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1 .\" This file is automatically generated. Do not edit!
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2 .\" @(#)$Id$
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3 .SC PICK 1
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4 .NA
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5 pick \- select messages by content
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6 .SY
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7 .ie t \{\
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8 .ta .4i 1.8i
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9 .nf
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10 .in .5i
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11 ^pick~^^\0\-cc~^ \%[+folder] \%[msgs] \%[\-help]
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12 ^^^\0\-date~^ \%[\-before\ date] \%[\-after\ date] \%[\-datefield\ field]
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13 ^^^\0\-from~^
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14 ^^^\s+2\b'\(lt\(bv\(bv\(lk\(bv\(bv\(lb'\s0\-search~\s+2\b'\(rt\(bv\(bv\(rk\(bv\(bv\(rb'\s0^ pattern \%[\-and\ ...] \%[\-or\ ...] \%[\-not\ ...] \%[\-lbrace\ ...\ \-rbrace]
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15 ^^^\0\-subject~^
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16 ^^^\0\-to~^ \%[\-sequence\ name\ ...] \%[\-public] \%[\-nopublic] \%[\-zero] \%[\-nozero]
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17 ^^^\0\-\|\-component~^ \%[\-list] \%[\-nolist]
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18 .fi
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19 .re
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20 .in 1i
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21 .\}
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22 .el \{\
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23 .ti .5i
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24 pick
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25 \%[+folder] \%[msgs]
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26 \%[\-and\ ...] \%[\-or\ ...] \%[\-not\ ...] \%[\-lbrace\ ...\ \-rbrace]
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27 \%[\-\|\-component\ pattern]
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28 \%[\-cc\ pattern]
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29 \%[\-date\ pattern]
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30 \%[\-from\ pattern]
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31 \%[\-search\ pattern]
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32 \%[\-subject\ pattern]
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33 \%[\-to\ pattern]
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34 \%[\-after\ date] \%[\-before\ date] \%[\-datefield\ field]
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35 \%[\-sequence\ name\ ...]
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36 \%[\-public] \%[\-nopublic]
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37 \%[\-zero] \%[\-nozero]
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38 \%[\-list] \%[\-nolist]
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39 \%[\-help]
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40 .\}
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41
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42 .ti .5i
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43 typically:
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44 .br
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45 scan\0`pick\0\-from\0jones`
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46 .br
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47 pick\0\-to\0holloway\0\-sequence\0select
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48 .br
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49 show\0`pick\0\-before\0friday`
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50 .DE
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51 \fIPick\fR searches messages within a folder for the specified
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52 contents, and then identifies those messages.
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53 Two types of search primitives are available:
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54 pattern matching and date constraint operations.
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55
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56 A modified \fIgrep\fR(1) is used to perform the matching, so the
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57 full regular expression (see \fIed\fR(1)) facility is available
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58 within `pattern'.
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59 With `\-search', `pattern' is used directly,
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60 and with the others, the grep pattern constructed is:
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61
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62 .ti +.5i
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63 \*(lqcomponent[ \\t]*:\&.*pattern\*(rq
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64
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65 This means that the pattern specified for a `\-search' will be
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66 found everywhere in the message, including the header and the body,
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67 while the other pattern matching requests are limited to the single
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68 specified component.
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69 The expression
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70
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71 .ti +.5i
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72 `\-\|\-component\ pattern'
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73
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74 is a shorthand for specifying
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75
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76 .ti +.5i
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77 `\-search \*(lqcomponent[ \\t]*:\&.*pattern\*(rq\ '
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78
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79 It is used to pick a component which is not one of
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80 \*(lqTo:\*(rq, \*(lqcc:\*(rq, \*(lqDate:\*(rq, \*(lqFrom:\*(rq,
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81 or \*(lqSubject:\*(rq.
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82 An example is `pick\0\-\|\-reply\-to\0pooh'.
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83
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84 Pattern matching is performed on a per\-line basis.
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85 Within the header of
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86 the message, each component is treated as one long line, but in
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87 the body, each line is separate.
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88 Lower\-case letters in the
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89 search pattern will match either lower or upper case in the
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90 message, while upper case will match only upper case.
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91
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92 Note that since the `\-date' switch is a pattern matching operation (as
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93 described above),
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94 to find messages sent on a certain date
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95 the pattern string must match the text of the
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96 \*(lqDate:\*(rq field of the message.
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97
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98 Independent of any pattern matching operations requested,
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99 the switches `\-after date' or `\-before date' may also be used
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100 to introduce date/time contraints on all of the messages.
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101 By default, the \*(lqDate:\*(rq field is consulted,
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102 but if another date yielding field
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103 (such as \*(lqBB\-Posted:\*(rq or \*(lqDelivery\-Date:\*(rq) should be used,
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104 the `\-datefield\ field' switch may be used.
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105
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106 With `\-before' and `\-after',
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107 \fIpick\fR will actually parse the date fields in each of the messages
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108 specified in `msgs'
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109 and compare them to the date/time specified.
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110 If `\-after' is given,
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111 then only those messages whose \*(lqDate:\*(rq field value
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112 is chronologically after
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113 the date specified will be considered.
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114 The `\-before' switch specifies the complimentary action.
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115
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116 Both the `\-after' and `\-before' switches take legal 822\-style date
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117 specifications as arguments.
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118 \fIPick\fR will default certain missing fields so that the entire date
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119 need not be specified.
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120 These fields are (in order of defaulting):
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121 timezone, time and timezone, date, date and timezone.
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122 All defaults are taken from the current date, time, and timezone.
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123
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124 In addition to 822\-style dates,
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125 \fIpick\fR will also recognize any of the days of the week
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126 (\*(lqsunday\*(rq, \*(lqmonday\*(rq, and so on),
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127 and the special dates
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128 \*(lqtoday\*(rq, \*(lqyesterday\*(rq (24 hours ago),
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129 and \*(lqtomorrow\*(rq (24 hours from now).
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130 All days of the week are judged to refer to a day in the past
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131 (e.g., telling \fIpick\fR \*(lqsaturday\*(rq on
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132 a \*(lqtuesday\*(rq means \*(lqlast\ saturday\*(rq
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133 not \*(lqthis\ saturday\*(rq).
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134
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135 Finally, in addition to these special specifications,
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136 \fIpick\fR will also honor a specification of the form \*(lq\-dd\*(rq,
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137 which means \*(lqdd days ago\*(rq.
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138
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139 \fIPick\fR supports complex boolean operations on the searching primitives
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140 with the `\-and', `\-or', `\-not', and `\-lbrace\ ...\ \-rbrace' switches.
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141 For example,
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142
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143 .ti +.5i
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144 .ie t \{\
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145 pick\0\-after\0yesterday\0\-and\0\-lbrace\0\-from\0freida\0\-or\0\-from\0fear\0\-rbrace
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146 .\}
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147 .el \{\
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148 pick\0\-after\0yesterday\0\-and
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149 .br
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150 .ti +1i
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151 \-lbrace\0\-from\0freida\0\-or\0\-from\0fear\0\-rbrace
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152 .\}
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153
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154 identifies messages recently sent by \*(lqfrieda\*(rq or \*(lqfear\*(rq.
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155
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156 The matching primitives take precedence over the `\-not' switch,
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157 which in turn takes precedence over `\-and'
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158 which in turn takes precedence over `\-or'.
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159 To override the default precedence,
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160 the `\-lbrace' and `\-rbrace' switches are provided,
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161 which act just like opening and closing parentheses in logical expressions.
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162
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163 If no search criteria are given, all the messages
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164 specified on the command
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165 line are selected (this defaults to \*(lqall\*(rq).
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166
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167 Once the search has been performed,
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168 if the `\-list' switch is given,
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169 the message numbers of the selected messages are written to the standard
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170 output separated by newlines.
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171 This is \fIextremely\fR useful for quickly generating arguments for other
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172 \fIMH\fR programs by using the \*(lqbackquoting\*(rq syntax of the shell.
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173 For example,
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174 the command
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175
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176 .ti +.5i
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177 scan\0`pick\0+todo\0\-after\0\*(lq31 Mar 83 0123 PST\*(rq`
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178
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179 says to \fIscan\fR those messages in the indicated folder which meet the
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180 appropriate criterion.
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181 Note that since \fIpick\fR\0's context changes are written out prior to
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182 \fIscan\fR\0's invocation,
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183 you need not give the folder argument to \fIscan\fR as well.
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184
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185 Regardless of the operation of the `\-list' switch,
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186 the `\-sequence name' switch may be given once for each sequence the user
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187 wishes to define.
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188 For each sequence named,
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189 that sequence will be defined to mean exactly those messages selected by
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190 \fIpick\fR.
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191 For example,
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192
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193 .ti +.5i
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194 pick\0\-from\0frated\0\-seq\0fred
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195
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196 defines a new message sequence for the current folder called \*(lqfred\*(rq
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197 which contains exactly those messages that were selected.
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198
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199 Note that whenever \fIpick\fR processes a `\-sequence\ name' switch,
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200 it sets `\-nolist'.
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201
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202 By default, \fIpick\fR will zero the sequence before adding it.
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203 This action can be disabled with the `\-nozero' switch,
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204 which means that the messages selected by \fIpick\fR will be added to the
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205 sequence, if it already exists, and any messages already a part of that
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206 sequence will remain so.
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207
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208 The `\-public' and `\-nopublic' switches are used by \fIpick\fR in the same
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209 way \fImark\fR uses them.
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210 .Fi
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211 ^$HOME/\&.mh\(ruprofile~^The user profile
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212 .Pr
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213 ^Path:~^To determine the user's MH directory
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214 .Ps
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215 ^Current\-Folder:~^To find the default current folder
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216 .Sa
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217 mark(1)
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218 .De
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219 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
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220 .Ds
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221 `msgs' defaults to all
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222 .Ds
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223 `\-datefield date'
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224 .Ds
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225 `\-nopublic' if the folder is read\-only, `\-public' otherwise
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226 .Ds
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227 `\-zero'
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228 .Ds
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229 `\-list' is the default if no `\-sequence', `\-nolist' otherwise
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230 .Co
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231 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.
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232 .Hi
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233 In previous versions of \fIMH\fR,
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234 the \fIpick\fR command would \fIshow\fR, \fIscan\fR, or \fIrefile\fR the
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235 selected messages.
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236 This was rather \*(lqinverted logic\*(rq from the UNIX point of view,
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237 so \fIpick\fR was changed to define sequences and output those sequences.
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238 Hence, \fIpick\fR can be used to generate the arguments for all other
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239 \fIMH\fR commands,
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240 instead of giving \fIpick\fR endless switches for invoking those commands
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241 itself.
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242
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243 Also, previous versions of \fIpick\fR balked if you didn't specify a search
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244 string or a date/time constraint.
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245 The current version does not, and merely matches the messages you specify.
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246 This lets you type something like:
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247
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248 .ti +.5i
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249 show\0`pick\0last:20\0\-seq\0fear`
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250
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251 instead of typing
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252
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253 .in +.5i
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254 .nf
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255 mark\0\-add\0\-nozero\0\-seq\0fear\0last:20
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256 show\0fear
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257 .fi
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258 .in -.5i
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259
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260 Finally,
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261 timezones used to be ignored when comparing dates:
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262 they aren't any more.
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263 .Hh
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264 Use \*(lqpick sequence \-list\*(rq
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265 to enumerate the messages in a sequence (such as for use
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266 by a shell script).
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267 .Bu
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268 The argument to the `\-after' and `\-before' switches must be interpreted
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269 as a single token by the shell that invokes \fIpick\fR.
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270 Therefore,
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271 one must usually place the argument to this switch inside double\-quotes.
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272 Furthermore,
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273 any occurance of `\-datefield' must occur prior to the `\-after'
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274 or `\-before' switch it applies to.
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275
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276 If \fIpick\fR is used in a back\-quoted operation,
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277 such as
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278
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279 .ti +.5i
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280 scan\0`pick\0\-from\0jones`
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281
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282 and \fIpick\fR selects no messages
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283 (e.g., no messages are from \*(lqjones\*(rq),
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284 then the shell will still run the outer command (e.g., \*(lqscan\*(rq).
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285 Since no messages were matched,
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286 \fIpick\fR produced no output,
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287 and the argument given to the outer command as a result of backquoting
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288 \fIpick\fR is empty.
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289 In the case of \fIMH\fR programs,
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290 the outer command now acts as if the default `msg' or `msgs' should be used
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291 (e.g., \*(lqall\*(rq in the case of \fIscan\fR\0).
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292 To prevent this unexpected behavior,
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293 if `\-list' was given,
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294 and if its standard output is not a tty,
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295 then \fIpick\fR outputs the illegal message number \*(lq0\*(rq when it fails.
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296 This lets the outer command fail gracefully as well.
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297 .sp
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298 The pattern syntax \*(lq[l-r]\*(rq is not supported; each letter
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299 to be matched must be included within the square brackets.
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300 .En
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