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BAtzdHJlYW10eXBlZIHoA4QBQISEhAhOU051bWJlcgCEhAdOU1ZhbHVlAISECE5TT2JqZWN0AIWEASqEhAFklwCG + + + ReadOnly + NO + RowAlign + 1 + RowSpacing + 36 + SheetTitle + キャンバス 1 + SmartAlignmentGuidesActive + YES + SmartDistanceGuidesActive + YES + UniqueID + 1 + UseEntirePage + + VPages + 1 + WindowInfo + + CurrentSheet + 0 + DrawerTab + Outline + DrawerWidth + 209 + Frame + {{159, -24}, {592, 746}} + VisibleRegion + {{0, 0}, {577, 632}} + Zoom + 1 + + + diff -r 6e68a8297587 -r 19623b8a4144 presen/images/rendering.jpg Binary file presen/images/rendering.jpg has changed diff -r 6e68a8297587 -r 19623b8a4144 presen/images/rendering_pipeline.graffle Binary file presen/images/rendering_pipeline.graffle has changed diff -r 6e68a8297587 -r 19623b8a4144 presen/images/rendering_pipeline.jpg Binary file presen/images/rendering_pipeline.jpg has changed diff -r 6e68a8297587 -r 19623b8a4144 presen/images/scene_graph_xml.graffle Binary file presen/images/scene_graph_xml.graffle has changed diff -r 6e68a8297587 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発表概要

PS3 ゲーム開発用フレームワーク Cerium の紹介.

Linda...

+ +

Cerium を用いたゲーム開発

+ SuperDandy3D +

3D シューティングゲーム
Cerium を用いて学生が作成
ジョイスティックやキーボードでの操作が可能
- SDL を用いて入力値を取得している
+

+ + +

ゲームの作り方

ゲームとは: 3Dモデルのレンダリング & 操作

3Dモデル

ポリゴン: 3つの座標によって表現される三角平面.

テクスチャ: ポリゴンに貼られた2Dの画像

3D オブジェクト: ポリゴンが集まってできた一つのブジェクト

+ +

3Dモデルの作成

Blender: フリーの高機能なモデリングツール

+ + +

+ +

モデルをCeriumに読ませる.

3Dオブジェクトの作成 Blender. 生成したオブジェクトをXMLに変換.

Ceriumでは, オブジェクトをSceneGraphと呼ばれるツリー構造で保持.

+ + +

Blender から SceneGraph 用の xml 生成

-PythonScript の導入
-

Blender をダウンロードしてインストール

export_xml.py を用意する

"/Applications/blender-version/blender.app/Contens/MacOS/.blender/scripts
-"
-
```
 以下にexport_xml.py をコピー
```

Cellとは

Cell

PPE

SPE

Ceriumとは

+Ceriumとは当研究室で開発したゲーム開発用フレームワークである

+ +Task Manager
+　タスクと呼ばれる分割されたプログラムを管理する
+ +Scene Graph
+　ゲーム中のオブジェクトの振る舞いや、ルールを管理する。 + +Rendering Engine
+　Cerium独自に開発した描画用のエンジン + +

+の3つの要素から構成される。

+Ceriumは PS3/Cell、linux, macosx 上で動作する。 + +

Rendering Engineの構成

Rendering Engineは主に3つのタスクから構成されている

+ +CreatePolygonタスク
+　モデリングデータからポリゴンを生成するタスク
+CreateSpanタスク
+　生成されたポリゴンを水平な直線(Span)に分割するタスク
+DrawSpanタスク
+　Spanのデータを元に、画面に描画するタスク
+ +

Rendering Engineの流れ

+ +

+ +CreatePolygon:
+SceneGraph をもとに回転や並行移動したポリゴンを、モデルデータから生成するタスク
+ポリゴンは三角形である
+回転や平行移動はSceneGraphが持っている変換行列を用いる +

Rendering Engineの流れ

+ +

CreateSpan:
+三角形のポリゴンを線に分割するタスク。 +生成されたポリゴンを水平な直線(Span)の集合へと分割する
+Spanとは1ドット単位で分割された線 +

+ +

+ + +

Rendering Engineの流れ

+
+

+ +DrawSpan:
+Spanを画面へ描画するタスク
+Spanを1Dotずつ見ていき、対応する画面の1Dotに色をつける
+色はSpanに対応する画像の色をみて決める +

+
SceneGraph
+ +
Blenderで生成した3Dモデルを独自のXML形式で出力.
+
+
SceneGraph の各ノードには MoveTask, Collision Task がある.
-
Blender を起動すると File -> Export に Libps3 (.xml) が追加される

ゲームの初期化部分でcrateFromXMLfileを呼ぶ
-



-void

-game_init(TaskManager *manager, int bg)

-{

-   sgroot->createFromXMLfile(manager, "xml_file/SG.xml");

+

+ +

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

      SceneGraph -> SceneGraph

+      SceneGraph -> Polygon

+      Polygon -> Span Pack

+      Span Pack を Texture を使って Rendering

+      これらを大きく並列に実行する

+      Rendering は細かく並列に実行する

-...
-
+

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

1 dot 1 dot SPUが書いていく
+

rendering

Rendering Task

+SG2PP
+

SceneGraph を操作後、ポリゴンに変換し PolygonPack (ポリゴンの集合)を生成する +

ポリゴンの中から、Span (ポリゴン内にあるx軸に水平な線分) を抽出し、 SpanPack (Span の集合)を生成する +

Span を使って 1 ラインずつ FrameBuffer に描画していく +

+ +

PlayStation3 と Cell

-
並列プログラムとは
-
- 取るに足らないようなプログラムでも並列に実行する必要がある。
- PPEがとても遅いので、SPEで実行するべきである。
- 例えば、Word count
-
-
プログラムを Task に分割
-
Task には依存関係がある（整合性を保つために）
-
Open/CL , Spurs Engine
-
-

並列性

並列度を維持するには

SceneGraph

       階層化された3Dオブジェクト

-       子供の向きを決定する変換行列

-       Camera

-       背景

-       入力デバイス

-

-SceneGraph のノードには、
-

       MoveTask

-       Collision Task 

-       がある

-

ゲームとは、
```
       SceneGraph を

@@ -243,46 +359,7 @@
 
```
だけを書けば、あとは、Cell が自動的に並列に実行してくれる

Task の作り方

-SchedTask を継承した class を作る
-



-class SpeTask : public SchedTask {

-    SchedConstructor( SpeTask );

-    int run(TaskManager *manager, void *rbuf, void *wbuf);

-
-};

-

run 関数は Task における main 関数のようなもの
-SchedConstructor() で class 名を登録する
-(C++のnew を使うとメモリを食われる...)
-

SchedRegisterTask(TASK_SPE, SpeTask) で SpeTask に TASK_SPE という ID をつけて
-登録します
-

Task の作り方(Con't)



-/* 先ほど登録した ID を指定して Task を生成 */

-HTaskPtr task = manager->create_task(TASK_SPE);

-/* 入出力先の指定 */

-task->add_inData(rbuff, rbuff_SIZE);

-task->add_outData(wbuff, wbuff_SIZE);

-
/* CPU の指定 */

-task->set_cpu(SPE_ANY);

-
/* Task の投入 */

-task->spawn();

-

Task の作り方(Con't)

-Task は依存関係を記述する事ができる
-



-/* taskB は taskA が終わるまで待つ */

-taskB->wait_for(taskA);

-/* taskC は taskB が終わるまで待つ */

-taskC->wait_for(taskB);

-

並列アーキテクチャは並列でないと...
特に、Cell/PS3 は、SPUで実行しないとだめ
@@ -297,95 +374,8 @@ Task 同士が、同期を行なう

Cerium Engine での同期

      Task 内では同期はしない

-      Local Storage/専有したメインメモリしか使わない

-      Task が終了した時に、Single Thread で動いているPPE

-      がデータの整理/同期を行なう

-      Task 側では、Task の生成は行なわない

-      Task の post_func (continuation) で、Taskを生成する

-

SPE Task, PPE Task

      Task 内で生成しても即座には実行されない

-      Task 終了時に、SPEに送る Task List が作られる

-      Task List のアドレスがSPEにメールされる

-      SPEがメールを見て、Task List を読み込み実行する

-      Task List の読み込みとSPEのTaskの実行は並列

-      Task List がなくなる(なくなりそうになると)と、

-           PPEにメールで要求する

-

-PPE Task
-

      SPE Task と互換。メインメモリを自由に参照できる

-

-
Fifo TaskManager
-
全部、同じCPU上で実行する。
-
OS X 上で動作する (Linux でも)
-
デバッグ用
-

MemList と Hash

      get_segment/put_segment/wait_segement

-      明示的にキャッシュ制御する必要がある

-

-特に、
-

Dynamic SPE Task
-

      SPE上に常駐しないTask

-      MemList と Hash で管理されている

-

-256K (GBAと同じ!?) しかメモリがないので重要
-

SPU上でのコード管理

       GCCのOverlayを使う 

-       Overlay では、異なる場所にコードを置けない

-         部分的にPICではなく、絶対参照に変更する

-       自分自身へは相対参照。ライブラリへは絶対参照

-       Perl Script で書き換える

-

Task list

       task_list にオブジェクト生成するコードを入れる

-       オブジェクトが生成されてしまえば、普通に扱える

-       task 実行中にコードが追い出されることはない

-           現在実行中のコード

-           次にロードするコード

-       の二つは必ずメモリ上にある

-

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

      SceneGraph -> SceneGraph

-      SceneGraph -> Polygon

-      Polygon -> Span Pack

-      Span Pack を Texture を使って Rendering

-      これらを大きく並列に実行する

-      Rendering は細かく並列に実行する

-

-
SceneGraph と Rendering Engine
-
1 dot 1 dot SPUが書いていく
-

-
-
Rendering Task
-SG2PP
-
- SceneGraph を操作後、ポリゴンに変換し PolygonPack (ポリゴンの集合)を生成する -
- ポリゴンの中から、Span (ポリゴン内にあるx軸に水平な線分) を抽出し、 SpanPack (Span の集合)を生成する -
- Span を使って 1 ラインずつ FrameBuffer に描画していく -
-
Demo

発表概要

Cerium を用いたゲーム開発

ゲームの作り方

3Dモデル

3Dモデルの作成

モデルをCeriumに読ませる.

Blender から SceneGraph 用の xml 生成

Cellとは

Ceriumとは

Rendering Engineの構成

Rendering Engineの流れ

Rendering Engineの流れ

Rendering Engineの流れ

SceneGraph

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

Rendering Task

PlayStation3 と Cell

並列プログラムとは

プログラムを Task に分割

並列性

SceneGraph

ゲームとは、

Task の作り方

Task の作り方(Con't)

Task の作り方(Con't)

並列アーキテクチャは並列でないと...

Cerium Engine での同期

SPE Task, PPE Task

Fifo TaskManager

MemList と Hash

SPU上でのコード管理

Task list

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

SceneGraph と Rendering Engine

Rendering Task

Demo