--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/zlib/examples/gzappend.c	Sun Feb 07 18:27:48 2010 +0900
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
+/* gzappend -- command to append to a gzip file
+
+  Copyright (C) 2003 Mark Adler, all rights reserved
+  version 1.1, 4 Nov 2003
+
+  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+  warranty.  In no event will the author be held liable for any damages
+  arising from the use of this software.
+
+  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+  freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+     appreciated but is not required.
+  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+     misrepresented as being the original software.
+  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+
+  Mark Adler    madler@alumni.caltech.edu
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Change history:
+ *
+ * 1.0  19 Oct 2003     - First version
+ * 1.1   4 Nov 2003     - Expand and clarify some comments and notes
+ *                      - Add version and copyright to help
+ *                      - Send help to stdout instead of stderr
+ *                      - Add some preemptive typecasts
+ *                      - Add L to constants in lseek() calls
+ *                      - Remove some debugging information in error messages
+ *                      - Use new data_type definition for zlib 1.2.1
+ *                      - Simplfy and unify file operations
+ *                      - Finish off gzip file in gztack()
+ *                      - Use deflatePrime() instead of adding empty blocks
+ *                      - Keep gzip file clean on appended file read errors
+ *                      - Use in-place rotate instead of auxiliary buffer
+ *                        (Why you ask?  Because it was fun to write!)
+ */
+
+/*
+   gzappend takes a gzip file and appends to it, compressing files from the
+   command line or data from stdin.  The gzip file is written to directly, to
+   avoid copying that file, in case it's large.  Note that this results in the
+   unfriendly behavior that if gzappend fails, the gzip file is corrupted.
+
+   This program was written to illustrate the use of the new Z_BLOCK option of
+   zlib 1.2.x's inflate() function.  This option returns from inflate() at each
+   block boundary to facilitate locating and modifying the last block bit at
+   the start of the final deflate block.  Also whether using Z_BLOCK or not,
+   another required feature of zlib 1.2.x is that inflate() now provides the
+   number of unusued bits in the last input byte used.  gzappend will not work
+   with versions of zlib earlier than 1.2.1.
+
+   gzappend first decompresses the gzip file internally, discarding all but
+   the last 32K of uncompressed data, and noting the location of the last block
+   bit and the number of unused bits in the last byte of the compressed data.
+   The gzip trailer containing the CRC-32 and length of the uncompressed data
+   is verified.  This trailer will be later overwritten.
+
+   Then the last block bit is cleared by seeking back in the file and rewriting
+   the byte that contains it.  Seeking forward, the last byte of the compressed
+   data is saved along with the number of unused bits to initialize deflate.
+
+   A deflate process is initialized, using the last 32K of the uncompressed
+   data from the gzip file to initialize the dictionary.  If the total
+   uncompressed data was less than 32K, then all of it is used to initialize
+   the dictionary.  The deflate output bit buffer is also initialized with the
+   last bits from the original deflate stream.  From here on, the data to
+   append is simply compressed using deflate, and written to the gzip file.
+   When that is complete, the new CRC-32 and uncompressed length are written
+   as the trailer of the gzip file.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "zlib.h"
+
+#define local static
+#define LGCHUNK 14
+#define CHUNK (1U << LGCHUNK)
+#define DSIZE 32768U
+
+/* print an error message and terminate with extreme prejudice */
+local void bye(char *msg1, char *msg2)
+{
+    fprintf(stderr, "gzappend error: %s%s\n", msg1, msg2);
+    exit(1);
+}
+
+/* return the greatest common divisor of a and b using Euclid's algorithm,
+   modified to be fast when one argument much greater than the other, and
+   coded to avoid unnecessary swapping */
+local unsigned gcd(unsigned a, unsigned b)
+{
+    unsigned c;
+
+    while (a && b)
+        if (a > b) {
+            c = b;
+            while (a - c >= c)
+                c <<= 1;
+            a -= c;
+        }
+        else {
+            c = a;
+            while (b - c >= c)
+                c <<= 1;
+            b -= c;
+        }
+    return a + b;
+}
+
+/* rotate list[0..len-1] left by rot positions, in place */
+local void rotate(unsigned char *list, unsigned len, unsigned rot)
+{
+    unsigned char tmp;
+    unsigned cycles;
+    unsigned char *start, *last, *to, *from;
+
+    /* normalize rot and handle degenerate cases */
+    if (len < 2) return;
+    if (rot >= len) rot %= len;
+    if (rot == 0) return;
+
+    /* pointer to last entry in list */
+    last = list + (len - 1);
+
+    /* do simple left shift by one */
+    if (rot == 1) {
+        tmp = *list;
+        memcpy(list, list + 1, len - 1);
+        *last = tmp;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* do simple right shift by one */
+    if (rot == len - 1) {
+        tmp = *last;
+        memmove(list + 1, list, len - 1);
+        *list = tmp;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* otherwise do rotate as a set of cycles in place */
+    cycles = gcd(len, rot);             /* number of cycles */
+    do {
+        start = from = list + cycles;   /* start index is arbitrary */
+        tmp = *from;                    /* save entry to be overwritten */
+        for (;;) {
+            to = from;                  /* next step in cycle */
+            from += rot;                /* go right rot positions */
+            if (from > last) from -= len;   /* (pointer better not wrap) */
+            if (from == start) break;   /* all but one shifted */
+            *to = *from;                /* shift left */
+        }
+        *to = tmp;                      /* complete the circle */
+    } while (--cycles);
+}
+
+/* structure for gzip file read operations */
+typedef struct {
+    int fd;                     /* file descriptor */
+    int size;                   /* 1 << size is bytes in buf */
+    unsigned left;              /* bytes available at next */
+    unsigned char *buf;         /* buffer */
+    unsigned char *next;        /* next byte in buffer */
+    char *name;                 /* file name for error messages */
+} file;
+
+/* reload buffer */
+local int readin(file *in)
+{
+    int len;
+
+    len = read(in->fd, in->buf, 1 << in->size);
+    if (len == -1) bye("error reading ", in->name);
+    in->left = (unsigned)len;
+    in->next = in->buf;
+    return len;
+}
+
+/* read from file in, exit if end-of-file */
+local int readmore(file *in)
+{
+    if (readin(in) == 0) bye("unexpected end of ", in->name);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#define read1(in) (in->left == 0 ? readmore(in) : 0, \
+                   in->left--, *(in->next)++)
+
+/* skip over n bytes of in */
+local void skip(file *in, unsigned n)
+{
+    unsigned bypass;
+
+    if (n > in->left) {
+        n -= in->left;
+        bypass = n & ~((1U << in->size) - 1);
+        if (bypass) {
+            if (lseek(in->fd, (off_t)bypass, SEEK_CUR) == -1)
+                bye("seeking ", in->name);
+            n -= bypass;
+        }
+        readmore(in);
+        if (n > in->left)
+            bye("unexpected end of ", in->name);
+    }
+    in->left -= n;
+    in->next += n;
+}
+
+/* read a four-byte unsigned integer, little-endian, from in */
+unsigned long read4(file *in)
+{
+    unsigned long val;
+
+    val = read1(in);
+    val += (unsigned)read1(in) << 8;
+    val += (unsigned long)read1(in) << 16;
+    val += (unsigned long)read1(in) << 24;
+    return val;
+}
+
+/* skip over gzip header */
+local void gzheader(file *in)
+{
+    int flags;
+    unsigned n;
+
+    if (read1(in) != 31 || read1(in) != 139) bye(in->name, " not a gzip file");
+    if (read1(in) != 8) bye("unknown compression method in", in->name);
+    flags = read1(in);
+    if (flags & 0xe0) bye("unknown header flags set in", in->name);
+    skip(in, 6);
+    if (flags & 4) {
+        n = read1(in);
+        n += (unsigned)(read1(in)) << 8;
+        skip(in, n);
+    }
+    if (flags & 8) while (read1(in) != 0) ;
+    if (flags & 16) while (read1(in) != 0) ;
+    if (flags & 2) skip(in, 2);
+}
+
+/* decompress gzip file "name", return strm with a deflate stream ready to
+   continue compression of the data in the gzip file, and return a file
+   descriptor pointing to where to write the compressed data -- the deflate
+   stream is initialized to compress using level "level" */
+local int gzscan(char *name, z_stream *strm, int level)
+{
+    int ret, lastbit, left, full;
+    unsigned have;
+    unsigned long crc, tot;
+    unsigned char *window;
+    off_t lastoff, end;
+    file gz;
+
+    /* open gzip file */
+    gz.name = name;
+    gz.fd = open(name, O_RDWR, 0);
+    if (gz.fd == -1) bye("cannot open ", name);
+    gz.buf = malloc(CHUNK);
+    if (gz.buf == NULL) bye("out of memory", "");
+    gz.size = LGCHUNK;
+    gz.left = 0;
+
+    /* skip gzip header */
+    gzheader(&gz);
+
+    /* prepare to decompress */
+    window = malloc(DSIZE);
+    if (window == NULL) bye("out of memory", "");
+    strm->zalloc = Z_NULL;
+    strm->zfree = Z_NULL;
+    strm->opaque = Z_NULL;
+    ret = inflateInit2(strm, -15);
+    if (ret != Z_OK) bye("out of memory", " or library mismatch");
+
+    /* decompress the deflate stream, saving append information */
+    lastbit = 0;
+    lastoff = lseek(gz.fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) - gz.left;
+    left = 0;
+    strm->avail_in = gz.left;
+    strm->next_in = gz.next;
+    crc = crc32(0L, Z_NULL, 0);
+    have = full = 0;
+    do {
+        /* if needed, get more input */
+        if (strm->avail_in == 0) {
+            readmore(&gz);
+            strm->avail_in = gz.left;
+            strm->next_in = gz.next;
+        }
+
+        /* set up output to next available section of sliding window */
+        strm->avail_out = DSIZE - have;
+        strm->next_out = window + have;
+
+        /* inflate and check for errors */
+        ret = inflate(strm, Z_BLOCK);
+        if (ret == Z_STREAM_ERROR) bye("internal stream error!", "");
+        if (ret == Z_MEM_ERROR) bye("out of memory", "");
+        if (ret == Z_DATA_ERROR)
+            bye("invalid compressed data--format violated in", name);
+
+        /* update crc and sliding window pointer */
+        crc = crc32(crc, window + have, DSIZE - have - strm->avail_out);
+        if (strm->avail_out)
+            have = DSIZE - strm->avail_out;
+        else {
+            have = 0;
+            full = 1;
+        }
+
+        /* process end of block */
+        if (strm->data_type & 128) {
+            if (strm->data_type & 64)
+                left = strm->data_type & 0x1f;
+            else {
+                lastbit = strm->data_type & 0x1f;
+                lastoff = lseek(gz.fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) - strm->avail_in;
+            }
+        }
+    } while (ret != Z_STREAM_END);
+    inflateEnd(strm);
+    gz.left = strm->avail_in;
+    gz.next = strm->next_in;
+
+    /* save the location of the end of the compressed data */
+    end = lseek(gz.fd, 0L, SEEK_CUR) - gz.left;
+
+    /* check gzip trailer and save total for deflate */
+    if (crc != read4(&gz))
+        bye("invalid compressed data--crc mismatch in ", name);
+    tot = strm->total_out;
+    if ((tot & 0xffffffffUL) != read4(&gz))
+        bye("invalid compressed data--length mismatch in", name);
+
+    /* if not at end of file, warn */
+    if (gz.left || readin(&gz))
+        fprintf(stderr,
+            "gzappend warning: junk at end of gzip file overwritten\n");
+
+    /* clear last block bit */
+    lseek(gz.fd, lastoff - (lastbit != 0), SEEK_SET);
+    if (read(gz.fd, gz.buf, 1) != 1) bye("reading after seek on ", name);
+    *gz.buf = (unsigned char)(*gz.buf ^ (1 << ((8 - lastbit) & 7)));
+    lseek(gz.fd, -1L, SEEK_CUR);
+    if (write(gz.fd, gz.buf, 1) != 1) bye("writing after seek to ", name);
+
+    /* if window wrapped, build dictionary from window by rotating */
+    if (full) {
+        rotate(window, DSIZE, have);
+        have = DSIZE;
+    }
+
+    /* set up deflate stream with window, crc, total_in, and leftover bits */
+    ret = deflateInit2(strm, level, Z_DEFLATED, -15, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+    if (ret != Z_OK) bye("out of memory", "");
+    deflateSetDictionary(strm, window, have);
+    strm->adler = crc;
+    strm->total_in = tot;
+    if (left) {
+        lseek(gz.fd, --end, SEEK_SET);
+        if (read(gz.fd, gz.buf, 1) != 1) bye("reading after seek on ", name);
+        deflatePrime(strm, 8 - left, *gz.buf);
+    }
+    lseek(gz.fd, end, SEEK_SET);
+
+    /* clean up and return */
+    free(window);
+    free(gz.buf);
+    return gz.fd;
+}
+
+/* append file "name" to gzip file gd using deflate stream strm -- if last
+   is true, then finish off the deflate stream at the end */
+local void gztack(char *name, int gd, z_stream *strm, int last)
+{
+    int fd, len, ret;
+    unsigned left;
+    unsigned char *in, *out;
+
+    /* open file to compress and append */
+    fd = 0;
+    if (name != NULL) {
+        fd = open(name, O_RDONLY, 0);
+        if (fd == -1)
+            fprintf(stderr, "gzappend warning: %s not found, skipping ...\n",
+                    name);
+    }
+
+    /* allocate buffers */
+    in = fd == -1 ? NULL : malloc(CHUNK);
+    out = malloc(CHUNK);
+    if (out == NULL) bye("out of memory", "");
+
+    /* compress input file and append to gzip file */
+    do {
+        /* get more input */
+        len = fd == -1 ? 0 : read(fd, in, CHUNK);
+        if (len == -1) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "gzappend warning: error reading %s, skipping rest ...\n",
+                    name);
+            len = 0;
+        }
+        strm->avail_in = (unsigned)len;
+        strm->next_in = in;
+        if (len) strm->adler = crc32(strm->adler, in, (unsigned)len);
+
+        /* compress and write all available output */
+        do {
+            strm->avail_out = CHUNK;
+            strm->next_out = out;
+            ret = deflate(strm, last && len == 0 ? Z_FINISH : Z_NO_FLUSH);
+            left = CHUNK - strm->avail_out;
+            while (left) {
+                len = write(gd, out + CHUNK - strm->avail_out - left, left);
+                if (len == -1) bye("writing gzip file", "");
+                left -= (unsigned)len;
+            }
+        } while (strm->avail_out == 0 && ret != Z_STREAM_END);
+    } while (len != 0);
+
+    /* write trailer after last entry */
+    if (last) {
+        deflateEnd(strm);
+        out[0] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler);
+        out[1] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler >> 8);
+        out[2] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler >> 16);
+        out[3] = (unsigned char)(strm->adler >> 24);
+        out[4] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in);
+        out[5] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in >> 8);
+        out[6] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in >> 16);
+        out[7] = (unsigned char)(strm->total_in >> 24);
+        len = 8;
+        do {
+            ret = write(gd, out + 8 - len, len);
+            if (ret == -1) bye("writing gzip file", "");
+            len -= ret;
+        } while (len);
+        close(gd);
+    }
+
+    /* clean up and return */
+    free(out);
+    if (in != NULL) free(in);
+    if (fd > 0) close(fd);
+}
+
+/* process the compression level option if present, scan the gzip file, and
+   append the specified files, or append the data from stdin if no other file
+   names are provided on the command line -- the gzip file must be writable
+   and seekable */
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    int gd, level;
+    z_stream strm;
+
+    /* ignore command name */
+    argv++;
+
+    /* provide usage if no arguments */
+    if (*argv == NULL) {
+        printf("gzappend 1.1 (4 Nov 2003) Copyright (C) 2003 Mark Adler\n");
+        printf(
+            "usage: gzappend [-level] file.gz [ addthis [ andthis ... ]]\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* set compression level */
+    level = Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION;
+    if (argv[0][0] == '-') {
+        if (argv[0][1] < '0' || argv[0][1] > '9' || argv[0][2] != 0)
+            bye("invalid compression level", "");
+        level = argv[0][1] - '0';
+        if (*++argv == NULL) bye("no gzip file name after options", "");
+    }
+
+    /* prepare to append to gzip file */
+    gd = gzscan(*argv++, &strm, level);
+
+    /* append files on command line, or from stdin if none */
+    if (*argv == NULL)
+        gztack(NULL, gd, &strm, 1);
+    else
+        do {
+            gztack(*argv, gd, &strm, argv[1] == NULL);
+        } while (*++argv != NULL);
+    return 0;
+}