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author | Yasutaka Higa <e115763@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp> |
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date | Thu, 18 Jun 2015 16:06:36 +0900 |
parents | fcf37cf337ea |
children | c93a37ff6c79 |
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title: A Novel Greeting System Selection System for a Culture-Adaptive Humanoid Robot author: Tatsuki KANAGAWA <br> Yasutaka HIGA profile: Concurrency Reliance Lab lang: Japanese # Abstract: Robots and cultures * Robots, especially humanoids, are expected to perform human-like actions and adapt to our ways of communication in order to facilitate their acceptance in human society. * Among humans, rules of communication change depending on background culture. * Greeting are a part of communication in which cultural differences are strong. # Abstract: Summary of this paper * In this paper, we present the modelling of social factors that influence greeting choice, * and the resulting novel culture-dependent greeting gesture and words selection system. * An experiment with German participants was run using the humanoid robot ARMAR-IIIb. # Introduction: Acceptance of humanoid robots * Acceptance of humanoid robots in human societies is a critical issue. * One of the main factors is the relations ship between the background culture of human partners and acceptance. * ecologies, social structures, philosophies, educational systems. # Introduction: Culture adapted greetings * In the work Trovat et al. culture-dependent acceptance and discomfort relating to greeting gestures were found in a comparative study with Egyptian and Japanese participants. * As the importance of culture-specific customization of greeting was confirmed. * Acceptance of robots can be improved if they are able to adapt to different kinds of greeting rules. # Introduction: Methods of implementation adaptive behaviour * Adaptive behaviour in robotics can be achieved through various methods: * reinforcement learning * neural networks * generic algorithms * function regression # Introduction: Greeting interaction with robots * Robots are expected to interact and communicate with humans of different cultural background in a natural way. * It is there therefore important to study greeting interaction between robots and humans. * ARMAR-III: greeted the Chancellor of Germany with a handshake * ASIMO: is capable of performing a wider range of greetings * (a handshake, waving both hands, and bowing) # Introduction: Objectives of this paper * The robot should be trained with sociology data related to one country, and evolve its behaviour by engaging with people of another country in a small number of interactions. * For the implementation of the gestures and the interaction experiment, we used the humanoid robot ARMAR-IIIb. * As the experiment is carried out in Germany, the interactions are with German participants, while preliminary training is done with Japanese data, which is culturally extremely different. # Introduction: ARMAR-IIIb * TODO: picture of ARMAR-IIIb <!-- ![ARMAR-IIIb][armar](figures/ARMAR-IIIb.png) --> # Introduction: Target scenario * The idea behind this study is a typical scenario in which a foreigner visiting a country for the first time greets local people in an inappropriate way as long as he is unaware of the rules that define the greeting choice. * (e.g., a Westerner in Japan) * For example, he might want to shake hands or hug, and will receive a bow instead. # Introduction: Objectives of this work * This work is an application of a study of sociology into robotics. * Our contribution is to synthesize the complex and sparse data related to greeting types into a model; * create a selection and adaptation system; * and implement the greetings in a way that can potentially be applied to any robot. # Greeting Selection: Greetings among humans * Greetings are the means of initiating and closing an interaction. * We desire that robots be able to greet people in a similar way to humans. * For this reason, understanding current research on greetings in sociological studies is necessary. * Moreover, depending on cultural background, there can be different rules of engagement in human-human interaction. # Greeting Selection: Solution for selection * A unified model of greetings does not seem to exist in the literature, but a few studies have attempted a classification of greetings. * Some more specific studies have been done on handshaking. # Greeting Selection: Classes for greetings * A classification of greetings was first attempted by Friedman based on intimacy and commonness. * The following greeting types were mentioned: smile; wave; nod; kiss on mouth; kiss on cheek; hug; handshake; pat on back; rising; bow; salute; and kiss on hand. * Greenbaum et al. also performed a gender-related investigation, while [24] contained a comparative study between Germans and Japanese. # Greeting Selection: Factors on Classification * 'terms' : same terms with different meanings, or different terms with the same meaning. * 'location' : influences intimacy and greeting words. (private or public) * 'intimacy' : is influenced by physical distance, eye contact, gender, location, and culture. (Social Distance) * 'Time' : time of the day is important for the choice of words. * 'Politeness', 'Power Relationship', 'culture' and more. # Greeting Selection: Factors on Classification TODO: Insert FIGURE 1 * the factors to be cut are greyed out. # Model of Greetings: Assumptions (1 - 5) * The simplification was guided by the following ten assumptions. * Only two individuals (a robot and a human participant): we do not take in consideration a higher number of individuals. * Eye contact is taken for granted. * Age is considered part of 'power relationship' * Regionality is not considered. * Setting is not considered # Model of Greetings: Assumptions (6 - 10) * Physical distance is close enough to allow interaction * Gender is intended to be a same-sex dyad * Affect is considered together with 'social distance' * Time since the last interaction is partially included in 'social distance' * Intimacy and politeness are not necessary <style> .slide.cover H2 { font-size: 60px; } </style> <!-- vim: set filetype=markdown.slide: -->