title: A Novel Greeting System Selection System for a Culture-Adaptive Humanoid Robot
author: Tatsuki KANAGAWA <br> Yasutaka HIGA
profile: Concurrency Reliance Lab
lang: Japanese

# Abstract: Robots and cultures
* Robots, especially humanoids, are expected to perform human-like actions and adapt to our ways of communication in order to facilitate their acceptance in human society.
* Among humans, rules of communication change depending on background culture.
* Greeting are a part of communication in which cultural differences are strong.

# Abstract: Summary of this paper
* In this paper, we present the modelling of social factors that influence greeting choice,
* and the resulting novel culture-dependent greeting gesture and words selection system.
* An experiment with German participants was run using the humanoid robot ARMAR-IIIb.

# Introduction: Acceptance of humanoid robots
* Acceptance of humanoid robots in human societies is a critical issue.
* One of the main factors is the relations ship between the background culture of human partners and acceptance.
    * ecologies, social structures, philosophies, educational systems.

# Introduction: Culture adapted greetings
* In the work Trovat et al. culture-dependent acceptance and discomfort relating to greeting gestures were found in a comparative study with Egyptian and Japanese participants.
* As the importance of culture-specific customization of greeting was confirmed.
* Acceptance of robots can be improved if they are able to adapt to different kinds of greeting rules.

# Introduction: Methods of implementation adaptive behaviour
* Adaptive behaviour in robotics can be achieved through various methods:
    * reinforcement learning
    * neural networks
    * generic algorithms
    * function regression

# Introduction: Greeting interaction with robots
* Robots are expected to interact and communicate with humans of different cultural background in a natural way.
* It is there therefore important to study greeting interaction between robots and humans.
    * ARMAR-III: greeted the Chancellor of Germany with a handshake
    * ASIMO: is capable of performing a wider range of greetings
    * (a handshake, waving both hands, and bowing)

# Introduction: Objectives of this paper
* The robot should be trained with sociology data related to one country, and evolve its behaviour by engaging with people of another country in a small number of interactions.
* For the implementation of the gestures and the interaction experiment, we used the humanoid robot ARMAR-IIIb.
* As the experiment is carried out in Germany, the interactions are with German participants, while preliminary training is done with Japanese data, which is culturally extremely different.

# Introduction: ARMAR-IIIb
* TODO: picture of ARMAR-IIIb <!-- ![ARMAR-IIIb][armar](figures/ARMAR-IIIb.png) -->

# Introduction: Target scenario
* The idea behind this study is a typical scenario in which a foreigner visiting a country for the first time greets local people in an inappropriate way as long as he is unaware of the rules that define the greeting choice.
    * (e.g., a Westerner in Japan)
* For example, he might want to shake hands or hug, and will receive a bow instead.

# Introduction: Objectives of this work
* This work is an application of a study of sociology into robotics.
* Our contribution is to synthesize the complex and sparse data related to greeting types into a model;
* create a selection and adaptation system;
* and implement the greetings in a way that can potentially be applied to any robot.

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