
+These options are intended to be used to help debugging stack overflow problems.
+The additionally emitted code causes only little overhead and hence can also be
+used in production like systems without greater performance degradation.  The given
+values have to be exact powers of 2 and \fIstack-size\fR has to be greater than
+\&\fIstack-guard\fR without exceeding 64k.
+In order to be efficient the extra code makes the assumption that the stack starts
+at an address aligned to the value given by \fIstack-size\fR.
+The \fIstack-guard\fR option can only be used in conjunction with \fIstack-size\fR.
+.PP
+\fIScore Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "Score Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for Score implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-meb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-meb"
+Compile code for big endian mode.  This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mel"
+Compile code for little endian mode.
+.IP "\fB\-mnhwloop\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mnhwloop"
+Disable generate bcnz instruction.
+.IP "\fB\-muls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-muls"
+Enable generate unaligned load and store instruction.
+.IP "\fB\-mmac\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mmac"
+Enable the use of multiply-accumulate instructions. Disabled by default.
+.IP "\fB\-mscore5\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mscore5"
+Specify the \s-1SCORE5\s0 as the target architecture.
+.IP "\fB\-mscore5u\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mscore5u"
+Specify the \s-1SCORE5U\s0 of the target architecture.
+.IP "\fB\-mscore7\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mscore7"
+Specify the \s-1SCORE7\s0 as the target architecture. This is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mscore7d\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mscore7d"
+Specify the \s-1SCORE7D\s0 as the target architecture.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1SH\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "SH Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the \s-1SH\s0 implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-m1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m1"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH1\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-m2\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m2"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH2\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-m2e\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m2e"
+Generate code for the SH2e.
+.IP "\fB\-m3\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m3"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH3\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-m3e\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m3e"
+Generate code for the SH3e.
+.IP "\fB\-m4\-nofpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4-nofpu"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH4\s0 without a floating-point unit.
+.IP "\fB\-m4\-single\-only\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4-single-only"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH4\s0 with a floating-point unit that only
+supports single-precision arithmetic.
+.IP "\fB\-m4\-single\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4-single"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH4\s0 assuming the floating-point unit is in
+single-precision mode by default.
+.IP "\fB\-m4\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4"
+Generate code for the \s-1SH4\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-m4a\-nofpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4a-nofpu"
+Generate code for the SH4al\-dsp, or for a SH4a in such a way that the
+floating-point unit is not used.
+.IP "\fB\-m4a\-single\-only\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4a-single-only"
+Generate code for the SH4a, in such a way that no double-precision
+floating point operations are used.
+.IP "\fB\-m4a\-single\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4a-single"
+Generate code for the SH4a assuming the floating-point unit is in
+single-precision mode by default.
+.IP "\fB\-m4a\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4a"
+Generate code for the SH4a.
+.IP "\fB\-m4al\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m4al"
+Same as \fB\-m4a\-nofpu\fR, except that it implicitly passes
+\&\fB\-dsp\fR to the assembler.  \s-1GCC\s0 doesn't generate any \s-1DSP\s0
+instructions at the moment.
+.IP "\fB\-mb\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mb"
+Compile code for the processor in big endian mode.
+.IP "\fB\-ml\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ml"
+Compile code for the processor in little endian mode.
+.IP "\fB\-mdalign\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdalign"
+Align doubles at 64\-bit boundaries.  Note that this changes the calling
+conventions, and thus some functions from the standard C library will
+not work unless you recompile it first with \fB\-mdalign\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mrelax\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrelax"
+Shorten some address references at link time, when possible; uses the
+linker option \fB\-relax\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mbigtable\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbigtable"
+Use 32\-bit offsets in \f(CW\*(C`switch\*(C'\fR tables.  The default is to use
+16\-bit offsets.
+.IP "\fB\-mbitops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbitops"
+Enable the use of bit manipulation instructions on \s-1SH2A\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mfmovd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfmovd"
+Enable the use of the instruction \f(CW\*(C`fmovd\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mhitachi\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhitachi"
+Comply with the calling conventions defined by Renesas.
+.IP "\fB\-mrenesas\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrenesas"
+Comply with the calling conventions defined by Renesas.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-renesas\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-renesas"
+Comply with the calling conventions defined for \s-1GCC\s0 before the Renesas
+conventions were available.  This option is the default for all
+targets of the \s-1SH\s0 toolchain except for \fBsh-symbianelf\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mnomacsave\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mnomacsave"
+Mark the \f(CW\*(C`MAC\*(C'\fR register as call-clobbered, even if
+\&\fB\-mhitachi\fR is given.
+.IP "\fB\-mieee\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mieee"
+Increase IEEE-compliance of floating-point code.
+At the moment, this is equivalent to \fB\-fno\-finite\-math\-only\fR.
+When generating 16 bit \s-1SH\s0 opcodes, getting IEEE-conforming results for
+comparisons of NANs / infinities incurs extra overhead in every
+floating point comparison, therefore the default is set to
+\&\fB\-ffinite\-math\-only\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-minline\-ic_invalidate\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minline-ic_invalidate"
+Inline code to invalidate instruction cache entries after setting up
+nested function trampolines.
+This option has no effect if \-musermode is in effect and the selected
+code generation option (e.g. \-m4) does not allow the use of the icbi
+instruction.
+If the selected code generation option does not allow the use of the icbi
+instruction, and \-musermode is not in effect, the inlined code will
+manipulate the instruction cache address array directly with an associative
+write.  This not only requires privileged mode, but it will also
+fail if the cache line had been mapped via the \s-1TLB\s0 and has become unmapped.
+.IP "\fB\-misize\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-misize"
+Dump instruction size and location in the assembly code.
+.IP "\fB\-mpadstruct\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpadstruct"
+This option is deprecated.  It pads structures to multiple of 4 bytes,
+which is incompatible with the \s-1SH\s0 \s-1ABI\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mspace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mspace"
+Optimize for space instead of speed.  Implied by \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mprefergot\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mprefergot"
+When generating position-independent code, emit function calls using
+the Global Offset Table instead of the Procedure Linkage Table.
+.IP "\fB\-musermode\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-musermode"
+Don't generate privileged mode only code; implies \-mno\-inline\-ic_invalidate
+if the inlined code would not work in user mode.
+This is the default when the target is \f(CW\*(C`sh\-*\-linux*\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-multcost=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-multcost=number"
+Set the cost to assume for a multiply insn.
+.IP "\fB\-mdiv=\fR\fIstrategy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdiv=strategy"
+Set the division strategy to use for SHmedia code.  \fIstrategy\fR must be
+one of: call, call2, fp, inv, inv:minlat, inv20u, inv20l, inv:call,
+inv:call2, inv:fp .
+\&\*(L"fp\*(R" performs the operation in floating point.  This has a very high latency,
+but needs only a few instructions, so it might be a good choice if
+your code has enough easily exploitable \s-1ILP\s0 to allow the compiler to
+schedule the floating point instructions together with other instructions.
+Division by zero causes a floating point exception.
+\&\*(L"inv\*(R" uses integer operations to calculate the inverse of the divisor,
+and then multiplies the dividend with the inverse.  This strategy allows
+cse and hoisting of the inverse calculation.  Division by zero calculates
+an unspecified result, but does not trap.
+\&\*(L"inv:minlat\*(R" is a variant of \*(L"inv\*(R" where if no cse / hoisting opportunities
+have been found, or if the entire operation has been hoisted to the same
+place, the last stages of the inverse calculation are intertwined with the
+final multiply to reduce the overall latency, at the expense of using a few
+more instructions, and thus offering fewer scheduling opportunities with
+other code.
+\&\*(L"call\*(R" calls a library function that usually implements the inv:minlat
+strategy.
+This gives high code density for m5\-*media\-nofpu compilations.
+\&\*(L"call2\*(R" uses a different entry point of the same library function, where it
+assumes that a pointer to a lookup table has already been set up, which
+exposes the pointer load to cse / code hoisting optimizations.
+\&\*(L"inv:call\*(R", \*(L"inv:call2\*(R" and \*(L"inv:fp\*(R" all use the \*(L"inv\*(R" algorithm for initial
+code generation, but if the code stays unoptimized, revert to the \*(L"call\*(R",
+\&\*(L"call2\*(R", or \*(L"fp\*(R" strategies, respectively.  Note that the
+potentially-trapping side effect of division by zero is carried by a
+separate instruction, so it is possible that all the integer instructions
+are hoisted out, but the marker for the side effect stays where it is.
+A recombination to fp operations or a call is not possible in that case.
+\&\*(L"inv20u\*(R" and \*(L"inv20l\*(R" are variants of the \*(L"inv:minlat\*(R" strategy.  In the case
+that the inverse calculation was nor separated from the multiply, they speed
+up division where the dividend fits into 20 bits (plus sign where applicable),
+by inserting a test to skip a number of operations in this case; this test
+slows down the case of larger dividends.  inv20u assumes the case of a such
+a small dividend to be unlikely, and inv20l assumes it to be likely.
+.IP "\fB\-mdivsi3_libfunc=\fR\fIname\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdivsi3_libfunc=name"
+Set the name of the library function used for 32 bit signed division to
+\&\fIname\fR.  This only affect the name used in the call and inv:call
+division strategies, and the compiler will still expect the same
+sets of input/output/clobbered registers as if this option was not present.
+.IP "\fB\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfixed-range=register-range"
+Generate code treating the given register range as fixed registers.
+A fixed register is one that the register allocator can not use.  This is
+useful when compiling kernel code.  A register range is specified as
+two registers separated by a dash.  Multiple register ranges can be
+specified separated by a comma.
+.IP "\fB\-madjust\-unroll\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-madjust-unroll"
+Throttle unrolling to avoid thrashing target registers.
+This option only has an effect if the gcc code base supports the
+\&\s-1TARGET_ADJUST_UNROLL_MAX\s0 target hook.
+.IP "\fB\-mindexed\-addressing\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mindexed-addressing"
+Enable the use of the indexed addressing mode for SHmedia32/SHcompact.
+This is only safe if the hardware and/or \s-1OS\s0 implement 32 bit wrap-around
+semantics for the indexed addressing mode.  The architecture allows the
+implementation of processors with 64 bit \s-1MMU\s0, which the \s-1OS\s0 could use to
+get 32 bit addressing, but since no current hardware implementation supports
+this or any other way to make the indexed addressing mode safe to use in
+the 32 bit \s-1ABI\s0, the default is \-mno\-indexed\-addressing.
+.IP "\fB\-mgettrcost=\fR\fInumber\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgettrcost=number"
+Set the cost assumed for the gettr instruction to \fInumber\fR.
+The default is 2 if \fB\-mpt\-fixed\fR is in effect, 100 otherwise.
+.IP "\fB\-mpt\-fixed\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mpt-fixed"
+Assume pt* instructions won't trap.  This will generally generate better
+scheduled code, but is unsafe on current hardware.  The current architecture
+definition says that ptabs and ptrel trap when the target anded with 3 is 3.
+This has the unintentional effect of making it unsafe to schedule ptabs /
+ptrel before a branch, or hoist it out of a loop.  For example,
+_\|_do_global_ctors, a part of libgcc that runs constructors at program
+startup, calls functions in a list which is delimited by \-1.  With the
+\&\-mpt\-fixed option, the ptabs will be done before testing against \-1.
+That means that all the constructors will be run a bit quicker, but when
+the loop comes to the end of the list, the program crashes because ptabs
+loads \-1 into a target register.  Since this option is unsafe for any
+hardware implementing the current architecture specification, the default
+is \-mno\-pt\-fixed.  Unless the user specifies a specific cost with
+\&\fB\-mgettrcost\fR, \-mno\-pt\-fixed also implies \fB\-mgettrcost=100\fR;
+this deters register allocation using target registers for storing
+ordinary integers.
+.IP "\fB\-minvalid\-symbols\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-minvalid-symbols"
+Assume symbols might be invalid.  Ordinary function symbols generated by
+the compiler will always be valid to load with movi/shori/ptabs or
+movi/shori/ptrel, but with assembler and/or linker tricks it is possible
+to generate symbols that will cause ptabs / ptrel to trap.
+This option is only meaningful when \fB\-mno\-pt\-fixed\fR is in effect.
+It will then prevent cross-basic-block cse, hoisting and most scheduling
+of symbol loads.  The default is \fB\-mno\-invalid\-symbols\fR.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1SPARC\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "SPARC Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are supported on the \s-1SPARC:\s0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-app\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-app-regs"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mapp\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mapp-regs"
+.PD
+Specify \fB\-mapp\-regs\fR to generate output using the global registers
+2 through 4, which the \s-1SPARC\s0 \s-1SVR4\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 reserves for applications.  This
+is the default.
+.Sp
+To be fully \s-1SVR4\s0 \s-1ABI\s0 compliant at the cost of some performance loss,
+specify \fB\-mno\-app\-regs\fR.  You should compile libraries and system
+software with this option.
+.IP "\fB\-mfpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfpu"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-float"
+.PD
+Generate output containing floating point instructions.  This is the
+default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fpu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fpu"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-float"
+.PD
+Generate output containing library calls for floating point.
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the requisite libraries are not available for all \s-1SPARC\s0
+targets.  Normally the facilities of the machine's usual C compiler are
+used, but this cannot be done directly in cross-compilation.  You must make
+your own arrangements to provide suitable library functions for
+cross-compilation.  The embedded targets \fBsparc\-*\-aout\fR and
+\&\fBsparclite\-*\-*\fR do provide software floating point support.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-msoft\-float\fR changes the calling convention in the output file;
+therefore, it is only useful if you compile \fIall\fR of a program with
+this option.  In particular, you need to compile \fIlibgcc.a\fR, the
+library that comes with \s-1GCC\s0, with \fB\-msoft\-float\fR in order for
+this to work.
+.IP "\fB\-mhard\-quad\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhard-quad-float"
+Generate output containing quad-word (long double) floating point
+instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-msoft\-quad\-float\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msoft-quad-float"
+Generate output containing library calls for quad-word (long double)
+floating point instructions.  The functions called are those specified
+in the \s-1SPARC\s0 \s-1ABI\s0.  This is the default.
+.Sp
+As of this writing, there are no \s-1SPARC\s0 implementations that have hardware
+support for the quad-word floating point instructions.  They all invoke
+a trap handler for one of these instructions, and then the trap handler
+emulates the effect of the instruction.  Because of the trap handler overhead,
+this is much slower than calling the \s-1ABI\s0 library routines.  Thus the
+\&\fB\-msoft\-quad\-float\fR option is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-unaligned\-doubles\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-unaligned-doubles"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-munaligned\-doubles\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-munaligned-doubles"
+.PD
+Assume that doubles have 8 byte alignment.  This is the default.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-munaligned\-doubles\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 assumes that doubles have 8 byte
+alignment only if they are contained in another type, or if they have an
+absolute address.  Otherwise, it assumes they have 4 byte alignment.
+Specifying this option avoids some rare compatibility problems with code
+generated by other compilers.  It is not the default because it results
+in a performance loss, especially for floating point code.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-faster\-structs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-faster-structs"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mfaster\-structs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfaster-structs"
+.PD
+With \fB\-mfaster\-structs\fR, the compiler assumes that structures
+should have 8 byte alignment.  This enables the use of pairs of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ldd\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`std\*(C'\fR instructions for copies in structure
+assignment, in place of twice as many \f(CW\*(C`ld\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`st\*(C'\fR pairs.
+However, the use of this changed alignment directly violates the \s-1SPARC\s0
+\&\s-1ABI\s0.  Thus, it's intended only for use on targets where the developer
+acknowledges that their resulting code will not be directly in line with
+the rules of the \s-1ABI\s0.
+.IP "\fB\-mimpure\-text\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mimpure-text"
+\&\fB\-mimpure\-text\fR, used in addition to \fB\-shared\fR, tells
+the compiler to not pass \fB\-z text\fR to the linker when linking a
+shared object.  Using this option, you can link position-dependent
+code into a shared object.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-mimpure\-text\fR suppresses the \*(L"relocations remain against
+allocatable but non-writable sections\*(R" linker error message.
+However, the necessary relocations will trigger copy-on-write, and the
+shared object is not actually shared across processes.  Instead of
+using \fB\-mimpure\-text\fR, you should compile all source code with
+\&\fB\-fpic\fR or \fB\-fPIC\fR.
+.Sp
+This option is only available on SunOS and Solaris.
+.IP "\fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcpu=cpu_type"
+Set the instruction set, register set, and instruction scheduling parameters
+for machine type \fIcpu_type\fR.  Supported values for \fIcpu_type\fR are
+\&\fBv7\fR, \fBcypress\fR, \fBv8\fR, \fBsupersparc\fR, \fBsparclite\fR,
+\&\fBf930\fR, \fBf934\fR, \fBhypersparc\fR, \fBsparclite86x\fR,
+\&\fBsparclet\fR, \fBtsc701\fR, \fBv9\fR, \fBultrasparc\fR,
+\&\fBultrasparc3\fR, \fBniagara\fR and \fBniagara2\fR.
+.Sp
+Default instruction scheduling parameters are used for values that select
+an architecture and not an implementation.  These are \fBv7\fR, \fBv8\fR,
+\&\fBsparclite\fR, \fBsparclet\fR, \fBv9\fR.
+.Sp
+Here is a list of each supported architecture and their supported
+implementations.
+.Sp
+.Vb 5
+\&            v7:             cypress
+\&            v8:             supersparc, hypersparc
+\&            sparclite:      f930, f934, sparclite86x
+\&            sparclet:       tsc701
+\&            v9:             ultrasparc, ultrasparc3, niagara, niagara2
+.Ve
+.Sp
+By default (unless configured otherwise), \s-1GCC\s0 generates code for the V7
+variant of the \s-1SPARC\s0 architecture.  With \fB\-mcpu=cypress\fR, the compiler
+additionally optimizes it for the Cypress \s-1CY7C602\s0 chip, as used in the
+SPARCStation/SPARCServer 3xx series.  This is also appropriate for the older
+SPARCStation 1, 2, \s-1IPX\s0 etc.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-mcpu=v8\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code for the V8 variant of the \s-1SPARC\s0
+architecture.  The only difference from V7 code is that the compiler emits
+the integer multiply and integer divide instructions which exist in \s-1SPARC\-V8\s0
+but not in \s-1SPARC\-V7\s0.  With \fB\-mcpu=supersparc\fR, the compiler additionally
+optimizes it for the SuperSPARC chip, as used in the SPARCStation 10, 1000 and
+2000 series.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-mcpu=sparclite\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code for the SPARClite variant of
+the \s-1SPARC\s0 architecture.  This adds the integer multiply, integer divide step
+and scan (\f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) instructions which exist in SPARClite but not in \s-1SPARC\-V7\s0.
+With \fB\-mcpu=f930\fR, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the
+Fujitsu \s-1MB86930\s0 chip, which is the original SPARClite, with no \s-1FPU\s0.  With
+\&\fB\-mcpu=f934\fR, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the Fujitsu
+\&\s-1MB86934\s0 chip, which is the more recent SPARClite with \s-1FPU\s0.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-mcpu=sparclet\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code for the SPARClet variant of
+the \s-1SPARC\s0 architecture.  This adds the integer multiply, multiply/accumulate,
+integer divide step and scan (\f(CW\*(C`ffs\*(C'\fR) instructions which exist in SPARClet
+but not in \s-1SPARC\-V7\s0.  With \fB\-mcpu=tsc701\fR, the compiler additionally
+optimizes it for the \s-1TEMIC\s0 SPARClet chip.
+.Sp
+With \fB\-mcpu=v9\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code for the V9 variant of the \s-1SPARC\s0
+architecture.  This adds 64\-bit integer and floating-point move instructions,
+3 additional floating-point condition code registers and conditional move
+instructions.  With \fB\-mcpu=ultrasparc\fR, the compiler additionally
+optimizes it for the Sun UltraSPARC I/II/IIi chips.  With
+\&\fB\-mcpu=ultrasparc3\fR, the compiler additionally optimizes it for the
+Sun UltraSPARC III/III+/IIIi/IIIi+/IV/IV+ chips.  With
+\&\fB\-mcpu=niagara\fR, the compiler additionally optimizes it for
+Sun UltraSPARC T1 chips.  With \fB\-mcpu=niagara2\fR, the compiler
+additionally optimizes it for Sun UltraSPARC T2 chips.
+.IP "\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtune=cpu_type"
+Set the instruction scheduling parameters for machine type
+\&\fIcpu_type\fR, but do not set the instruction set or register set that the
+option \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR would.
+.Sp
+The same values for \fB\-mcpu=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR can be used for
+\&\fB\-mtune=\fR\fIcpu_type\fR, but the only useful values are those
+that select a particular cpu implementation.  Those are \fBcypress\fR,
+\&\fBsupersparc\fR, \fBhypersparc\fR, \fBf930\fR, \fBf934\fR,
+\&\fBsparclite86x\fR, \fBtsc701\fR, \fBultrasparc\fR,
+\&\fBultrasparc3\fR, \fBniagara\fR, and \fBniagara2\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mv8plus\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mv8plus"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-v8plus\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-v8plus"
+.PD
+With \fB\-mv8plus\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code for the \s-1SPARC\-V8+\s0 \s-1ABI\s0.  The
+difference from the V8 \s-1ABI\s0 is that the global and out registers are
+considered 64\-bit wide.  This is enabled by default on Solaris in 32\-bit
+mode for all \s-1SPARC\-V9\s0 processors.
+.IP "\fB\-mvis\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mvis"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-vis\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-vis"
+.PD
+With \fB\-mvis\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code that takes advantage of the UltraSPARC
+Visual Instruction Set extensions.  The default is \fB\-mno\-vis\fR.
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are supported in addition to the above
+on \s-1SPARC\-V9\s0 processors in 64\-bit environments:
+.IP "\fB\-mlittle\-endian\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlittle-endian"
+Generate code for a processor running in little-endian mode.  It is only
+available for a few configurations and most notably not on Solaris and Linux.
+.IP "\fB\-m32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m32"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-m64\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-m64"
+.PD
+Generate code for a 32\-bit or 64\-bit environment.
+The 32\-bit environment sets int, long and pointer to 32 bits.
+The 64\-bit environment sets int to 32 bits and long and pointer
+to 64 bits.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=medlow\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=medlow"
+Generate code for the Medium/Low code model: 64\-bit addresses, programs
+must be linked in the low 32 bits of memory.  Programs can be statically
+or dynamically linked.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=medmid\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=medmid"
+Generate code for the Medium/Middle code model: 64\-bit addresses, programs
+must be linked in the low 44 bits of memory, the text and data segments must
+be less than 2GB in size and the data segment must be located within 2GB of
+the text segment.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=medany\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=medany"
+Generate code for the Medium/Anywhere code model: 64\-bit addresses, programs
+may be linked anywhere in memory, the text and data segments must be less
+than 2GB in size and the data segment must be located within 2GB of the
+text segment.
+.IP "\fB\-mcmodel=embmedany\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcmodel=embmedany"
+Generate code for the Medium/Anywhere code model for embedded systems:
+64\-bit addresses, the text and data segments must be less than 2GB in
+size, both starting anywhere in memory (determined at link time).  The
+global register \f(CW%g4\fR points to the base of the data segment.  Programs
+are statically linked and \s-1PIC\s0 is not supported.
+.IP "\fB\-mstack\-bias\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstack-bias"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-stack\-bias\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-stack-bias"
+.PD
+With \fB\-mstack\-bias\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 assumes that the stack pointer, and
+frame pointer if present, are offset by \-2047 which must be added back
+when making stack frame references.  This is the default in 64\-bit mode.
+Otherwise, assume no such offset is present.
+.PP
+These switches are supported in addition to the above on Solaris:
+.IP "\fB\-threads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-threads"
+Add support for multithreading using the Solaris threads library.  This
+option sets flags for both the preprocessor and linker.  This option does
+not affect the thread safety of object code produced by the compiler or
+that of libraries supplied with it.
+.IP "\fB\-pthreads\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pthreads"
+Add support for multithreading using the \s-1POSIX\s0 threads library.  This
+option sets flags for both the preprocessor and linker.  This option does
+not affect the thread safety of object code produced  by the compiler or
+that of libraries supplied with it.
+.IP "\fB\-pthread\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-pthread"
+This is a synonym for \fB\-pthreads\fR.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1SPU\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "SPU Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are supported on the \s-1SPU:\s0
+.IP "\fB\-mwarn\-reloc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwarn-reloc"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-merror\-reloc\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-merror-reloc"
+.PD
+The loader for \s-1SPU\s0 does not handle dynamic relocations.  By default, \s-1GCC\s0
+will give an error when it generates code that requires a dynamic
+relocation.  \fB\-mno\-error\-reloc\fR disables the error,
+\&\fB\-mwarn\-reloc\fR will generate a warning instead.
+.IP "\fB\-msafe\-dma\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msafe-dma"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-munsafe\-dma\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-munsafe-dma"
+.PD
+Instructions which initiate or test completion of \s-1DMA\s0 must not be
+reordered with respect to loads and stores of the memory which is being
+accessed.  Users typically address this problem using the volatile
+keyword, but that can lead to inefficient code in places where the
+memory is known to not change.  Rather than mark the memory as volatile
+we treat the \s-1DMA\s0 instructions as potentially effecting all memory.  With
+\&\fB\-munsafe\-dma\fR users must use the volatile keyword to protect
+memory accesses.
+.IP "\fB\-mbranch\-hints\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbranch-hints"
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 will generate a branch hint instruction to avoid
+pipeline stalls for always taken or probably taken branches.  A hint
+will not be generated closer than 8 instructions away from its branch.
+There is little reason to disable them, except for debugging purposes,
+or to make an object a little bit smaller.
+.IP "\fB\-msmall\-mem\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msmall-mem"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mlarge\-mem\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlarge-mem"
+.PD
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 generates code assuming that addresses are never larger
+than 18 bits.  With \fB\-mlarge\-mem\fR code is generated that assumes
+a full 32 bit address.
+.IP "\fB\-mstdmain\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mstdmain"
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 links against startup code that assumes the SPU-style
+main function interface (which has an unconventional parameter list).
+With \fB\-mstdmain\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 will link your program against startup
+code that assumes a C99\-style interface to \f(CW\*(C`main\*(C'\fR, including a
+local copy of \f(CW\*(C`argv\*(C'\fR strings.
+.IP "\fB\-mfixed\-range=\fR\fIregister-range\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfixed-range=register-range"
+Generate code treating the given register range as fixed registers.
+A fixed register is one that the register allocator can not use.  This is
+useful when compiling kernel code.  A register range is specified as
+two registers separated by a dash.  Multiple register ranges can be
+specified separated by a comma.
+.IP "\fB\-mdual\-nops\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdual-nops"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mdual\-nops=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdual-nops=n"
+.PD
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 will insert nops to increase dual issue when it expects
+it to increase performance.  \fIn\fR can be a value from 0 to 10.  A
+smaller \fIn\fR will insert fewer nops.  10 is the default, 0 is the
+same as \fB\-mno\-dual\-nops\fR.  Disabled with \fB\-Os\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-mhint\-max\-nops=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhint-max-nops=n"
+Maximum number of nops to insert for a branch hint.  A branch hint must
+be at least 8 instructions away from the branch it is effecting.  \s-1GCC\s0
+will insert up to \fIn\fR nops to enforce this, otherwise it will not
+generate the branch hint.
+.IP "\fB\-mhint\-max\-distance=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mhint-max-distance=n"
+The encoding of the branch hint instruction limits the hint to be within
+256 instructions of the branch it is effecting.  By default, \s-1GCC\s0 makes
+sure it is within 125.
+.IP "\fB\-msafe\-hints\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msafe-hints"
+Work around a hardware bug which causes the \s-1SPU\s0 to stall indefinitely.
+By default, \s-1GCC\s0 will insert the \f(CW\*(C`hbrp\*(C'\fR instruction to make sure
+this stall won't happen.
+.PP
+\fIOptions for System V\fR
+.IX Subsection "Options for System V"
+.PP
+These additional options are available on System V Release 4 for
+compatibility with other compilers on those systems:
+.IP "\fB\-G\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-G"
+Create a shared object.
+It is recommended that \fB\-symbolic\fR or \fB\-shared\fR be used instead.
+.IP "\fB\-Qy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Qy"
+Identify the versions of each tool used by the compiler, in a
+\&\f(CW\*(C`.ident\*(C'\fR assembler directive in the output.
+.IP "\fB\-Qn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Qn"
+Refrain from adding \f(CW\*(C`.ident\*(C'\fR directives to the output file (this is
+the default).
+.IP "\fB\-YP,\fR\fIdirs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-YP,dirs"
+Search the directories \fIdirs\fR, and no others, for libraries
+specified with \fB\-l\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-Ym,\fR\fIdir\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Ym,dir"
+Look in the directory \fIdir\fR to find the M4 preprocessor.
+The assembler uses this option.
+.PP
+\fIV850 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "V850 Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for V850 implementations:
+.IP "\fB\-mlong\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlong-calls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-long\-calls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-long-calls"
+.PD
+Treat all calls as being far away (near).  If calls are assumed to be
+far away, the compiler will always load the functions address up into a
+register, and call indirect through the pointer.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-ep\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-ep"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mep\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mep"
+.PD
+Do not optimize (do optimize) basic blocks that use the same index
+pointer 4 or more times to copy pointer into the \f(CW\*(C`ep\*(C'\fR register, and
+use the shorter \f(CW\*(C`sld\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sst\*(C'\fR instructions.  The \fB\-mep\fR
+option is on by default if you optimize.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-prolog\-function\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-prolog-function"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mprolog\-function\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mprolog-function"
+.PD
+Do not use (do use) external functions to save and restore registers
+at the prologue and epilogue of a function.  The external functions
+are slower, but use less code space if more than one function saves
+the same number of registers.  The \fB\-mprolog\-function\fR option
+is on by default if you optimize.
+.IP "\fB\-mspace\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mspace"
+Try to make the code as small as possible.  At present, this just turns
+on the \fB\-mep\fR and \fB\-mprolog\-function\fR options.
+.IP "\fB\-mtda=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtda=n"
+Put static or global variables whose size is \fIn\fR bytes or less into
+the tiny data area that register \f(CW\*(C`ep\*(C'\fR points to.  The tiny data
+area can hold up to 256 bytes in total (128 bytes for byte references).
+.IP "\fB\-msda=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msda=n"
+Put static or global variables whose size is \fIn\fR bytes or less into
+the small data area that register \f(CW\*(C`gp\*(C'\fR points to.  The small data
+area can hold up to 64 kilobytes.
+.IP "\fB\-mzda=\fR\fIn\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mzda=n"
+Put static or global variables whose size is \fIn\fR bytes or less into
+the first 32 kilobytes of memory.
+.IP "\fB\-mv850\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mv850"
+Specify that the target processor is the V850.
+.IP "\fB\-mbig\-switch\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mbig-switch"
+Generate code suitable for big switch tables.  Use this option only if
+the assembler/linker complain about out of range branches within a switch
+table.
+.IP "\fB\-mapp\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mapp-regs"
+This option will cause r2 and r5 to be used in the code generated by
+the compiler.  This setting is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-app\-regs\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-app-regs"
+This option will cause r2 and r5 to be treated as fixed registers.
+.IP "\fB\-mv850e1\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mv850e1"
+Specify that the target processor is the V850E1.  The preprocessor
+constants \fB_\|_v850e1_\|_\fR and \fB_\|_v850e_\|_\fR will be defined if
+this option is used.
+.IP "\fB\-mv850e\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mv850e"
+Specify that the target processor is the V850E.  The preprocessor
+constant \fB_\|_v850e_\|_\fR will be defined if this option is used.
+.Sp
+If neither \fB\-mv850\fR nor \fB\-mv850e\fR nor \fB\-mv850e1\fR
+are defined then a default target processor will be chosen and the
+relevant \fB_\|_v850*_\|_\fR preprocessor constant will be defined.
+.Sp
+The preprocessor constants \fB_\|_v850\fR and \fB_\|_v851_\|_\fR are always
+defined, regardless of which processor variant is the target.
+.IP "\fB\-mdisable\-callt\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdisable-callt"
+This option will suppress generation of the \s-1CALLT\s0 instruction for the
+v850e and v850e1 flavors of the v850 architecture.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mno\-disable\-callt\fR which allows the \s-1CALLT\s0 instruction to be used.
+.PP
+\fI\s-1VAX\s0 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "VAX Options"
+.PP
+These \fB\-m\fR options are defined for the \s-1VAX:\s0
+.IP "\fB\-munix\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-munix"
+Do not output certain jump instructions (\f(CW\*(C`aobleq\*(C'\fR and so on)
+that the Unix assembler for the \s-1VAX\s0 cannot handle across long
+ranges.
+.IP "\fB\-mgnu\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mgnu"
+Do output those jump instructions, on the assumption that you
+will assemble with the \s-1GNU\s0 assembler.
+.IP "\fB\-mg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mg"
+Output code for g\-format floating point numbers instead of d\-format.
+.PP
+\fIVxWorks Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "VxWorks Options"
+.PP
+The options in this section are defined for all VxWorks targets.
+Options specific to the target hardware are listed with the other
+options for that target.
+.IP "\fB\-mrtp\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mrtp"
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 can generate code for both VxWorks kernels and real time processes
+(RTPs).  This option switches from the former to the latter.  It also
+defines the preprocessor macro \f(CW\*(C`_\|_RTP_\|_\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-non\-static\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-non-static"
+Link an \s-1RTP\s0 executable against shared libraries rather than static
+libraries.  The options \fB\-static\fR and \fB\-shared\fR can
+also be used for RTPs; \fB\-static\fR
+is the default.
+.IP "\fB\-Bstatic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Bstatic"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-Bdynamic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Bdynamic"
+.PD
+These options are passed down to the linker.  They are defined for
+compatibility with Diab.
+.IP "\fB\-Xbind\-lazy\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Xbind-lazy"
+Enable lazy binding of function calls.  This option is equivalent to
+\&\fB\-Wl,\-z,now\fR and is defined for compatibility with Diab.
+.IP "\fB\-Xbind\-now\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-Xbind-now"
+Disable lazy binding of function calls.  This option is the default and
+is defined for compatibility with Diab.
+.PP
+\fIx86\-64 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "x86-64 Options"
+.PP
+These are listed under
+.PP
+\fIi386 and x86\-64 Windows Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "i386 and x86-64 Windows Options"
+.PP
+These additional options are available for Windows targets:
+.IP "\fB\-mconsole\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mconsole"
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets.  It
+specifies that a console application is to be generated, by
+instructing the linker to set the \s-1PE\s0 header subsystem type
+required for console applications.
+This is the default behaviour for Cygwin and MinGW targets.
+.IP "\fB\-mcygwin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mcygwin"
+This option is available for Cygwin targets.  It specifies that
+the Cygwin internal interface is to be used for predefined
+preprocessor macros, C runtime libraries and related linker
+paths and options.  For Cygwin targets this is the default behaviour.
+This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-cygwin\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-cygwin"
+This option is available for Cygwin targets.  It specifies that
+the MinGW internal interface is to be used instead of Cygwin's, by
+setting MinGW-related predefined macros and linker paths and default
+library options.
+This option is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
+.IP "\fB\-mdll\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mdll"
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets.  It
+specifies that a \s-1DLL\s0 \- a dynamic link library \- is to be
+generated, enabling the selection of the required runtime
+startup object and entry point.
+.IP "\fB\-mnop\-fun\-dllimport\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mnop-fun-dllimport"
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets.  It
+specifies that the dllimport attribute should be ignored.
+.IP "\fB\-mthread\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mthread"
+This option is available for MinGW targets. It specifies
+that MinGW-specific thread support is to be used.
+.IP "\fB\-mwin32\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwin32"
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets.  It
+specifies that the typical Windows pre-defined macros are to
+be set in the pre-processor, but does not influence the choice
+of runtime library/startup code.
+.IP "\fB\-mwindows\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mwindows"
+This option is available for Cygwin and MinGW targets.  It
+specifies that a \s-1GUI\s0 application is to be generated by
+instructing the linker to set the \s-1PE\s0 header subsystem type
+appropriately.
+.PP
+See also under \fBi386 and x86\-64 Options\fR for standard options.
+.PP
+\fIXstormy16 Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "Xstormy16 Options"
+.PP
+These options are defined for Xstormy16:
+.IP "\fB\-msim\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-msim"
+Choose startup files and linker script suitable for the simulator.
+.PP
+\fIXtensa Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "Xtensa Options"
+.PP
+These options are supported for Xtensa targets:
+.IP "\fB\-mconst16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mconst16"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-const16\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-const16"
+.PD
+Enable or disable use of \f(CW\*(C`CONST16\*(C'\fR instructions for loading
+constant values.  The \f(CW\*(C`CONST16\*(C'\fR instruction is currently not a
+standard option from Tensilica.  When enabled, \f(CW\*(C`CONST16\*(C'\fR
+instructions are always used in place of the standard \f(CW\*(C`L32R\*(C'\fR
+instructions.  The use of \f(CW\*(C`CONST16\*(C'\fR is enabled by default only if
+the \f(CW\*(C`L32R\*(C'\fR instruction is not available.
+.IP "\fB\-mfused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mfused-madd"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-fused\-madd\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-fused-madd"
+.PD
+Enable or disable use of fused multiply/add and multiply/subtract
+instructions in the floating-point option.  This has no effect if the
+floating-point option is not also enabled.  Disabling fused multiply/add
+and multiply/subtract instructions forces the compiler to use separate
+instructions for the multiply and add/subtract operations.  This may be
+desirable in some cases where strict \s-1IEEE\s0 754\-compliant results are
+required: the fused multiply add/subtract instructions do not round the
+intermediate result, thereby producing results with \fImore\fR bits of
+precision than specified by the \s-1IEEE\s0 standard.  Disabling fused multiply
+add/subtract instructions also ensures that the program output is not
+sensitive to the compiler's ability to combine multiply and add/subtract
+operations.
+.IP "\fB\-mserialize\-volatile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mserialize-volatile"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-serialize\-volatile\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-serialize-volatile"
+.PD
+When this option is enabled, \s-1GCC\s0 inserts \f(CW\*(C`MEMW\*(C'\fR instructions before
+\&\f(CW\*(C`volatile\*(C'\fR memory references to guarantee sequential consistency.
+The default is \fB\-mserialize\-volatile\fR.  Use
+\&\fB\-mno\-serialize\-volatile\fR to omit the \f(CW\*(C`MEMW\*(C'\fR instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mtext\-section\-literals\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtext-section-literals"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-text\-section\-literals\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-text-section-literals"
+.PD
+Control the treatment of literal pools.  The default is
+\&\fB\-mno\-text\-section\-literals\fR, which places literals in a separate
+section in the output file.  This allows the literal pool to be placed
+in a data \s-1RAM/ROM\s0, and it also allows the linker to combine literal
+pools from separate object files to remove redundant literals and
+improve code size.  With \fB\-mtext\-section\-literals\fR, the literals
+are interspersed in the text section in order to keep them as close as
+possible to their references.  This may be necessary for large assembly
+files.
+.IP "\fB\-mtarget\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mtarget-align"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-target\-align\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-target-align"
+.PD
+When this option is enabled, \s-1GCC\s0 instructs the assembler to
+automatically align instructions to reduce branch penalties at the
+expense of some code density.  The assembler attempts to widen density
+instructions to align branch targets and the instructions following call
+instructions.  If there are not enough preceding safe density
+instructions to align a target, no widening will be performed.  The
+default is \fB\-mtarget\-align\fR.  These options do not affect the
+treatment of auto-aligned instructions like \f(CW\*(C`LOOP\*(C'\fR, which the
+assembler will always align, either by widening density instructions or
+by inserting no-op instructions.
+.IP "\fB\-mlongcalls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mlongcalls"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-mno\-longcalls\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-mno-longcalls"
+.PD
+When this option is enabled, \s-1GCC\s0 instructs the assembler to translate
+direct calls to indirect calls unless it can determine that the target
+of a direct call is in the range allowed by the call instruction.  This
+translation typically occurs for calls to functions in other source
+files.  Specifically, the assembler translates a direct \f(CW\*(C`CALL\*(C'\fR
+instruction into an \f(CW\*(C`L32R\*(C'\fR followed by a \f(CW\*(C`CALLX\*(C'\fR instruction.
+The default is \fB\-mno\-longcalls\fR.  This option should be used in
+programs where the call target can potentially be out of range.  This
+option is implemented in the assembler, not the compiler, so the
+assembly code generated by \s-1GCC\s0 will still show direct call
+instructions\-\-\-look at the disassembled object code to see the actual
+instructions.  Note that the assembler will use an indirect call for
+every cross-file call, not just those that really will be out of range.
+.PP
+\fIzSeries Options\fR
+.IX Subsection "zSeries Options"
+.PP
+These are listed under
+.Sh "Options for Code Generation Conventions"
+.IX Subsection "Options for Code Generation Conventions"
+These machine-independent options control the interface conventions
+used in code generation.
+.PP
+Most of them have both positive and negative forms; the negative form
+of \fB\-ffoo\fR would be \fB\-fno\-foo\fR.  In the table below, only
+one of the forms is listed\-\-\-the one which is not the default.  You
+can figure out the other form by either removing \fBno\-\fR or adding
+it.
+.IP "\fB\-fbounds\-check\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fbounds-check"
+For front-ends that support it, generate additional code to check that
+indices used to access arrays are within the declared range.  This is
+currently only supported by the Java and Fortran front-ends, where
+this option defaults to true and false respectively.
+.IP "\fB\-ftrapv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftrapv"
+This option generates traps for signed overflow on addition, subtraction,
+multiplication operations.
+.IP "\fB\-fwrapv\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fwrapv"
+This option instructs the compiler to assume that signed arithmetic
+overflow of addition, subtraction and multiplication wraps around
+using twos-complement representation.  This flag enables some optimizations
+and disables others.  This option is enabled by default for the Java
+front-end, as required by the Java language specification.
+.IP "\fB\-fexceptions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fexceptions"
+Enable exception handling.  Generates extra code needed to propagate
+exceptions.  For some targets, this implies \s-1GCC\s0 will generate frame
+unwind information for all functions, which can produce significant data
+size overhead, although it does not affect execution.  If you do not
+specify this option, \s-1GCC\s0 will enable it by default for languages like
+\&\*(C+ which normally require exception handling, and disable it for
+languages like C that do not normally require it.  However, you may need
+to enable this option when compiling C code that needs to interoperate
+properly with exception handlers written in \*(C+.  You may also wish to
+disable this option if you are compiling older \*(C+ programs that don't
+use exception handling.
+.IP "\fB\-fnon\-call\-exceptions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fnon-call-exceptions"
+Generate code that allows trapping instructions to throw exceptions.
+Note that this requires platform-specific runtime support that does
+not exist everywhere.  Moreover, it only allows \fItrapping\fR
+instructions to throw exceptions, i.e. memory references or floating
+point instructions.  It does not allow exceptions to be thrown from
+arbitrary signal handlers such as \f(CW\*(C`SIGALRM\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-funwind\-tables\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-funwind-tables"
+Similar to \fB\-fexceptions\fR, except that it will just generate any needed
+static data, but will not affect the generated code in any other way.
+You will normally not enable this option; instead, a language processor
+that needs this handling would enable it on your behalf.
+.IP "\fB\-fasynchronous\-unwind\-tables\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fasynchronous-unwind-tables"
+Generate unwind table in dwarf2 format, if supported by target machine.  The
+table is exact at each instruction boundary, so it can be used for stack
+unwinding from asynchronous events (such as debugger or garbage collector).
+.IP "\fB\-fpcc\-struct\-return\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpcc-struct-return"
+Return \*(L"short\*(R" \f(CW\*(C`struct\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`union\*(C'\fR values in memory like
+longer ones, rather than in registers.  This convention is less
+efficient, but it has the advantage of allowing intercallability between
+GCC-compiled files and files compiled with other compilers, particularly
+the Portable C Compiler (pcc).
+.Sp
+The precise convention for returning structures in memory depends
+on the target configuration macros.
+.Sp
+Short structures and unions are those whose size and alignment match
+that of some integer type.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR code compiled with the \fB\-fpcc\-struct\-return\fR
+switch is not binary compatible with code compiled with the
+\&\fB\-freg\-struct\-return\fR switch.
+Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+.IP "\fB\-freg\-struct\-return\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-freg-struct-return"
+Return \f(CW\*(C`struct\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`union\*(C'\fR values in registers when possible.
+This is more efficient for small structures than
+\&\fB\-fpcc\-struct\-return\fR.
+.Sp
+If you specify neither \fB\-fpcc\-struct\-return\fR nor
+\&\fB\-freg\-struct\-return\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 defaults to whichever convention is
+standard for the target.  If there is no standard convention, \s-1GCC\s0
+defaults to \fB\-fpcc\-struct\-return\fR, except on targets where \s-1GCC\s0 is
+the principal compiler.  In those cases, we can choose the standard, and
+we chose the more efficient register return alternative.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR code compiled with the \fB\-freg\-struct\-return\fR
+switch is not binary compatible with code compiled with the
+\&\fB\-fpcc\-struct\-return\fR switch.
+Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+.IP "\fB\-fshort\-enums\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fshort-enums"
+Allocate to an \f(CW\*(C`enum\*(C'\fR type only as many bytes as it needs for the
+declared range of possible values.  Specifically, the \f(CW\*(C`enum\*(C'\fR type
+will be equivalent to the smallest integer type which has enough room.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the \fB\-fshort\-enums\fR switch causes \s-1GCC\s0 to generate
+code that is not binary compatible with code generated without that switch.
+Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+.IP "\fB\-fshort\-double\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fshort-double"
+Use the same size for \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR as for \f(CW\*(C`float\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the \fB\-fshort\-double\fR switch causes \s-1GCC\s0 to generate
+code that is not binary compatible with code generated without that switch.
+Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+.IP "\fB\-fshort\-wchar\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fshort-wchar"
+Override the underlying type for \fBwchar_t\fR to be \fBshort
+unsigned int\fR instead of the default for the target.  This option is
+useful for building programs to run under \s-1WINE\s0.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the \fB\-fshort\-wchar\fR switch causes \s-1GCC\s0 to generate
+code that is not binary compatible with code generated without that switch.
+Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-common\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-common"
+In C code, controls the placement of uninitialized global variables.
+Unix C compilers have traditionally permitted multiple definitions of
+such variables in different compilation units by placing the variables
+in a common block.  
+This is the behavior specified by \fB\-fcommon\fR, and is the default 
+for \s-1GCC\s0 on most targets.  
+On the other hand, this behavior is not required by \s-1ISO\s0 C, and on some
+targets may carry a speed or code size penalty on variable references.
+The \fB\-fno\-common\fR option specifies that the compiler should place 
+uninitialized global variables in the data section of the object file,
+rather than generating them as common blocks.
+This has the effect that if the same variable is declared 
+(without \f(CW\*(C`extern\*(C'\fR) in two different compilations,
+you will get a multiple-definition error when you link them.
+In this case, you must compile with \fB\-fcommon\fR instead.  
+Compiling with \fB\-fno\-common\fR is useful on targets for which 
+it provides better performance, or if you wish to verify that the
+program will work on other systems which always treat uninitialized
+variable declarations this way.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-ident\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-ident"
+Ignore the \fB#ident\fR directive.
+.IP "\fB\-finhibit\-size\-directive\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finhibit-size-directive"
+Don't output a \f(CW\*(C`.size\*(C'\fR assembler directive, or anything else that
+would cause trouble if the function is split in the middle, and the
+two halves are placed at locations far apart in memory.  This option is
+used when compiling \fIcrtstuff.c\fR; you should not need to use it
+for anything else.
+.IP "\fB\-fverbose\-asm\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fverbose-asm"
+Put extra commentary information in the generated assembly code to
+make it more readable.  This option is generally only of use to those
+who actually need to read the generated assembly code (perhaps while
+debugging the compiler itself).
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fno\-verbose\-asm\fR, the default, causes the
+extra information to be omitted and is useful when comparing two assembler
+files.
+.IP "\fB\-frecord\-gcc\-switches\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-frecord-gcc-switches"
+This switch causes the command line that was used to invoke the
+compiler to be recorded into the object file that is being created.
+This switch is only implemented on some targets and the exact format
+of the recording is target and binary file format dependent, but it
+usually takes the form of a section containing \s-1ASCII\s0 text.  This
+switch is related to the \fB\-fverbose\-asm\fR switch, but that
+switch only records information in the assembler output file as
+comments, so it never reaches the object file.
+.IP "\fB\-fpic\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpic"
+Generate position-independent code (\s-1PIC\s0) suitable for use in a shared
+library, if supported for the target machine.  Such code accesses all
+constant addresses through a global offset table (\s-1GOT\s0).  The dynamic
+loader resolves the \s-1GOT\s0 entries when the program starts (the dynamic
+loader is not part of \s-1GCC\s0; it is part of the operating system).  If
+the \s-1GOT\s0 size for the linked executable exceeds a machine-specific
+maximum size, you get an error message from the linker indicating that
+\&\fB\-fpic\fR does not work; in that case, recompile with \fB\-fPIC\fR
+instead.  (These maximums are 8k on the \s-1SPARC\s0 and 32k
+on the m68k and \s-1RS/6000\s0.  The 386 has no such limit.)
+.Sp
+Position-independent code requires special support, and therefore works
+only on certain machines.  For the 386, \s-1GCC\s0 supports \s-1PIC\s0 for System V
+but not for the Sun 386i.  Code generated for the \s-1IBM\s0 \s-1RS/6000\s0 is always
+position-independent.
+.Sp
+When this flag is set, the macros \f(CW\*(C`_\|_pic_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_PIC_\|_\*(C'\fR
+are defined to 1.
+.IP "\fB\-fPIC\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fPIC"
+If supported for the target machine, emit position-independent code,
+suitable for dynamic linking and avoiding any limit on the size of the
+global offset table.  This option makes a difference on the m68k,
+PowerPC and \s-1SPARC\s0.
+.Sp
+Position-independent code requires special support, and therefore works
+only on certain machines.
+.Sp
+When this flag is set, the macros \f(CW\*(C`_\|_pic_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_PIC_\|_\*(C'\fR
+are defined to 2.
+.IP "\fB\-fpie\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpie"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fPIE\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fPIE"
+.PD
+These options are similar to \fB\-fpic\fR and \fB\-fPIC\fR, but
+generated position independent code can be only linked into executables.
+Usually these options are used when \fB\-pie\fR \s-1GCC\s0 option will be
+used during linking.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fpie\fR and \fB\-fPIE\fR both define the macros
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_pie_\|_\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_PIE_\|_\*(C'\fR.  The macros have the value 1
+for \fB\-fpie\fR and 2 for \fB\-fPIE\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-jump\-tables\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-jump-tables"
+Do not use jump tables for switch statements even where it would be
+more efficient than other code generation strategies.  This option is
+of use in conjunction with \fB\-fpic\fR or \fB\-fPIC\fR for
+building code which forms part of a dynamic linker and cannot
+reference the address of a jump table.  On some targets, jump tables
+do not require a \s-1GOT\s0 and this option is not needed.
+.IP "\fB\-ffixed\-\fR\fIreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ffixed-reg"
+Treat the register named \fIreg\fR as a fixed register; generated code
+should never refer to it (except perhaps as a stack pointer, frame
+pointer or in some other fixed role).
+.Sp
+\&\fIreg\fR must be the name of a register.  The register names accepted
+are machine-specific and are defined in the \f(CW\*(C`REGISTER_NAMES\*(C'\fR
+macro in the machine description macro file.
+.Sp
+This flag does not have a negative form, because it specifies a
+three-way choice.
+.IP "\fB\-fcall\-used\-\fR\fIreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcall-used-reg"
+Treat the register named \fIreg\fR as an allocable register that is
+clobbered by function calls.  It may be allocated for temporaries or
+variables that do not live across a call.  Functions compiled this way
+will not save and restore the register \fIreg\fR.
+.Sp
+It is an error to used this flag with the frame pointer or stack pointer.
+Use of this flag for other registers that have fixed pervasive roles in
+the machine's execution model will produce disastrous results.
+.Sp
+This flag does not have a negative form, because it specifies a
+three-way choice.
+.IP "\fB\-fcall\-saved\-\fR\fIreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fcall-saved-reg"
+Treat the register named \fIreg\fR as an allocable register saved by
+functions.  It may be allocated even for temporaries or variables that
+live across a call.  Functions compiled this way will save and restore
+the register \fIreg\fR if they use it.
+.Sp
+It is an error to used this flag with the frame pointer or stack pointer.
+Use of this flag for other registers that have fixed pervasive roles in
+the machine's execution model will produce disastrous results.
+.Sp
+A different sort of disaster will result from the use of this flag for
+a register in which function values may be returned.
+.Sp
+This flag does not have a negative form, because it specifies a
+three-way choice.
+.IP "\fB\-fpack\-struct[=\fR\fIn\fR\fB]\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fpack-struct[=n]"
+Without a value specified, pack all structure members together without
+holes.  When a value is specified (which must be a small power of two), pack
+structure members according to this value, representing the maximum
+alignment (that is, objects with default alignment requirements larger than
+this will be output potentially unaligned at the next fitting location.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the \fB\-fpack\-struct\fR switch causes \s-1GCC\s0 to generate
+code that is not binary compatible with code generated without that switch.
+Additionally, it makes the code suboptimal.
+Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+.IP "\fB\-finstrument\-functions\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finstrument-functions"
+Generate instrumentation calls for entry and exit to functions.  Just
+after function entry and just before function exit, the following
+profiling functions will be called with the address of the current
+function and its call site.  (On some platforms,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_builtin_return_address\*(C'\fR does not work beyond the current
+function, so the call site information may not be available to the
+profiling functions otherwise.)
+.Sp
+.Vb 4
+\&        void _\|_cyg_profile_func_enter (void *this_fn,
+\&                                       void *call_site);
+\&        void _\|_cyg_profile_func_exit  (void *this_fn,
+\&                                       void *call_site);
+.Ve
+.Sp
+The first argument is the address of the start of the current function,
+which may be looked up exactly in the symbol table.
+.Sp
+This instrumentation is also done for functions expanded inline in other
+functions.  The profiling calls will indicate where, conceptually, the
+inline function is entered and exited.  This means that addressable
+versions of such functions must be available.  If all your uses of a
+function are expanded inline, this may mean an additional expansion of
+code size.  If you use \fBextern inline\fR in your C code, an
+addressable version of such functions must be provided.  (This is
+normally the case anyways, but if you get lucky and the optimizer always
+expands the functions inline, you might have gotten away without
+providing static copies.)
+.Sp
+A function may be given the attribute \f(CW\*(C`no_instrument_function\*(C'\fR, in
+which case this instrumentation will not be done.  This can be used, for
+example, for the profiling functions listed above, high-priority
+interrupt routines, and any functions from which the profiling functions
+cannot safely be called (perhaps signal handlers, if the profiling
+routines generate output or allocate memory).
+.IP "\fB\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-file\-list=\fR\fIfile\fR\fB,\fR\fIfile\fR\fB,...\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finstrument-functions-exclude-file-list=file,file,..."
+Set the list of functions that are excluded from instrumentation (see
+the description of \f(CW\*(C`\-finstrument\-functions\*(C'\fR).  If the file that
+contains a function definition matches with one of \fIfile\fR, then
+that function is not instrumented.  The match is done on substrings:
+if the \fIfile\fR parameter is a substring of the file name, it is
+considered to be a match.
+.Sp
+For example,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-file\-list=/bits/stl,include/sys\*(C'\fR
+will exclude any inline function defined in files whose pathnames
+contain \f(CW\*(C`/bits/stl\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`include/sys\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+If, for some reason, you want to include letter \f(CW\*(Aq,\*(Aq\fR in one of
+\&\fIsym\fR, write \f(CW\*(Aq,\*(Aq\fR. For example,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-file\-list=\*(Aq,,tmp\*(Aq\*(C'\fR
+(note the single quote surrounding the option).
+.IP "\fB\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-function\-list=\fR\fIsym\fR\fB,\fR\fIsym\fR\fB,...\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-finstrument-functions-exclude-function-list=sym,sym,..."
+This is similar to \f(CW\*(C`\-finstrument\-functions\-exclude\-file\-list\*(C'\fR,
+but this option sets the list of function names to be excluded from
+instrumentation.  The function name to be matched is its user-visible
+name, such as \f(CW\*(C`vector<int> blah(const vector<int> &)\*(C'\fR, not the
+internal mangled name (e.g., \f(CW\*(C`_Z4blahRSt6vectorIiSaIiEE\*(C'\fR).  The
+match is done on substrings: if the \fIsym\fR parameter is a substring
+of the function name, it is considered to be a match.
+.IP "\fB\-fstack\-check\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstack-check"
+Generate code to verify that you do not go beyond the boundary of the
+stack.  You should specify this flag if you are running in an
+environment with multiple threads, but only rarely need to specify it in
+a single-threaded environment since stack overflow is automatically
+detected on nearly all systems if there is only one stack.
+.Sp
+Note that this switch does not actually cause checking to be done; the
+operating system or the language runtime must do that.  The switch causes
+generation of code to ensure that they see the stack being extended.
+.Sp
+You can additionally specify a string parameter: \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR means no
+checking, \f(CW\*(C`generic\*(C'\fR means force the use of old-style checking,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`specific\*(C'\fR means use the best checking method and is equivalent
+to bare \fB\-fstack\-check\fR.
+.Sp
+Old-style checking is a generic mechanism that requires no specific
+target support in the compiler but comes with the following drawbacks:
+.RS 4
+.IP "1." 4
+Modified allocation strategy for large objects: they will always be
+allocated dynamically if their size exceeds a fixed threshold.
+.IP "2." 4
+Fixed limit on the size of the static frame of functions: when it is
+topped by a particular function, stack checking is not reliable and
+a warning is issued by the compiler.
+.IP "3." 4
+Inefficiency: because of both the modified allocation strategy and the
+generic implementation, the performances of the code are hampered.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+Note that old-style stack checking is also the fallback method for
+\&\f(CW\*(C`specific\*(C'\fR if no target support has been added in the compiler.
+.RE
+.IP "\fB\-fstack\-limit\-register=\fR\fIreg\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstack-limit-register=reg"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fstack\-limit\-symbol=\fR\fIsym\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fstack-limit-symbol=sym"
+.IP "\fB\-fno\-stack\-limit\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fno-stack-limit"
+.PD
+Generate code to ensure that the stack does not grow beyond a certain value,
+either the value of a register or the address of a symbol.  If the stack
+would grow beyond the value, a signal is raised.  For most targets,
+the signal is raised before the stack overruns the boundary, so
+it is possible to catch the signal without taking special precautions.
+.Sp
+For instance, if the stack starts at absolute address \fB0x80000000\fR
+and grows downwards, you can use the flags
+\&\fB\-fstack\-limit\-symbol=_\|_stack_limit\fR and
+\&\fB\-Wl,\-\-defsym,_\|_stack_limit=0x7ffe0000\fR to enforce a stack limit
+of 128KB.  Note that this may only work with the \s-1GNU\s0 linker.
+.IP "\fB\-fargument\-alias\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fargument-alias"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\-fargument\-noalias\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fargument-noalias"
+.IP "\fB\-fargument\-noalias\-global\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fargument-noalias-global"
+.IP "\fB\-fargument\-noalias\-anything\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fargument-noalias-anything"
+.PD
+Specify the possible relationships among parameters and between
+parameters and global data.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\-fargument\-alias\fR specifies that arguments (parameters) may
+alias each other and may alias global storage.\fB\-fargument\-noalias\fR specifies that arguments do not alias
+each other, but may alias global storage.\fB\-fargument\-noalias\-global\fR specifies that arguments do not
+alias each other and do not alias global storage.
+\&\fB\-fargument\-noalias\-anything\fR specifies that arguments do not
+alias any other storage.
+.Sp
+Each language will automatically use whatever option is required by
+the language standard.  You should not need to use these options yourself.
+.IP "\fB\-fleading\-underscore\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fleading-underscore"
+This option and its counterpart, \fB\-fno\-leading\-underscore\fR, forcibly
+change the way C symbols are represented in the object file.  One use
+is to help link with legacy assembly code.
+.Sp
+\&\fBWarning:\fR the \fB\-fleading\-underscore\fR switch causes \s-1GCC\s0 to
+generate code that is not binary compatible with code generated without that
+switch.  Use it to conform to a non-default application binary interface.
+Not all targets provide complete support for this switch.
+.IP "\fB\-ftls\-model=\fR\fImodel\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-ftls-model=model"
+Alter the thread-local storage model to be used.
+The \fImodel\fR argument should be one of \f(CW\*(C`global\-dynamic\*(C'\fR,
+\&\f(CW\*(C`local\-dynamic\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`initial\-exec\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`local\-exec\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+The default without \fB\-fpic\fR is \f(CW\*(C`initial\-exec\*(C'\fR; with
+\&\fB\-fpic\fR the default is \f(CW\*(C`global\-dynamic\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\fB\-fvisibility=\fR\fIdefault|internal|hidden|protected\fR" 4
+.IX Item "-fvisibility=default|internal|hidden|protected"
+Set the default \s-1ELF\s0 image symbol visibility to the specified option\-\-\-all
+symbols will be marked with this unless overridden within the code.
+Using this feature can very substantially improve linking and
+load times of shared object libraries, produce more optimized
+code, provide near-perfect \s-1API\s0 export and prevent symbol clashes.
+It is \fBstrongly\fR recommended that you use this in any shared objects
+you distribute.
+.Sp
+Despite the nomenclature, \f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR always means public ie;
+available to be linked against from outside the shared object.
+\&\f(CW\*(C`protected\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`internal\*(C'\fR are pretty useless in real-world
+usage so the only other commonly used option will be \f(CW\*(C`hidden\*(C'\fR.
+The default if \fB\-fvisibility\fR isn't specified is
+\&\f(CW\*(C`default\*(C'\fR, i.e., make every
+symbol public\-\-\-this causes the same behavior as previous versions of
+\&\s-1GCC\s0.
+.Sp
+A good explanation of the benefits offered by ensuring \s-1ELF\s0
+symbols have the correct visibility is given by \*(L"How To Write
+Shared Libraries\*(R" by Ulrich Drepper (which can be found at
+<\fBhttp://people.redhat.com/~drepper/\fR>)\-\-\-however a superior
+solution made possible by this option to marking things hidden when
+the default is public is to make the default hidden and mark things
+public.  This is the norm with \s-1DLL\s0's on Windows and with \fB\-fvisibility=hidden\fR
+and \f(CW\*(C`_\|_attribute_\|_ ((visibility("default")))\*(C'\fR instead of
+\&\f(CW\*(C`_\|_declspec(dllexport)\*(C'\fR you get almost identical semantics with
+identical syntax.  This is a great boon to those working with
+cross-platform projects.
+.Sp
+For those adding visibility support to existing code, you may find
+\&\fB#pragma \s-1GCC\s0 visibility\fR of use.  This works by you enclosing
+the declarations you wish to set visibility for with (for example)
+\&\fB#pragma \s-1GCC\s0 visibility push(hidden)\fR and
+\&\fB#pragma \s-1GCC\s0 visibility pop\fR.
+Bear in mind that symbol visibility should be viewed \fBas
+part of the \s-1API\s0 interface contract\fR and thus all new code should
+always specify visibility when it is not the default ie; declarations
+only for use within the local \s-1DSO\s0 should \fBalways\fR be marked explicitly
+as hidden as so to avoid \s-1PLT\s0 indirection overheads\-\-\-making this
+abundantly clear also aids readability and self-documentation of the code.
+Note that due to \s-1ISO\s0 \*(C+ specification requirements, operator new and
+operator delete must always be of default visibility.
+.Sp
+Be aware that headers from outside your project, in particular system
+headers and headers from any other library you use, may not be
+expecting to be compiled with visibility other than the default.  You
+may need to explicitly say \fB#pragma \s-1GCC\s0 visibility push(default)\fR
+before including any such headers.
+.Sp
+\&\fBextern\fR declarations are not affected by \fB\-fvisibility\fR, so
+a lot of code can be recompiled with \fB\-fvisibility=hidden\fR with
+no modifications.  However, this means that calls to \fBextern\fR
+functions with no explicit visibility will use the \s-1PLT\s0, so it is more
+effective to use \fB_\|_attribute ((visibility))\fR and/or
+\&\fB#pragma \s-1GCC\s0 visibility\fR to tell the compiler which \fBextern\fR
+declarations should be treated as hidden.
+.Sp
+Note that \fB\-fvisibility\fR does affect \*(C+ vague linkage
+entities. This means that, for instance, an exception class that will
+be thrown between DSOs must be explicitly marked with default
+visibility so that the \fBtype_info\fR nodes will be unified between
+the DSOs.
+.Sp
+An overview of these techniques, their benefits and how to use them
+is at <\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Visibility\fR>.
+.SH "ENVIRONMENT"
+.IX Header "ENVIRONMENT"
+This section describes several environment variables that affect how \s-1GCC\s0
+operates.  Some of them work by specifying directories or prefixes to use
+when searching for various kinds of files.  Some are used to specify other
+aspects of the compilation environment.
+.PP
+Note that you can also specify places to search using options such as
+\&\fB\-B\fR, \fB\-I\fR and \fB\-L\fR.  These
+take precedence over places specified using environment variables, which
+in turn take precedence over those specified by the configuration of \s-1GCC\s0.
+.IP "\fB\s-1LANG\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "LANG"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fB\s-1LC_CTYPE\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "LC_CTYPE"
+.IP "\fB\s-1LC_MESSAGES\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "LC_MESSAGES"
+.IP "\fB\s-1LC_ALL\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "LC_ALL"
+.PD
+These environment variables control the way that \s-1GCC\s0 uses
+localization information that allow \s-1GCC\s0 to work with different
+national conventions.  \s-1GCC\s0 inspects the locale categories
+\&\fB\s-1LC_CTYPE\s0\fR and \fB\s-1LC_MESSAGES\s0\fR if it has been configured to do
+so.  These locale categories can be set to any value supported by your
+installation.  A typical value is \fBen_GB.UTF\-8\fR for English in the United
+Kingdom encoded in \s-1UTF\-8\s0.
+.Sp
+The \fB\s-1LC_CTYPE\s0\fR environment variable specifies character
+classification.  \s-1GCC\s0 uses it to determine the character boundaries in
+a string; this is needed for some multibyte encodings that contain quote
+and escape characters that would otherwise be interpreted as a string
+end or escape.
+.Sp
+The \fB\s-1LC_MESSAGES\s0\fR environment variable specifies the language to
+use in diagnostic messages.
+.Sp
+If the \fB\s-1LC_ALL\s0\fR environment variable is set, it overrides the value
+of \fB\s-1LC_CTYPE\s0\fR and \fB\s-1LC_MESSAGES\s0\fR; otherwise, \fB\s-1LC_CTYPE\s0\fR
+and \fB\s-1LC_MESSAGES\s0\fR default to the value of the \fB\s-1LANG\s0\fR
+environment variable.  If none of these variables are set, \s-1GCC\s0
+defaults to traditional C English behavior.
+.IP "\fB\s-1TMPDIR\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "TMPDIR"
+If \fB\s-1TMPDIR\s0\fR is set, it specifies the directory to use for temporary
+files.  \s-1GCC\s0 uses temporary files to hold the output of one stage of
+compilation which is to be used as input to the next stage: for example,
+the output of the preprocessor, which is the input to the compiler
+proper.
+.IP "\fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "GCC_EXEC_PREFIX"
+If \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR is set, it specifies a prefix to use in the
+names of the subprograms executed by the compiler.  No slash is added
+when this prefix is combined with the name of a subprogram, but you can
+specify a prefix that ends with a slash if you wish.
+.Sp
+If \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR is not set, \s-1GCC\s0 will attempt to figure out
+an appropriate prefix to use based on the pathname it was invoked with.
+.Sp
+If \s-1GCC\s0 cannot find the subprogram using the specified prefix, it
+tries looking in the usual places for the subprogram.
+.Sp
+The default value of \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR is
+\&\fI\fIprefix\fI/lib/gcc/\fR where \fIprefix\fR is the prefix to
+the installed compiler. In many cases \fIprefix\fR is the value
+of \f(CW\*(C`prefix\*(C'\fR when you ran the \fIconfigure\fR script.
+.Sp
+Other prefixes specified with \fB\-B\fR take precedence over this prefix.
+.Sp
+This prefix is also used for finding files such as \fIcrt0.o\fR that are
+used for linking.
+.Sp
+In addition, the prefix is used in an unusual way in finding the
+directories to search for header files.  For each of the standard
+directories whose name normally begins with \fB/usr/local/lib/gcc\fR
+(more precisely, with the value of \fB\s-1GCC_INCLUDE_DIR\s0\fR), \s-1GCC\s0 tries
+replacing that beginning with the specified prefix to produce an
+alternate directory name.  Thus, with \fB\-Bfoo/\fR, \s-1GCC\s0 will search
+\&\fIfoo/bar\fR where it would normally search \fI/usr/local/lib/bar\fR.
+These alternate directories are searched first; the standard directories
+come next. If a standard directory begins with the configured
+\&\fIprefix\fR then the value of \fIprefix\fR is replaced by
+\&\fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR when looking for header files.
+.IP "\fB\s-1COMPILER_PATH\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "COMPILER_PATH"
+The value of \fB\s-1COMPILER_PATH\s0\fR is a colon-separated list of
+directories, much like \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR.  \s-1GCC\s0 tries the directories thus
+specified when searching for subprograms, if it can't find the
+subprograms using \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR.
+.IP "\fB\s-1LIBRARY_PATH\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "LIBRARY_PATH"
+The value of \fB\s-1LIBRARY_PATH\s0\fR is a colon-separated list of
+directories, much like \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR.  When configured as a native compiler,
+\&\s-1GCC\s0 tries the directories thus specified when searching for special
+linker files, if it can't find them using \fB\s-1GCC_EXEC_PREFIX\s0\fR.  Linking
+using \s-1GCC\s0 also uses these directories when searching for ordinary
+libraries for the \fB\-l\fR option (but directories specified with
+\&\fB\-L\fR come first).
+.IP "\fB\s-1LANG\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "LANG"
+This variable is used to pass locale information to the compiler.  One way in
+which this information is used is to determine the character set to be used
+when character literals, string literals and comments are parsed in C and \*(C+.
+When the compiler is configured to allow multibyte characters,
+the following values for \fB\s-1LANG\s0\fR are recognized:
+.RS 4
+.IP "\fBC\-JIS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "C-JIS"
+Recognize \s-1JIS\s0 characters.
+.IP "\fBC\-SJIS\fR" 4
+.IX Item "C-SJIS"
+Recognize \s-1SJIS\s0 characters.
+.IP "\fBC\-EUCJP\fR" 4
+.IX Item "C-EUCJP"
+Recognize \s-1EUCJP\s0 characters.
+.RE
+.RS 4
+.Sp
+If \fB\s-1LANG\s0\fR is not defined, or if it has some other value, then the
+compiler will use mblen and mbtowc as defined by the default locale to
+recognize and translate multibyte characters.
+.RE
+.PP
+Some additional environments variables affect the behavior of the
+preprocessor.
+.IP "\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "CPATH"
+.PD 0
+.IP "\fBC_INCLUDE_PATH\fR" 4
+.IX Item "C_INCLUDE_PATH"
+.IP "\fB\s-1CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH"
+.IP "\fB\s-1OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH"
+.PD
+Each variable's value is a list of directories separated by a special
+character, much like \fB\s-1PATH\s0\fR, in which to look for header files.
+The special character, \f(CW\*(C`PATH_SEPARATOR\*(C'\fR, is target-dependent and
+determined at \s-1GCC\s0 build time.  For Microsoft Windows-based targets it is a
+semicolon, and for almost all other targets it is a colon.
+.Sp
+\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR specifies a list of directories to be searched as if
+specified with \fB\-I\fR, but after any paths given with \fB\-I\fR
+options on the command line.  This environment variable is used
+regardless of which language is being preprocessed.
+.Sp
+The remaining environment variables apply only when preprocessing the
+particular language indicated.  Each specifies a list of directories
+to be searched as if specified with \fB\-isystem\fR, but after any
+paths given with \fB\-isystem\fR options on the command line.
+.Sp
+In all these variables, an empty element instructs the compiler to
+search its current working directory.  Empty elements can appear at the
+beginning or end of a path.  For instance, if the value of
+\&\fB\s-1CPATH\s0\fR is \f(CW\*(C`:/special/include\*(C'\fR, that has the same
+effect as \fB\-I.\ \-I/special/include\fR.
+.IP "\fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT"
+If this variable is set, its value specifies how to output
+dependencies for Make based on the non-system header files processed
+by the compiler.  System header files are ignored in the dependency
+output.
+.Sp
+The value of \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR can be just a file name, in
+which case the Make rules are written to that file, guessing the target
+name from the source file name.  Or the value can have the form
+\&\fIfile\fR\fB \fR\fItarget\fR, in which case the rules are written to
+file \fIfile\fR using \fItarget\fR as the target name.
+.Sp
+In other words, this environment variable is equivalent to combining
+the options \fB\-MM\fR and \fB\-MF\fR,
+with an optional \fB\-MT\fR switch too.
+.IP "\fB\s-1SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES\s0\fR" 4
+.IX Item "SUNPRO_DEPENDENCIES"
+This variable is the same as \fB\s-1DEPENDENCIES_OUTPUT\s0\fR (see above),
+except that system header files are not ignored, so it implies
+\&\fB\-M\fR rather than \fB\-MM\fR.  However, the dependence on the
+main input file is omitted.
+.SH "BUGS"
+.IX Header "BUGS"
+For instructions on reporting bugs, see
+<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/bugs.html\fR>.
+.SH "FOOTNOTES"
+.IX Header "FOOTNOTES"
+.IP "1." 4
+On some systems, \fBgcc \-shared\fR
+needs to build supplementary stub code for constructors to work.  On
+multi-libbed systems, \fBgcc \-shared\fR must select the correct support
+libraries to link against.  Failing to supply the correct flags may lead
+to subtle defects.  Supplying them in cases where they are not necessary
+is innocuous.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
+\&\fIgpl\fR\|(7), \fIgfdl\fR\|(7), \fIfsf\-funding\fR\|(7),
+\&\fIcpp\fR\|(1), \fIgcov\fR\|(1), \fIas\fR\|(1), \fIld\fR\|(1), \fIgdb\fR\|(1), \fIadb\fR\|(1), \fIdbx\fR\|(1), \fIsdb\fR\|(1)
+and the Info entries for \fIgcc\fR, \fIcpp\fR, \fIas\fR,
+\&\fIld\fR, \fIbinutils\fR and \fIgdb\fR.
+.SH "AUTHOR"
+.IX Header "AUTHOR"
+See the Info entry for \fBgcc\fR, or
+<\fBhttp://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Contributors.html\fR>,
+for contributors to \s-1GCC\s0.
+.SH "COPYRIGHT"
+.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
+Copyright (c) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998,
+1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+.PP
+Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
+under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or
+any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
+Invariant Sections being \*(L"\s-1GNU\s0 General Public License\*(R" and \*(L"Funding
+Free Software\*(R", the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
+the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below).  A copy of the license is
+included in the \fIgfdl\fR\|(7) man page.
+.PP
+(a) The \s-1FSF\s0's Front-Cover Text is:
+.PP
+.Vb 1
+\&     A GNU Manual
+.Ve
+.PP
+(b) The \s-1FSF\s0's Back-Cover Text is:
+.PP
+.Vb 3
+\&     You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
+\&     software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
+\&     funds for GNU development.
+.Ve
+.SH "POD ERRORS"
+.IX Header "POD ERRORS"
+Hey! \fBThe above document had some coding errors, which are explained below:\fR
+.IP "Around line 8714:" 4
+.IX Item "Around line 8714:"
+You can't have =items (as at line 8727) unless the first thing after the =over is an =item