Mercurial > hg > CbC > CbC_gcc
view libphobos/src/std/traits.d @ 145:1830386684a0
gcc-9.2.0
| author | anatofuz |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 13 Feb 2020 11:34:05 +0900 |
| parents | |
| children |
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// Written in the D programming language. /** * Templates which extract information about types and symbols at compile time. * * $(SCRIPT inhibitQuickIndex = 1;) * * $(DIVC quickindex, * $(BOOKTABLE , * $(TR $(TH Category) $(TH Templates)) * $(TR $(TD Symbol Name _traits) $(TD * $(LREF fullyQualifiedName) * $(LREF moduleName) * $(LREF packageName) * )) * $(TR $(TD Function _traits) $(TD * $(LREF isFunction) * $(LREF arity) * $(LREF functionAttributes) * $(LREF hasFunctionAttributes) * $(LREF functionLinkage) * $(LREF FunctionTypeOf) * $(LREF isSafe) * $(LREF isUnsafe) * $(LREF isFinal) * $(LREF ParameterDefaults) * $(LREF ParameterIdentifierTuple) * $(LREF ParameterStorageClassTuple) * $(LREF Parameters) * $(LREF ReturnType) * $(LREF SetFunctionAttributes) * $(LREF variadicFunctionStyle) * )) * $(TR $(TD Aggregate Type _traits) $(TD * $(LREF BaseClassesTuple) * $(LREF BaseTypeTuple) * $(LREF classInstanceAlignment) * $(LREF EnumMembers) * $(LREF FieldNameTuple) * $(LREF Fields) * $(LREF hasAliasing) * $(LREF hasElaborateAssign) * $(LREF hasElaborateCopyConstructor) * $(LREF hasElaborateDestructor) * $(LREF hasIndirections) * $(LREF hasMember) * $(LREF hasStaticMember) * $(LREF hasNested) * $(LREF hasUnsharedAliasing) * $(LREF InterfacesTuple) * $(LREF isInnerClass) * $(LREF isNested) * $(LREF MemberFunctionsTuple) * $(LREF RepresentationTypeTuple) * $(LREF TemplateArgsOf) * $(LREF TemplateOf) * $(LREF TransitiveBaseTypeTuple) * )) * $(TR $(TD Type Conversion) $(TD * $(LREF CommonType) * $(LREF ImplicitConversionTargets) * $(LREF CopyTypeQualifiers) * $(LREF CopyConstness) * $(LREF isAssignable) * $(LREF isCovariantWith) * $(LREF isImplicitlyConvertible) * )) * $(TR $(TD SomethingTypeOf) $(TD * $(LREF rvalueOf) * $(LREF lvalueOf) * $(LREF InoutOf) * $(LREF ConstOf) * $(LREF SharedOf) * $(LREF SharedInoutOf) * $(LREF SharedConstOf) * $(LREF ImmutableOf) * $(LREF QualifierOf) * )) * $(TR $(TD Categories of types) $(TD * $(LREF allSameType) * $(LREF ifTestable) * $(LREF isType) * $(LREF isAggregateType) * $(LREF isArray) * $(LREF isAssociativeArray) * $(LREF isAutodecodableString) * $(LREF isBasicType) * $(LREF isBoolean) * $(LREF isBuiltinType) * $(LREF isCopyable) * $(LREF isDynamicArray) * $(LREF isEqualityComparable) * $(LREF isFloatingPoint) * $(LREF isIntegral) * $(LREF isNarrowString) * $(LREF isConvertibleToString) * $(LREF isNumeric) * $(LREF isOrderingComparable) * $(LREF isPointer) * $(LREF isScalarType) * $(LREF isSigned) * $(LREF isSIMDVector) * $(LREF isSomeChar) * $(LREF isSomeString) * $(LREF isStaticArray) * $(LREF isUnsigned) * )) * $(TR $(TD Type behaviours) $(TD * $(LREF isAbstractClass) * $(LREF isAbstractFunction) * $(LREF isCallable) * $(LREF isDelegate) * $(LREF isExpressions) * $(LREF isFinalClass) * $(LREF isFinalFunction) * $(LREF isFunctionPointer) * $(LREF isInstanceOf) * $(LREF isIterable) * $(LREF isMutable) * $(LREF isSomeFunction) * $(LREF isTypeTuple) * )) * $(TR $(TD General Types) $(TD * $(LREF ForeachType) * $(LREF KeyType) * $(LREF Largest) * $(LREF mostNegative) * $(LREF OriginalType) * $(LREF PointerTarget) * $(LREF Signed) * $(LREF Unqual) * $(LREF Unsigned) * $(LREF ValueType) * $(LREF Promoted) * )) * $(TR $(TD Misc) $(TD * $(LREF mangledName) * $(LREF Select) * $(LREF select) * )) * $(TR $(TD User-Defined Attributes) $(TD * $(LREF hasUDA) * $(LREF getUDAs) * $(LREF getSymbolsByUDA) * )) * ) * ) * * Copyright: Copyright Digital Mars 2005 - 2009. * License: $(HTTP www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0). * Authors: $(HTTP digitalmars.com, Walter Bright), * Tomasz Stachowiak ($(D isExpressions)), * $(HTTP erdani.org, Andrei Alexandrescu), * Shin Fujishiro, * $(HTTP octarineparrot.com, Robert Clipsham), * $(HTTP klickverbot.at, David Nadlinger), * Kenji Hara, * Shoichi Kato * Source: $(PHOBOSSRC std/_traits.d) */ /* Copyright Digital Mars 2005 - 2009. * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. * (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at * http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) */ module std.traits; import std.meta : AliasSeq, allSatisfy; import std.functional : unaryFun; // Legacy inheritance from std.typetuple // See also: https://github.com/dlang/phobos/pull/5484#discussion_r122602797 import std.meta : staticMapMeta = staticMap; // TODO: find a way to trigger deprecation warnings //deprecated("staticMap is part of std.meta: Please import std.meta") alias staticMap = staticMapMeta; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Functions /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Petit demangler // (this or similar thing will eventually go to std.demangle if necessary // ctfe stuffs are available) private { struct Demangle(T) { T value; // extracted information string rest; } /* Demangles mstr as the storage class part of Argument. */ Demangle!uint demangleParameterStorageClass(string mstr) { uint pstc = 0; // parameter storage class // Argument --> Argument2 | M Argument2 if (mstr.length > 0 && mstr[0] == 'M') { pstc |= ParameterStorageClass.scope_; mstr = mstr[1 .. $]; } // Argument2 --> Type | J Type | K Type | L Type ParameterStorageClass stc2; switch (mstr.length ? mstr[0] : char.init) { case 'J': stc2 = ParameterStorageClass.out_; break; case 'K': stc2 = ParameterStorageClass.ref_; break; case 'L': stc2 = ParameterStorageClass.lazy_; break; case 'N': if (mstr.length >= 2 && mstr[1] == 'k') stc2 = ParameterStorageClass.return_; break; default : break; } if (stc2 != ParameterStorageClass.init) { pstc |= stc2; mstr = mstr[1 .. $]; if (stc2 & ParameterStorageClass.return_) mstr = mstr[1 .. $]; } return Demangle!uint(pstc, mstr); } /* Demangles mstr as FuncAttrs. */ Demangle!uint demangleFunctionAttributes(string mstr) { immutable LOOKUP_ATTRIBUTE = [ 'a': FunctionAttribute.pure_, 'b': FunctionAttribute.nothrow_, 'c': FunctionAttribute.ref_, 'd': FunctionAttribute.property, 'e': FunctionAttribute.trusted, 'f': FunctionAttribute.safe, 'i': FunctionAttribute.nogc, 'j': FunctionAttribute.return_, 'l': FunctionAttribute.scope_ ]; uint atts = 0; // FuncAttrs --> FuncAttr | FuncAttr FuncAttrs // FuncAttr --> empty | Na | Nb | Nc | Nd | Ne | Nf | Ni | Nj // except 'Ng' == inout, because it is a qualifier of function type while (mstr.length >= 2 && mstr[0] == 'N' && mstr[1] != 'g' && mstr[1] != 'k') { if (FunctionAttribute att = LOOKUP_ATTRIBUTE[ mstr[1] ]) { atts |= att; mstr = mstr[2 .. $]; } else assert(0); } return Demangle!uint(atts, mstr); } static if (is(ucent)) { alias CentTypeList = AliasSeq!(cent, ucent); alias SignedCentTypeList = AliasSeq!(cent); alias UnsignedCentTypeList = AliasSeq!(ucent); } else { alias CentTypeList = AliasSeq!(); alias SignedCentTypeList = AliasSeq!(); alias UnsignedCentTypeList = AliasSeq!(); } alias IntegralTypeList = AliasSeq!(byte, ubyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList); alias SignedIntTypeList = AliasSeq!(byte, short, int, long, SignedCentTypeList); alias UnsignedIntTypeList = AliasSeq!(ubyte, ushort, uint, ulong, UnsignedCentTypeList); alias FloatingPointTypeList = AliasSeq!(float, double, real); alias ImaginaryTypeList = AliasSeq!(ifloat, idouble, ireal); alias ComplexTypeList = AliasSeq!(cfloat, cdouble, creal); alias NumericTypeList = AliasSeq!(IntegralTypeList, FloatingPointTypeList); alias CharTypeList = AliasSeq!(char, wchar, dchar); } package { // Add the mutable qualifier to the given type T. template MutableOf(T) { alias MutableOf = T ; } } /// Add the inout qualifier to the given type T. template InoutOf(T) { alias InoutOf = inout(T) ; } /// Add the const qualifier to the given type T. template ConstOf(T) { alias ConstOf = const(T) ; } /// Add the shared qualifier to the given type T. template SharedOf(T) { alias SharedOf = shared(T) ; } /// Add the shared and inout qualifiers to the given type T. template SharedInoutOf(T) { alias SharedInoutOf = shared(inout(T)); } /// Add the shared and const qualifiers to the given type T. template SharedConstOf(T) { alias SharedConstOf = shared(const(T)); } /// Add the immutable qualifier to the given type T. template ImmutableOf(T) { alias ImmutableOf = immutable(T) ; } @safe unittest { static assert(is( MutableOf!int == int)); static assert(is( InoutOf!int == inout int)); static assert(is( ConstOf!int == const int)); static assert(is( SharedOf!int == shared int)); static assert(is(SharedInoutOf!int == shared inout int)); static assert(is(SharedConstOf!int == shared const int)); static assert(is( ImmutableOf!int == immutable int)); } /// Get qualifier template from the given type T template QualifierOf(T) { static if (is(T == shared(const U), U)) alias QualifierOf = SharedConstOf; else static if (is(T == const U , U)) alias QualifierOf = ConstOf; else static if (is(T == shared(inout U), U)) alias QualifierOf = SharedInoutOf; else static if (is(T == inout U , U)) alias QualifierOf = InoutOf; else static if (is(T == immutable U , U)) alias QualifierOf = ImmutableOf; else static if (is(T == shared U , U)) alias QualifierOf = SharedOf; else alias QualifierOf = MutableOf; } @safe unittest { alias Qual1 = QualifierOf!( int); static assert(is(Qual1!long == long)); alias Qual2 = QualifierOf!( inout int); static assert(is(Qual2!long == inout long)); alias Qual3 = QualifierOf!( const int); static assert(is(Qual3!long == const long)); alias Qual4 = QualifierOf!(shared int); static assert(is(Qual4!long == shared long)); alias Qual5 = QualifierOf!(shared inout int); static assert(is(Qual5!long == shared inout long)); alias Qual6 = QualifierOf!(shared const int); static assert(is(Qual6!long == shared const long)); alias Qual7 = QualifierOf!( immutable int); static assert(is(Qual7!long == immutable long)); } version (unittest) { alias TypeQualifierList = AliasSeq!(MutableOf, ConstOf, SharedOf, SharedConstOf, ImmutableOf); struct SubTypeOf(T) { T val; alias val this; } } private alias parentOf(alias sym) = Identity!(__traits(parent, sym)); private alias parentOf(alias sym : T!Args, alias T, Args...) = Identity!(__traits(parent, T)); /** * Get the full package name for the given symbol. */ template packageName(alias T) { import std.algorithm.searching : startsWith; static if (__traits(compiles, parentOf!T)) enum parent = packageName!(parentOf!T); else enum string parent = null; static if (T.stringof.startsWith("package ")) enum packageName = (parent.length ? parent ~ '.' : "") ~ T.stringof[8 .. $]; else static if (parent) enum packageName = parent; else static assert(false, T.stringof ~ " has no parent"); } /// @safe unittest { import std.traits; static assert(packageName!packageName == "std"); } @safe unittest { import std.array; // Commented out because of dmd @@@BUG8922@@@ // static assert(packageName!std == "std"); // this package (currently: "std.std") static assert(packageName!(std.traits) == "std"); // this module static assert(packageName!packageName == "std"); // symbol in this module static assert(packageName!(std.array) == "std"); // other module from same package import core.sync.barrier; // local import static assert(packageName!core == "core"); static assert(packageName!(core.sync) == "core.sync"); static assert(packageName!Barrier == "core.sync"); struct X12287(T) { T i; } static assert(packageName!(X12287!int.i) == "std"); } version (none) version (unittest) //Please uncomment me when changing packageName to test global imports { import core.sync.barrier; // global import static assert(packageName!core == "core"); static assert(packageName!(core.sync) == "core.sync"); static assert(packageName!Barrier == "core.sync"); } /** * Get the module name (including package) for the given symbol. */ template moduleName(alias T) { import std.algorithm.searching : startsWith; static assert(!T.stringof.startsWith("package "), "cannot get the module name for a package"); static if (T.stringof.startsWith("module ")) { static if (__traits(compiles, packageName!T)) enum packagePrefix = packageName!T ~ '.'; else enum packagePrefix = ""; enum moduleName = packagePrefix ~ T.stringof[7..$]; } else alias moduleName = moduleName!(parentOf!T); // If you use enum, it will cause compiler ICE } /// @safe unittest { import std.traits; static assert(moduleName!moduleName == "std.traits"); } @safe unittest { import std.array; static assert(!__traits(compiles, moduleName!std)); static assert(moduleName!(std.traits) == "std.traits"); // this module static assert(moduleName!moduleName == "std.traits"); // symbol in this module static assert(moduleName!(std.array) == "std.array"); // other module static assert(moduleName!(std.array.array) == "std.array"); // symbol in other module import core.sync.barrier; // local import static assert(!__traits(compiles, moduleName!(core.sync))); static assert(moduleName!(core.sync.barrier) == "core.sync.barrier"); static assert(moduleName!Barrier == "core.sync.barrier"); struct X12287(T) { T i; } static assert(moduleName!(X12287!int.i) == "std.traits"); } version (none) version (unittest) //Please uncomment me when changing moduleName to test global imports { import core.sync.barrier; // global import static assert(!__traits(compiles, moduleName!(core.sync))); static assert(moduleName!(core.sync.barrier) == "core.sync.barrier"); static assert(moduleName!Barrier == "core.sync.barrier"); } /*** * Get the fully qualified name of a type or a symbol. Can act as an intelligent type/symbol to string converter. Example: ----------------- module myModule; struct MyStruct {} static assert(fullyQualifiedName!(const MyStruct[]) == "const(myModule.MyStruct[])"); ----------------- */ template fullyQualifiedName(T...) if (T.length == 1) { static if (is(T)) enum fullyQualifiedName = fqnType!(T[0], false, false, false, false); else enum fullyQualifiedName = fqnSym!(T[0]); } /// @safe unittest { static assert(fullyQualifiedName!fullyQualifiedName == "std.traits.fullyQualifiedName"); } version (unittest) { // Used for both fqnType and fqnSym unittests private struct QualifiedNameTests { struct Inner { } ref const(Inner[string]) func( ref Inner var1, lazy scope string var2 ); ref const(Inner[string]) retfunc( return ref Inner var1 ); Inner inoutFunc(inout Inner) inout; shared(const(Inner[string])[]) data; const Inner delegate(double, string) @safe nothrow deleg; inout(int) delegate(inout int) inout inoutDeleg; Inner function(out double, string) funcPtr; extern(C) Inner function(double, string) cFuncPtr; extern(C) void cVarArg(int, ...); void dVarArg(...); void dVarArg2(int, ...); void typesafeVarArg(int[] ...); Inner[] array; Inner[16] sarray; Inner[Inner] aarray; const(Inner[const(Inner)]) qualAarray; shared(immutable(Inner) delegate(ref double, scope string) const shared @trusted nothrow) attrDeleg; struct Data(T) { int x; } void tfunc(T...)(T args) {} template Inst(alias A) { int x; } class Test12309(T, int x, string s) {} } private enum QualifiedEnum { a = 42 } } private template fqnSym(alias T : X!A, alias X, A...) { template fqnTuple(T...) { static if (T.length == 0) enum fqnTuple = ""; else static if (T.length == 1) { static if (isExpressionTuple!T) enum fqnTuple = T[0].stringof; else enum fqnTuple = fullyQualifiedName!(T[0]); } else enum fqnTuple = fqnTuple!(T[0]) ~ ", " ~ fqnTuple!(T[1 .. $]); } enum fqnSym = fqnSym!(__traits(parent, X)) ~ '.' ~ __traits(identifier, X) ~ "!(" ~ fqnTuple!A ~ ")"; } private template fqnSym(alias T) { static if (__traits(compiles, __traits(parent, T)) && !__traits(isSame, T, __traits(parent, T))) enum parentPrefix = fqnSym!(__traits(parent, T)) ~ "."; else enum parentPrefix = null; static string adjustIdent(string s) { import std.algorithm.searching : findSplit, skipOver; if (s.skipOver("package ") || s.skipOver("module ")) return s; return s.findSplit("(")[0]; } enum fqnSym = parentPrefix ~ adjustIdent(__traits(identifier, T)); } @safe unittest { alias fqn = fullyQualifiedName; // Make sure those 2 are the same static assert(fqnSym!fqn == fqn!fqn); static assert(fqn!fqn == "std.traits.fullyQualifiedName"); alias qnTests = QualifiedNameTests; enum prefix = "std.traits.QualifiedNameTests."; static assert(fqn!(qnTests.Inner) == prefix ~ "Inner"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.func) == prefix ~ "func"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.Data!int) == prefix ~ "Data!(int)"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.Data!int.x) == prefix ~ "Data!(int).x"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.tfunc!(int[])) == prefix ~ "tfunc!(int[])"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.Inst!(Object)) == prefix ~ "Inst!(object.Object)"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.Inst!(Object).x) == prefix ~ "Inst!(object.Object).x"); static assert(fqn!(qnTests.Test12309!(int, 10, "str")) == prefix ~ "Test12309!(int, 10, \"str\")"); import core.sync.barrier; static assert(fqn!Barrier == "core.sync.barrier.Barrier"); } @safe unittest { struct TemplatedStruct() { enum foo = 0; } alias TemplatedStructAlias = TemplatedStruct; assert("TemplatedStruct.foo" == fullyQualifiedName!(TemplatedStructAlias!().foo)); } private template fqnType(T, bool alreadyConst, bool alreadyImmutable, bool alreadyShared, bool alreadyInout) { import std.format : format; // Convenience tags enum { _const = 0, _immutable = 1, _shared = 2, _inout = 3 } alias qualifiers = AliasSeq!(is(T == const), is(T == immutable), is(T == shared), is(T == inout)); alias noQualifiers = AliasSeq!(false, false, false, false); string storageClassesString(uint psc)() @property { alias PSC = ParameterStorageClass; return format("%s%s%s%s%s", psc & PSC.scope_ ? "scope " : "", psc & PSC.return_ ? "return " : "", psc & PSC.out_ ? "out " : "", psc & PSC.ref_ ? "ref " : "", psc & PSC.lazy_ ? "lazy " : "" ); } string parametersTypeString(T)() @property { alias parameters = Parameters!(T); alias parameterStC = ParameterStorageClassTuple!(T); enum variadic = variadicFunctionStyle!T; static if (variadic == Variadic.no) enum variadicStr = ""; else static if (variadic == Variadic.c) enum variadicStr = ", ..."; else static if (variadic == Variadic.d) enum variadicStr = parameters.length ? ", ..." : "..."; else static if (variadic == Variadic.typesafe) enum variadicStr = " ..."; else static assert(0, "New variadic style has been added, please update fullyQualifiedName implementation"); static if (parameters.length) { import std.algorithm.iteration : map; import std.array : join; import std.meta : staticMap; import std.range : zip; string result = join( map!(a => format("%s%s", a[0], a[1]))( zip([staticMap!(storageClassesString, parameterStC)], [staticMap!(fullyQualifiedName, parameters)]) ), ", " ); return result ~= variadicStr; } else return variadicStr; } string linkageString(T)() @property { enum linkage = functionLinkage!T; if (linkage != "D") return format("extern(%s) ", linkage); else return ""; } string functionAttributeString(T)() @property { alias FA = FunctionAttribute; enum attrs = functionAttributes!T; static if (attrs == FA.none) return ""; else return format("%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s", attrs & FA.pure_ ? " pure" : "", attrs & FA.nothrow_ ? " nothrow" : "", attrs & FA.ref_ ? " ref" : "", attrs & FA.property ? " @property" : "", attrs & FA.trusted ? " @trusted" : "", attrs & FA.safe ? " @safe" : "", attrs & FA.nogc ? " @nogc" : "", attrs & FA.return_ ? " return" : "" ); } string addQualifiers(string typeString, bool addConst, bool addImmutable, bool addShared, bool addInout) { auto result = typeString; if (addShared) { result = format("shared(%s)", result); } if (addConst || addImmutable || addInout) { result = format("%s(%s)", addConst ? "const" : addImmutable ? "immutable" : "inout", result ); } return result; } // Convenience template to avoid copy-paste template chain(string current) { enum chain = addQualifiers(current, qualifiers[_const] && !alreadyConst, qualifiers[_immutable] && !alreadyImmutable, qualifiers[_shared] && !alreadyShared, qualifiers[_inout] && !alreadyInout); } static if (is(T == string)) { enum fqnType = "string"; } else static if (is(T == wstring)) { enum fqnType = "wstring"; } else static if (is(T == dstring)) { enum fqnType = "dstring"; } else static if (isBasicType!T && !is(T == enum)) { enum fqnType = chain!((Unqual!T).stringof); } else static if (isAggregateType!T || is(T == enum)) { enum fqnType = chain!(fqnSym!T); } else static if (isStaticArray!T) { enum fqnType = chain!( format("%s[%s]", fqnType!(typeof(T.init[0]), qualifiers), T.length) ); } else static if (isArray!T) { enum fqnType = chain!( format("%s[]", fqnType!(typeof(T.init[0]), qualifiers)) ); } else static if (isAssociativeArray!T) { enum fqnType = chain!( format("%s[%s]", fqnType!(ValueType!T, qualifiers), fqnType!(KeyType!T, noQualifiers)) ); } else static if (isSomeFunction!T) { static if (is(T F == delegate)) { enum qualifierString = format("%s%s", is(F == shared) ? " shared" : "", is(F == inout) ? " inout" : is(F == immutable) ? " immutable" : is(F == const) ? " const" : "" ); enum formatStr = "%s%s delegate(%s)%s%s"; enum fqnType = chain!( format(formatStr, linkageString!T, fqnType!(ReturnType!T, noQualifiers), parametersTypeString!(T), functionAttributeString!T, qualifierString) ); } else { static if (isFunctionPointer!T) enum formatStr = "%s%s function(%s)%s"; else enum formatStr = "%s%s(%s)%s"; enum fqnType = chain!( format(formatStr, linkageString!T, fqnType!(ReturnType!T, noQualifiers), parametersTypeString!(T), functionAttributeString!T) ); } } else static if (isPointer!T) { enum fqnType = chain!( format("%s*", fqnType!(PointerTarget!T, qualifiers)) ); } else static if (is(T : __vector(V[N]), V, size_t N)) { enum fqnType = chain!( format("__vector(%s[%s])", fqnType!(V, qualifiers), N) ); } else // In case something is forgotten static assert(0, "Unrecognized type " ~ T.stringof ~ ", can't convert to fully qualified string"); } @safe unittest { import std.format : format; alias fqn = fullyQualifiedName; // Verify those 2 are the same for simple case alias Ambiguous = const(QualifiedNameTests.Inner); static assert(fqn!Ambiguous == fqnType!(Ambiguous, false, false, false, false)); // Main tests enum inner_name = "std.traits.QualifiedNameTests.Inner"; with (QualifiedNameTests) { // Special cases static assert(fqn!(string) == "string"); static assert(fqn!(wstring) == "wstring"); static assert(fqn!(dstring) == "dstring"); static assert(fqn!(void) == "void"); static assert(fqn!(const(void)) == "const(void)"); static assert(fqn!(shared(void)) == "shared(void)"); static assert(fqn!(shared const(void)) == "const(shared(void))"); static assert(fqn!(shared inout(void)) == "inout(shared(void))"); static assert(fqn!(shared inout const(void)) == "const(shared(void))"); static assert(fqn!(inout(void)) == "inout(void)"); static assert(fqn!(inout const(void)) == "const(void)"); static assert(fqn!(immutable(void)) == "immutable(void)"); // Basic qualified name static assert(fqn!(Inner) == inner_name); static assert(fqn!(QualifiedEnum) == "std.traits.QualifiedEnum"); // type static assert(fqn!(QualifiedEnum.a) == "std.traits.QualifiedEnum.a"); // symbol // Array types static assert(fqn!(typeof(array)) == format("%s[]", inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(sarray)) == format("%s[16]", inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(aarray)) == format("%s[%s]", inner_name, inner_name)); // qualified key for AA static assert(fqn!(typeof(qualAarray)) == format("const(%s[const(%s)])", inner_name, inner_name)); // Qualified composed data types static assert(fqn!(typeof(data)) == format("shared(const(%s[string])[])", inner_name)); // Function types + function attributes static assert(fqn!(typeof(func)) == format("const(%s[string])(ref %s, scope lazy string) ref", inner_name, inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(retfunc)) == format("const(%s[string])(return %s) ref", inner_name, inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(inoutFunc)) == format("inout(%s(inout(%s)))", inner_name, inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(deleg)) == format("const(%s delegate(double, string) nothrow @safe)", inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(inoutDeleg)) == "inout(int) delegate(inout(int)) inout"); static assert(fqn!(typeof(funcPtr)) == format("%s function(out double, string)", inner_name)); static assert(fqn!(typeof(cFuncPtr)) == format("extern(C) %s function(double, string)", inner_name)); // Delegate type with qualified function type static assert(fqn!(typeof(attrDeleg)) == format("shared(immutable(%s) "~ "delegate(ref double, scope string) nothrow @trusted shared const)", inner_name)); // Variable argument function types static assert(fqn!(typeof(cVarArg)) == "extern(C) void(int, ...)"); static assert(fqn!(typeof(dVarArg)) == "void(...)"); static assert(fqn!(typeof(dVarArg2)) == "void(int, ...)"); static assert(fqn!(typeof(typesafeVarArg)) == "void(int[] ...)"); // SIMD vector static if (is(__vector(float[4]))) { static assert(fqn!(__vector(float[4])) == "__vector(float[4])"); } } } /*** * Get the type of the return value from a function, * a pointer to function, a delegate, a struct * with an opCall, a pointer to a struct with an opCall, * or a class with an $(D opCall). Please note that $(D_KEYWORD ref) * is not part of a type, but the attribute of the function * (see template $(LREF functionAttributes)). */ template ReturnType(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { static if (is(FunctionTypeOf!func R == return)) alias ReturnType = R; else static assert(0, "argument has no return type"); } /// @safe unittest { int foo(); ReturnType!foo x; // x is declared as int } @safe unittest { struct G { int opCall (int i) { return 1;} } alias ShouldBeInt = ReturnType!G; static assert(is(ShouldBeInt == int)); G g; static assert(is(ReturnType!g == int)); G* p; alias pg = ReturnType!p; static assert(is(pg == int)); class C { int opCall (int i) { return 1;} } static assert(is(ReturnType!C == int)); C c; static assert(is(ReturnType!c == int)); class Test { int prop() @property { return 0; } } alias R_Test_prop = ReturnType!(Test.prop); static assert(is(R_Test_prop == int)); alias R_dglit = ReturnType!((int a) { return a; }); static assert(is(R_dglit == int)); } /*** Get, as a tuple, the types of the parameters to a function, a pointer to function, a delegate, a struct with an $(D opCall), a pointer to a struct with an $(D opCall), or a class with an $(D opCall). */ template Parameters(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { static if (is(FunctionTypeOf!func P == function)) alias Parameters = P; else static assert(0, "argument has no parameters"); } /// @safe unittest { int foo(int, long); void bar(Parameters!foo); // declares void bar(int, long); void abc(Parameters!foo[1]); // declares void abc(long); } /** * Alternate name for $(LREF Parameters), kept for legacy compatibility. */ alias ParameterTypeTuple = Parameters; @safe unittest { int foo(int i, bool b) { return 0; } static assert(is(ParameterTypeTuple!foo == AliasSeq!(int, bool))); static assert(is(ParameterTypeTuple!(typeof(&foo)) == AliasSeq!(int, bool))); struct S { real opCall(real r, int i) { return 0.0; } } S s; static assert(is(ParameterTypeTuple!S == AliasSeq!(real, int))); static assert(is(ParameterTypeTuple!(S*) == AliasSeq!(real, int))); static assert(is(ParameterTypeTuple!s == AliasSeq!(real, int))); class Test { int prop() @property { return 0; } } alias P_Test_prop = ParameterTypeTuple!(Test.prop); static assert(P_Test_prop.length == 0); alias P_dglit = ParameterTypeTuple!((int a){}); static assert(P_dglit.length == 1); static assert(is(P_dglit[0] == int)); } /** Returns the number of arguments of function $(D func). arity is undefined for variadic functions. */ template arity(alias func) if ( isCallable!func && variadicFunctionStyle!func == Variadic.no ) { enum size_t arity = Parameters!func.length; } /// @safe unittest { void foo(){} static assert(arity!foo == 0); void bar(uint){} static assert(arity!bar == 1); void variadicFoo(uint...){} static assert(!__traits(compiles, arity!variadicFoo)); } /** Get tuple, one per function parameter, of the storage classes of the parameters. Params: func = function symbol or type of function, delegate, or pointer to function Returns: A tuple of ParameterStorageClass bits */ enum ParameterStorageClass : uint { /** * These flags can be bitwise OR-ed together to represent complex storage * class. */ none = 0, scope_ = 1, /// ditto out_ = 2, /// ditto ref_ = 4, /// ditto lazy_ = 8, /// ditto return_ = 0x10, /// ditto } /// ditto template ParameterStorageClassTuple(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { alias Func = FunctionTypeOf!func; static if (is(Func PT == __parameters)) { template StorageClass(size_t i) { static if (i < PT.length) { alias StorageClass = AliasSeq!( extractParameterStorageClassFlags!(__traits(getParameterStorageClasses, Func, i)), StorageClass!(i + 1)); } else alias StorageClass = AliasSeq!(); } alias ParameterStorageClassTuple = StorageClass!0; } else { static assert(0, func[0].stringof ~ " is not a function"); alias ParameterStorageClassTuple = AliasSeq!(); } } /// @safe unittest { alias STC = ParameterStorageClass; // shorten the enum name void func(ref int ctx, out real result, real param) { } alias pstc = ParameterStorageClassTuple!func; static assert(pstc.length == 3); // three parameters static assert(pstc[0] == STC.ref_); static assert(pstc[1] == STC.out_); static assert(pstc[2] == STC.none); } /***************** * Convert string tuple Attribs to ParameterStorageClass bits * Params: * Attribs = string tuple * Returns: * ParameterStorageClass bits */ template extractParameterStorageClassFlags(Attribs...) { enum ParameterStorageClass extractParameterStorageClassFlags = () { auto result = ParameterStorageClass.none; static if (Attribs.length > 0) { foreach (attrib; [Attribs]) { final switch (attrib) with (ParameterStorageClass) { case "scope": result |= scope_; break; case "out": result |= out_; break; case "ref": result |= ref_; break; case "lazy": result |= lazy_; break; case "return": result |= return_; break; } } /* Mimic behavor of original version of ParameterStorageClassTuple() * to avoid breaking existing code. */ if (result == (ParameterStorageClass.ref_ | ParameterStorageClass.return_)) result = ParameterStorageClass.return_; } return result; }(); } @safe unittest { alias STC = ParameterStorageClass; void noparam() {} static assert(ParameterStorageClassTuple!noparam.length == 0); ref int test(scope int*, ref int, out int, lazy int, int, return ref int i) { return i; } alias test_pstc = ParameterStorageClassTuple!test; static assert(test_pstc.length == 6); static assert(test_pstc[0] == STC.scope_); static assert(test_pstc[1] == STC.ref_); static assert(test_pstc[2] == STC.out_); static assert(test_pstc[3] == STC.lazy_); static assert(test_pstc[4] == STC.none); static assert(test_pstc[5] == STC.return_); interface Test { void test_const(int) const; void test_sharedconst(int) shared const; } Test testi; alias test_const_pstc = ParameterStorageClassTuple!(Test.test_const); static assert(test_const_pstc.length == 1); static assert(test_const_pstc[0] == STC.none); alias test_sharedconst_pstc = ParameterStorageClassTuple!(testi.test_sharedconst); static assert(test_sharedconst_pstc.length == 1); static assert(test_sharedconst_pstc[0] == STC.none); alias dglit_pstc = ParameterStorageClassTuple!((ref int a) {}); static assert(dglit_pstc.length == 1); static assert(dglit_pstc[0] == STC.ref_); // Bugzilla 9317 static inout(int) func(inout int param) { return param; } static assert(ParameterStorageClassTuple!(typeof(func))[0] == STC.none); } @safe unittest { // Bugzilla 14253 static struct Foo { ref Foo opAssign(ref Foo rhs) return { return this; } } alias tup = ParameterStorageClassTuple!(__traits(getOverloads, Foo, "opAssign")[0]); } /** Get, as a tuple, the identifiers of the parameters to a function symbol. */ template ParameterIdentifierTuple(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { static if (is(FunctionTypeOf!func PT == __parameters)) { template Get(size_t i) { static if (!isFunctionPointer!func && !isDelegate!func // Unnamed parameters yield CT error. && is(typeof(__traits(identifier, PT[i .. i+1])))) { enum Get = __traits(identifier, PT[i .. i+1]); } else { enum Get = ""; } } } else { static assert(0, func[0].stringof ~ "is not a function"); // Define dummy entities to avoid pointless errors template Get(size_t i) { enum Get = ""; } alias PT = AliasSeq!(); } template Impl(size_t i = 0) { static if (i == PT.length) alias Impl = AliasSeq!(); else alias Impl = AliasSeq!(Get!i, Impl!(i+1)); } alias ParameterIdentifierTuple = Impl!(); } /// @safe unittest { int foo(int num, string name, int); static assert([ParameterIdentifierTuple!foo] == ["num", "name", ""]); } @safe unittest { alias PIT = ParameterIdentifierTuple; void bar(int num, string name, int[] array){} static assert([PIT!bar] == ["num", "name", "array"]); // might be changed in the future? void function(int num, string name) fp; static assert([PIT!fp] == ["", ""]); // might be changed in the future? void delegate(int num, string name, int[long] aa) dg; static assert([PIT!dg] == ["", "", ""]); interface Test { @property string getter(); @property void setter(int a); Test method(int a, long b, string c); } static assert([PIT!(Test.getter)] == []); static assert([PIT!(Test.setter)] == ["a"]); static assert([PIT!(Test.method)] == ["a", "b", "c"]); /+ // depends on internal void baw(int, string, int[]){} static assert([PIT!baw] == ["_param_0", "_param_1", "_param_2"]); // depends on internal void baz(AliasSeq!(int, string, int[]) args){} static assert([PIT!baz] == ["_param_0", "_param_1", "_param_2"]); +/ } /** Get, as a tuple, the default value of the parameters to a function symbol. If a parameter doesn't have the default value, $(D void) is returned instead. */ template ParameterDefaults(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { alias param_names = ParameterIdentifierTuple!func; static if (is(FunctionTypeOf!(func[0]) PT == __parameters)) { template Get(size_t i) { // `PT[i .. i+1]` declares a parameter with an arbitrary name. // To avoid a name clash, generate local names that are distinct // from the parameter name, and mix them in. enum name = param_names[i]; enum args = "args" ~ (name == "args" ? "_" : ""); enum val = "val" ~ (name == "val" ? "_" : ""); enum ptr = "ptr" ~ (name == "ptr" ? "_" : ""); mixin(" // workaround scope escape check, see // https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16582 // should use return scope once available enum get = (PT[i .. i+1] " ~ args ~ ") @trusted { // If the parameter is lazy, we force it to be evaluated // like this. auto " ~ val ~ " = " ~ args ~ "[0]; auto " ~ ptr ~ " = &" ~ val ~ "; // workaround Bugzilla 16582 return *" ~ ptr ~ "; }; "); static if (is(typeof(get()))) enum Get = get(); else alias Get = void; // If default arg doesn't exist, returns void instead. } } else { static assert(0, func[0].stringof ~ "is not a function"); // Define dummy entities to avoid pointless errors template Get(size_t i) { enum Get = ""; } alias PT = AliasSeq!(); } template Impl(size_t i = 0) { static if (i == PT.length) alias Impl = AliasSeq!(); else alias Impl = AliasSeq!(Get!i, Impl!(i+1)); } alias ParameterDefaults = Impl!(); } /// @safe unittest { int foo(int num, string name = "hello", int[] = [1,2,3], lazy int x = 0); static assert(is(ParameterDefaults!foo[0] == void)); static assert( ParameterDefaults!foo[1] == "hello"); static assert( ParameterDefaults!foo[2] == [1,2,3]); static assert( ParameterDefaults!foo[3] == 0); } @safe unittest // issue 17192 { static void func(int i, int PT, int __pd_value, int __pd_val, int __args, int name, int args, int val, int ptr, int args_, int val_, int ptr_) { } alias Voids = ParameterDefaults!func; static assert(Voids.length == 12); foreach (V; Voids) static assert(is(V == void)); } /** * Alternate name for $(LREF ParameterDefaults), kept for legacy compatibility. */ alias ParameterDefaultValueTuple = ParameterDefaults; @safe unittest { alias PDVT = ParameterDefaultValueTuple; void bar(int n = 1, string s = "hello"){} static assert(PDVT!bar.length == 2); static assert(PDVT!bar[0] == 1); static assert(PDVT!bar[1] == "hello"); static assert(is(typeof(PDVT!bar) == typeof(AliasSeq!(1, "hello")))); void baz(int x, int n = 1, string s = "hello"){} static assert(PDVT!baz.length == 3); static assert(is(PDVT!baz[0] == void)); static assert( PDVT!baz[1] == 1); static assert( PDVT!baz[2] == "hello"); static assert(is(typeof(PDVT!baz) == typeof(AliasSeq!(void, 1, "hello")))); // bug 10800 - property functions return empty string @property void foo(int x = 3) { } static assert(PDVT!foo.length == 1); static assert(PDVT!foo[0] == 3); static assert(is(typeof(PDVT!foo) == typeof(AliasSeq!(3)))); struct Colour { ubyte a,r,g,b; static immutable Colour white = Colour(255,255,255,255); } void bug8106(Colour c = Colour.white) {} //pragma(msg, PDVT!bug8106); static assert(PDVT!bug8106[0] == Colour.white); void bug16582(scope int* val = null) {} static assert(PDVT!bug16582[0] is null); } /** Returns the FunctionAttribute mask for function $(D func). See_Also: $(LREF hasFunctionAttributes) */ enum FunctionAttribute : uint { /** * These flags can be bitwise OR-ed together to represent a complex attribute. */ none = 0, pure_ = 1 << 0, /// ditto nothrow_ = 1 << 1, /// ditto ref_ = 1 << 2, /// ditto property = 1 << 3, /// ditto trusted = 1 << 4, /// ditto safe = 1 << 5, /// ditto nogc = 1 << 6, /// ditto system = 1 << 7, /// ditto const_ = 1 << 8, /// ditto immutable_ = 1 << 9, /// ditto inout_ = 1 << 10, /// ditto shared_ = 1 << 11, /// ditto return_ = 1 << 12, /// ditto scope_ = 1 << 13, /// ditto } /// ditto template functionAttributes(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { // @bug: workaround for opCall alias FuncSym = Select!(is(typeof(__traits(getFunctionAttributes, func))), func, Unqual!(FunctionTypeOf!func)); enum FunctionAttribute functionAttributes = extractAttribFlags!(__traits(getFunctionAttributes, FuncSym))(); } /// @safe unittest { import std.traits : functionAttributes, FunctionAttribute; alias FA = FunctionAttribute; // shorten the enum name real func(real x) pure nothrow @safe { return x; } static assert(functionAttributes!func & FA.pure_); static assert(functionAttributes!func & FA.safe); static assert(!(functionAttributes!func & FA.trusted)); // not @trusted } @system unittest { alias FA = FunctionAttribute; struct S { int noF() { return 0; } int constF() const { return 0; } int immutableF() immutable { return 0; } int inoutF() inout { return 0; } int sharedF() shared { return 0; } int x; ref int refF() return { return x; } int propertyF() @property { return 0; } int nothrowF() nothrow { return 0; } int nogcF() @nogc { return 0; } int systemF() @system { return 0; } int trustedF() @trusted { return 0; } int safeF() @safe { return 0; } int pureF() pure { return 0; } } static assert(functionAttributes!(S.noF) == FA.system); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.noF)) == FA.system); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.constF) == (FA.const_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.constF)) == (FA.const_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.immutableF) == (FA.immutable_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.immutableF)) == (FA.immutable_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.inoutF) == (FA.inout_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.inoutF)) == (FA.inout_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.sharedF) == (FA.shared_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.sharedF)) == (FA.shared_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.refF) == (FA.ref_ | FA.system | FA.return_)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.refF)) == (FA.ref_ | FA.system | FA.return_)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.propertyF) == (FA.property | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(&S.propertyF)) == (FA.property | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.nothrowF) == (FA.nothrow_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.nothrowF)) == (FA.nothrow_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.nogcF) == (FA.nogc | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.nogcF)) == (FA.nogc | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.systemF) == FA.system); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.systemF)) == FA.system); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.trustedF) == FA.trusted); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.trustedF)) == FA.trusted); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.safeF) == FA.safe); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.safeF)) == FA.safe); static assert(functionAttributes!(S.pureF) == (FA.pure_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S.pureF)) == (FA.pure_ | FA.system)); int pure_nothrow() nothrow pure; void safe_nothrow() @safe nothrow; static ref int static_ref_property() @property; ref int ref_property() @property; static assert(functionAttributes!(pure_nothrow) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(pure_nothrow)) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(safe_nothrow) == (FA.safe | FA.nothrow_)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(safe_nothrow)) == (FA.safe | FA.nothrow_)); static assert(functionAttributes!(static_ref_property) == (FA.property | FA.ref_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(&static_ref_property)) == (FA.property | FA.ref_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(ref_property) == (FA.property | FA.ref_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(&ref_property)) == (FA.property | FA.ref_ | FA.system)); struct S2 { int pure_const() const pure { return 0; } int pure_sharedconst() const shared pure { return 0; } } static assert(functionAttributes!(S2.pure_const) == (FA.const_ | FA.pure_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S2.pure_const)) == (FA.const_ | FA.pure_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(S2.pure_sharedconst) == (FA.const_ | FA.shared_ | FA.pure_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(S2.pure_sharedconst)) == (FA.const_ | FA.shared_ | FA.pure_ | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!((int a) { }) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.safe)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof((int a) { })) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.safe)); auto safeDel = delegate() @safe { }; static assert(functionAttributes!(safeDel) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.safe)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(safeDel)) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.safe)); auto trustedDel = delegate() @trusted { }; static assert(functionAttributes!(trustedDel) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.trusted)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(trustedDel)) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.trusted)); auto systemDel = delegate() @system { }; static assert(functionAttributes!(systemDel) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.system)); static assert(functionAttributes!(typeof(systemDel)) == (FA.pure_ | FA.nothrow_ | FA.nogc | FA.system)); } private FunctionAttribute extractAttribFlags(Attribs...)() { auto res = FunctionAttribute.none; foreach (attrib; Attribs) { switch (attrib) with (FunctionAttribute) { case "pure": res |= pure_; break; case "nothrow": res |= nothrow_; break; case "ref": res |= ref_; break; case "@property": res |= property; break; case "@trusted": res |= trusted; break; case "@safe": res |= safe; break; case "@nogc": res |= nogc; break; case "@system": res |= system; break; case "const": res |= const_; break; case "immutable": res |= immutable_; break; case "inout": res |= inout_; break; case "shared": res |= shared_; break; case "return": res |= return_; break; case "scope": res |= scope_; break; default: assert(0, attrib); } } return res; } /** Checks whether a function has the given attributes attached. Params: args = Function to check, followed by a variadic number of function attributes as strings Returns: `true`, if the function has the list of attributes attached and `false` otherwise. See_Also: $(LREF functionAttributes) */ template hasFunctionAttributes(args...) if (args.length > 0 && isCallable!(args[0]) && allSatisfy!(isSomeString, typeof(args[1 .. $]))) { enum bool hasFunctionAttributes = { import std.algorithm.searching : canFind; import std.range : only; enum funcAttribs = only(__traits(getFunctionAttributes, args[0])); foreach (attribute; args[1 .. $]) { if (!funcAttribs.canFind(attribute)) return false; } return true; }(); } /// @safe unittest { real func(real x) pure nothrow @safe; static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(func, "@safe", "pure")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(func, "@trusted")); // for templates attributes are automatically inferred bool myFunc(T)(T b) { return !b; } static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(myFunc!bool, "@safe", "pure", "@nogc", "nothrow")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(myFunc!bool, "shared")); } @system unittest { struct S { int noF(); int constF() const; int immutableF() immutable; int inoutF() inout; int sharedF() shared; ref int refF() return; int propertyF() @property; int nothrowF() nothrow; int nogcF() @nogc; int systemF() @system; int trustedF() @trusted; int safeF() @safe; int pureF() pure; } // true if no args passed static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.noF)); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.noF, "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.noF), "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.noF, "@system", "pure")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.constF, "const", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.constF), "const", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.constF, "const", "@system", "@nogc")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.immutableF, "immutable", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.immutableF), "immutable", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.immutableF, "immutable", "@system", "pure")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.inoutF, "inout", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.inoutF), "inout", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.inoutF, "inout", "@system", "pure")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.sharedF, "shared", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.sharedF), "shared", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.sharedF, "shared", "@system", "@trusted")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.refF, "ref", "@system", "return")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.refF), "ref", "@system", "return")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.refF, "ref", "@system", "return", "pure")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.propertyF, "@property", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(&S.propertyF), "@property", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.propertyF, "@property", "@system", "ref")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.nothrowF, "nothrow", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.nothrowF), "nothrow", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.nothrowF, "nothrow", "@system", "@trusted")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.nogcF, "@nogc", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.nogcF), "@nogc", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.nogcF, "@nogc", "@system", "ref")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.systemF, "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.systemF), "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.systemF, "@system", "ref")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.trustedF, "@trusted")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.trustedF), "@trusted")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.trustedF, "@trusted", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.safeF, "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.safeF), "@safe")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.safeF, "@safe", "nothrow")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S.pureF, "pure", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S.pureF), "pure", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S.pureF, "pure", "@system", "ref")); int pure_nothrow() nothrow pure { return 0; } void safe_nothrow() @safe nothrow { } static ref int static_ref_property() @property { return *(new int); } ref int ref_property() @property { return *(new int); } static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(pure_nothrow, "pure", "nothrow", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(pure_nothrow), "pure", "nothrow", "@safe")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(pure_nothrow, "pure", "nothrow", "@safe", "@trusted")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(safe_nothrow, "@safe", "nothrow")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(safe_nothrow), "@safe", "nothrow")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(safe_nothrow, "@safe", "nothrow", "pure")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(safe_nothrow, "@safe", "nothrow", "pure", "@trusted")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(static_ref_property, "@property", "ref", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(&static_ref_property), "@property", "ref", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(static_ref_property, "@property", "ref", "@safe", "nothrow")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(static_ref_property, "@property", "ref", "@safe", "nothrow", "@nogc")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(ref_property, "@property", "ref", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(&ref_property), "@property", "ref", "@safe")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(ref_property, "@property", "ref", "@safe", "@nogc")); struct S2 { int pure_const() const pure { return 0; } int pure_sharedconst() const shared pure { return 0; } } static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S2.pure_const, "const", "pure", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S2.pure_const), "const", "pure", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S2.pure_const, "const", "pure", "@system", "ref")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(S2.pure_sharedconst, "const", "shared", "pure", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(S2.pure_sharedconst), "const", "shared", "pure", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(S2.pure_sharedconst, "const", "shared", "pure", "@system", "@nogc")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!((int a) { }, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof((int a) { }), "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@safe")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!((int a) { }, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@safe", "ref")); auto safeDel = delegate() @safe { }; static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(safeDel, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@safe")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(safeDel), "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@safe")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(safeDel, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@safe", "@system")); auto trustedDel = delegate() @trusted { }; static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(trustedDel, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@trusted")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(trustedDel), "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@trusted")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(trustedDel, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@trusted", "ref")); auto systemDel = delegate() @system { }; static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(systemDel, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@system")); static assert(hasFunctionAttributes!(typeof(systemDel), "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@system")); static assert(!hasFunctionAttributes!(systemDel, "pure", "nothrow", "@nogc", "@system", "@property")); // call functions to make CodeCov happy { assert(pure_nothrow == 0); safe_nothrow; assert(static_ref_property == 0); assert(ref_property == 0); assert(S2().pure_const == 0); assert((shared S2()).pure_sharedconst == 0); cast(void) safeDel; cast(void) trustedDel; cast(void) systemDel; } } /** $(D true) if $(D func) is $(D @safe) or $(D @trusted). */ template isSafe(alias func) if (isCallable!func) { enum isSafe = (functionAttributes!func & FunctionAttribute.safe) != 0 || (functionAttributes!func & FunctionAttribute.trusted) != 0; } /// @safe unittest { @safe int add(int a, int b) {return a+b;} @trusted int sub(int a, int b) {return a-b;} @system int mul(int a, int b) {return a*b;} static assert( isSafe!add); static assert( isSafe!sub); static assert(!isSafe!mul); } @safe unittest { //Member functions interface Set { int systemF() @system; int trustedF() @trusted; int safeF() @safe; } static assert( isSafe!(Set.safeF)); static assert( isSafe!(Set.trustedF)); static assert(!isSafe!(Set.systemF)); //Functions @safe static safeFunc() {} @trusted static trustedFunc() {} @system static systemFunc() {} static assert( isSafe!safeFunc); static assert( isSafe!trustedFunc); static assert(!isSafe!systemFunc); //Delegates auto safeDel = delegate() @safe {}; auto trustedDel = delegate() @trusted {}; auto systemDel = delegate() @system {}; static assert( isSafe!safeDel); static assert( isSafe!trustedDel); static assert(!isSafe!systemDel); //Lambdas static assert( isSafe!({safeDel();})); static assert( isSafe!({trustedDel();})); static assert(!isSafe!({systemDel();})); //Static opCall struct SafeStatic { @safe static SafeStatic opCall() { return SafeStatic.init; } } struct TrustedStatic { @trusted static TrustedStatic opCall() { return TrustedStatic.init; } } struct SystemStatic { @system static SystemStatic opCall() { return SystemStatic.init; } } static assert( isSafe!(SafeStatic())); static assert( isSafe!(TrustedStatic())); static assert(!isSafe!(SystemStatic())); //Non-static opCall struct Safe { @safe Safe opCall() { return Safe.init; } } struct Trusted { @trusted Trusted opCall() { return Trusted.init; } } struct System { @system System opCall() { return System.init; } } static assert( isSafe!(Safe.init())); static assert( isSafe!(Trusted.init())); static assert(!isSafe!(System.init())); } /** $(D true) if $(D func) is $(D @system). */ template isUnsafe(alias func) { enum isUnsafe = !isSafe!func; } /// @safe unittest { @safe int add(int a, int b) {return a+b;} @trusted int sub(int a, int b) {return a-b;} @system int mul(int a, int b) {return a*b;} static assert(!isUnsafe!add); static assert(!isUnsafe!sub); static assert( isUnsafe!mul); } @safe unittest { //Member functions interface Set { int systemF() @system; int trustedF() @trusted; int safeF() @safe; } static assert(!isUnsafe!(Set.safeF)); static assert(!isUnsafe!(Set.trustedF)); static assert( isUnsafe!(Set.systemF)); //Functions @safe static safeFunc() {} @trusted static trustedFunc() {} @system static systemFunc() {} static assert(!isUnsafe!safeFunc); static assert(!isUnsafe!trustedFunc); static assert( isUnsafe!systemFunc); //Delegates auto safeDel = delegate() @safe {}; auto trustedDel = delegate() @trusted {}; auto systemDel = delegate() @system {}; static assert(!isUnsafe!safeDel); static assert(!isUnsafe!trustedDel); static assert( isUnsafe!systemDel); //Lambdas static assert(!isUnsafe!({safeDel();})); static assert(!isUnsafe!({trustedDel();})); static assert( isUnsafe!({systemDel();})); //Static opCall struct SafeStatic { @safe static SafeStatic opCall() { return SafeStatic.init; } } struct TrustedStatic { @trusted static TrustedStatic opCall() { return TrustedStatic.init; } } struct SystemStatic { @system static SystemStatic opCall() { return SystemStatic.init; } } static assert(!isUnsafe!(SafeStatic())); static assert(!isUnsafe!(TrustedStatic())); static assert( isUnsafe!(SystemStatic())); //Non-static opCall struct Safe { @safe Safe opCall() { return Safe.init; } } struct Trusted { @trusted Trusted opCall() { return Trusted.init; } } struct System { @system System opCall() { return System.init; } } static assert(!isUnsafe!(Safe.init())); static assert(!isUnsafe!(Trusted.init())); static assert( isUnsafe!(System.init())); } /** Determine the linkage attribute of the function. Params: func = the function symbol, or the type of a function, delegate, or pointer to function Returns: one of the strings "D", "C", "Windows", "Pascal", or "Objective-C" */ template functionLinkage(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { enum string functionLinkage = __traits(getLinkage, FunctionTypeOf!func); } /// @safe unittest { extern(D) void Dfunc() {} extern(C) void Cfunc() {} static assert(functionLinkage!Dfunc == "D"); static assert(functionLinkage!Cfunc == "C"); string a = functionLinkage!Dfunc; assert(a == "D"); auto fp = &Cfunc; string b = functionLinkage!fp; assert(b == "C"); } @safe unittest { interface Test { void const_func() const; void sharedconst_func() shared const; } static assert(functionLinkage!(Test.const_func) == "D"); static assert(functionLinkage!(Test.sharedconst_func) == "D"); static assert(functionLinkage!((int a){}) == "D"); } /** Determines what kind of variadic parameters function has. Params: func = function symbol or type of function, delegate, or pointer to function Returns: enum Variadic */ enum Variadic { no, /// Function is not variadic. c, /// Function is a _C-style variadic function, which uses /// core.stdc.stdarg /// Function is a _D-style variadic function, which uses d, /// __argptr and __arguments. typesafe, /// Function is a typesafe variadic function. } /// ditto template variadicFunctionStyle(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { enum string varargs = __traits(getFunctionVariadicStyle, FunctionTypeOf!func); enum Variadic variadicFunctionStyle = (varargs == "stdarg") ? Variadic.c : (varargs == "argptr") ? Variadic.d : (varargs == "typesafe") ? Variadic.typesafe : (varargs == "none") ? Variadic.no : Variadic.no; } /// @safe unittest { void func() {} static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!func == Variadic.no); extern(C) int printf(in char*, ...); static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!printf == Variadic.c); } @safe unittest { import core.vararg; extern(D) void novar() {} extern(C) void cstyle(int, ...) {} extern(D) void dstyle(...) {} extern(D) void typesafe(int[]...) {} static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!novar == Variadic.no); static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!cstyle == Variadic.c); static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!dstyle == Variadic.d); static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!typesafe == Variadic.typesafe); static assert(variadicFunctionStyle!((int[] a...) {}) == Variadic.typesafe); } /** Get the function type from a callable object $(D func). Using builtin $(D typeof) on a property function yields the types of the property value, not of the property function itself. Still, $(D FunctionTypeOf) is able to obtain function types of properties. Note: Do not confuse function types with function pointer types; function types are usually used for compile-time reflection purposes. */ template FunctionTypeOf(func...) if (func.length == 1 && isCallable!func) { static if (is(typeof(& func[0]) Fsym : Fsym*) && is(Fsym == function) || is(typeof(& func[0]) Fsym == delegate)) { alias FunctionTypeOf = Fsym; // HIT: (nested) function symbol } else static if (is(typeof(& func[0].opCall) Fobj == delegate)) { alias FunctionTypeOf = Fobj; // HIT: callable object } else static if (is(typeof(& func[0].opCall) Ftyp : Ftyp*) && is(Ftyp == function)) { alias FunctionTypeOf = Ftyp; // HIT: callable type } else static if (is(func[0] T) || is(typeof(func[0]) T)) { static if (is(T == function)) alias FunctionTypeOf = T; // HIT: function else static if (is(T Fptr : Fptr*) && is(Fptr == function)) alias FunctionTypeOf = Fptr; // HIT: function pointer else static if (is(T Fdlg == delegate)) alias FunctionTypeOf = Fdlg; // HIT: delegate else static assert(0); } else static assert(0); } /// @safe unittest { class C { int value() @property { return 0; } } static assert(is( typeof(C.value) == int )); static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!(C.value) == function )); } @system unittest { int test(int a); int propGet() @property; int propSet(int a) @property; int function(int) test_fp; int delegate(int) test_dg; static assert(is( typeof(test) == FunctionTypeOf!(typeof(test)) )); static assert(is( typeof(test) == FunctionTypeOf!test )); static assert(is( typeof(test) == FunctionTypeOf!test_fp )); static assert(is( typeof(test) == FunctionTypeOf!test_dg )); alias int GetterType() @property; alias int SetterType(int) @property; static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!propGet == GetterType )); static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!propSet == SetterType )); interface Prop { int prop() @property; } Prop prop; static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!(Prop.prop) == GetterType )); static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!(prop.prop) == GetterType )); class Callable { int opCall(int) { return 0; } } auto call = new Callable; static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!call == typeof(test) )); struct StaticCallable { static int opCall(int) { return 0; } } StaticCallable stcall_val; StaticCallable* stcall_ptr; static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!stcall_val == typeof(test) )); static assert(is( FunctionTypeOf!stcall_ptr == typeof(test) )); interface Overloads { void test(string); real test(real); int test(int); int test() @property; } alias ov = AliasSeq!(__traits(getVirtualFunctions, Overloads, "test")); alias F_ov0 = FunctionTypeOf!(ov[0]); alias F_ov1 = FunctionTypeOf!(ov[1]); alias F_ov2 = FunctionTypeOf!(ov[2]); alias F_ov3 = FunctionTypeOf!(ov[3]); static assert(is(F_ov0* == void function(string))); static assert(is(F_ov1* == real function(real))); static assert(is(F_ov2* == int function(int))); static assert(is(F_ov3* == int function() @property)); alias F_dglit = FunctionTypeOf!((int a){ return a; }); static assert(is(F_dglit* : int function(int))); } /** * Constructs a new function or delegate type with the same basic signature * as the given one, but different attributes (including linkage). * * This is especially useful for adding/removing attributes to/from types in * generic code, where the actual type name cannot be spelt out. * * Params: * T = The base type. * linkage = The desired linkage of the result type. * attrs = The desired $(LREF FunctionAttribute)s of the result type. */ template SetFunctionAttributes(T, string linkage, uint attrs) if (isFunctionPointer!T || isDelegate!T) { mixin({ import std.algorithm.searching : canFind; static assert(!(attrs & FunctionAttribute.trusted) || !(attrs & FunctionAttribute.safe), "Cannot have a function/delegate that is both trusted and safe."); static immutable linkages = ["D", "C", "Windows", "Pascal", "C++", "System"]; static assert(canFind(linkages, linkage), "Invalid linkage '" ~ linkage ~ "', must be one of " ~ linkages.stringof ~ "."); string result = "alias "; static if (linkage != "D") result ~= "extern(" ~ linkage ~ ") "; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.ref_) result ~= "ref "; result ~= "ReturnType!T"; static if (isDelegate!T) result ~= " delegate"; else result ~= " function"; result ~= "("; static if (Parameters!T.length > 0) result ~= "Parameters!T"; enum varStyle = variadicFunctionStyle!T; static if (varStyle == Variadic.c) result ~= ", ..."; else static if (varStyle == Variadic.d) result ~= "..."; else static if (varStyle == Variadic.typesafe) result ~= "..."; result ~= ")"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.pure_) result ~= " pure"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.nothrow_) result ~= " nothrow"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.property) result ~= " @property"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.trusted) result ~= " @trusted"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.safe) result ~= " @safe"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.nogc) result ~= " @nogc"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.system) result ~= " @system"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.const_) result ~= " const"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.immutable_) result ~= " immutable"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.inout_) result ~= " inout"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.shared_) result ~= " shared"; static if (attrs & FunctionAttribute.return_) result ~= " return"; result ~= " SetFunctionAttributes;"; return result; }()); } /// Ditto template SetFunctionAttributes(T, string linkage, uint attrs) if (is(T == function)) { // To avoid a lot of syntactic headaches, we just use the above version to // operate on the corresponding function pointer type and then remove the // indirection again. alias SetFunctionAttributes = FunctionTypeOf!(SetFunctionAttributes!(T*, linkage, attrs)); } /// @safe unittest { alias ExternC(T) = SetFunctionAttributes!(T, "C", functionAttributes!T); auto assumePure(T)(T t) if (isFunctionPointer!T || isDelegate!T) { enum attrs = functionAttributes!T | FunctionAttribute.pure_; return cast(SetFunctionAttributes!(T, functionLinkage!T, attrs)) t; } } version (unittest) { // Some function types to test. int sc(scope int, ref int, out int, lazy int, int); extern(System) int novar(); extern(C) int cstyle(int, ...); extern(D) int dstyle(...); extern(D) int typesafe(int[]...); } @safe unittest { import std.algorithm.iteration : reduce; alias FA = FunctionAttribute; foreach (BaseT; AliasSeq!(typeof(&sc), typeof(&novar), typeof(&cstyle), typeof(&dstyle), typeof(&typesafe))) { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(BaseT, FunctionTypeOf!BaseT)) (){ // avoid slow optimizations for large functions @@@BUG@@@ 2396 enum linkage = functionLinkage!T; enum attrs = functionAttributes!T; static assert(is(SetFunctionAttributes!(T, linkage, attrs) == T), "Identity check failed for: " ~ T.stringof); // Check that all linkage types work (D-style variadics require D linkage). static if (variadicFunctionStyle!T != Variadic.d) { foreach (newLinkage; AliasSeq!("D", "C", "Windows", "Pascal", "C++")) { alias New = SetFunctionAttributes!(T, newLinkage, attrs); static assert(functionLinkage!New == newLinkage, "Linkage test failed for: " ~ T.stringof ~ ", " ~ newLinkage ~ " (got " ~ New.stringof ~ ")"); } } // Add @safe. alias T1 = SetFunctionAttributes!(T, functionLinkage!T, FA.safe); static assert(functionAttributes!T1 == FA.safe); // Add all known attributes, excluding conflicting ones. enum allAttrs = reduce!"a | b"([EnumMembers!FA]) & ~FA.safe & ~FA.property & ~FA.const_ & ~FA.immutable_ & ~FA.inout_ & ~FA.shared_ & ~FA.system & ~FA.return_ & ~FA.scope_; alias T2 = SetFunctionAttributes!(T1, functionLinkage!T, allAttrs); static assert(functionAttributes!T2 == allAttrs); // Strip all attributes again. alias T3 = SetFunctionAttributes!(T2, functionLinkage!T, FA.none); static assert(is(T3 == T)); }(); } } //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // Aggregate Types //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// /** Determines whether `T` is a class nested inside another class and that `T.outer` is the implicit reference to the outer class (i.e. `outer` has not been used as a field or method name) Params: T = type to test Returns: `true` if `T` is a class nested inside another, with the conditions described above; `false` otherwise */ template isInnerClass(T) if (is(T == class)) { import std.meta : staticIndexOf; static if (is(typeof(T.outer))) enum isInnerClass = __traits(isSame, typeof(T.outer), __traits(parent, T)) && (staticIndexOf!(__traits(allMembers, T), "outer") == -1); else enum isInnerClass = false; } /// @safe unittest { class C { int outer; } static assert(!isInnerClass!C); class Outer1 { class Inner1 { } class Inner2 { int outer; } } static assert(isInnerClass!(Outer1.Inner1)); static assert(!isInnerClass!(Outer1.Inner2)); static class Outer2 { static class Inner { int outer; } } static assert(!isInnerClass!(Outer2.Inner)); } /** Determines whether $(D T) has its own context pointer. $(D T) must be either $(D class), $(D struct), or $(D union). */ template isNested(T) if (is(T == class) || is(T == struct) || is(T == union)) { enum isNested = __traits(isNested, T); } /// @safe unittest { static struct S { } static assert(!isNested!S); int i; struct NestedStruct { void f() { ++i; } } static assert(isNested!NestedStruct); } /** Determines whether $(D T) or any of its representation types have a context pointer. */ template hasNested(T) { import std.meta : anySatisfy, Filter; static if (isStaticArray!T && T.length) enum hasNested = hasNested!(typeof(T.init[0])); else static if (is(T == class) || is(T == struct) || is(T == union)) { // prevent infinite recursion for class with member of same type enum notSame(U) = !is(Unqual!T == Unqual!U); enum hasNested = isNested!T || anySatisfy!(.hasNested, Filter!(notSame, Fields!T)); } else enum hasNested = false; } /// @safe unittest { static struct S { } int i; struct NS { void f() { ++i; } } static assert(!hasNested!(S[2])); static assert(hasNested!(NS[2])); } @safe unittest { static assert(!__traits(compiles, isNested!int)); static assert(!hasNested!int); static struct StaticStruct { } static assert(!isNested!StaticStruct); static assert(!hasNested!StaticStruct); int i; struct NestedStruct { void f() { ++i; } } static assert( isNested!NestedStruct); static assert( hasNested!NestedStruct); static assert( isNested!(immutable NestedStruct)); static assert( hasNested!(immutable NestedStruct)); static assert(!__traits(compiles, isNested!(NestedStruct[1]))); static assert( hasNested!(NestedStruct[1])); static assert(!hasNested!(NestedStruct[0])); struct S1 { NestedStruct nested; } static assert(!isNested!S1); static assert( hasNested!S1); static struct S2 { NestedStruct nested; } static assert(!isNested!S2); static assert( hasNested!S2); static struct S3 { NestedStruct[0] nested; } static assert(!isNested!S3); static assert(!hasNested!S3); static union U { NestedStruct nested; } static assert(!isNested!U); static assert( hasNested!U); static class StaticClass { } static assert(!isNested!StaticClass); static assert(!hasNested!StaticClass); class NestedClass { void f() { ++i; } } static assert( isNested!NestedClass); static assert( hasNested!NestedClass); static assert( isNested!(immutable NestedClass)); static assert( hasNested!(immutable NestedClass)); static assert(!__traits(compiles, isNested!(NestedClass[1]))); static assert( hasNested!(NestedClass[1])); static assert(!hasNested!(NestedClass[0])); static class A { A a; } static assert(!hasNested!A); } /*** * Get as a tuple the types of the fields of a struct, class, or union. * This consists of the fields that take up memory space, * excluding the hidden fields like the virtual function * table pointer or a context pointer for nested types. * If $(D T) isn't a struct, class, or union returns a tuple * with one element $(D T). */ template Fields(T) { static if (is(T == struct) || is(T == union)) alias Fields = typeof(T.tupleof[0 .. $ - isNested!T]); else static if (is(T == class)) alias Fields = typeof(T.tupleof); else alias Fields = AliasSeq!T; } /// @safe unittest { struct S { int x; float y; } static assert(is(Fields!S == AliasSeq!(int, float))); } /** * Alternate name for $(LREF Fields), kept for legacy compatibility. */ alias FieldTypeTuple = Fields; @safe unittest { static assert(is(FieldTypeTuple!int == AliasSeq!int)); static struct StaticStruct1 { } static assert(is(FieldTypeTuple!StaticStruct1 == AliasSeq!())); static struct StaticStruct2 { int a, b; } static assert(is(FieldTypeTuple!StaticStruct2 == AliasSeq!(int, int))); int i; struct NestedStruct1 { void f() { ++i; } } static assert(is(FieldTypeTuple!NestedStruct1 == AliasSeq!())); struct NestedStruct2 { int a; void f() { ++i; } } static assert(is(FieldTypeTuple!NestedStruct2 == AliasSeq!int)); class NestedClass { int a; void f() { ++i; } } static assert(is(FieldTypeTuple!NestedClass == AliasSeq!int)); } //Required for FieldNameTuple private enum NameOf(alias T) = T.stringof; /** * Get as an expression tuple the names of the fields of a struct, class, or * union. This consists of the fields that take up memory space, excluding the * hidden fields like the virtual function table pointer or a context pointer * for nested types. If $(D T) isn't a struct, class, or union returns an * expression tuple with an empty string. */ template FieldNameTuple(T) { import std.meta : staticMap; static if (is(T == struct) || is(T == union)) alias FieldNameTuple = staticMap!(NameOf, T.tupleof[0 .. $ - isNested!T]); else static if (is(T == class)) alias FieldNameTuple = staticMap!(NameOf, T.tupleof); else alias FieldNameTuple = AliasSeq!""; } /// @safe unittest { struct S { int x; float y; } static assert(FieldNameTuple!S == AliasSeq!("x", "y")); static assert(FieldNameTuple!int == AliasSeq!""); } @safe unittest { static assert(FieldNameTuple!int == AliasSeq!""); static struct StaticStruct1 { } static assert(is(FieldNameTuple!StaticStruct1 == AliasSeq!())); static struct StaticStruct2 { int a, b; } static assert(FieldNameTuple!StaticStruct2 == AliasSeq!("a", "b")); int i; struct NestedStruct1 { void f() { ++i; } } static assert(is(FieldNameTuple!NestedStruct1 == AliasSeq!())); struct NestedStruct2 { int a; void f() { ++i; } } static assert(FieldNameTuple!NestedStruct2 == AliasSeq!"a"); class NestedClass { int a; void f() { ++i; } } static assert(FieldNameTuple!NestedClass == AliasSeq!"a"); } /*** Get the primitive types of the fields of a struct or class, in topological order. */ template RepresentationTypeTuple(T) { template Impl(T...) { static if (T.length == 0) { alias Impl = AliasSeq!(); } else { import std.typecons : Rebindable; static if (is(T[0] R: Rebindable!R)) { alias Impl = Impl!(Impl!R, T[1 .. $]); } else static if (is(T[0] == struct) || is(T[0] == union)) { // @@@BUG@@@ this should work //alias .RepresentationTypes!(T[0].tupleof) // RepresentationTypes; alias Impl = Impl!(FieldTypeTuple!(T[0]), T[1 .. $]); } else { alias Impl = AliasSeq!(T[0], Impl!(T[1 .. $])); } } } static if (is(T == struct) || is(T == union) || is(T == class)) { alias RepresentationTypeTuple = Impl!(FieldTypeTuple!T); } else { alias RepresentationTypeTuple = Impl!T; } } /// @safe unittest { struct S1 { int a; float b; } struct S2 { char[] a; union { S1 b; S1 * c; } } alias R = RepresentationTypeTuple!S2; assert(R.length == 4 && is(R[0] == char[]) && is(R[1] == int) && is(R[2] == float) && is(R[3] == S1*)); } @safe unittest { alias S1 = RepresentationTypeTuple!int; static assert(is(S1 == AliasSeq!int)); struct S2 { int a; } struct S3 { int a; char b; } struct S4 { S1 a; int b; S3 c; } static assert(is(RepresentationTypeTuple!S2 == AliasSeq!int)); static assert(is(RepresentationTypeTuple!S3 == AliasSeq!(int, char))); static assert(is(RepresentationTypeTuple!S4 == AliasSeq!(int, int, int, char))); struct S11 { int a; float b; } struct S21 { char[] a; union { S11 b; S11 * c; } } alias R = RepresentationTypeTuple!S21; assert(R.length == 4 && is(R[0] == char[]) && is(R[1] == int) && is(R[2] == float) && is(R[3] == S11*)); class C { int a; float b; } alias R1 = RepresentationTypeTuple!C; static assert(R1.length == 2 && is(R1[0] == int) && is(R1[1] == float)); /* Issue 6642 */ import std.typecons : Rebindable; struct S5 { int a; Rebindable!(immutable Object) b; } alias R2 = RepresentationTypeTuple!S5; static assert(R2.length == 2 && is(R2[0] == int) && is(R2[1] == immutable(Object))); } /* Statically evaluates to $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation contains at least one field of pointer or array type. Members of class types are not considered raw pointers. Pointers to immutable objects are not considered raw aliasing. */ private template hasRawAliasing(T...) { template Impl(T...) { static if (T.length == 0) { enum Impl = false; } else { static if (is(T[0] foo : U*, U) && !isFunctionPointer!(T[0])) enum has = !is(U == immutable); else static if (is(T[0] foo : U[], U) && !isStaticArray!(T[0])) enum has = !is(U == immutable); else static if (isAssociativeArray!(T[0])) enum has = !is(T[0] == immutable); else enum has = false; enum Impl = has || Impl!(T[1 .. $]); } } enum hasRawAliasing = Impl!(RepresentationTypeTuple!T); } /// @safe unittest { // simple types static assert(!hasRawAliasing!int); static assert( hasRawAliasing!(char*)); // references aren't raw pointers static assert(!hasRawAliasing!Object); // built-in arrays do contain raw pointers static assert( hasRawAliasing!(int[])); // aggregate of simple types struct S1 { int a; double b; } static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S1); // indirect aggregation struct S2 { S1 a; double b; } static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S2); } @safe unittest { // struct with a pointer member struct S3 { int a; double * b; } static assert( hasRawAliasing!S3); // struct with an indirect pointer member struct S4 { S3 a; double b; } static assert( hasRawAliasing!S4); struct S5 { int a; Object z; int c; } static assert( hasRawAliasing!S3); static assert( hasRawAliasing!S4); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S5); union S6 { int a; int b; } union S7 { int a; int * b; } static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S6); static assert( hasRawAliasing!S7); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(void delegate())); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(void delegate() const)); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(void delegate() immutable)); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(void delegate() shared)); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(void delegate() shared const)); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(const(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(immutable(void delegate()))); struct S8 { void delegate() a; int b; Object c; } class S12 { typeof(S8.tupleof) a; } class S13 { typeof(S8.tupleof) a; int* b; } static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S8); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S12); static assert( hasRawAliasing!S13); enum S9 { a } static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S9); // indirect members struct S10 { S7 a; int b; } struct S11 { S6 a; int b; } static assert( hasRawAliasing!S10); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!S11); static assert( hasRawAliasing!(int[string])); static assert(!hasRawAliasing!(immutable(int[string]))); } /* Statically evaluates to $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation contains at least one non-shared field of pointer or array type. Members of class types are not considered raw pointers. Pointers to immutable objects are not considered raw aliasing. */ private template hasRawUnsharedAliasing(T...) { template Impl(T...) { static if (T.length == 0) { enum Impl = false; } else { static if (is(T[0] foo : U*, U) && !isFunctionPointer!(T[0])) enum has = !is(U == immutable) && !is(U == shared); else static if (is(T[0] foo : U[], U) && !isStaticArray!(T[0])) enum has = !is(U == immutable) && !is(U == shared); else static if (isAssociativeArray!(T[0])) enum has = !is(T[0] == immutable) && !is(T[0] == shared); else enum has = false; enum Impl = has || Impl!(T[1 .. $]); } } enum hasRawUnsharedAliasing = Impl!(RepresentationTypeTuple!T); } /// @safe unittest { // simple types static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!int); static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(char*)); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared char*)); // references aren't raw pointers static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!Object); // built-in arrays do contain raw pointers static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(int[])); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared int[])); // aggregate of simple types struct S1 { int a; double b; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S1); // indirect aggregation struct S2 { S1 a; double b; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S2); // struct with a pointer member struct S3 { int a; double * b; } static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S3); struct S4 { int a; shared double * b; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S4); } @safe unittest { // struct with a pointer member struct S3 { int a; double * b; } static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S3); struct S4 { int a; shared double * b; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S4); // struct with an indirect pointer member struct S5 { S3 a; double b; } static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S5); struct S6 { S4 a; double b; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S6); struct S7 { int a; Object z; int c; } static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S5); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S6); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S7); union S8 { int a; int b; } union S9 { int a; int* b; } union S10 { int a; shared int* b; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S8); static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S9); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S10); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate())); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() const)); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() immutable)); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() shared)); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() shared const)); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate())))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() const)))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() immutable)))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() shared)))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() shared const)))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(void function())); enum S13 { a } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S13); // indirect members struct S14 { S9 a; int b; } struct S15 { S10 a; int b; } struct S16 { S6 a; int b; } static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S14); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S15); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S16); static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(int[string])); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(int[string]))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(int[string]))); struct S17 { void delegate() shared a; void delegate() immutable b; void delegate() shared const c; shared(void delegate()) d; shared(void delegate() shared) e; shared(void delegate() immutable) f; shared(void delegate() shared const) g; immutable(void delegate()) h; immutable(void delegate() shared) i; immutable(void delegate() immutable) j; immutable(void delegate() shared const) k; shared(const(void delegate())) l; shared(const(void delegate() shared)) m; shared(const(void delegate() immutable)) n; shared(const(void delegate() shared const)) o; } struct S18 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; void delegate() p; } struct S19 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; Object p; } struct S20 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; int* p; } class S21 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; } class S22 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; void delegate() p; } class S23 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; Object p; } class S24 { typeof(S17.tupleof) a; int* p; } static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S17); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S17))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S17))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S18); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S18))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S18))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S19); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S19))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S19))); static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S20); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S20))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S20))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S21); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S21))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S21))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S22); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S22))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S22))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S23); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S23))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S23))); static assert( hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S24); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S24))); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S24))); struct S25 {} class S26 {} interface S27 {} union S28 {} static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S25); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S26); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S27); static assert(!hasRawUnsharedAliasing!S28); } /* Statically evaluates to $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation includes at least one non-immutable object reference. */ private template hasObjects(T...) { static if (T.length == 0) { enum hasObjects = false; } else static if (is(T[0] == struct)) { enum hasObjects = hasObjects!( RepresentationTypeTuple!(T[0]), T[1 .. $]); } else { enum hasObjects = ((is(T[0] == class) || is(T[0] == interface)) && !is(T[0] == immutable)) || hasObjects!(T[1 .. $]); } } /* Statically evaluates to $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation includes at least one non-immutable non-shared object reference. */ private template hasUnsharedObjects(T...) { static if (T.length == 0) { enum hasUnsharedObjects = false; } else static if (is(T[0] == struct)) { enum hasUnsharedObjects = hasUnsharedObjects!( RepresentationTypeTuple!(T[0]), T[1 .. $]); } else { enum hasUnsharedObjects = ((is(T[0] == class) || is(T[0] == interface)) && !is(T[0] == immutable) && !is(T[0] == shared)) || hasUnsharedObjects!(T[1 .. $]); } } /** Returns $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation includes at least one of the following: $(OL $(LI a raw pointer $(D U*) and $(D U) is not immutable;) $(LI an array $(D U[]) and $(D U) is not immutable;) $(LI a reference to a class or interface type $(D C) and $(D C) is not immutable.) $(LI an associative array that is not immutable.) $(LI a delegate.)) */ template hasAliasing(T...) { import std.meta : anySatisfy; import std.typecons : Rebindable; static if (T.length && is(T[0] : Rebindable!R, R)) { enum hasAliasing = hasAliasing!(R, T[1 .. $]); } else { template isAliasingDelegate(T) { enum isAliasingDelegate = isDelegate!T && !is(T == immutable) && !is(FunctionTypeOf!T == immutable); } enum hasAliasing = hasRawAliasing!T || hasObjects!T || anySatisfy!(isAliasingDelegate, T, RepresentationTypeTuple!T); } } /// @safe unittest { struct S1 { int a; Object b; } struct S2 { string a; } struct S3 { int a; immutable Object b; } struct S4 { float[3] vals; } static assert( hasAliasing!S1); static assert(!hasAliasing!S2); static assert(!hasAliasing!S3); static assert(!hasAliasing!S4); } @safe unittest { static assert( hasAliasing!(uint[uint])); static assert(!hasAliasing!(immutable(uint[uint]))); static assert( hasAliasing!(void delegate())); static assert( hasAliasing!(void delegate() const)); static assert(!hasAliasing!(void delegate() immutable)); static assert( hasAliasing!(void delegate() shared)); static assert( hasAliasing!(void delegate() shared const)); static assert( hasAliasing!(const(void delegate()))); static assert( hasAliasing!(const(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(const(void delegate() immutable))); static assert( hasAliasing!(const(void delegate() shared))); static assert( hasAliasing!(const(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(immutable(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() shared const))); static assert( hasAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate())))); static assert( hasAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() const)))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() immutable)))); static assert( hasAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() shared)))); static assert( hasAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() shared const)))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(void function())); interface I; static assert( hasAliasing!I); import std.typecons : Rebindable; static assert( hasAliasing!(Rebindable!(const Object))); static assert(!hasAliasing!(Rebindable!(immutable Object))); static assert( hasAliasing!(Rebindable!(shared Object))); static assert( hasAliasing!(Rebindable!Object)); struct S5 { void delegate() immutable b; shared(void delegate() immutable) f; immutable(void delegate() immutable) j; shared(const(void delegate() immutable)) n; } struct S6 { typeof(S5.tupleof) a; void delegate() p; } static assert(!hasAliasing!S5); static assert( hasAliasing!S6); struct S7 { void delegate() a; int b; Object c; } class S8 { int a; int b; } class S9 { typeof(S8.tupleof) a; } class S10 { typeof(S8.tupleof) a; int* b; } static assert( hasAliasing!S7); static assert( hasAliasing!S8); static assert( hasAliasing!S9); static assert( hasAliasing!S10); struct S11 {} class S12 {} interface S13 {} union S14 {} static assert(!hasAliasing!S11); static assert( hasAliasing!S12); static assert( hasAliasing!S13); static assert(!hasAliasing!S14); } /** Returns $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation includes at least one of the following: $(OL $(LI a raw pointer $(D U*);) $(LI an array $(D U[]);) $(LI a reference to a class type $(D C).) $(LI an associative array.) $(LI a delegate.)) */ template hasIndirections(T) { import std.meta : anySatisfy; static if (is(T == struct) || is(T == union)) enum hasIndirections = anySatisfy!(.hasIndirections, FieldTypeTuple!T); else static if (isStaticArray!T && is(T : E[N], E, size_t N)) enum hasIndirections = is(E == void) ? true : hasIndirections!E; else static if (isFunctionPointer!T) enum hasIndirections = false; else enum hasIndirections = isPointer!T || isDelegate!T || isDynamicArray!T || isAssociativeArray!T || is (T == class) || is(T == interface); } /// @safe unittest { static assert( hasIndirections!(int[string])); static assert( hasIndirections!(void delegate())); static assert( hasIndirections!(void delegate() immutable)); static assert( hasIndirections!(immutable(void delegate()))); static assert( hasIndirections!(immutable(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasIndirections!(void function())); static assert( hasIndirections!(void*[1])); static assert(!hasIndirections!(byte[1])); } @safe unittest { // void static array hides actual type of bits, so "may have indirections". static assert( hasIndirections!(void[1])); interface I {} struct S1 {} struct S2 { int a; } struct S3 { int a; int b; } struct S4 { int a; int* b; } struct S5 { int a; Object b; } struct S6 { int a; string b; } struct S7 { int a; immutable Object b; } struct S8 { int a; immutable I b; } struct S9 { int a; void delegate() b; } struct S10 { int a; immutable(void delegate()) b; } struct S11 { int a; void delegate() immutable b; } struct S12 { int a; immutable(void delegate() immutable) b; } class S13 {} class S14 { int a; } class S15 { int a; int b; } class S16 { int a; Object b; } class S17 { string a; } class S18 { int a; immutable Object b; } class S19 { int a; immutable(void delegate() immutable) b; } union S20 {} union S21 { int a; } union S22 { int a; int b; } union S23 { int a; Object b; } union S24 { string a; } union S25 { int a; immutable Object b; } union S26 { int a; immutable(void delegate() immutable) b; } static assert( hasIndirections!I); static assert(!hasIndirections!S1); static assert(!hasIndirections!S2); static assert(!hasIndirections!S3); static assert( hasIndirections!S4); static assert( hasIndirections!S5); static assert( hasIndirections!S6); static assert( hasIndirections!S7); static assert( hasIndirections!S8); static assert( hasIndirections!S9); static assert( hasIndirections!S10); static assert( hasIndirections!S12); static assert( hasIndirections!S13); static assert( hasIndirections!S14); static assert( hasIndirections!S15); static assert( hasIndirections!S16); static assert( hasIndirections!S17); static assert( hasIndirections!S18); static assert( hasIndirections!S19); static assert(!hasIndirections!S20); static assert(!hasIndirections!S21); static assert(!hasIndirections!S22); static assert( hasIndirections!S23); static assert( hasIndirections!S24); static assert( hasIndirections!S25); static assert( hasIndirections!S26); } @safe unittest //12000 { static struct S(T) { static assert(hasIndirections!T); } static class A(T) { S!A a; } A!int dummy; } /** Returns $(D true) if and only if $(D T)'s representation includes at least one of the following: $(OL $(LI a raw pointer $(D U*) and $(D U) is not immutable or shared;) $(LI an array $(D U[]) and $(D U) is not immutable or shared;) $(LI a reference to a class type $(D C) and $(D C) is not immutable or shared.) $(LI an associative array that is not immutable or shared.) $(LI a delegate that is not shared.)) */ template hasUnsharedAliasing(T...) { import std.meta : anySatisfy; import std.typecons : Rebindable; static if (!T.length) { enum hasUnsharedAliasing = false; } else static if (is(T[0] R: Rebindable!R)) { enum hasUnsharedAliasing = hasUnsharedAliasing!R; } else { template unsharedDelegate(T) { enum bool unsharedDelegate = isDelegate!T && !is(T == shared) && !is(T == shared) && !is(T == immutable) && !is(FunctionTypeOf!T == shared) && !is(FunctionTypeOf!T == immutable); } enum hasUnsharedAliasing = hasRawUnsharedAliasing!(T[0]) || anySatisfy!(unsharedDelegate, RepresentationTypeTuple!(T[0])) || hasUnsharedObjects!(T[0]) || hasUnsharedAliasing!(T[1..$]); } } /// @safe unittest { struct S1 { int a; Object b; } struct S2 { string a; } struct S3 { int a; immutable Object b; } static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S1); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S2); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S3); struct S4 { int a; shared Object b; } struct S5 { char[] a; } struct S6 { shared char[] b; } struct S7 { float[3] vals; } static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S4); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S5); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S6); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S7); } @safe unittest { /* Issue 6642 */ import std.typecons : Rebindable; struct S8 { int a; Rebindable!(immutable Object) b; } static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S8); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(uint[uint])); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate())); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() const)); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() immutable)); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() shared)); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(void delegate() shared const)); } @safe unittest { import std.typecons : Rebindable; static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate()))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(const(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate()))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() const))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() immutable))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() shared))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(void delegate() shared const))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate())))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() const)))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() immutable)))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() shared)))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(const(void delegate() shared const)))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(void function())); interface I {} static assert(hasUnsharedAliasing!I); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(Rebindable!(const Object))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(Rebindable!(immutable Object))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(Rebindable!(shared Object))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(Rebindable!Object)); /* Issue 6979 */ static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(int, shared(int)*)); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(int, int*)); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(int, const(int)[])); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!(int, shared(int)*, Rebindable!Object)); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(int)*, Rebindable!(shared Object))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!()); struct S9 { void delegate() shared a; void delegate() immutable b; void delegate() shared const c; shared(void delegate()) d; shared(void delegate() shared) e; shared(void delegate() immutable) f; shared(void delegate() shared const) g; immutable(void delegate()) h; immutable(void delegate() shared) i; immutable(void delegate() immutable) j; immutable(void delegate() shared const) k; shared(const(void delegate())) l; shared(const(void delegate() shared)) m; shared(const(void delegate() immutable)) n; shared(const(void delegate() shared const)) o; } struct S10 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; void delegate() p; } struct S11 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; Object p; } struct S12 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; int* p; } class S13 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; } class S14 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; void delegate() p; } class S15 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; Object p; } class S16 { typeof(S9.tupleof) a; int* p; } static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S9); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S9))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S9))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S10); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S10))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S10))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S11); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S11))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S11))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S12); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S12))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S12))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S13); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S13))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S13))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S14); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S14))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S14))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S15); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S15))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S15))); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S16); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(immutable(S16))); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!(shared(S16))); struct S17 {} class S18 {} interface S19 {} union S20 {} static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S17); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S18); static assert( hasUnsharedAliasing!S19); static assert(!hasUnsharedAliasing!S20); } /** True if $(D S) or any type embedded directly in the representation of $(D S) defines an elaborate copy constructor. Elaborate copy constructors are introduced by defining $(D this(this)) for a $(D struct). Classes and unions never have elaborate copy constructors. */ template hasElaborateCopyConstructor(S) { import std.meta : anySatisfy; static if (isStaticArray!S && S.length) { enum bool hasElaborateCopyConstructor = hasElaborateCopyConstructor!(typeof(S.init[0])); } else static if (is(S == struct)) { enum hasElaborateCopyConstructor = hasMember!(S, "__postblit") || anySatisfy!(.hasElaborateCopyConstructor, FieldTypeTuple!S); } else { enum bool hasElaborateCopyConstructor = false; } } /// @safe unittest { static assert(!hasElaborateCopyConstructor!int); static struct S1 { } static struct S2 { this(this) {} } static struct S3 { S2 field; } static struct S4 { S3[1] field; } static struct S5 { S3[] field; } static struct S6 { S3[0] field; } static struct S7 { @disable this(); S3 field; } static assert(!hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S1); static assert( hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S2); static assert( hasElaborateCopyConstructor!(immutable S2)); static assert( hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S3); static assert( hasElaborateCopyConstructor!(S3[1])); static assert(!hasElaborateCopyConstructor!(S3[0])); static assert( hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S4); static assert(!hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S5); static assert(!hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S6); static assert( hasElaborateCopyConstructor!S7); } /** True if $(D S) or any type directly embedded in the representation of $(D S) defines an elaborate assignment. Elaborate assignments are introduced by defining $(D opAssign(typeof(this))) or $(D opAssign(ref typeof(this))) for a $(D struct) or when there is a compiler-generated $(D opAssign). A type $(D S) gets compiler-generated $(D opAssign) in case it has an elaborate copy constructor or elaborate destructor. Classes and unions never have elaborate assignments. Note: Structs with (possibly nested) postblit operator(s) will have a hidden yet elaborate compiler generated assignment operator (unless explicitly disabled). */ template hasElaborateAssign(S) { import std.meta : anySatisfy; static if (isStaticArray!S && S.length) { enum bool hasElaborateAssign = hasElaborateAssign!(typeof(S.init[0])); } else static if (is(S == struct)) { enum hasElaborateAssign = is(typeof(S.init.opAssign(rvalueOf!S))) || is(typeof(S.init.opAssign(lvalueOf!S))) || anySatisfy!(.hasElaborateAssign, FieldTypeTuple!S); } else { enum bool hasElaborateAssign = false; } } /// @safe unittest { static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!int); static struct S { void opAssign(S) {} } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!(const(S))); static struct S1 { void opAssign(ref S1) {} } static struct S2 { void opAssign(int) {} } static struct S3 { S s; } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S1); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!S2); static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S3); static assert( hasElaborateAssign!(S3[1])); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!(S3[0])); } @safe unittest { static struct S { void opAssign(S) {} } static struct S4 { void opAssign(U)(U u) {} @disable void opAssign(U)(ref U u); } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S4); static struct S41 { void opAssign(U)(ref U u) {} @disable void opAssign(U)(U u); } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S41); static struct S5 { @disable this(); this(int n){ s = S(); } S s; } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S5); static struct S6 { this(this) {} } static struct S7 { this(this) {} @disable void opAssign(S7); } static struct S8 { this(this) {} @disable void opAssign(S8); void opAssign(int) {} } static struct S9 { this(this) {} void opAssign(int) {} } static struct S10 { ~this() { } } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S6); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!S7); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!S8); static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S9); static assert( hasElaborateAssign!S10); static struct SS6 { S6 s; } static struct SS7 { S7 s; } static struct SS8 { S8 s; } static struct SS9 { S9 s; } static assert( hasElaborateAssign!SS6); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!SS7); static assert(!hasElaborateAssign!SS8); static assert( hasElaborateAssign!SS9); } /** True if $(D S) or any type directly embedded in the representation of $(D S) defines an elaborate destructor. Elaborate destructors are introduced by defining $(D ~this()) for a $(D struct). Classes and unions never have elaborate destructors, even though classes may define $(D ~this()). */ template hasElaborateDestructor(S) { import std.meta : anySatisfy; static if (isStaticArray!S && S.length) { enum bool hasElaborateDestructor = hasElaborateDestructor!(typeof(S.init[0])); } else static if (is(S == struct)) { enum hasElaborateDestructor = hasMember!(S, "__dtor") || anySatisfy!(.hasElaborateDestructor, FieldTypeTuple!S); } else { enum bool hasElaborateDestructor = false; } } /// @safe unittest { static assert(!hasElaborateDestructor!int); static struct S1 { } static struct S2 { ~this() {} } static struct S3 { S2 field; } static struct S4 { S3[1] field; } static struct S5 { S3[] field; } static struct S6 { S3[0] field; } static struct S7 { @disable this(); S3 field; } static assert(!hasElaborateDestructor!S1); static assert( hasElaborateDestructor!S2); static assert( hasElaborateDestructor!(immutable S2)); static assert( hasElaborateDestructor!S3); static assert( hasElaborateDestructor!(S3[1])); static assert(!hasElaborateDestructor!(S3[0])); static assert( hasElaborateDestructor!S4); static assert(!hasElaborateDestructor!S5); static assert(!hasElaborateDestructor!S6); static assert( hasElaborateDestructor!S7); } package alias Identity(alias A) = A; /** Yields $(D true) if and only if $(D T) is an aggregate that defines a symbol called $(D name). */ enum hasMember(T, string name) = __traits(hasMember, T, name); /// @safe unittest { static assert(!hasMember!(int, "blah")); struct S1 { int blah; } struct S2 { int blah(){ return 0; } } class C1 { int blah; } class C2 { int blah(){ return 0; } } static assert(hasMember!(S1, "blah")); static assert(hasMember!(S2, "blah")); static assert(hasMember!(C1, "blah")); static assert(hasMember!(C2, "blah")); } @safe unittest { // 8321 struct S { int x; void f(){} void t()(){} template T(){} } struct R1(T) { T t; alias t this; } struct R2(T) { T t; @property ref inout(T) payload() inout { return t; } alias t this; } static assert(hasMember!(S, "x")); static assert(hasMember!(S, "f")); static assert(hasMember!(S, "t")); static assert(hasMember!(S, "T")); static assert(hasMember!(R1!S, "x")); static assert(hasMember!(R1!S, "f")); static assert(hasMember!(R1!S, "t")); static assert(hasMember!(R1!S, "T")); static assert(hasMember!(R2!S, "x")); static assert(hasMember!(R2!S, "f")); static assert(hasMember!(R2!S, "t")); static assert(hasMember!(R2!S, "T")); } @safe unittest { static struct S { void opDispatch(string n, A)(A dummy) {} } static assert(hasMember!(S, "foo")); } /** * Whether the symbol represented by the string, member, exists and is a static member of T. * * Params: * T = Type containing symbol $(D member). * member = Name of symbol to test that resides in $(D T). * * Returns: * $(D true) iff $(D member) exists and is static. */ template hasStaticMember(T, string member) { static if (__traits(hasMember, T, member)) { import std.meta : Alias; alias sym = Alias!(__traits(getMember, T, member)); static if (__traits(getOverloads, T, member).length == 0) enum bool hasStaticMember = __traits(compiles, &sym); else enum bool hasStaticMember = __traits(isStaticFunction, sym); } else { enum bool hasStaticMember = false; } } /// @safe unittest { static struct S { static void sf() {} void f() {} static int si; int i; } static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "sf")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "f")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "si")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "i")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "hello")); } @safe unittest { static struct S { enum X = 10; enum Y { i = 10 } struct S {} class C {} static int sx = 0; __gshared int gx = 0; Y y; static Y sy; static void f(); static void f2() pure nothrow @nogc @safe; shared void g(); static void function() fp; __gshared void function() gfp; void function() fpm; void delegate() dm; static void delegate() sd; void m(); void m2() const pure nothrow @nogc @safe; inout(int) iom() inout; static inout(int) iosf(inout int x); @property int p(); static @property int sp(); } static class C { enum X = 10; enum Y { i = 10 } struct S {} class C {} static int sx = 0; __gshared int gx = 0; Y y; static Y sy; static void f(); static void f2() pure nothrow @nogc @safe; shared void g() { } static void function() fp; __gshared void function() gfp; void function() fpm; void delegate() dm; static void delegate() sd; void m() {} final void m2() const pure nothrow @nogc @safe; inout(int) iom() inout { return 10; } static inout(int) iosf(inout int x); @property int p() { return 10; } static @property int sp(); } static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "X")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "Y")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "Y.i")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "S")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "C")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "sx")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "gx")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "y")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "sy")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "f")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "f2")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "dm")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "sd")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "g")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "fp")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "gfp")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "fpm")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "m")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "m2")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "iom")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "iosf")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "p")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "sp")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "X")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "Y")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "Y.i")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "S")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "C")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "sx")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "gx")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "y")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "sy")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "f")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "f2")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(S, "dm")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(S, "sd")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "g")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "fp")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "gfp")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "fpm")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "m")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "m2")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "iom")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "iosf")); static assert(!hasStaticMember!(C, "p")); static assert( hasStaticMember!(C, "sp")); } /** Retrieves the members of an enumerated type $(D enum E). Params: E = An enumerated type. $(D E) may have duplicated values. Returns: Static tuple composed of the members of the enumerated type $(D E). The members are arranged in the same order as declared in $(D E). Note: An enum can have multiple members which have the same value. If you want to use EnumMembers to e.g. generate switch cases at compile-time, you should use the $(REF NoDuplicates, std,meta) template to avoid generating duplicate switch cases. Note: Returned values are strictly typed with $(D E). Thus, the following code does not work without the explicit cast: -------------------- enum E : int { a, b, c } int[] abc = cast(int[]) [ EnumMembers!E ]; -------------------- Cast is not necessary if the type of the variable is inferred. See the example below. Example: Creating an array of enumerated values: -------------------- enum Sqrts : real { one = 1, two = 1.41421, three = 1.73205, } auto sqrts = [ EnumMembers!Sqrts ]; assert(sqrts == [ Sqrts.one, Sqrts.two, Sqrts.three ]); -------------------- A generic function $(D rank(v)) in the following example uses this template for finding a member $(D e) in an enumerated type $(D E). -------------------- // Returns i if e is the i-th enumerator of E. size_t rank(E)(E e) if (is(E == enum)) { foreach (i, member; EnumMembers!E) { if (e == member) return i; } assert(0, "Not an enum member"); } enum Mode { read = 1, write = 2, map = 4, } assert(rank(Mode.read ) == 0); assert(rank(Mode.write) == 1); assert(rank(Mode.map ) == 2); -------------------- */ template EnumMembers(E) if (is(E == enum)) { import std.meta : AliasSeq; // Supply the specified identifier to an constant value. template WithIdentifier(string ident) { static if (ident == "Symbolize") { template Symbolize(alias value) { enum Symbolize = value; } } else { mixin("template Symbolize(alias "~ ident ~")" ~"{" ~"alias Symbolize = "~ ident ~";" ~"}"); } } template EnumSpecificMembers(names...) { static if (names.length == 1) { alias EnumSpecificMembers = AliasSeq!(WithIdentifier!(names[0]) .Symbolize!(__traits(getMember, E, names[0]))); } else static if (names.length > 0) { alias EnumSpecificMembers = AliasSeq!( WithIdentifier!(names[0]) .Symbolize!(__traits(getMember, E, names[0])), EnumSpecificMembers!(names[1 .. $/2]), EnumSpecificMembers!(names[$/2..$]) ); } else { alias EnumSpecificMembers = AliasSeq!(); } } alias EnumMembers = EnumSpecificMembers!(__traits(allMembers, E)); } @safe unittest { enum A { a } static assert([ EnumMembers!A ] == [ A.a ]); enum B { a, b, c, d, e } static assert([ EnumMembers!B ] == [ B.a, B.b, B.c, B.d, B.e ]); } @safe unittest // typed enums { enum A : string { a = "alpha", b = "beta" } static assert([ EnumMembers!A ] == [ A.a, A.b ]); static struct S { int value; int opCmp(S rhs) const nothrow { return value - rhs.value; } } enum B : S { a = S(1), b = S(2), c = S(3) } static assert([ EnumMembers!B ] == [ B.a, B.b, B.c ]); } @safe unittest // duplicated values { enum A { a = 0, b = 0, c = 1, d = 1, e } static assert([ EnumMembers!A ] == [ A.a, A.b, A.c, A.d, A.e ]); } @safe unittest // Bugzilla 14561: huge enums { string genEnum() { string result = "enum TLAs {"; foreach (c0; '0'..'2'+1) foreach (c1; '0'..'9'+1) foreach (c2; '0'..'9'+1) foreach (c3; '0'..'9'+1) { result ~= '_'; result ~= c0; result ~= c1; result ~= c2; result ~= c3; result ~= ','; } result ~= '}'; return result; } mixin(genEnum); static assert(EnumMembers!TLAs[0] == TLAs._0000); static assert(EnumMembers!TLAs[$-1] == TLAs._2999); } @safe unittest { enum E { member, a = 0, b = 0 } static assert(__traits(identifier, EnumMembers!E[0]) == "member"); static assert(__traits(identifier, EnumMembers!E[1]) == "a"); static assert(__traits(identifier, EnumMembers!E[2]) == "b"); } //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // Classes and Interfaces //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// /*** * Get a $(D_PARAM AliasSeq) of the base class and base interfaces of * this class or interface. $(D_PARAM BaseTypeTuple!Object) returns * the empty type tuple. */ template BaseTypeTuple(A) { static if (is(A P == super)) alias BaseTypeTuple = P; else static assert(0, "argument is not a class or interface"); } /// @safe unittest { interface I1 { } interface I2 { } interface I12 : I1, I2 { } static assert(is(BaseTypeTuple!I12 == AliasSeq!(I1, I2))); interface I3 : I1 { } interface I123 : I1, I2, I3 { } static assert(is(BaseTypeTuple!I123 == AliasSeq!(I1, I2, I3))); } @safe unittest { interface I1 { } interface I2 { } class A { } class C : A, I1, I2 { } alias TL = BaseTypeTuple!C; assert(TL.length == 3); assert(is (TL[0] == A)); assert(is (TL[1] == I1)); assert(is (TL[2] == I2)); assert(BaseTypeTuple!Object.length == 0); } /** * Get a $(D_PARAM AliasSeq) of $(I all) base classes of this class, * in decreasing order. Interfaces are not included. $(D_PARAM * BaseClassesTuple!Object) yields the empty type tuple. */ template BaseClassesTuple(T) if (is(T == class)) { static if (is(T == Object)) { alias BaseClassesTuple = AliasSeq!(); } else static if (is(BaseTypeTuple!T[0] == Object)) { alias BaseClassesTuple = AliasSeq!Object; } else { alias BaseClassesTuple = AliasSeq!(BaseTypeTuple!T[0], BaseClassesTuple!(BaseTypeTuple!T[0])); } } /// @safe unittest { class C1 { } class C2 : C1 { } class C3 : C2 { } static assert(!BaseClassesTuple!Object.length); static assert(is(BaseClassesTuple!C1 == AliasSeq!(Object))); static assert(is(BaseClassesTuple!C2 == AliasSeq!(C1, Object))); static assert(is(BaseClassesTuple!C3 == AliasSeq!(C2, C1, Object))); } @safe unittest { struct S { } static assert(!__traits(compiles, BaseClassesTuple!S)); interface I { } static assert(!__traits(compiles, BaseClassesTuple!I)); class C4 : I { } class C5 : C4, I { } static assert(is(BaseClassesTuple!C5 == AliasSeq!(C4, Object))); } /** * Get a $(D_PARAM AliasSeq) of $(I all) interfaces directly or * indirectly inherited by this class or interface. Interfaces do not * repeat if multiply implemented. $(D_PARAM InterfacesTuple!Object) * yields the empty type tuple. */ template InterfacesTuple(T) { import std.meta : NoDuplicates; template Flatten(H, T...) { static if (T.length) { alias Flatten = AliasSeq!(Flatten!H, Flatten!T); } else { static if (is(H == interface)) alias Flatten = AliasSeq!(H, InterfacesTuple!H); else alias Flatten = InterfacesTuple!H; } } static if (is(T S == super) && S.length) alias InterfacesTuple = NoDuplicates!(Flatten!S); else alias InterfacesTuple = AliasSeq!(); } @safe unittest { // doc example interface I1 {} interface I2 {} class A : I1, I2 { } class B : A, I1 { } class C : B { } alias TL = InterfacesTuple!C; static assert(is(TL[0] == I1) && is(TL[1] == I2)); } @safe unittest { interface Iaa {} interface Iab {} interface Iba {} interface Ibb {} interface Ia : Iaa, Iab {} interface Ib : Iba, Ibb {} interface I : Ia, Ib {} interface J {} class B2 : J {} class C2 : B2, Ia, Ib {} static assert(is(InterfacesTuple!I == AliasSeq!(Ia, Iaa, Iab, Ib, Iba, Ibb))); static assert(is(InterfacesTuple!C2 == AliasSeq!(J, Ia, Iaa, Iab, Ib, Iba, Ibb))); } /** * Get a $(D_PARAM AliasSeq) of $(I all) base classes of $(D_PARAM * T), in decreasing order, followed by $(D_PARAM T)'s * interfaces. $(D_PARAM TransitiveBaseTypeTuple!Object) yields the * empty type tuple. */ template TransitiveBaseTypeTuple(T) { static if (is(T == Object)) alias TransitiveBaseTypeTuple = AliasSeq!(); else alias TransitiveBaseTypeTuple = AliasSeq!(BaseClassesTuple!T, InterfacesTuple!T); } /// @safe unittest { interface J1 {} interface J2 {} class B1 {} class B2 : B1, J1, J2 {} class B3 : B2, J1 {} alias TL = TransitiveBaseTypeTuple!B3; assert(TL.length == 5); assert(is (TL[0] == B2)); assert(is (TL[1] == B1)); assert(is (TL[2] == Object)); assert(is (TL[3] == J1)); assert(is (TL[4] == J2)); assert(TransitiveBaseTypeTuple!Object.length == 0); } /** Returns a tuple of non-static functions with the name $(D name) declared in the class or interface $(D C). Covariant duplicates are shrunk into the most derived one. */ template MemberFunctionsTuple(C, string name) if (is(C == class) || is(C == interface)) { static if (__traits(hasMember, C, name)) { /* * First, collect all overloads in the class hierarchy. */ template CollectOverloads(Node) { static if (__traits(hasMember, Node, name) && __traits(compiles, __traits(getMember, Node, name))) { // Get all overloads in sight (not hidden). alias inSight = AliasSeq!(__traits(getVirtualFunctions, Node, name)); // And collect all overloads in ancestor classes to reveal hidden // methods. The result may contain duplicates. template walkThru(Parents...) { static if (Parents.length > 0) alias walkThru = AliasSeq!( CollectOverloads!(Parents[0]), walkThru!(Parents[1 .. $]) ); else alias walkThru = AliasSeq!(); } static if (is(Node Parents == super)) alias CollectOverloads = AliasSeq!(inSight, walkThru!Parents); else alias CollectOverloads = AliasSeq!inSight; } else alias CollectOverloads = AliasSeq!(); // no overloads in this hierarchy } // duplicates in this tuple will be removed by shrink() alias overloads = CollectOverloads!C; // shrinkOne!args[0] = the most derived one in the covariant siblings of target // shrinkOne!args[1..$] = non-covariant others template shrinkOne(/+ alias target, rest... +/ args...) { import std.meta : AliasSeq; alias target = args[0 .. 1]; // prevent property functions from being evaluated alias rest = args[1 .. $]; static if (rest.length > 0) { alias Target = FunctionTypeOf!target; alias Rest0 = FunctionTypeOf!(rest[0]); static if (isCovariantWith!(Target, Rest0) && isCovariantWith!(Rest0, Target)) { // One of these overrides the other. Choose the one from the most derived parent. static if (is(AliasSeq!(__traits(parent, target))[0] : AliasSeq!(__traits(parent, rest[0]))[0])) alias shrinkOne = shrinkOne!(target, rest[1 .. $]); else alias shrinkOne = shrinkOne!(rest[0], rest[1 .. $]); } else static if (isCovariantWith!(Target, Rest0)) // target overrides rest[0] -- erase rest[0]. alias shrinkOne = shrinkOne!(target, rest[1 .. $]); else static if (isCovariantWith!(Rest0, Target)) // rest[0] overrides target -- erase target. alias shrinkOne = shrinkOne!(rest[0], rest[1 .. $]); else // target and rest[0] are distinct. alias shrinkOne = AliasSeq!( shrinkOne!(target, rest[1 .. $]), rest[0] // keep ); } else alias shrinkOne = AliasSeq!target; // done } /* * Now shrink covariant overloads into one. */ template shrink(overloads...) { static if (overloads.length > 0) { alias temp = shrinkOne!overloads; alias shrink = AliasSeq!(temp[0], shrink!(temp[1 .. $])); } else alias shrink = AliasSeq!(); // done } // done. alias MemberFunctionsTuple = shrink!overloads; } else alias MemberFunctionsTuple = AliasSeq!(); } /// @safe unittest { interface I { I foo(); } class B { real foo(real v) { return v; } } class C : B, I { override C foo() { return this; } // covariant overriding of I.foo() } alias foos = MemberFunctionsTuple!(C, "foo"); static assert(foos.length == 2); static assert(__traits(isSame, foos[0], C.foo)); static assert(__traits(isSame, foos[1], B.foo)); } @safe unittest // Issue 15920 { import std.meta : AliasSeq; class A { void f(){} void f(int){} } class B : A { override void f(){} override void f(int){} } alias fs = MemberFunctionsTuple!(B, "f"); alias bfs = AliasSeq!(__traits(getOverloads, B, "f")); assert(__traits(isSame, fs[0], bfs[0]) || __traits(isSame, fs[0], bfs[1])); assert(__traits(isSame, fs[1], bfs[0]) || __traits(isSame, fs[1], bfs[1])); } @safe unittest { interface I { I test(); } interface J : I { J test(); } interface K { K test(int); } class B : I, K { K test(int) { return this; } B test() { return this; } static void test(string) { } } class C : B, J { override C test() { return this; } } alias test =MemberFunctionsTuple!(C, "test"); static assert(test.length == 2); static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!(test[0]) == FunctionTypeOf!(C.test))); static assert(is(FunctionTypeOf!(test[1]) == FunctionTypeOf!(K.test))); alias noexist = MemberFunctionsTuple!(C, "noexist"); static assert(noexist.length == 0); interface L { int prop() @property; } alias prop = MemberFunctionsTuple!(L, "prop"); static assert(prop.length == 1); interface Test_I { void foo(); void foo(int); void foo(int, int); } interface Test : Test_I {} alias Test_foo = MemberFunctionsTuple!(Test, "foo"); static assert(Test_foo.length == 3); static assert(is(typeof(&Test_foo[0]) == void function())); static assert(is(typeof(&Test_foo[2]) == void function(int))); static assert(is(typeof(&Test_foo[1]) == void function(int, int))); } /** Returns an alias to the template that $(D T) is an instance of. */ template TemplateOf(alias T : Base!Args, alias Base, Args...) { alias TemplateOf = Base; } /// ditto template TemplateOf(T : Base!Args, alias Base, Args...) { alias TemplateOf = Base; } /// @safe unittest { struct Foo(T, U) {} static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo!(int, real)), Foo)); } @safe unittest { template Foo1(A) {} template Foo2(A, B) {} template Foo3(alias A) {} template Foo4(string A) {} struct Foo5(A) {} struct Foo6(A, B) {} struct Foo7(alias A) {} template Foo8(A) { template Foo9(B) {} } template Foo10() {} static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo1!(int)), Foo1)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo2!(int, int)), Foo2)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo3!(123)), Foo3)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo4!("123")), Foo4)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo5!(int)), Foo5)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo6!(int, int)), Foo6)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo7!(123)), Foo7)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo8!(int).Foo9!(real)), Foo8!(int).Foo9)); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateOf!(Foo10!()), Foo10)); } /** Returns a $(D AliasSeq) of the template arguments used to instantiate $(D T). */ template TemplateArgsOf(alias T : Base!Args, alias Base, Args...) { alias TemplateArgsOf = Args; } /// ditto template TemplateArgsOf(T : Base!Args, alias Base, Args...) { alias TemplateArgsOf = Args; } /// @safe unittest { struct Foo(T, U) {} static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo!(int, real)) == AliasSeq!(int, real))); } @safe unittest { template Foo1(A) {} template Foo2(A, B) {} template Foo3(alias A) {} template Foo4(string A) {} struct Foo5(A) {} struct Foo6(A, B) {} struct Foo7(alias A) {} template Foo8(A) { template Foo9(B) {} } template Foo10() {} enum x = 123; enum y = "123"; static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo1!(int)) == AliasSeq!(int))); static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo2!(int, int)) == AliasSeq!(int, int))); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateArgsOf!(Foo3!(x)), AliasSeq!(x))); static assert(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo4!(y)) == AliasSeq!(y)); static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo5!(int)) == AliasSeq!(int))); static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo6!(int, int)) == AliasSeq!(int, int))); static assert(__traits(isSame, TemplateArgsOf!(Foo7!(x)), AliasSeq!(x))); static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo8!(int).Foo9!(real)) == AliasSeq!(real))); static assert(is(TemplateArgsOf!(Foo10!()) == AliasSeq!())); } private template maxAlignment(U...) if (isTypeTuple!U) { import std.meta : staticMap; static if (U.length == 0) static assert(0); else static if (U.length == 1) enum maxAlignment = U[0].alignof; else { import std.algorithm.comparison : max; enum maxAlignment = max(staticMap!(.maxAlignment, U)); } } /** Returns class instance alignment. */ template classInstanceAlignment(T) if (is(T == class)) { alias classInstanceAlignment = maxAlignment!(void*, typeof(T.tupleof)); } /// @safe unittest { class A { byte b; } class B { long l; } // As class instance always has a hidden pointer static assert(classInstanceAlignment!A == (void*).alignof); static assert(classInstanceAlignment!B == long.alignof); } //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // Type Conversion //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// /** Get the type that all types can be implicitly converted to. Useful e.g. in figuring out an array type from a bunch of initializing values. Returns $(D_PARAM void) if passed an empty list, or if the types have no common type. */ template CommonType(T...) { static if (!T.length) { alias CommonType = void; } else static if (T.length == 1) { static if (is(typeof(T[0]))) { alias CommonType = typeof(T[0]); } else { alias CommonType = T[0]; } } else static if (is(typeof(true ? T[0].init : T[1].init) U)) { alias CommonType = CommonType!(U, T[2 .. $]); } else alias CommonType = void; } /// @safe unittest { alias X = CommonType!(int, long, short); assert(is(X == long)); alias Y = CommonType!(int, char[], short); assert(is(Y == void)); } @safe unittest { static assert(is(CommonType!(3) == int)); static assert(is(CommonType!(double, 4, float) == double)); static assert(is(CommonType!(string, char[]) == const(char)[])); static assert(is(CommonType!(3, 3U) == uint)); } /** * Returns a tuple with all possible target types of an implicit * conversion of a value of type $(D_PARAM T). * * Important note: * * The possible targets are computed more conservatively than the D * 2.005 compiler does, eliminating all dangerous conversions. For * example, $(D_PARAM ImplicitConversionTargets!double) does not * include $(D_PARAM float). */ template ImplicitConversionTargets(T) { static if (is(T == bool)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(byte, ubyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real, char, wchar, dchar); else static if (is(T == byte)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real, char, wchar, dchar); else static if (is(T == ubyte)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real, char, wchar, dchar); else static if (is(T == short)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T == ushort)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T == int)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T == uint)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T == long)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(float, double, real); else static if (is(T == ulong)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(float, double, real); else static if (is(cent) && is(T == cent)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(float, double, real); else static if (is(ucent) && is(T == ucent)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(float, double, real); else static if (is(T == float)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(double, real); else static if (is(T == double)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!real; else static if (is(T == char)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(wchar, dchar, byte, ubyte, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T == wchar)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(dchar, short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T == dchar)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(int, uint, long, ulong, CentTypeList, float, double, real); else static if (is(T : typeof(null))) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(typeof(null)); else static if (is(T : Object)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = TransitiveBaseTypeTuple!(T); else static if (isDynamicArray!T && !is(typeof(T.init[0]) == const)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(const(Unqual!(typeof(T.init[0])))[]); else static if (is(T : void*)) alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(void*); else alias ImplicitConversionTargets = AliasSeq!(); } @safe unittest { static assert(is(ImplicitConversionTargets!(double)[0] == real)); static assert(is(ImplicitConversionTargets!(string)[0] == const(char)[])); } /** Is $(D From) implicitly convertible to $(D To)? */ template isImplicitlyConvertible(From, To) { enum bool isImplicitlyConvertible = is(typeof({ void fun(ref From v) { void gun(To) {} gun(v); } })); } /// @safe unittest { static assert( isImplicitlyConvertible!(immutable(char), char)); static assert( isImplicitlyConvertible!(const(char), char)); static assert( isImplicitlyConvertible!(char, wchar)); static assert(!isImplicitlyConvertible!(wchar, char)); static assert(!isImplicitlyConvertible!(const(ushort), ubyte)); static assert(!isImplicitlyConvertible!(const(uint), ubyte)); static assert(!isImplicitlyConvertible!(const(ulong), ubyte)); static assert(!isImplicitlyConvertible!(const(char)[], string)); static assert( isImplicitlyConvertible!(string, const(char)[])); } /** Returns $(D true) iff a value of type $(D Rhs) can be assigned to a variable of type $(D Lhs). $(D isAssignable) returns whether both an lvalue and rvalue can be assigned. If you omit $(D Rhs), $(D isAssignable) will check identity assignable of $(D Lhs). */ enum isAssignable(Lhs, Rhs = Lhs) = isRvalueAssignable!(Lhs, Rhs) && isLvalueAssignable!(Lhs, Rhs); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isAssignable!(long, int)); static assert(!isAssignable!(int, long)); static assert( isAssignable!(const(char)[], string)); static assert(!isAssignable!(string, char[])); // int is assignable to int static assert( isAssignable!int); // immutable int is not assignable to immutable int static assert(!isAssignable!(immutable int)); } // ditto private enum isRvalueAssignable(Lhs, Rhs = Lhs) = __traits(compiles, lvalueOf!Lhs = rvalueOf!Rhs); // ditto private enum isLvalueAssignable(Lhs, Rhs = Lhs) = __traits(compiles, lvalueOf!Lhs = lvalueOf!Rhs); @safe unittest { static assert(!isAssignable!(immutable int, int)); static assert( isAssignable!(int, immutable int)); static assert(!isAssignable!(inout int, int)); static assert( isAssignable!(int, inout int)); static assert(!isAssignable!(inout int)); static assert( isAssignable!(shared int, int)); static assert( isAssignable!(int, shared int)); static assert( isAssignable!(shared int)); static assert( isAssignable!(void[1], void[1])); struct S { @disable this(); this(int n){} } static assert( isAssignable!(S, S)); struct S2 { this(int n){} } static assert( isAssignable!(S2, S2)); static assert(!isAssignable!(S2, int)); struct S3 { @disable void opAssign(); } static assert( isAssignable!(S3, S3)); struct S3X { @disable void opAssign(S3X); } static assert(!isAssignable!(S3X, S3X)); struct S4 { void opAssign(int); } static assert( isAssignable!(S4, S4)); static assert( isAssignable!(S4, int)); static assert( isAssignable!(S4, immutable int)); struct S5 { @disable this(); @disable this(this); } struct S6 { void opAssign(in ref S5); } static assert(!isAssignable!(S6, S5)); static assert(!isRvalueAssignable!(S6, S5)); static assert( isLvalueAssignable!(S6, S5)); static assert( isLvalueAssignable!(S6, immutable S5)); } // Equivalent with TypeStruct::isAssignable in compiler code. package template isBlitAssignable(T) { static if (is(OriginalType!T U) && !is(T == U)) { enum isBlitAssignable = isBlitAssignable!U; } else static if (isStaticArray!T && is(T == E[n], E, size_t n)) // Workaround for issue 11499 : isStaticArray!T should not be necessary. { enum isBlitAssignable = isBlitAssignable!E; } else static if (is(T == struct) || is(T == union)) { enum isBlitAssignable = isMutable!T && { size_t offset = 0; bool assignable = true; foreach (i, F; FieldTypeTuple!T) { static if (i == 0) { } else { if (T.tupleof[i].offsetof == offset) { if (assignable) continue; } else { if (!assignable) return false; } } assignable = isBlitAssignable!(typeof(T.tupleof[i])); offset = T.tupleof[i].offsetof; } return assignable; }(); } else enum isBlitAssignable = isMutable!T; } @safe unittest { static assert( isBlitAssignable!int); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(const int)); class C{ const int i; } static assert( isBlitAssignable!C); struct S1{ int i; } struct S2{ const int i; } static assert( isBlitAssignable!S1); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!S2); struct S3X { union { int x; int y; } } struct S3Y { union { int x; const int y; } } struct S3Z { union { const int x; const int y; } } static assert( isBlitAssignable!(S3X)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(S3Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(S3Z)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(const S3X)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(inout S3Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(immutable S3Z)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(S3X[3])); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(S3Y[3])); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(S3Z[3])); enum ES3X : S3X { a = S3X() } enum ES3Y : S3Y { a = S3Y() } enum ES3Z : S3Z { a = S3Z() } static assert( isBlitAssignable!(ES3X)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(ES3Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(ES3Z)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(const ES3X)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(inout ES3Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(immutable ES3Z)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(ES3X[3])); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(ES3Y[3])); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(ES3Z[3])); union U1X { int x; int y; } union U1Y { int x; const int y; } union U1Z { const int x; const int y; } static assert( isBlitAssignable!(U1X)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(U1Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(U1Z)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(const U1X)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(inout U1Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(immutable U1Z)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(U1X[3])); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(U1Y[3])); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(U1Z[3])); enum EU1X : U1X { a = U1X() } enum EU1Y : U1Y { a = U1Y() } enum EU1Z : U1Z { a = U1Z() } static assert( isBlitAssignable!(EU1X)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(EU1Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(EU1Z)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(const EU1X)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(inout EU1Y)); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(immutable EU1Z)); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(EU1X[3])); static assert( isBlitAssignable!(EU1Y[3])); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(EU1Z[3])); struct SA { @property int[3] foo() { return [1,2,3]; } alias foo this; const int x; // SA is not blit assignable } static assert(!isStaticArray!SA); static assert(!isBlitAssignable!(SA[3])); } /* Works like $(D isImplicitlyConvertible), except this cares only about storage classes of the arguments. */ private template isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible(From, To) { alias Pointify(T) = void*; enum isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible = isImplicitlyConvertible!( ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Pointify, From), ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Pointify, To) ); } @safe unittest { static assert( isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!( int, const int)); static assert( isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!(immutable int, const int)); static assert(!isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!(const int, int)); static assert(!isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!(const int, immutable int)); static assert(!isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!(int, shared int)); static assert(!isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!(shared int, int)); } /** Determines whether the function type $(D F) is covariant with $(D G), i.e., functions of the type $(D F) can override ones of the type $(D G). */ template isCovariantWith(F, G) if (is(F == function) && is(G == function)) { static if (is(F : G)) enum isCovariantWith = true; else { alias Upr = F; alias Lwr = G; /* * Check for calling convention: require exact match. */ template checkLinkage() { enum ok = functionLinkage!Upr == functionLinkage!Lwr; } /* * Check for variadic parameter: require exact match. */ template checkVariadicity() { enum ok = variadicFunctionStyle!Upr == variadicFunctionStyle!Lwr; } /* * Check for function storage class: * - overrider can have narrower storage class than base */ template checkSTC() { // Note the order of arguments. The convertion order Lwr -> Upr is // correct since Upr should be semantically 'narrower' than Lwr. enum ok = isStorageClassImplicitlyConvertible!(Lwr, Upr); } /* * Check for function attributes: * - require exact match for ref and @property * - overrider can add pure and nothrow, but can't remove them * - @safe and @trusted are covariant with each other, unremovable */ template checkAttributes() { alias FA = FunctionAttribute; enum uprAtts = functionAttributes!Upr; enum lwrAtts = functionAttributes!Lwr; // enum wantExact = FA.ref_ | FA.property; enum safety = FA.safe | FA.trusted; enum ok = ( (uprAtts & wantExact) == (lwrAtts & wantExact)) && ( (uprAtts & FA.pure_ ) >= (lwrAtts & FA.pure_ )) && ( (uprAtts & FA.nothrow_) >= (lwrAtts & FA.nothrow_)) && (!!(uprAtts & safety ) >= !!(lwrAtts & safety )) ; } /* * Check for return type: usual implicit convertion. */ template checkReturnType() { enum ok = is(ReturnType!Upr : ReturnType!Lwr); } /* * Check for parameters: * - require exact match for types (cf. bugzilla 3075) * - require exact match for in, out, ref and lazy * - overrider can add scope, but can't remove */ template checkParameters() { alias STC = ParameterStorageClass; alias UprParams = Parameters!Upr; alias LwrParams = Parameters!Lwr; alias UprPSTCs = ParameterStorageClassTuple!Upr; alias LwrPSTCs = ParameterStorageClassTuple!Lwr; // template checkNext(size_t i) { static if (i < UprParams.length) { enum uprStc = UprPSTCs[i]; enum lwrStc = LwrPSTCs[i]; // enum wantExact = STC.out_ | STC.ref_ | STC.lazy_ | STC.return_; enum ok = ((uprStc & wantExact ) == (lwrStc & wantExact )) && ((uprStc & STC.scope_) >= (lwrStc & STC.scope_)) && checkNext!(i + 1).ok; } else enum ok = true; // done } static if (UprParams.length == LwrParams.length) enum ok = is(UprParams == LwrParams) && checkNext!(0).ok; else enum ok = false; } /* run all the checks */ enum isCovariantWith = checkLinkage !().ok && checkVariadicity!().ok && checkSTC !().ok && checkAttributes !().ok && checkReturnType !().ok && checkParameters !().ok ; } } /// @safe unittest { interface I { I clone(); } interface J { J clone(); } class C : I { override C clone() // covariant overriding of I.clone() { return new C; } } // C.clone() can override I.clone(), indeed. static assert(isCovariantWith!(typeof(C.clone), typeof(I.clone))); // C.clone() can't override J.clone(); the return type C is not implicitly // convertible to J. static assert(!isCovariantWith!(typeof(C.clone), typeof(J.clone))); } @safe unittest { enum bool isCovariantWith(alias f, alias g) = .isCovariantWith!(typeof(f), typeof(g)); // covariant return type interface I {} interface J : I {} interface BaseA { const(I) test(int); } interface DerivA_1 : BaseA { override const(J) test(int); } interface DerivA_2 : BaseA { override J test(int); } static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivA_1.test, BaseA.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivA_2.test, BaseA.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseA.test, DerivA_1.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseA.test, DerivA_2.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(BaseA.test, BaseA.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivA_1.test, DerivA_1.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivA_2.test, DerivA_2.test)); // scope parameter interface BaseB { void test( int*, int*); } interface DerivB_1 : BaseB { override void test(scope int*, int*); } interface DerivB_2 : BaseB { override void test( int*, scope int*); } interface DerivB_3 : BaseB { override void test(scope int*, scope int*); } static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivB_1.test, BaseB.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivB_2.test, BaseB.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivB_3.test, BaseB.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseB.test, DerivB_1.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseB.test, DerivB_2.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseB.test, DerivB_3.test)); // function storage class interface BaseC { void test() ; } interface DerivC_1 : BaseC { override void test() const; } static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivC_1.test, BaseC.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseC.test, DerivC_1.test)); // increasing safety interface BaseE { void test() ; } interface DerivE_1 : BaseE { override void test() @safe ; } interface DerivE_2 : BaseE { override void test() @trusted; } static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivE_1.test, BaseE.test)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivE_2.test, BaseE.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseE.test, DerivE_1.test)); static assert(!isCovariantWith!(BaseE.test, DerivE_2.test)); // @safe and @trusted interface BaseF { void test1() @safe; void test2() @trusted; } interface DerivF : BaseF { override void test1() @trusted; override void test2() @safe; } static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivF.test1, BaseF.test1)); static assert( isCovariantWith!(DerivF.test2, BaseF.test2)); } // Needed for rvalueOf/lvalueOf because "inout on return means // inout must be on a parameter as well" private struct __InoutWorkaroundStruct{} /** Creates an lvalue or rvalue of type $(D T) for $(D typeof(...)) and $(D __traits(compiles, ...)) purposes. No actual value is returned. Note: Trying to use returned value will result in a "Symbol Undefined" error at link time. Example: --- // Note that `f` doesn't have to be implemented // as is isn't called. int f(int); bool f(ref int); static assert(is(typeof(f(rvalueOf!int)) == int)); static assert(is(typeof(f(lvalueOf!int)) == bool)); int i = rvalueOf!int; // error, no actual value is returned --- */ @property T rvalueOf(T)(inout __InoutWorkaroundStruct = __InoutWorkaroundStruct.init); /// ditto @property ref T lvalueOf(T)(inout __InoutWorkaroundStruct = __InoutWorkaroundStruct.init); // Note: unittest can't be used as an example here as function overloads // aren't allowed inside functions. @system unittest { void needLvalue(T)(ref T); static struct S { } int i; struct Nested { void f() { ++i; } } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int, immutable int, inout int, string, S, Nested, Object)) { static assert(!__traits(compiles, needLvalue(rvalueOf!T))); static assert( __traits(compiles, needLvalue(lvalueOf!T))); static assert(is(typeof(rvalueOf!T) == T)); static assert(is(typeof(lvalueOf!T) == T)); } static assert(!__traits(compiles, rvalueOf!int = 1)); static assert( __traits(compiles, lvalueOf!byte = 127)); static assert(!__traits(compiles, lvalueOf!byte = 128)); } //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // SomethingTypeOf //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// private template AliasThisTypeOf(T) if (isAggregateType!T) { alias members = AliasSeq!(__traits(getAliasThis, T)); static if (members.length == 1) { alias AliasThisTypeOf = typeof(__traits(getMember, T.init, members[0])); } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" does not have alias this type"); } /* */ template BooleanTypeOf(T) { static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = BooleanTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (is(Unqual!X == bool)) { alias BooleanTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not boolean type"); } @safe unittest { // unexpected failure, maybe dmd type-merging bug foreach (T; AliasSeq!bool) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( is(Q!T == BooleanTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert( is(Q!T == BooleanTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(void, NumericTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList, CharTypeList)) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!is(BooleanTypeOf!( Q!T )), Q!T.stringof); static assert(!is(BooleanTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } } @safe unittest { struct B { bool val; alias val this; } struct S { B b; alias b this; } static assert(is(BooleanTypeOf!B == bool)); static assert(is(BooleanTypeOf!S == bool)); } /* */ template IntegralTypeOf(T) { import std.meta : staticIndexOf; static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = IntegralTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (staticIndexOf!(Unqual!X, IntegralTypeList) >= 0) { alias IntegralTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not an integral type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; IntegralTypeList) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( is(Q!T == IntegralTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert( is(Q!T == IntegralTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(void, bool, FloatingPointTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList, CharTypeList)) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!is(IntegralTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert(!is(IntegralTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } } /* */ template FloatingPointTypeOf(T) { import std.meta : staticIndexOf; static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = FloatingPointTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (staticIndexOf!(Unqual!X, FloatingPointTypeList) >= 0) { alias FloatingPointTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a floating point type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; FloatingPointTypeList) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( is(Q!T == FloatingPointTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert( is(Q!T == FloatingPointTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(void, bool, IntegralTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList, CharTypeList)) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!is(FloatingPointTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert(!is(FloatingPointTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } } /* */ template NumericTypeOf(T) { static if (is(IntegralTypeOf!T X) || is(FloatingPointTypeOf!T X)) { alias NumericTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a numeric type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; NumericTypeList) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( is(Q!T == NumericTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert( is(Q!T == NumericTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(void, bool, CharTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList)) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!is(NumericTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert(!is(NumericTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } } /* */ template UnsignedTypeOf(T) { import std.meta : staticIndexOf; static if (is(IntegralTypeOf!T X) && staticIndexOf!(Unqual!X, UnsignedIntTypeList) >= 0) alias UnsignedTypeOf = X; else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not an unsigned type."); } /* */ template SignedTypeOf(T) { import std.meta : staticIndexOf; static if (is(IntegralTypeOf!T X) && staticIndexOf!(Unqual!X, SignedIntTypeList) >= 0) alias SignedTypeOf = X; else static if (is(FloatingPointTypeOf!T X)) alias SignedTypeOf = X; else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not an signed type."); } /* */ template CharTypeOf(T) { import std.meta : staticIndexOf; static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = CharTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (staticIndexOf!(Unqual!X, CharTypeList) >= 0) { alias CharTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a character type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; CharTypeList) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( is(CharTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert( is(CharTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(void, bool, NumericTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList)) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!is(CharTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert(!is(CharTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(string, wstring, dstring, char[4])) foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!is(CharTypeOf!( Q!T ))); static assert(!is(CharTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) ))); } } /* */ template StaticArrayTypeOf(T) { static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = StaticArrayTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (is(X : E[n], E, size_t n)) alias StaticArrayTypeOf = X; else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a static array type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(bool, NumericTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList)) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!(TypeQualifierList, InoutOf, SharedInoutOf)) { static assert(is( Q!( T[1] ) == StaticArrayTypeOf!( Q!( T[1] ) ) )); foreach (P; TypeQualifierList) { // SubTypeOf cannot have inout type static assert(is( Q!(P!(T[1])) == StaticArrayTypeOf!( Q!(SubTypeOf!(P!(T[1]))) ) )); } } foreach (T; AliasSeq!void) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!TypeQualifierList) { static assert(is( StaticArrayTypeOf!( Q!(void[1]) ) == Q!(void[1]) )); } } /* */ template DynamicArrayTypeOf(T) { static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = DynamicArrayTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (is(Unqual!X : E[], E) && !is(typeof({ enum n = X.length; }))) { alias DynamicArrayTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a dynamic array"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(/*void, */bool, NumericTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList)) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!(TypeQualifierList, InoutOf, SharedInoutOf)) { static assert(is( Q!T[] == DynamicArrayTypeOf!( Q!T[] ) )); static assert(is( Q!(T[]) == DynamicArrayTypeOf!( Q!(T[]) ) )); foreach (P; AliasSeq!(MutableOf, ConstOf, ImmutableOf)) { static assert(is( Q!(P!T[]) == DynamicArrayTypeOf!( Q!(SubTypeOf!(P!T[])) ) )); static assert(is( Q!(P!(T[])) == DynamicArrayTypeOf!( Q!(SubTypeOf!(P!(T[]))) ) )); } } static assert(!is(DynamicArrayTypeOf!(int[3]))); static assert(!is(DynamicArrayTypeOf!(void[3]))); static assert(!is(DynamicArrayTypeOf!(typeof(null)))); } /* */ template ArrayTypeOf(T) { static if (is(StaticArrayTypeOf!T X) || is(DynamicArrayTypeOf!T X)) { alias ArrayTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not an array type"); } /* Always returns the Dynamic Array version. */ template StringTypeOf(T) { static if (is(T == typeof(null))) { // It is impossible to determine exact string type from typeof(null) - // it means that StringTypeOf!(typeof(null)) is undefined. // Then this behavior is convenient for template constraint. static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a string type"); } else static if (is(T : const char[]) || is(T : const wchar[]) || is(T : const dchar[])) { static if (is(T : U[], U)) alias StringTypeOf = U[]; else static assert(0); } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not a string type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; CharTypeList) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!(MutableOf, ConstOf, ImmutableOf, InoutOf)) { static assert(is(Q!T[] == StringTypeOf!( Q!T[] ))); static if (!__traits(isSame, Q, InoutOf)) { static assert(is(Q!T[] == StringTypeOf!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T[]) ))); alias Str = Q!T[]; class C(S) { S val; alias val this; } static assert(is(StringTypeOf!(C!Str) == Str)); } } foreach (T; CharTypeList) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!(SharedOf, SharedConstOf, SharedInoutOf)) { static assert(!is(StringTypeOf!( Q!T[] ))); } } @safe unittest { static assert(is(StringTypeOf!(char[4]) == char[])); } /* */ template AssocArrayTypeOf(T) { static if (is(AliasThisTypeOf!T AT) && !is(AT[] == AT)) alias X = AssocArrayTypeOf!AT; else alias X = OriginalType!T; static if (is(Unqual!X : V[K], K, V)) { alias AssocArrayTypeOf = X; } else static assert(0, T.stringof~" is not an associative array type"); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int/*bool, CharTypeList, NumericTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList*/)) foreach (P; AliasSeq!(TypeQualifierList, InoutOf, SharedInoutOf)) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!(TypeQualifierList, InoutOf, SharedInoutOf)) foreach (R; AliasSeq!(TypeQualifierList, InoutOf, SharedInoutOf)) { static assert(is( P!(Q!T[R!T]) == AssocArrayTypeOf!( P!(Q!T[R!T]) ) )); } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int/*bool, CharTypeList, NumericTypeList, ImaginaryTypeList, ComplexTypeList*/)) foreach (O; AliasSeq!(TypeQualifierList, InoutOf, SharedInoutOf)) foreach (P; AliasSeq!TypeQualifierList) foreach (Q; AliasSeq!TypeQualifierList) foreach (R; AliasSeq!TypeQualifierList) { static assert(is( O!(P!(Q!T[R!T])) == AssocArrayTypeOf!( O!(SubTypeOf!(P!(Q!T[R!T]))) ) )); } } /* */ template BuiltinTypeOf(T) { static if (is(T : void)) alias BuiltinTypeOf = void; else static if (is(BooleanTypeOf!T X)) alias BuiltinTypeOf = X; else static if (is(IntegralTypeOf!T X)) alias BuiltinTypeOf = X; else static if (is(FloatingPointTypeOf!T X))alias BuiltinTypeOf = X; else static if (is(T : const(ireal))) alias BuiltinTypeOf = ireal; //TODO else static if (is(T : const(creal))) alias BuiltinTypeOf = creal; //TODO else static if (is(CharTypeOf!T X)) alias BuiltinTypeOf = X; else static if (is(ArrayTypeOf!T X)) alias BuiltinTypeOf = X; else static if (is(AssocArrayTypeOf!T X)) alias BuiltinTypeOf = X; else static assert(0); } //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // isSomething //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a built-in boolean type. */ enum bool isBoolean(T) = is(BooleanTypeOf!T) && !isAggregateType!T; /// @safe unittest { static assert( isBoolean!bool); enum EB : bool { a = true } static assert( isBoolean!EB); static assert(!isBoolean!(SubTypeOf!bool)); } @safe unittest { static struct S(T) { T t; alias t this; } static assert(!isIntegral!(S!bool)); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a built-in integral type. Types $(D bool), * $(D char), $(D wchar), and $(D dchar) are not considered integral. */ enum bool isIntegral(T) = is(IntegralTypeOf!T) && !isAggregateType!T; /// @safe unittest { static assert( isIntegral!byte && isIntegral!short && isIntegral!int && isIntegral!long && isIntegral!(const(long)) && isIntegral!(immutable(long)) ); static assert( !isIntegral!bool && !isIntegral!char && !isIntegral!double ); // types which act as integral values do not pass struct S { int val; alias val this; } static assert(!isIntegral!S); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; IntegralTypeList) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isIntegral!(Q!T)); static assert(!isIntegral!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } static assert(!isIntegral!float); enum EU : uint { a = 0, b = 1, c = 2 } // base type is unsigned enum EI : int { a = -1, b = 0, c = 1 } // base type is signed (bug 7909) static assert(isIntegral!EU && isUnsigned!EU && !isSigned!EU); static assert(isIntegral!EI && !isUnsigned!EI && isSigned!EI); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a built-in floating point type. */ enum bool isFloatingPoint(T) = __traits(isFloating, T) && !(is(Unqual!T == cfloat) || is(Unqual!T == cdouble) || is(Unqual!T == creal) || is(Unqual!T == ifloat) || is(Unqual!T == idouble) || is(Unqual!T == ireal)); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isFloatingPoint!float && isFloatingPoint!double && isFloatingPoint!real && isFloatingPoint!(const(real)) && isFloatingPoint!(immutable(real)) ); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!int); // complex and imaginary numbers do not pass static assert( !isFloatingPoint!cfloat && !isFloatingPoint!ifloat ); // types which act as floating point values do not pass struct S { float val; alias val this; } static assert(!isFloatingPoint!S); } @safe unittest { enum EF : real { a = 1.414, b = 1.732, c = 2.236 } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(FloatingPointTypeList, EF)) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isFloatingPoint!(Q!T)); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } foreach (T; IntegralTypeList) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!isFloatingPoint!(Q!T)); } } } // https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=17195 @safe unittest { static assert(!isFloatingPoint!cfloat); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!cdouble); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!creal); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!ifloat); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!idouble); static assert(!isFloatingPoint!ireal); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a built-in numeric type (integral or floating * point). */ enum bool isNumeric(T) = __traits(isArithmetic, T) && !(is(Unqual!T == bool) || is(Unqual!T == char) || is(Unqual!T == wchar) || is(Unqual!T == dchar)); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isNumeric!byte && isNumeric!short && isNumeric!int && isNumeric!long && isNumeric!float && isNumeric!double && isNumeric!real && isNumeric!(const(real)) && isNumeric!(immutable(real)) ); static assert( !isNumeric!void && !isNumeric!bool && !isNumeric!char && !isNumeric!wchar && !isNumeric!dchar ); // types which act as numeric values do not pass struct S { int val; alias val this; } static assert(!isIntegral!S); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(NumericTypeList)) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isNumeric!(Q!T)); static assert(!isNumeric!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } static struct S(T) { T t; alias t this; } static assert(!isNumeric!(S!int)); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a scalar type (a built-in numeric, character or * boolean type). */ enum bool isScalarType(T) = is(T : real) && !isAggregateType!T; /// @safe unittest { static assert(!isScalarType!void); static assert( isScalarType!(immutable(byte))); static assert( isScalarType!(immutable(ushort))); static assert( isScalarType!(immutable(int))); static assert( isScalarType!(ulong)); static assert( isScalarType!(shared(float))); static assert( isScalarType!(shared(const bool))); static assert( isScalarType!(const(char))); static assert( isScalarType!(wchar)); static assert( isScalarType!(const(dchar))); static assert( isScalarType!(const(double))); static assert( isScalarType!(const(real))); } @safe unittest { static struct S(T) { T t; alias t this; } static assert(!isScalarType!(S!int)); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a basic type (scalar type or void). */ enum bool isBasicType(T) = isScalarType!T || is(Unqual!T == void); /// @safe unittest { static assert(isBasicType!void); static assert(isBasicType!(const(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(shared(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(immutable(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(shared const(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(shared inout(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(shared inout const(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(inout(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(inout const(void))); static assert(isBasicType!(immutable(int))); static assert(isBasicType!(shared(float))); static assert(isBasicType!(shared(const bool))); static assert(isBasicType!(const(dchar))); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a built-in unsigned numeric type. */ enum bool isUnsigned(T) = __traits(isUnsigned, T) && !(is(Unqual!T == char) || is(Unqual!T == wchar) || is(Unqual!T == dchar) || is(Unqual!T == bool)); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isUnsigned!uint && isUnsigned!ulong ); static assert( !isUnsigned!char && !isUnsigned!int && !isUnsigned!long && !isUnsigned!char && !isUnsigned!wchar && !isUnsigned!dchar ); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(UnsignedIntTypeList)) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isUnsigned!(Q!T)); static assert(!isUnsigned!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } static struct S(T) { T t; alias t this; } static assert(!isUnsigned!(S!uint)); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a built-in signed numeric type. */ enum bool isSigned(T) = __traits(isArithmetic, T) && !__traits(isUnsigned, T); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isSigned!int && isSigned!long ); static assert( !isSigned!uint && !isSigned!ulong ); } @safe unittest { enum E { e1 = 0 } static assert(isSigned!E); enum Eubyte : ubyte { e1 = 0 } static assert(!isSigned!Eubyte); foreach (T; AliasSeq!(SignedIntTypeList)) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isSigned!(Q!T)); static assert(!isSigned!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } static struct S(T) { T t; alias t this; } static assert(!isSigned!(S!uint)); } // https://issues.dlang.org/show_bug.cgi?id=17196 @safe unittest { static assert(isUnsigned!bool == false); static assert(isSigned!bool == false); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is one of the built-in character types. * * The built-in char types are any of $(D char), $(D wchar) or $(D dchar), with * or without qualifiers. */ enum bool isSomeChar(T) = is(CharTypeOf!T) && !isAggregateType!T; /// @safe unittest { //Char types static assert( isSomeChar!char); static assert( isSomeChar!wchar); static assert( isSomeChar!dchar); static assert( isSomeChar!(typeof('c'))); static assert( isSomeChar!(immutable char)); static assert( isSomeChar!(const dchar)); //Non char types static assert(!isSomeChar!int); static assert(!isSomeChar!byte); static assert(!isSomeChar!string); static assert(!isSomeChar!wstring); static assert(!isSomeChar!dstring); static assert(!isSomeChar!(char[4])); } @safe unittest { enum EC : char { a = 'x', b = 'y' } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(CharTypeList, EC)) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isSomeChar!( Q!T )); static assert(!isSomeChar!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) )); } } // alias-this types are not allowed static struct S(T) { T t; alias t this; } static assert(!isSomeChar!(S!char)); } /** Detect whether $(D T) is one of the built-in string types. The built-in string types are $(D Char[]), where $(D Char) is any of $(D char), $(D wchar) or $(D dchar), with or without qualifiers. Static arrays of characters (like $(D char[80])) are not considered built-in string types. */ enum bool isSomeString(T) = is(StringTypeOf!T) && !isAggregateType!T && !isStaticArray!T; /// @safe unittest { //String types static assert( isSomeString!string); static assert( isSomeString!(wchar[])); static assert( isSomeString!(dchar[])); static assert( isSomeString!(typeof("aaa"))); static assert( isSomeString!(const(char)[])); enum ES : string { a = "aaa", b = "bbb" } static assert( isSomeString!ES); //Non string types static assert(!isSomeString!int); static assert(!isSomeString!(int[])); static assert(!isSomeString!(byte[])); static assert(!isSomeString!(typeof(null))); static assert(!isSomeString!(char[4])); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(char[], dchar[], string, wstring, dstring)) { static assert( isSomeString!( T )); static assert(!isSomeString!(SubTypeOf!(T))); } } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a narrow string. * * All arrays that use char, wchar, and their qualified versions are narrow * strings. (Those include string and wstring). */ enum bool isNarrowString(T) = (is(T : const char[]) || is(T : const wchar[])) && !isAggregateType!T && !isStaticArray!T; /// @safe unittest { static assert(isNarrowString!string); static assert(isNarrowString!wstring); static assert(isNarrowString!(char[])); static assert(isNarrowString!(wchar[])); static assert(!isNarrowString!dstring); static assert(!isNarrowString!(dchar[])); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(char[], string, wstring)) { foreach (Q; AliasSeq!(MutableOf, ConstOf, ImmutableOf)/*TypeQualifierList*/) { static assert( isNarrowString!( Q!T )); static assert(!isNarrowString!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) )); } } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int, int[], byte[], dchar[], dstring, char[4])) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert(!isNarrowString!( Q!T )); static assert(!isNarrowString!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) )); } } } /** * Detects whether `T` is a comparable type. Basic types and structs and * classes that implement opCmp are ordering comparable. */ enum bool isOrderingComparable(T) = ifTestable!(T, unaryFun!"a < a"); /// @safe unittest { static assert(isOrderingComparable!int); static assert(isOrderingComparable!string); static assert(!isOrderingComparable!creal); static struct Foo {} static assert(!isOrderingComparable!Foo); static struct Bar { int a; auto opCmp(Bar b1) const { return a - b1.a; } } Bar b1 = Bar(5); Bar b2 = Bar(7); assert(isOrderingComparable!Bar && b2 > b1); } /// ditto enum bool isEqualityComparable(T) = ifTestable!(T, unaryFun!"a == a"); @safe unittest { static assert(isEqualityComparable!int); static assert(isEqualityComparable!string); static assert(isEqualityComparable!creal); static assert(!isEqualityComparable!void); struct Foo {} static assert(isEqualityComparable!Foo); struct Bar { int a; auto opEquals(Bar b1) const { return a == b1.a; } } Bar b1 = Bar(5); Bar b2 = Bar(5); Bar b3 = Bar(7); static assert(isEqualityComparable!Bar); assert(b1 == b2); assert(b1 != b3); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a struct, static array, or enum that is implicitly * convertible to a string. */ template isConvertibleToString(T) { enum isConvertibleToString = (isAggregateType!T || isStaticArray!T || is(T == enum)) && is(StringTypeOf!T); } /// @safe unittest { static struct AliasedString { string s; alias s this; } enum StringEnum { a = "foo" } assert(!isConvertibleToString!string); assert(isConvertibleToString!AliasedString); assert(isConvertibleToString!StringEnum); assert(isConvertibleToString!(char[25])); assert(!isConvertibleToString!(char[])); } @safe unittest // Bugzilla 16573 { enum I : int { foo = 1 } enum S : string { foo = "foo" } assert(!isConvertibleToString!I); assert(isConvertibleToString!S); } package template convertToString(T) { static if (isConvertibleToString!T) alias convertToString = StringTypeOf!T; else alias convertToString = T; } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a string that will be autodecoded. * * All arrays that use char, wchar, and their qualified versions are narrow * strings. (Those include string and wstring). * Aggregates that implicitly cast to narrow strings are included. * * Params: * T = type to be tested * * Returns: * true if T represents a string that is subject to autodecoding * * See Also: * $(LREF isNarrowString) */ enum bool isAutodecodableString(T) = (is(T : const char[]) || is(T : const wchar[])) && !isStaticArray!T; /// @safe unittest { static struct Stringish { string s; alias s this; } assert(isAutodecodableString!wstring); assert(isAutodecodableString!Stringish); assert(!isAutodecodableString!dstring); } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a static array. */ enum bool isStaticArray(T) = __traits(isStaticArray, T); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isStaticArray!(int[3])); static assert( isStaticArray!(const(int)[5])); static assert( isStaticArray!(const(int)[][5])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(const(int)[])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(immutable(int)[])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(const(int)[4][])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(int[])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(int[char])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(int[1][])); static assert(!isStaticArray!(int[int])); static assert(!isStaticArray!int); } @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int[51], int[][2], char[][int][11], immutable char[13u], const(real)[1], const(real)[1][1], void[0])) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isStaticArray!( Q!T )); static assert(!isStaticArray!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) )); } } //enum ESA : int[1] { a = [1], b = [2] } //static assert( isStaticArray!ESA); } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a dynamic array. */ enum bool isDynamicArray(T) = is(DynamicArrayTypeOf!T) && !isAggregateType!T; /// @safe unittest { static assert( isDynamicArray!(int[])); static assert( isDynamicArray!(string)); static assert( isDynamicArray!(long[3][])); static assert(!isDynamicArray!(int[5])); static assert(!isDynamicArray!(typeof(null))); } @safe unittest { import std.meta : AliasSeq; foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int[], char[], string, long[3][], double[string][])) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isDynamicArray!( Q!T )); static assert(!isDynamicArray!( SubTypeOf!(Q!T) )); } } } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is an array (static or dynamic; for associative * arrays see $(LREF isAssociativeArray)). */ enum bool isArray(T) = isStaticArray!T || isDynamicArray!T; /// @safe unittest { static assert( isArray!(int[])); static assert( isArray!(int[5])); static assert( isArray!(string)); static assert(!isArray!uint); static assert(!isArray!(uint[uint])); static assert(!isArray!(typeof(null))); } @safe unittest { import std.meta : AliasSeq; foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int[], int[5], void[])) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isArray!(Q!T)); static assert(!isArray!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is an associative array type */ enum bool isAssociativeArray(T) = __traits(isAssociativeArray, T); @safe unittest { struct Foo { @property uint[] keys() { return null; } @property uint[] values() { return null; } } foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int[int], int[string], immutable(char[5])[int])) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isAssociativeArray!(Q!T)); static assert(!isAssociativeArray!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } static assert(!isAssociativeArray!Foo); static assert(!isAssociativeArray!int); static assert(!isAssociativeArray!(int[])); static assert(!isAssociativeArray!(typeof(null))); //enum EAA : int[int] { a = [1:1], b = [2:2] } //static assert( isAssociativeArray!EAA); } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a builtin type. */ enum bool isBuiltinType(T) = is(BuiltinTypeOf!T) && !isAggregateType!T; /// @safe unittest { class C; union U; struct S; interface I; static assert( isBuiltinType!void); static assert( isBuiltinType!string); static assert( isBuiltinType!(int[])); static assert( isBuiltinType!(C[string])); static assert(!isBuiltinType!C); static assert(!isBuiltinType!U); static assert(!isBuiltinType!S); static assert(!isBuiltinType!I); static assert(!isBuiltinType!(void delegate(int))); } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a SIMD vector type. */ enum bool isSIMDVector(T) = is(T : __vector(V[N]), V, size_t N); @safe unittest { static if (is(__vector(float[4]))) { alias SimdVec = __vector(float[4]); static assert(isSIMDVector!(__vector(float[4]))); static assert(isSIMDVector!SimdVec); } static assert(!isSIMDVector!uint); static assert(!isSIMDVector!(float[4])); } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is a pointer. */ enum bool isPointer(T) = is(T == U*, U) && !isAggregateType!T; @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int*, void*, char[]*)) { foreach (Q; TypeQualifierList) { static assert( isPointer!(Q!T)); static assert(!isPointer!(SubTypeOf!(Q!T))); } } static assert(!isPointer!uint); static assert(!isPointer!(uint[uint])); static assert(!isPointer!(char[])); static assert(!isPointer!(typeof(null))); } /** Returns the target type of a pointer. */ alias PointerTarget(T : T*) = T; /// @safe unittest { static assert(is(PointerTarget!(int*) == int)); static assert(is(PointerTarget!(void*) == void)); } /** * Detect whether type $(D T) is an aggregate type. */ enum bool isAggregateType(T) = is(T == struct) || is(T == union) || is(T == class) || is(T == interface); /// @safe unittest { class C; union U; struct S; interface I; static assert( isAggregateType!C); static assert( isAggregateType!U); static assert( isAggregateType!S); static assert( isAggregateType!I); static assert(!isAggregateType!void); static assert(!isAggregateType!string); static assert(!isAggregateType!(int[])); static assert(!isAggregateType!(C[string])); static assert(!isAggregateType!(void delegate(int))); } /** * Returns $(D true) if T can be iterated over using a $(D foreach) loop with * a single loop variable of automatically inferred type, regardless of how * the $(D foreach) loop is implemented. This includes ranges, structs/classes * that define $(D opApply) with a single loop variable, and builtin dynamic, * static and associative arrays. */ enum bool isIterable(T) = is(typeof({ foreach (elem; T.init) {} })); /// @safe unittest { struct OpApply { int opApply(scope int delegate(ref uint) dg) { assert(0); } } struct Range { @property uint front() { assert(0); } void popFront() { assert(0); } enum bool empty = false; } static assert( isIterable!(uint[])); static assert( isIterable!OpApply); static assert( isIterable!(uint[string])); static assert( isIterable!Range); static assert(!isIterable!uint); } /** * Returns true if T is not const or immutable. Note that isMutable is true for * string, or immutable(char)[], because the 'head' is mutable. */ enum bool isMutable(T) = !is(T == const) && !is(T == immutable) && !is(T == inout); /// @safe unittest { static assert( isMutable!int); static assert( isMutable!string); static assert( isMutable!(shared int)); static assert( isMutable!(shared const(int)[])); static assert(!isMutable!(const int)); static assert(!isMutable!(inout int)); static assert(!isMutable!(shared(const int))); static assert(!isMutable!(shared(inout int))); static assert(!isMutable!(immutable string)); } /** * Returns true if T is an instance of the template S. */ enum bool isInstanceOf(alias S, T) = is(T == S!Args, Args...); /// ditto template isInstanceOf(alias S, alias T) { enum impl(alias T : S!Args, Args...) = true; enum impl(alias T) = false; enum isInstanceOf = impl!T; } /// @safe unittest { static struct Foo(T...) { } static struct Bar(T...) { } static struct Doo(T) { } static struct ABC(int x) { } static void fun(T)() { } template templ(T) { } static assert(isInstanceOf!(Foo, Foo!int)); static assert(!isInstanceOf!(Foo, Bar!int)); static assert(!isInstanceOf!(Foo, int)); static assert(isInstanceOf!(Doo, Doo!int)); static assert(isInstanceOf!(ABC, ABC!1)); static assert(!isInstanceOf!(Foo, Foo)); static assert(isInstanceOf!(fun, fun!int)); static assert(isInstanceOf!(templ, templ!int)); } @safe unittest { static void fun1(T)() { } static void fun2(T)() { } template templ1(T) { } template templ2(T) { } static assert(!isInstanceOf!(fun1, fun2!int)); static assert(!isInstanceOf!(templ1, templ2!int)); } /** * Check whether the tuple T is an expression tuple. * An expression tuple only contains expressions. * * See_Also: $(LREF isTypeTuple). */ template isExpressions(T ...) { static if (T.length >= 2) enum bool isExpressions = isExpressions!(T[0 .. $/2]) && isExpressions!(T[$/2 .. $]); else static if (T.length == 1) enum bool isExpressions = !is(T[0]) && __traits(compiles, { auto ex = T[0]; }); else enum bool isExpressions = true; // default } /// @safe unittest { static assert(isExpressions!(1, 2.0, "a")); static assert(!isExpressions!(int, double, string)); static assert(!isExpressions!(int, 2.0, "a")); } /** * Alternate name for $(LREF isExpressions), kept for legacy compatibility. */ alias isExpressionTuple = isExpressions; @safe unittest { void foo(); static int bar() { return 42; } immutable aa = [ 1: -1 ]; alias myint = int; static assert( isExpressionTuple!(42)); static assert( isExpressionTuple!aa); static assert( isExpressionTuple!("cattywampus", 2.7, aa)); static assert( isExpressionTuple!(bar())); static assert(!isExpressionTuple!isExpressionTuple); static assert(!isExpressionTuple!foo); static assert(!isExpressionTuple!( (a) { } )); static assert(!isExpressionTuple!int); static assert(!isExpressionTuple!myint); } /** * Check whether the tuple $(D T) is a type tuple. * A type tuple only contains types. * * See_Also: $(LREF isExpressions). */ template isTypeTuple(T...) { static if (T.length >= 2) enum bool isTypeTuple = isTypeTuple!(T[0 .. $/2]) && isTypeTuple!(T[$/2 .. $]); else static if (T.length == 1) enum bool isTypeTuple = is(T[0]); else enum bool isTypeTuple = true; // default } /// @safe unittest { static assert(isTypeTuple!(int, float, string)); static assert(!isTypeTuple!(1, 2.0, "a")); static assert(!isTypeTuple!(1, double, string)); } @safe unittest { class C {} void func(int) {} auto c = new C; enum CONST = 42; static assert( isTypeTuple!int); static assert( isTypeTuple!string); static assert( isTypeTuple!C); static assert( isTypeTuple!(typeof(func))); static assert( isTypeTuple!(int, char, double)); static assert(!isTypeTuple!c); static assert(!isTypeTuple!isTypeTuple); static assert(!isTypeTuple!CONST); } /** Detect whether symbol or type $(D T) is a function pointer. */ template isFunctionPointer(T...) if (T.length == 1) { static if (is(T[0] U) || is(typeof(T[0]) U)) { static if (is(U F : F*) && is(F == function)) enum bool isFunctionPointer = true; else enum bool isFunctionPointer = false; } else enum bool isFunctionPointer = false; } /// @safe unittest { static void foo() {} void bar() {} auto fpfoo = &foo; static assert( isFunctionPointer!fpfoo); static assert( isFunctionPointer!(void function())); auto dgbar = &bar; static assert(!isFunctionPointer!dgbar); static assert(!isFunctionPointer!(void delegate())); static assert(!isFunctionPointer!foo); static assert(!isFunctionPointer!bar); static assert( isFunctionPointer!((int a) {})); } /** Detect whether symbol or type $(D T) is a delegate. */ template isDelegate(T...) if (T.length == 1) { static if (is(typeof(& T[0]) U : U*) && is(typeof(& T[0]) U == delegate)) { // T is a (nested) function symbol. enum bool isDelegate = true; } else static if (is(T[0] W) || is(typeof(T[0]) W)) { // T is an expression or a type. Take the type of it and examine. enum bool isDelegate = is(W == delegate); } else enum bool isDelegate = false; } /// @safe unittest { static void sfunc() { } int x; void func() { x++; } int delegate() dg; assert(isDelegate!dg); assert(isDelegate!(int delegate())); assert(isDelegate!(typeof(&func))); int function() fp; assert(!isDelegate!fp); assert(!isDelegate!(int function())); assert(!isDelegate!(typeof(&sfunc))); } /** Detect whether symbol or type $(D T) is a function, a function pointer or a delegate. */ template isSomeFunction(T...) if (T.length == 1) { static if (is(typeof(& T[0]) U : U*) && is(U == function) || is(typeof(& T[0]) U == delegate)) { // T is a (nested) function symbol. enum bool isSomeFunction = true; } else static if (is(T[0] W) || is(typeof(T[0]) W)) { // T is an expression or a type. Take the type of it and examine. static if (is(W F : F*) && is(F == function)) enum bool isSomeFunction = true; // function pointer else enum bool isSomeFunction = is(W == function) || is(W == delegate); } else enum bool isSomeFunction = false; } @safe unittest { static real func(ref int) { return 0; } static void prop() @property { } void nestedFunc() { } void nestedProp() @property { } class C { real method(ref int) { return 0; } real prop() @property { return 0; } } auto c = new C; auto fp = &func; auto dg = &c.method; real val; static assert( isSomeFunction!func); static assert( isSomeFunction!prop); static assert( isSomeFunction!nestedFunc); static assert( isSomeFunction!nestedProp); static assert( isSomeFunction!(C.method)); static assert( isSomeFunction!(C.prop)); static assert( isSomeFunction!(c.prop)); static assert( isSomeFunction!(c.prop)); static assert( isSomeFunction!fp); static assert( isSomeFunction!dg); static assert( isSomeFunction!(typeof(func))); static assert( isSomeFunction!(real function(ref int))); static assert( isSomeFunction!(real delegate(ref int))); static assert( isSomeFunction!((int a) { return a; })); static assert(!isSomeFunction!int); static assert(!isSomeFunction!val); static assert(!isSomeFunction!isSomeFunction); } /** Detect whether $(D T) is a callable object, which can be called with the function call operator $(D $(LPAREN)...$(RPAREN)). */ template isCallable(T...) if (T.length == 1) { static if (is(typeof(& T[0].opCall) == delegate)) // T is a object which has a member function opCall(). enum bool isCallable = true; else static if (is(typeof(& T[0].opCall) V : V*) && is(V == function)) // T is a type which has a static member function opCall(). enum bool isCallable = true; else enum bool isCallable = isSomeFunction!T; } /// @safe unittest { interface I { real value() @property; } struct S { static int opCall(int) { return 0; } } class C { int opCall(int) { return 0; } } auto c = new C; static assert( isCallable!c); static assert( isCallable!S); static assert( isCallable!(c.opCall)); static assert( isCallable!(I.value)); static assert( isCallable!((int a) { return a; })); static assert(!isCallable!I); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is an abstract function. */ template isAbstractFunction(T...) if (T.length == 1) { enum bool isAbstractFunction = __traits(isAbstractFunction, T[0]); } @safe unittest { struct S { void foo() { } } class C { void foo() { } } class AC { abstract void foo(); } static assert(!isAbstractFunction!(int)); static assert(!isAbstractFunction!(S.foo)); static assert(!isAbstractFunction!(C.foo)); static assert( isAbstractFunction!(AC.foo)); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a final function. */ template isFinalFunction(T...) if (T.length == 1) { enum bool isFinalFunction = __traits(isFinalFunction, T[0]); } /// @safe unittest { struct S { void bar() { } } final class FC { void foo(); } class C { void bar() { } final void foo(); } static assert(!isFinalFunction!(int)); static assert(!isFinalFunction!(S.bar)); static assert( isFinalFunction!(FC.foo)); static assert(!isFinalFunction!(C.bar)); static assert( isFinalFunction!(C.foo)); } /** Determines whether function $(D f) requires a context pointer. */ template isNestedFunction(alias f) { enum isNestedFunction = __traits(isNested, f); } @safe unittest { static void f() { } void g() { } static assert(!isNestedFunction!f); static assert( isNestedFunction!g); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is an abstract class. */ template isAbstractClass(T...) if (T.length == 1) { enum bool isAbstractClass = __traits(isAbstractClass, T[0]); } /// @safe unittest { struct S { } class C { } abstract class AC { } static assert(!isAbstractClass!S); static assert(!isAbstractClass!C); static assert( isAbstractClass!AC); C c; static assert(!isAbstractClass!c); AC ac; static assert( isAbstractClass!ac); } /** * Detect whether $(D T) is a final class. */ template isFinalClass(T...) if (T.length == 1) { enum bool isFinalClass = __traits(isFinalClass, T[0]); } /// @safe unittest { class C { } abstract class AC { } final class FC1 : C { } final class FC2 { } static assert(!isFinalClass!C); static assert(!isFinalClass!AC); static assert( isFinalClass!FC1); static assert( isFinalClass!FC2); C c; static assert(!isFinalClass!c); FC1 fc1; static assert( isFinalClass!fc1); } //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // General Types //:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// /** Removes all qualifiers, if any, from type $(D T). */ template Unqual(T) { version (none) // Error: recursive alias declaration @@@BUG1308@@@ { static if (is(T U == const U)) alias Unqual = Unqual!U; else static if (is(T U == immutable U)) alias Unqual = Unqual!U; else static if (is(T U == inout U)) alias Unqual = Unqual!U; else static if (is(T U == shared U)) alias Unqual = Unqual!U; else alias Unqual = T; } else // workaround { static if (is(T U == immutable U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == shared inout const U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == shared inout U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == shared const U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == shared U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == inout const U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == inout U)) alias Unqual = U; else static if (is(T U == const U)) alias Unqual = U; else alias Unqual = T; } } /// @safe unittest { static assert(is(Unqual!int == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(const int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(immutable int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(shared int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(shared(const int)) == int)); } @safe unittest { static assert(is(Unqual!( int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!( const int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!( inout int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!( inout const int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(shared int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(shared const int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(shared inout int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!(shared inout const int) == int)); static assert(is(Unqual!( immutable int) == int)); alias ImmIntArr = immutable(int[]); static assert(is(Unqual!ImmIntArr == immutable(int)[])); } // [For internal use] package template ModifyTypePreservingTQ(alias Modifier, T) { static if (is(T U == immutable U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = immutable Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == shared inout const U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = shared inout const Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == shared inout U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = shared inout Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == shared const U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = shared const Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == shared U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = shared Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == inout const U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = inout const Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == inout U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = inout Modifier!U; else static if (is(T U == const U)) alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = const Modifier!U; else alias ModifyTypePreservingTQ = Modifier!T; } @safe unittest { alias Intify(T) = int; static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, real) == int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, const real) == const int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, inout real) == inout int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, inout const real) == inout const int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, shared real) == shared int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, shared const real) == shared const int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, shared inout real) == shared inout int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, shared inout const real) == shared inout const int)); static assert(is(ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Intify, immutable real) == immutable int)); } /** * Copies type qualifiers from $(D FromType) to $(D ToType). * * Supported type qualifiers: * $(UL * $(LI $(D const)) * $(LI $(D inout)) * $(LI $(D immutable)) * $(LI $(D shared)) * ) */ template CopyTypeQualifiers(FromType, ToType) { alias T(U) = ToType; alias CopyTypeQualifiers = ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(T, FromType); } /// @safe unittest { static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(inout const real, int) == inout const int)); } @safe unittest { static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!( real, int) == int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!( const real, int) == const int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!( inout real, int) == inout int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!( inout const real, int) == inout const int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared real, int) == shared int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared const real, int) == shared const int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared inout real, int) == shared inout int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!(shared inout const real, int) == shared inout const int)); static assert(is(CopyTypeQualifiers!( immutable real, int) == immutable int)); } /** Returns the type of `Target` with the "constness" of `Source`. A type's $(B constness) refers to whether it is `const`, `immutable`, or `inout`. If `source` has no constness, the returned type will be the same as `Target`. */ template CopyConstness(FromType, ToType) { alias Unshared(T) = T; alias Unshared(T: shared U, U) = U; alias CopyConstness = Unshared!(CopyTypeQualifiers!(FromType, ToType)); } /// @safe unittest { const(int) i; CopyConstness!(typeof(i), float) f; assert( is(typeof(f) == const float)); CopyConstness!(char, uint) u; assert( is(typeof(u) == uint)); //The 'shared' qualifier will not be copied assert(!is(CopyConstness!(shared bool, int) == shared int)); //But the constness will be assert( is(CopyConstness!(shared const real, double) == const double)); //Careful, const(int)[] is a mutable array of const(int) alias MutT = CopyConstness!(const(int)[], int); assert(!is(MutT == const(int))); //Okay, const(int[]) applies to array and contained ints alias CstT = CopyConstness!(const(int[]), int); assert( is(CstT == const(int))); } @safe unittest { struct Test { void method1() {} void method2() const {} void method3() immutable {} } assert(is(CopyConstness!(typeof(Test.method1), real) == real)); assert(is(CopyConstness!(typeof(Test.method2), byte) == const(byte))); assert(is(CopyConstness!(typeof(Test.method3), string) == immutable(string))); } @safe unittest { assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout(int)[], int[]) == int[])); assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout(int[]), int[]) == inout(int[]))); } @safe unittest { static assert(is(CopyConstness!( int, real) == real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(const int, real) == const real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout int, real) == inout real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(inout const int, real) == inout const real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared int, real) == real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared const int, real) == const real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared inout int, real) == inout real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(shared inout const int, real) == inout const real)); static assert(is(CopyConstness!(immutable int, real) == immutable real)); } /** Returns the inferred type of the loop variable when a variable of type T is iterated over using a $(D foreach) loop with a single loop variable and automatically inferred return type. Note that this may not be the same as $(D std.range.ElementType!Range) in the case of narrow strings, or if T has both opApply and a range interface. */ template ForeachType(T) { alias ForeachType = ReturnType!(typeof( (inout int x = 0) { foreach (elem; T.init) { return elem; } assert(0); })); } /// @safe unittest { static assert(is(ForeachType!(uint[]) == uint)); static assert(is(ForeachType!string == immutable(char))); static assert(is(ForeachType!(string[string]) == string)); static assert(is(ForeachType!(inout(int)[]) == inout(int))); } /** * Strips off all $(D enum)s from type $(D T). */ template OriginalType(T) { template Impl(T) { static if (is(T U == enum)) alias Impl = OriginalType!U; else alias Impl = T; } alias OriginalType = ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Impl, T); } /// @safe unittest { enum E : real { a } enum F : E { a = E.a } alias G = const(F); static assert(is(OriginalType!E == real)); static assert(is(OriginalType!F == real)); static assert(is(OriginalType!G == const real)); } /** * Get the Key type of an Associative Array. */ alias KeyType(V : V[K], K) = K; /// @safe unittest { import std.traits; alias Hash = int[string]; static assert(is(KeyType!Hash == string)); static assert(is(ValueType!Hash == int)); KeyType!Hash str = "a"; // str is declared as string ValueType!Hash num = 1; // num is declared as int } /** * Get the Value type of an Associative Array. */ alias ValueType(V : V[K], K) = V; /// @safe unittest { import std.traits; alias Hash = int[string]; static assert(is(KeyType!Hash == string)); static assert(is(ValueType!Hash == int)); KeyType!Hash str = "a"; // str is declared as string ValueType!Hash num = 1; // num is declared as int } /** * Returns the corresponding unsigned type for T. T must be a numeric * integral type, otherwise a compile-time error occurs. */ template Unsigned(T) { template Impl(T) { static if (is(T : __vector(V[N]), V, size_t N)) alias Impl = __vector(Impl!V[N]); else static if (isUnsigned!T) alias Impl = T; else static if (isSigned!T && !isFloatingPoint!T) { static if (is(T == byte )) alias Impl = ubyte; static if (is(T == short)) alias Impl = ushort; static if (is(T == int )) alias Impl = uint; static if (is(T == long )) alias Impl = ulong; static if (is(ucent) && is(T == cent )) alias Impl = ucent; } else static assert(false, "Type " ~ T.stringof ~ " does not have an Unsigned counterpart"); } alias Unsigned = ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Impl, OriginalType!T); } @safe unittest { alias U1 = Unsigned!int; alias U2 = Unsigned!(const(int)); alias U3 = Unsigned!(immutable(int)); static assert(is(U1 == uint)); static assert(is(U2 == const(uint))); static assert(is(U3 == immutable(uint))); static if (is(__vector(int[4])) && is(__vector(uint[4]))) { alias UV1 = Unsigned!(__vector(int[4])); alias UV2 = Unsigned!(const(__vector(int[4]))); static assert(is(UV1 == __vector(uint[4]))); static assert(is(UV2 == const(__vector(uint[4])))); } //struct S {} //alias U2 = Unsigned!S; //alias U3 = Unsigned!double; static if (is(ucent)) { alias U4 = Unsigned!cent; alias U5 = Unsigned!(const(cent)); alias U6 = Unsigned!(immutable(cent)); static assert(is(U4 == ucent)); static assert(is(U5 == const(ucent))); static assert(is(U6 == immutable(ucent))); } } /** Returns the largest type, i.e. T such that T.sizeof is the largest. If more than one type is of the same size, the leftmost argument of these in will be returned. */ template Largest(T...) if (T.length >= 1) { static if (T.length == 1) { alias Largest = T[0]; } else static if (T.length == 2) { static if (T[0].sizeof >= T[1].sizeof) { alias Largest = T[0]; } else { alias Largest = T[1]; } } else { alias Largest = Largest!(Largest!(T[0 .. $/2]), Largest!(T[$/2 .. $])); } } /// @safe unittest { static assert(is(Largest!(uint, ubyte, ushort, real) == real)); static assert(is(Largest!(ulong, double) == ulong)); static assert(is(Largest!(double, ulong) == double)); static assert(is(Largest!(uint, byte, double, short) == double)); static if (is(ucent)) static assert(is(Largest!(uint, ubyte, ucent, ushort) == ucent)); } /** Returns the corresponding signed type for T. T must be a numeric integral type, otherwise a compile-time error occurs. */ template Signed(T) { template Impl(T) { static if (is(T : __vector(V[N]), V, size_t N)) alias Impl = __vector(Impl!V[N]); else static if (isSigned!T) alias Impl = T; else static if (isUnsigned!T) { static if (is(T == ubyte )) alias Impl = byte; static if (is(T == ushort)) alias Impl = short; static if (is(T == uint )) alias Impl = int; static if (is(T == ulong )) alias Impl = long; static if (is(ucent) && is(T == ucent )) alias Impl = cent; } else static assert(false, "Type " ~ T.stringof ~ " does not have an Signed counterpart"); } alias Signed = ModifyTypePreservingTQ!(Impl, OriginalType!T); } /// @safe unittest { alias S1 = Signed!uint; static assert(is(S1 == int)); alias S2 = Signed!(const(uint)); static assert(is(S2 == const(int))); alias S3 = Signed!(immutable(uint)); static assert(is(S3 == immutable(int))); static if (is(ucent)) { alias S4 = Signed!ucent; static assert(is(S4 == cent)); } } @safe unittest { static assert(is(Signed!float == float)); static if (is(__vector(int[4])) && is(__vector(uint[4]))) { alias SV1 = Signed!(__vector(uint[4])); alias SV2 = Signed!(const(__vector(uint[4]))); static assert(is(SV1 == __vector(int[4]))); static assert(is(SV2 == const(__vector(int[4])))); } } /** Returns the most negative value of the numeric type T. */ template mostNegative(T) if (isNumeric!T || isSomeChar!T || isBoolean!T) { static if (is(typeof(T.min_normal))) enum mostNegative = -T.max; else static if (T.min == 0) enum byte mostNegative = 0; else enum mostNegative = T.min; } /// @safe unittest { static assert(mostNegative!float == -float.max); static assert(mostNegative!double == -double.max); static assert(mostNegative!real == -real.max); static assert(mostNegative!bool == false); } /// @safe unittest { foreach (T; AliasSeq!(bool, byte, short, int, long)) static assert(mostNegative!T == T.min); foreach (T; AliasSeq!(ubyte, ushort, uint, ulong, char, wchar, dchar)) static assert(mostNegative!T == 0); } /** Get the type that a scalar type `T` will $(LINK2 $(ROOT_DIR)spec/type.html#integer-promotions, promote) to in multi-term arithmetic expressions. */ template Promoted(T) if (isScalarType!T) { alias Promoted = CopyTypeQualifiers!(T, typeof(T.init + T.init)); } /// @safe unittest { ubyte a = 3, b = 5; static assert(is(typeof(a * b) == Promoted!ubyte)); static assert(is(Promoted!ubyte == int)); static assert(is(Promoted!(shared(bool)) == shared(int))); static assert(is(Promoted!(const(int)) == const(int))); static assert(is(Promoted!double == double)); } @safe unittest { // promote to int: foreach (T; AliasSeq!(bool, byte, ubyte, short, ushort, char, wchar)) { static assert(is(Promoted!T == int)); static assert(is(Promoted!(shared(const T)) == shared(const int))); } // already promoted: foreach (T; AliasSeq!(int, uint, long, ulong, float, double, real)) { static assert(is(Promoted!T == T)); static assert(is(Promoted!(immutable(T)) == immutable(T))); } } //::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// // Misc. //::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::// /** Returns the mangled name of symbol or type $(D sth). $(D mangledName) is the same as builtin $(D .mangleof) property, but might be more convenient in generic code, e.g. as a template argument when invoking staticMap. */ template mangledName(sth...) if (sth.length == 1) { enum string mangledName = sth[0].mangleof; } /// @safe unittest { alias TL = staticMap!(mangledName, int, const int, immutable int); static assert(TL == AliasSeq!("i", "xi", "yi")); } version (unittest) void freeFunc(string); @safe unittest { class C { int value() @property { return 0; } } static assert(mangledName!int == int.mangleof); static assert(mangledName!C == C.mangleof); static assert(mangledName!(C.value) == C.value.mangleof); static assert(mangledName!(C.value)[$ - 12 .. $] == "5valueMFNdZi"); static assert(mangledName!mangledName == "3std6traits11mangledName"); static assert(mangledName!freeFunc == "_D3std6traits8freeFuncFAyaZv"); int x; static if (is(typeof({ return x; }) : int delegate() pure)) // issue 9148 static assert(mangledName!((int a) { return a+x; }) == "DFNaNbNiNfiZi"); // pure nothrow @safe @nogc else static assert(mangledName!((int a) { return a+x; }) == "DFNbNiNfiZi"); // nothrow @safe @nnogc } @system unittest { // @system due to demangle // Test for bug 5718 import std.demangle : demangle; int foo; auto foo_demangled = demangle(mangledName!foo); assert(foo_demangled[0 .. 4] == "int " && foo_demangled[$-3 .. $] == "foo", foo_demangled); void bar(); auto bar_demangled = demangle(mangledName!bar); assert(bar_demangled[0 .. 5] == "void " && bar_demangled[$-5 .. $] == "bar()"); } // XXX Select & select should go to another module. (functional or algorithm?) /** Aliases itself to $(D T[0]) if the boolean $(D condition) is $(D true) and to $(D T[1]) otherwise. */ template Select(bool condition, T...) if (T.length == 2) { import std.meta : Alias; alias Select = Alias!(T[!condition]); } /// @safe unittest { // can select types static assert(is(Select!(true, int, long) == int)); static assert(is(Select!(false, int, long) == long)); static struct Foo {} static assert(is(Select!(false, const(int), const(Foo)) == const(Foo))); // can select symbols int a = 1; int b = 2; alias selA = Select!(true, a, b); alias selB = Select!(false, a, b); assert(selA == 1); assert(selB == 2); // can select (compile-time) expressions enum val = Select!(false, -4, 9 - 6); static assert(val == 3); } /** If $(D cond) is $(D true), returns $(D a) without evaluating $(D b). Otherwise, returns $(D b) without evaluating $(D a). */ A select(bool cond : true, A, B)(A a, lazy B b) { return a; } /// Ditto B select(bool cond : false, A, B)(lazy A a, B b) { return b; } @safe unittest { real pleasecallme() { return 0; } int dontcallme() { assert(0); } auto a = select!true(pleasecallme(), dontcallme()); auto b = select!false(dontcallme(), pleasecallme()); static assert(is(typeof(a) == real)); static assert(is(typeof(b) == real)); } /++ Determine if a symbol has a given $(DDSUBLINK spec/attribute, uda, user-defined attribute). See_Also: $(LREF getUDAs) +/ template hasUDA(alias symbol, alias attribute) { enum hasUDA = getUDAs!(symbol, attribute).length != 0; } /// @safe unittest { enum E; struct S {} @("alpha") int a; static assert(hasUDA!(a, "alpha")); static assert(!hasUDA!(a, S)); static assert(!hasUDA!(a, E)); @(E) int b; static assert(!hasUDA!(b, "alpha")); static assert(!hasUDA!(b, S)); static assert(hasUDA!(b, E)); @E int c; static assert(!hasUDA!(c, "alpha")); static assert(!hasUDA!(c, S)); static assert(hasUDA!(c, E)); @(S, E) int d; static assert(!hasUDA!(d, "alpha")); static assert(hasUDA!(d, S)); static assert(hasUDA!(d, E)); @S int e; static assert(!hasUDA!(e, "alpha")); static assert(hasUDA!(e, S)); static assert(!hasUDA!(e, S())); static assert(!hasUDA!(e, E)); @S() int f; static assert(!hasUDA!(f, "alpha")); static assert(hasUDA!(f, S)); static assert(hasUDA!(f, S())); static assert(!hasUDA!(f, E)); @(S, E, "alpha") int g; static assert(hasUDA!(g, "alpha")); static assert(hasUDA!(g, S)); static assert(hasUDA!(g, E)); @(100) int h; static assert(hasUDA!(h, 100)); struct Named { string name; } @Named("abc") int i; static assert(hasUDA!(i, Named)); static assert(hasUDA!(i, Named("abc"))); static assert(!hasUDA!(i, Named("def"))); struct AttrT(T) { string name; T value; } @AttrT!int("answer", 42) int j; static assert(hasUDA!(j, AttrT)); static assert(hasUDA!(j, AttrT!int)); static assert(!hasUDA!(j, AttrT!string)); @AttrT!string("hello", "world") int k; static assert(hasUDA!(k, AttrT)); static assert(!hasUDA!(k, AttrT!int)); static assert(hasUDA!(k, AttrT!string)); struct FuncAttr(alias f) { alias func = f; } static int fourtyTwo() { return 42; } static size_t getLen(string s) { return s.length; } @FuncAttr!getLen int l; static assert(hasUDA!(l, FuncAttr)); static assert(!hasUDA!(l, FuncAttr!fourtyTwo)); static assert(hasUDA!(l, FuncAttr!getLen)); static assert(!hasUDA!(l, FuncAttr!fourtyTwo())); static assert(!hasUDA!(l, FuncAttr!getLen())); @FuncAttr!getLen() int m; static assert(hasUDA!(m, FuncAttr)); static assert(!hasUDA!(m, FuncAttr!fourtyTwo)); static assert(hasUDA!(m, FuncAttr!getLen)); static assert(!hasUDA!(m, FuncAttr!fourtyTwo())); static assert(hasUDA!(m, FuncAttr!getLen())); } /++ Gets the matching $(DDSUBLINK spec/attribute, uda, user-defined attributes) from the given symbol. If the UDA is a type, then any UDAs of the same type on the symbol will match. If the UDA is a template for a type, then any UDA which is an instantiation of that template will match. And if the UDA is a value, then any UDAs on the symbol which are equal to that value will match. See_Also: $(LREF hasUDA) +/ template getUDAs(alias symbol, alias attribute) { import std.meta : Filter; template isDesiredUDA(alias toCheck) { static if (is(typeof(attribute)) && !__traits(isTemplate, attribute)) { static if (__traits(compiles, toCheck == attribute)) enum isDesiredUDA = toCheck == attribute; else enum isDesiredUDA = false; } else static if (is(typeof(toCheck))) { static if (__traits(isTemplate, attribute)) enum isDesiredUDA = isInstanceOf!(attribute, typeof(toCheck)); else enum isDesiredUDA = is(typeof(toCheck) == attribute); } else static if (__traits(isTemplate, attribute)) enum isDesiredUDA = isInstanceOf!(attribute, toCheck); else enum isDesiredUDA = is(toCheck == attribute); } alias getUDAs = Filter!(isDesiredUDA, __traits(getAttributes, symbol)); } /// @safe unittest { struct Attr { string name; int value; } @Attr("Answer", 42) int a; static assert(getUDAs!(a, Attr).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(a, Attr)[0].name == "Answer"); static assert(getUDAs!(a, Attr)[0].value == 42); @(Attr("Answer", 42), "string", 9999) int b; static assert(getUDAs!(b, Attr).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(b, Attr)[0].name == "Answer"); static assert(getUDAs!(b, Attr)[0].value == 42); @Attr("Answer", 42) @Attr("Pi", 3) int c; static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr).length == 2); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr)[0].name == "Answer"); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr)[0].value == 42); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr)[1].name == "Pi"); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr)[1].value == 3); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr("Answer", 42)).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr("Answer", 42))[0].name == "Answer"); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr("Answer", 42))[0].value == 42); static assert(getUDAs!(c, Attr("Answer", 99)).length == 0); struct AttrT(T) { string name; T value; } @AttrT!uint("Answer", 42) @AttrT!int("Pi", 3) @AttrT int d; static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT).length == 2); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT)[0].name == "Answer"); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT)[0].value == 42); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT)[1].name == "Pi"); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT)[1].value == 3); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT!uint).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT!uint)[0].name == "Answer"); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT!uint)[0].value == 42); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT!int).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT!int)[0].name == "Pi"); static assert(getUDAs!(d, AttrT!int)[0].value == 3); struct SimpleAttr {} @SimpleAttr int e; static assert(getUDAs!(e, SimpleAttr).length == 1); static assert(is(getUDAs!(e, SimpleAttr)[0] == SimpleAttr)); @SimpleAttr() int f; static assert(getUDAs!(f, SimpleAttr).length == 1); static assert(is(typeof(getUDAs!(f, SimpleAttr)[0]) == SimpleAttr)); struct FuncAttr(alias f) { alias func = f; } static int add42(int v) { return v + 42; } static string concat(string l, string r) { return l ~ r; } @FuncAttr!add42 int g; static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr)[0].func(5) == 47); static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr!add42).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr!add42)[0].func(5) == 47); static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr!add42()).length == 0); static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr!concat).length == 0); static assert(getUDAs!(g, FuncAttr!concat()).length == 0); @FuncAttr!add42() int h; static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr)[0].func(5) == 47); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr!add42).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr!add42)[0].func(5) == 47); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr!add42()).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr!add42())[0].func(5) == 47); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr!concat).length == 0); static assert(getUDAs!(h, FuncAttr!concat()).length == 0); @("alpha") @(42) int i; static assert(getUDAs!(i, "alpha").length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(i, "alpha")[0] == "alpha"); static assert(getUDAs!(i, 42).length == 1); static assert(getUDAs!(i, 42)[0] == 42); static assert(getUDAs!(i, 'c').length == 0); } /** * Gets all symbols within `symbol` that have the given user-defined attribute. * This is not recursive; it will not search for symbols within symbols such as * nested structs or unions. */ template getSymbolsByUDA(alias symbol, alias attribute) { import std.format : format; import std.meta : AliasSeq, Filter; // translate a list of strings into symbols. mixing in the entire alias // avoids trying to access the symbol, which could cause a privacy violation template toSymbols(names...) { static if (names.length == 0) alias toSymbols = AliasSeq!(); else mixin("alias toSymbols = AliasSeq!(symbol.%s, toSymbols!(names[1..$]));" .format(names[0])); } // filtering inaccessible members enum isAccessibleMember(string name) = __traits(compiles, __traits(getMember, symbol, name)); alias accessibleMembers = Filter!(isAccessibleMember, __traits(allMembers, symbol)); // filtering not compiled members such as alias of basic types enum hasSpecificUDA(string name) = mixin("hasUDA!(symbol." ~ name ~ ", attribute)"); enum isCorrectMember(string name) = __traits(compiles, hasSpecificUDA!(name)); alias correctMembers = Filter!(isCorrectMember, accessibleMembers); alias membersWithUDA = toSymbols!(Filter!(hasSpecificUDA, correctMembers)); // if the symbol itself has the UDA, tack it on to the front of the list static if (hasUDA!(symbol, attribute)) alias getSymbolsByUDA = AliasSeq!(symbol, membersWithUDA); else alias getSymbolsByUDA = membersWithUDA; } /// @safe unittest { enum Attr; static struct A { @Attr int a; int b; @Attr void doStuff() {} void doOtherStuff() {} static struct Inner { // Not found by getSymbolsByUDA @Attr int c; } } // Finds both variables and functions with the attribute, but // doesn't include the variables and functions without it. static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr).length == 2); // Can access attributes on the symbols returned by getSymbolsByUDA. static assert(hasUDA!(getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr)[0], Attr)); static assert(hasUDA!(getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr)[1], Attr)); static struct UDA { string name; } static struct B { @UDA("X") int x; @UDA("Y") int y; @(100) int z; } // Finds both UDA attributes. static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(B, UDA).length == 2); // Finds one `100` attribute. static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(B, 100).length == 1); // Can get the value of the UDA from the return value static assert(getUDAs!(getSymbolsByUDA!(B, UDA)[0], UDA)[0].name == "X"); @UDA("A") static struct C { @UDA("B") int d; } // Also checks the symbol itself static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(C, UDA).length == 2); static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(C, UDA)[0].stringof == "C"); static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(C, UDA)[1].stringof == "d"); static struct D { int x; } //Finds nothing if there is no member with specific UDA static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(D,UDA).length == 0); } // #15335: getSymbolsByUDA fails if type has private members @safe unittest { // HasPrivateMembers has, well, private members, one of which has a UDA. import std.internal.test.uda : Attr, HasPrivateMembers; // Trying access to private member from another file therefore we do not have access // for this otherwise we get deprecation warning - not visible from module static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(HasPrivateMembers, Attr).length == 1); static assert(hasUDA!(getSymbolsByUDA!(HasPrivateMembers, Attr)[0], Attr)); } /// @safe unittest { enum Attr; struct A { alias int INT; alias void function(INT) SomeFunction; @Attr int a; int b; @Attr private int c; private int d; } // Here everything is fine, we have access to private member c static assert(getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr).length == 2); static assert(hasUDA!(getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr)[0], Attr)); static assert(hasUDA!(getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr)[1], Attr)); } // #16387: getSymbolsByUDA works with structs but fails with classes @safe unittest { enum Attr; class A { @Attr uint a; } alias res = getSymbolsByUDA!(A, Attr); static assert(res.length == 1); static assert(res[0].stringof == "a"); } /** Returns: $(D true) iff all types $(D T) are the same. */ template allSameType(T...) { static if (T.length <= 1) { enum bool allSameType = true; } else { enum bool allSameType = is(T[0] == T[1]) && allSameType!(T[1..$]); } } /// @safe unittest { static assert(allSameType!(int, int)); static assert(allSameType!(int, int, int)); static assert(allSameType!(float, float, float)); static assert(!allSameType!(int, double)); static assert(!allSameType!(int, float, double)); static assert(!allSameType!(int, float, double, real)); static assert(!allSameType!(short, int, float, double, real)); } /** Returns: $(D true) iff the type $(D T) can be tested in an $(D if)-expression, that is if $(D if (pred(T.init)) {}) is compilable. */ enum ifTestable(T, alias pred = a => a) = __traits(compiles, { if (pred(T.init)) {} }); @safe unittest { import std.meta : AliasSeq, allSatisfy; static assert(allSatisfy!(ifTestable, AliasSeq!(bool, int, float, double, string))); struct BoolWrapper { bool value; } static assert(!ifTestable!(bool, a => BoolWrapper(a))); } /** * Detect whether `X` is a type. Analogous to `is(X)`. This is useful when used * in conjunction with other templates, e.g. `allSatisfy!(isType, X)`. * * Returns: * `true` if `X` is a type, `false` otherwise */ template isType(X...) if (X.length == 1) { enum isType = is(X[0]); } /// @safe unittest { struct S { template Test() {} } class C {} interface I {} union U {} static assert(isType!int); static assert(isType!string); static assert(isType!(int[int])); static assert(isType!S); static assert(isType!C); static assert(isType!I); static assert(isType!U); int n; void func(){} static assert(!isType!n); static assert(!isType!func); static assert(!isType!(S.Test)); static assert(!isType!(S.Test!())); } /** * Detect whether symbol or type `X` is a function. This is different that finding * if a symbol is callable or satisfying `is(X == function)`, it finds * specifically if the symbol represents a normal function declaration, i.e. * not a delegate or a function pointer. * * Returns: * `true` if `X` is a function, `false` otherwise * * See_Also: * Use $(LREF isFunctionPointer) or $(LREF isDelegate) for detecting those types * respectively. */ template isFunction(X...) if (X.length == 1) { static if (is(typeof(&X[0]) U : U*) && is(U == function) || is(typeof(&X[0]) U == delegate)) { // x is a (nested) function symbol. enum isFunction = true; } else static if (is(X[0] T)) { // x is a type. Take the type of it and examine. enum isFunction = is(T == function); } else enum isFunction = false; } /// @safe unittest { static void func(){} static assert(isFunction!func); struct S { void func(){} } static assert(isFunction!(S.func)); } /** * Detect whether `X` is a final method or class. * * Returns: * `true` if `X` is final, `false` otherwise */ template isFinal(X...) if (X.length == 1) { static if (is(X[0] == class)) enum isFinal = __traits(isFinalClass, X[0]); else static if (isFunction!X) enum isFinal = __traits(isFinalFunction, X[0]); else enum isFinal = false; } /// @safe unittest { class C { void nf() {} static void sf() {} final void ff() {} } final class FC { } static assert(!isFinal!(C)); static assert( isFinal!(FC)); static assert(!isFinal!(C.nf)); static assert(!isFinal!(C.sf)); static assert( isFinal!(C.ff)); } /++ + Determines whether the type `S` can be copied. + If a type cannot be copied, then code such as `MyStruct x; auto y = x;` will fail to compile. + Copying for structs can be disabled by using `@disable this(this)`. + + Params: + S = The type to check. + + Returns: + `true` if `S` can be copied. `false` otherwise. + ++/ enum isCopyable(S) = is(typeof( { S foo = S.init; S copy = foo; } )); /// @safe unittest { struct S1 {} // Fine. Can be copied struct S2 { this(this) {}} // Fine. Can be copied struct S3 {@disable this(this) {}} // Not fine. Copying is disabled. struct S4 {S3 s;} // Not fine. A field has copying disabled. class C1 {} static assert( isCopyable!S1); static assert( isCopyable!S2); static assert(!isCopyable!S3); static assert(!isCopyable!S4); static assert(isCopyable!C1); static assert(isCopyable!int); static assert(isCopyable!(int[])); }