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author Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Tue, 16 Jan 2018 21:00:07 +0900
parents 20170116/slide.md@ac148561d3ef
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1 title: 分散フレームワークakkaの調査
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2 author: Takahiro Shimizu
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Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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3 profile:
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Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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4 lang: Japanese
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5
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6
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7 # 調査目的
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8 * 先輩の修論の比較材料の為に行う
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9 * 分散フレームワークの1つであるakkaがどのような書き方、及び処理なのかを調査する
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10
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11 # 調査内容
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12 * akkaのmac osx,ubuntu上の導入
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13 * [公式チュートリアル](https://developer.lightbend.com/guides/akka-quickstart-java/)の例題を行う
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14 * 今回はJavaで実行した
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15
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16 # 環境構築
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17
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18 * 公式からzipファイルで提供されているので落とす
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19 * 例題はGradleで実行できるように作成されているので `$ gradle run` を実行可能.
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20
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21 # akkaの分散処理
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22
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23 * akkaはアクターモデルを採用したフレームワーク
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24 * アクターモデルでは「アクター」と呼ばれるオブジェクト同士がメッセージ通信を行うことで並列処理を実現する(イベント・ドリブン)
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25 * publicなAPIを持っていない為,強力な分離機能を持っており、複数のJVMなどでも連携可能
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26 * 環境透過性
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27 * 軽量
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28 * JVM上で動き、ScalaとJavaをサポートしている
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29
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30 # 例題(Hello,World)
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31
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32 * 今回は公式チュートリアルにある、複数のアクターが挨拶をするHello Worldの例題を実行する
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33 * <img src="https://developer.lightbend.com/guides/akka-quickstart-java/images/hello-akka-architecture.png">
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34
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35 * 実行結果
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36
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37 ```
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38 $ gradle run
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39 Starting a Gradle Daemon (subsequent builds will be faster)
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40
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41 > Task :run
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42 >>> Press ENTER to exit <<<
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43 [INFO] [01/16/2018 15:33:05.871] [helloakka-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-4] [akka://helloakka/user/printerActor] Howdy, Akka
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44 [INFO] [01/16/2018 15:33:05.872] [helloakka-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-4] [akka://helloakka/user/printerActor] Howdy, Lightbend
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45 [INFO] [01/16/2018 15:33:05.872] [helloakka-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-4] [akka://helloakka/user/printerActor] Good day, Play
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46 [INFO] [01/16/2018 15:33:05.872] [helloakka-akka.actor.default-dispatcher-4] [akka://helloakka/user/printerActor] Hello, Java
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47 ```
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48
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49 # Hello World Actors
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50
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51 * 例題のActorrは3種類のmessageを利用する
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52
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53 * `WhoToGreet`
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54 * greetingの受取用オブジェクト
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55 * `Greet`
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56 * greetingの実行用
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57 * `Greeting`
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58 * `greeting`にメッセージを含める為の命令
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59
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60 * 複数のスレッドで共有をする必要がある為、メッセージはimmutableでなければならない
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61
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62
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63 # Greeter Actor
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64
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65 * `Greeter` のコンストラクタは、送信用メッセージと出力用のActorのリファレンスを必要とする
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66 * mainの中ではGreeterは複数呼ばれている
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67
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68 ```
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69 package com.lightbend.akka.sample;
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70
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71 import akka.actor.AbstractActor;
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72 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
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73 import akka.actor.Props;
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74 import com.lightbend.akka.sample.Printer.Greeting;
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75
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76 public class Greeter extends AbstractActor {
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77 static public Props props(String message, ActorRef printerActor) {
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78 return Props.create(Greeter.class, () -> new Greeter(message, printerActor));
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79 }
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80
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81 static public class WhoToGreet {
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82 public final String who;
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83
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84 public WhoToGreet(String who) {
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85 this.who = who;
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86 }
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87 }
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88
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89 static public class Greet {
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90 public Greet() {
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91 }
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92 }
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93
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94 private final String message;
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95 private final ActorRef printerActor;
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96 private String greeting = "";
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97
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98 public Greeter(String message, ActorRef printerActor) {
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99 this.message = message;
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100 this.printerActor = printerActor;
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101 }
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102
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103 @Override
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104 public Receive createReceive() {
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105 return receiveBuilder()
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106 .match(WhoToGreet.class, wtg -> {
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107 this.greeting = message + ", " + wtg.who;
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108 })
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109 .match(Greet.class, x -> {
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110 printerActor.tell(new Greeting(greeting), getSelf());
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111 })
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112 .build();
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113 }
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114 }
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115 ```
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116
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117 # Printer Actor
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118
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119 * `Logging.getLogger(getContext().getSystem(), this);` で各Actorが `log.info()` に追記していく
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120 * `Greeting` とlogsに対してhandleを所持している
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121
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122 ```
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123 package com.lightbend.akka.sample;
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124
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125 import akka.actor.AbstractActor;
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126 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
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127 import akka.actor.Props;
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128 import akka.event.Logging;
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129 import akka.event.LoggingAdapter;
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130
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131 public class Printer extends AbstractActor {
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132 static public Props props() {
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133 return Props.create(Printer.class, () -> new Printer());
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134 }
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135
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136 static public class Greeting {
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137 public final String message;
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138
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139 public Greeting(String message) {
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140 this.message = message;
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141 }
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142 }
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143
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144 private LoggingAdapter log = Logging.getLogger(getContext().getSystem(), this);
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145
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146 public Printer() {
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147 }
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148
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149 @Override
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150 public Receive createReceive() {
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151 return receiveBuilder()
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152 .match(Greeting.class, greeting -> {
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153 log.info(greeting.message);
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154 })
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155 .build();
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156 }
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157 }
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158 ```
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159
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160
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161 # Actorを作る
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162
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163 * akkaはインスタンスを作る際に `new` を使わない。これはakkaのインスタンスがリファレンスである為 (`akka.actor.ActorRef`)である。
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164 * その為、軽量かつ柔軟にシステムに組み込むことが可能である
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165 * akkaのActorは `akka.actor.ActorSystem` が管理する。(factoryなどとも呼ばれる)
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166 * 例題では次のようにakkaのインスタンスを作成している。
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167
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168 ```
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169 public class AkkaQuickstart {
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170 public static void main(String[] args) {
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171 final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("helloakka");
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172 try {
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173 //#create-actors
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174 final ActorRef printerActor =
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175 system.actorOf(Printer.props(), "printerActor");
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176 final ActorRef howdyGreeter =
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177 system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Howdy", printerActor), "howdyGreeter");
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178 final ActorRef helloGreeter =
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179 system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Hello", printerActor), "helloGreeter");
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180 final ActorRef goodDayGreeter =
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181 system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Good day", printerActor), "goodDayGreeter");
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182 //#create-actors
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183 ```
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184
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185 # メッセージ送信
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186
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187 * akkaのメッセージ送信は `ActorRef`の`tell`メソッドを呼ぶ。
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188
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189 ```
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190 howdyGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Akka"), ActorRef.noSender());
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191 howdyGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());
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192
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193 howdyGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Lightbend"), ActorRef.noSender());
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194 howdyGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());
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195
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196 helloGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Java"), ActorRef.noSender());
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197 helloGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());
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198
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199 goodDayGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Play"), ActorRef.noSender());
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200 goodDayGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());
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201 ```
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202
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203 * `Greeter` Actrorは `Printer` Actorにメッセージを送信している
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204
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205 ```
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206 printerActor.tell(new Greeting(greeting), getSelf());
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207 ```
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208
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209 # テスト
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210
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211 * Javaで使われているのでテストはJUnitを利用できる
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212 * akkaaでは `akka.test.javadsl.TestKit` が用意されており, TestKit が推奨されている。
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213 * 詳しくは[公式ドキュメント](https://doc.akka.io/docs/akka/current/testing.html?language=java)を見ろということらしい…
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214
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215 ```
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216 `ckage com.lightbend.akka.sample;
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217
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218 import akka.actor.ActorRef;
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219 import akka.actor.ActorSystem;
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220 import akka.testkit.javadsl.TestKit;
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221 import com.lightbend.akka.sample.Greeter.*;
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222 import com.lightbend.akka.sample.Printer.*;
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223
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224 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
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225
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226 import org.junit.AfterClass;
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227 import org.junit.BeforeClass;
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228 import org.junit.Test;
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229
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230 public class AkkaQuickstartTest {
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231 static ActorSystem system;
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232
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233 @BeforeClass
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234 public static void setup() {
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235 system = ActorSystem.create();
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236 }
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237
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238 @AfterClass
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239 public static void teardown() {
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240 TestKit.shutdownActorSystem(system);
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241 system = null;
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242 }
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243
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244 @Test
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245 public void testGreeterActorSendingOfGreeting() {
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246 final TestKit testProbe = new TestKit(system);
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247 final ActorRef helloGreeter = system.actorOf(Greeter.props("Hello", testProbe.getRef()));
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248 helloGreeter.tell(new WhoToGreet("Akka"), ActorRef.noSender());
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249 helloGreeter.tell(new Greet(), ActorRef.noSender());
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250 Greeting greeting = testProbe.expectMsgClass(Greeting.class);
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Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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251 assertEquals("Hello, Akka", greeting.message);
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Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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252 }
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Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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253 }
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Takahiro SHIMIZU <anatofuz@cr.ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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254 ```