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1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2 -- --
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3 -- GNU ADA RUN-TIME LIBRARY (GNARL) COMPONENTS --
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4 -- --
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5 -- S Y S T E M . T A S K _ P R I M I T I V E S .O P E R A T I O N S --
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6 -- --
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7 -- S p e c --
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8 -- --
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131
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9 -- Copyright (C) 1992-2018, Free Software Foundation, Inc. --
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111
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10 -- --
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11 -- GNARL is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under --
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12 -- terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Soft- --
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13 -- ware Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later ver- --
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14 -- sion. GNAT is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITH- --
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15 -- OUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY --
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16 -- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. --
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17 -- --
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18 -- As a special exception under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted --
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19 -- additional permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, --
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20 -- version 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. --
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21 -- --
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22 -- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and --
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23 -- a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; --
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24 -- see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively. If not, see --
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25 -- <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. --
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26 -- --
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27 -- GNARL was developed by the GNARL team at Florida State University. --
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28 -- Extensive contributions were provided by Ada Core Technologies, Inc. --
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29 -- --
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30 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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31
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32 -- This package contains all the GNULL primitives that interface directly with
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33 -- the underlying OS.
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34
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35 with System.Parameters;
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36 with System.Tasking;
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37 with System.OS_Interface;
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38
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39 package System.Task_Primitives.Operations is
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40 pragma Preelaborate;
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41
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42 package ST renames System.Tasking;
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43 package OSI renames System.OS_Interface;
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44
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45 procedure Initialize (Environment_Task : ST.Task_Id);
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46 -- Perform initialization and set up of the environment task for proper
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47 -- operation of the tasking run-time. This must be called once, before any
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48 -- other subprograms of this package are called.
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49
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50 procedure Create_Task
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51 (T : ST.Task_Id;
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52 Wrapper : System.Address;
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53 Stack_Size : System.Parameters.Size_Type;
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54 Priority : System.Any_Priority;
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55 Succeeded : out Boolean);
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56 pragma Inline (Create_Task);
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57 -- Create a new low-level task with ST.Task_Id T and place other needed
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58 -- information in the ATCB.
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59 --
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60 -- A new thread of control is created, with a stack of at least Stack_Size
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61 -- storage units, and the procedure Wrapper is called by this new thread
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62 -- of control. If Stack_Size = Unspecified_Storage_Size, choose a default
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63 -- stack size; this may be effectively "unbounded" on some systems.
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64 --
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65 -- The newly created low-level task is associated with the ST.Task_Id T
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66 -- such that any subsequent call to Self from within the context of the
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67 -- low-level task returns T.
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68 --
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69 -- The caller is responsible for ensuring that the storage of the Ada
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70 -- task control block object pointed to by T persists for the lifetime
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71 -- of the new task.
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72 --
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73 -- Succeeded is set to true unless creation of the task failed,
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74 -- as it may if there are insufficient resources to create another task.
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75
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76 procedure Enter_Task (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id);
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77 pragma Inline (Enter_Task);
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78 -- Initialize data structures specific to the calling task. Self must be
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79 -- the ID of the calling task. It must be called (once) by the task
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80 -- immediately after creation, while abort is still deferred. The effects
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81 -- of other operations defined below are not defined unless the caller has
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82 -- previously called Initialize_Task.
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83
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84 procedure Exit_Task;
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85 pragma Inline (Exit_Task);
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86 -- Destroy the thread of control. Self must be the ID of the calling task.
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87 -- The effects of further calls to operations defined below on the task
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88 -- are undefined thereafter.
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89
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90 ----------------------------------
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91 -- ATCB allocation/deallocation --
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92 ----------------------------------
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93
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94 package ATCB_Allocation is
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95
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96 function New_ATCB (Entry_Num : ST.Task_Entry_Index) return ST.Task_Id;
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97 pragma Inline (New_ATCB);
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98 -- Allocate a new ATCB with the specified number of entries
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99
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100 procedure Free_ATCB (T : ST.Task_Id);
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101 pragma Inline (Free_ATCB);
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102 -- Deallocate an ATCB previously allocated by New_ATCB
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103
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104 end ATCB_Allocation;
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105
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106 function New_ATCB (Entry_Num : ST.Task_Entry_Index) return ST.Task_Id
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107 renames ATCB_Allocation.New_ATCB;
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108
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109 procedure Initialize_TCB (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id; Succeeded : out Boolean);
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110 pragma Inline (Initialize_TCB);
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111 -- Initialize all fields of the TCB
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112
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113 procedure Finalize_TCB (T : ST.Task_Id);
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114 pragma Inline (Finalize_TCB);
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115 -- Finalizes Private_Data of ATCB, and then deallocates it. This is also
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116 -- responsible for recovering any storage or other resources that were
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117 -- allocated by Create_Task (the one in this package). This should only be
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118 -- called from Free_Task. After it is called there should be no further
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119 -- reference to the ATCB that corresponds to T.
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120
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121 procedure Abort_Task (T : ST.Task_Id);
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122 pragma Inline (Abort_Task);
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123 -- Abort the task specified by T (the target task). This causes the target
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124 -- task to asynchronously raise Abort_Signal if abort is not deferred, or
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125 -- if it is blocked on an interruptible system call.
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126 --
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127 -- precondition:
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128 -- the calling task is holding T's lock and has abort deferred
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129 --
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130 -- postcondition:
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131 -- the calling task is holding T's lock and has abort deferred.
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132
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133 -- ??? modify GNARL to skip wakeup and always call Abort_Task
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134
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135 function Self return ST.Task_Id;
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136 pragma Inline (Self);
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137 -- Return a pointer to the Ada Task Control Block of the calling task
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138
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139 type Lock_Level is
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140 (PO_Level,
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141 Global_Task_Level,
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142 RTS_Lock_Level,
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143 ATCB_Level);
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144 -- Type used to describe kind of lock for second form of Initialize_Lock
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145 -- call specified below. See locking rules in System.Tasking (spec) for
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146 -- more details.
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147
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148 procedure Initialize_Lock
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149 (Prio : System.Any_Priority;
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150 L : not null access Lock);
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151 procedure Initialize_Lock
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152 (L : not null access RTS_Lock;
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153 Level : Lock_Level);
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154 pragma Inline (Initialize_Lock);
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155 -- Initialize a lock object
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156 --
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157 -- For Lock, Prio is the ceiling priority associated with the lock. For
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158 -- RTS_Lock, the ceiling is implicitly Priority'Last.
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159 --
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160 -- If the underlying system does not support priority ceiling
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161 -- locking, the Prio parameter is ignored.
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162 --
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163 -- The effect of either initialize operation is undefined unless is a lock
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164 -- object that has not been initialized, or which has been finalized since
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165 -- it was last initialized.
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166 --
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167 -- The effects of the other operations on lock objects are undefined
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168 -- unless the lock object has been initialized and has not since been
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169 -- finalized.
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170 --
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171 -- Initialization of the per-task lock is implicit in Create_Task
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172 --
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173 -- These operations raise Storage_Error if a lack of storage is detected
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174
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175 procedure Finalize_Lock (L : not null access Lock);
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176 procedure Finalize_Lock (L : not null access RTS_Lock);
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177 pragma Inline (Finalize_Lock);
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178 -- Finalize a lock object, freeing any resources allocated by the
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179 -- corresponding Initialize_Lock operation.
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180
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181 procedure Write_Lock
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182 (L : not null access Lock;
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183 Ceiling_Violation : out Boolean);
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184 procedure Write_Lock
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185 (L : not null access RTS_Lock;
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186 Global_Lock : Boolean := False);
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187 procedure Write_Lock
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188 (T : ST.Task_Id);
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189 pragma Inline (Write_Lock);
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190 -- Lock a lock object for write access. After this operation returns,
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191 -- the calling task holds write permission for the lock object. No other
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192 -- Write_Lock or Read_Lock operation on the same lock object will return
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193 -- until this task executes an Unlock operation on the same object. The
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194 -- effect is undefined if the calling task already holds read or write
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195 -- permission for the lock object L.
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196 --
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197 -- For the operation on Lock, Ceiling_Violation is set to true iff the
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198 -- operation failed, which will happen if there is a priority ceiling
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199 -- violation.
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200 --
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201 -- For the operation on RTS_Lock, Global_Lock should be set to True
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202 -- if L is a global lock (Single_RTS_Lock, Global_Task_Lock).
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203 --
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204 -- For the operation on ST.Task_Id, the lock is the special lock object
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205 -- associated with that task's ATCB. This lock has effective ceiling
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206 -- priority high enough that it is safe to call by a task with any
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207 -- priority in the range System.Priority. It is implicitly initialized
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208 -- by task creation. The effect is undefined if the calling task already
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209 -- holds T's lock, or has interrupt-level priority. Finalization of the
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210 -- per-task lock is implicit in Exit_Task.
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211
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212 procedure Read_Lock
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213 (L : not null access Lock;
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214 Ceiling_Violation : out Boolean);
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215 pragma Inline (Read_Lock);
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216 -- Lock a lock object for read access. After this operation returns,
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217 -- the calling task has non-exclusive read permission for the logical
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218 -- resources that are protected by the lock. No other Write_Lock operation
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219 -- on the same object will return until this task and any other tasks with
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220 -- read permission for this lock have executed Unlock operation(s) on the
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221 -- lock object. A Read_Lock for a lock object may return immediately while
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222 -- there are tasks holding read permission, provided there are no tasks
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223 -- holding write permission for the object. The effect is undefined if
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224 -- the calling task already holds read or write permission for L.
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225 --
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226 -- Alternatively: An implementation may treat Read_Lock identically to
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227 -- Write_Lock. This simplifies the implementation, but reduces the level
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228 -- of concurrency that can be achieved.
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229 --
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230 -- Note that Read_Lock is not defined for RT_Lock and ST.Task_Id.
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231 -- That is because (1) so far Read_Lock has always been implemented
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232 -- the same as Write_Lock, (2) most lock usage inside the RTS involves
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233 -- potential write access, and (3) implementations of priority ceiling
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234 -- locking that make a reader-writer distinction have higher overhead.
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235
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236 procedure Unlock
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237 (L : not null access Lock);
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238 procedure Unlock
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239 (L : not null access RTS_Lock;
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240 Global_Lock : Boolean := False);
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241 procedure Unlock
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242 (T : ST.Task_Id);
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243 pragma Inline (Unlock);
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244 -- Unlock a locked lock object
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245 --
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246 -- The effect is undefined unless the calling task holds read or write
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247 -- permission for the lock L, and L is the lock object most recently
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248 -- locked by the calling task for which the calling task still holds
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249 -- read or write permission. (That is, matching pairs of Lock and Unlock
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250 -- operations on each lock object must be properly nested.)
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251
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252 -- For the operation on RTS_Lock, Global_Lock should be set to True if L
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253 -- is a global lock (Single_RTS_Lock, Global_Task_Lock).
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254 --
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255 -- Note that Write_Lock for RTS_Lock does not have an out-parameter.
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256 -- RTS_Locks are used in situations where we have not made provision for
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257 -- recovery from ceiling violations. We do not expect them to occur inside
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258 -- the runtime system, because all RTS locks have ceiling Priority'Last.
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259
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260 -- There is one way there can be a ceiling violation. That is if the
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261 -- runtime system is called from a task that is executing in the
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262 -- Interrupt_Priority range.
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263
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264 -- It is not clear what to do about ceiling violations due to RTS calls
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265 -- done at interrupt priority. In general, it is not acceptable to give
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266 -- all RTS locks interrupt priority, since that would give terrible
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267 -- performance on systems where this has the effect of masking hardware
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268 -- interrupts, though we could get away allowing Interrupt_Priority'last
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269 -- where we are layered on an OS that does not allow us to mask interrupts.
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270 -- Ideally, we would like to raise Program_Error back at the original point
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271 -- of the RTS call, but this would require a lot of detailed analysis and
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272 -- recoding, with almost certain performance penalties.
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273
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274 -- For POSIX systems, we considered just skipping setting priority ceiling
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275 -- on RTS locks. This would mean there is no ceiling violation, but we
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276 -- would end up with priority inversions inside the runtime system,
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277 -- resulting in failure to satisfy the Ada priority rules, and possible
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278 -- missed validation tests. This could be compensated-for by explicit
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279 -- priority-change calls to raise the caller to Priority'Last whenever it
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280 -- first enters the runtime system, but the expected overhead seems high,
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281 -- though it might be lower than using locks with ceilings if the
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282 -- underlying implementation of ceiling locks is an inefficient one.
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283
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284 -- This issue should be reconsidered whenever we get around to checking
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285 -- for calls to potentially blocking operations from within protected
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286 -- operations. If we check for such calls and catch them on entry to the
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287 -- OS, it may be that we can eliminate the possibility of ceiling
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288 -- violations inside the RTS. For this to work, we would have to forbid
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289 -- explicitly setting the priority of a task to anything in the
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290 -- Interrupt_Priority range, at least. We would also have to check that
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291 -- there are no RTS-lock operations done inside any operations that are
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292 -- not treated as potentially blocking.
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293
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294 -- The latter approach seems to be the best, i.e. to check on entry to RTS
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295 -- calls that may need to use locks that the priority is not in the
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296 -- interrupt range. If there are RTS operations that NEED to be called
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297 -- from interrupt handlers, those few RTS locks should then be converted
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298 -- to PO-type locks, with ceiling Interrupt_Priority'Last.
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299
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300 -- For now, we will just shut down the system if there is ceiling violation
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301
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302 procedure Set_Ceiling
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303 (L : not null access Lock;
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304 Prio : System.Any_Priority);
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305 pragma Inline (Set_Ceiling);
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306 -- Change the ceiling priority associated to the lock
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307 --
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308 -- The effect is undefined unless the calling task holds read or write
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309 -- permission for the lock L, and L is the lock object most recently
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310 -- locked by the calling task for which the calling task still holds
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311 -- read or write permission. (That is, matching pairs of Lock and Unlock
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312 -- operations on each lock object must be properly nested.)
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313
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314 procedure Yield (Do_Yield : Boolean := True);
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315 pragma Inline (Yield);
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316 -- Yield the processor. Add the calling task to the tail of the ready queue
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317 -- for its active_priority. On most platforms, Yield is a no-op if Do_Yield
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318 -- is False. But on some platforms (notably VxWorks), Do_Yield is ignored.
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319 -- This is only used in some very rare cases where a Yield should have an
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320 -- effect on a specific target and not on regular ones.
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321
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322 procedure Set_Priority
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323 (T : ST.Task_Id;
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324 Prio : System.Any_Priority;
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325 Loss_Of_Inheritance : Boolean := False);
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326 pragma Inline (Set_Priority);
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327 -- Set the priority of the task specified by T to Prio. The priority set
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328 -- is what would correspond to the Ada concept of "base priority" in the
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329 -- terms of the lower layer system, but the operation may be used by the
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330 -- upper layer to implement changes in "active priority" that are not due
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331 -- to lock effects. The effect should be consistent with the Ada Reference
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332 -- Manual. In particular, when a task lowers its priority due to the loss
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333 -- of inherited priority, it goes at the head of the queue for its new
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334 -- priority (RM D.2.2 par 9). Loss_Of_Inheritance helps the underlying
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335 -- implementation to do it right when the OS doesn't.
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336
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337 function Get_Priority (T : ST.Task_Id) return System.Any_Priority;
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338 pragma Inline (Get_Priority);
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339 -- Returns the priority last set by Set_Priority for this task
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340
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341 function Monotonic_Clock return Duration;
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342 pragma Inline (Monotonic_Clock);
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131
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343 -- Returns "absolute" time, represented as an offset relative to an
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344 -- unspecified Epoch. This clock implementation is immune to the
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345 -- system's clock changes.
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111
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346
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347 function RT_Resolution return Duration;
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348 pragma Inline (RT_Resolution);
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349 -- Returns resolution of the underlying clock used to implement RT_Clock
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350
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351 ----------------
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352 -- Extensions --
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353 ----------------
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354
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355 -- Whoever calls either of the Sleep routines is responsible for checking
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356 -- for pending aborts before the call. Pending priority changes are handled
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357 -- internally.
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358
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359 procedure Sleep
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360 (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id;
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361 Reason : System.Tasking.Task_States);
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362 pragma Inline (Sleep);
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363 -- Wait until the current task, T, is signaled to wake up
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364 --
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365 -- precondition:
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366 -- The calling task is holding its own ATCB lock
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367 -- and has abort deferred
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368 --
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369 -- postcondition:
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370 -- The calling task is holding its own ATCB lock and has abort deferred.
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371
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372 -- The effect is to atomically unlock T's lock and wait, so that another
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373 -- task that is able to lock T's lock can be assured that the wait has
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374 -- actually commenced, and that a Wakeup operation will cause the waiting
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375 -- task to become ready for execution once again. When Sleep returns, the
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376 -- waiting task will again hold its own ATCB lock. The waiting task may
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377 -- become ready for execution at any time (that is, spurious wakeups are
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378 -- permitted), but it will definitely become ready for execution when a
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379 -- Wakeup operation is performed for the same task.
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380
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381 procedure Timed_Sleep
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382 (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id;
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383 Time : Duration;
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384 Mode : ST.Delay_Modes;
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385 Reason : System.Tasking.Task_States;
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386 Timedout : out Boolean;
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387 Yielded : out Boolean);
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388 -- Combination of Sleep (above) and Timed_Delay
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389
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390 procedure Timed_Delay
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391 (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id;
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392 Time : Duration;
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393 Mode : ST.Delay_Modes);
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394 -- Implement the semantics of the delay statement.
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395 -- The caller should be abort-deferred and should not hold any locks.
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396
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397 procedure Wakeup
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398 (T : ST.Task_Id;
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399 Reason : System.Tasking.Task_States);
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400 pragma Inline (Wakeup);
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401 -- Wake up task T if it is waiting on a Sleep call (of ordinary
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402 -- or timed variety), making it ready for execution once again.
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403 -- If the task T is not waiting on a Sleep, the operation has no effect.
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404
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405 function Environment_Task return ST.Task_Id;
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406 pragma Inline (Environment_Task);
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407 -- Return the task ID of the environment task
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408 -- Consider putting this into a variable visible directly
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409 -- by the rest of the runtime system. ???
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410
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411 function Get_Thread_Id (T : ST.Task_Id) return OSI.Thread_Id;
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412 -- Return the thread id of the specified task
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413
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414 function Is_Valid_Task return Boolean;
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415 pragma Inline (Is_Valid_Task);
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416 -- Does the calling thread have an ATCB?
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417
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418 function Register_Foreign_Thread return ST.Task_Id;
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419 -- Allocate and initialize a new ATCB for the current thread
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420
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421 -----------------------
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422 -- RTS Entrance/Exit --
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423 -----------------------
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424
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425 -- Following two routines are used for possible operations needed to be
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426 -- setup/cleared upon entrance/exit of RTS while maintaining a single
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427 -- thread of control in the RTS. Since we intend these routines to be used
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428 -- for implementing the Single_Lock RTS, Lock_RTS should follow the first
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429 -- Defer_Abort operation entering RTS. In the same fashion Unlock_RTS
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430 -- should precede the last Undefer_Abort exiting RTS.
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431 --
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432 -- These routines also replace the functions Lock/Unlock_All_Tasks_List
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433
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434 procedure Lock_RTS;
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435 -- Take the global RTS lock
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436
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437 procedure Unlock_RTS;
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438 -- Release the global RTS lock
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439
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440 --------------------
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441 -- Stack Checking --
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442 --------------------
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443
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444 -- Stack checking in GNAT is done using the concept of stack probes. A
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445 -- stack probe is an operation that will generate a storage error if
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446 -- an insufficient amount of stack space remains in the current task.
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447
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448 -- The exact mechanism for a stack probe is target dependent. Typical
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449 -- possibilities are to use a load from a non-existent page, a store to a
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450 -- read-only page, or a comparison with some stack limit constant. Where
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451 -- possible we prefer to use a trap on a bad page access, since this has
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452 -- less overhead. The generation of stack probes is either automatic if
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453 -- the ABI requires it (as on for example DEC Unix), or is controlled by
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454 -- the gcc parameter -fstack-check.
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455
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456 -- When we are using bad-page accesses, we need a bad page, called guard
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457 -- page, at the end of each task stack. On some systems, this is provided
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458 -- automatically, but on other systems, we need to create the guard page
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459 -- ourselves, and the procedure Stack_Guard is provided for this purpose.
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460
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461 procedure Stack_Guard (T : ST.Task_Id; On : Boolean);
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462 -- Ensure guard page is set if one is needed and the underlying thread
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463 -- system does not provide it. The procedure is as follows:
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464 --
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465 -- 1. When we create a task adjust its size so a guard page can
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466 -- safely be set at the bottom of the stack.
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467 --
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468 -- 2. When the thread is created (and its stack allocated by the
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469 -- underlying thread system), get the stack base (and size, depending
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470 -- how the stack is growing), and create the guard page taking care
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471 -- of page boundaries issues.
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472 --
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473 -- 3. When the task is destroyed, remove the guard page.
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474 --
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475 -- If On is true then protect the stack bottom (i.e make it read only)
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476 -- else unprotect it (i.e. On is True for the call when creating a task,
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477 -- and False when a task is destroyed).
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478 --
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479 -- The call to Stack_Guard has no effect if guard pages are not used on
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480 -- the target, or if guard pages are automatically provided by the system.
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481
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482 ------------------------
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483 -- Suspension objects --
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484 ------------------------
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485
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486 -- These subprograms provide the functionality required for synchronizing
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487 -- on a suspension object. Tasks can suspend execution and relinquish the
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488 -- processors until the condition is signaled.
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489
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490 function Current_State (S : Suspension_Object) return Boolean;
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491 -- Return the state of the suspension object
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492
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493 procedure Set_False (S : in out Suspension_Object);
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494 -- Set the state of the suspension object to False
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|
495
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496 procedure Set_True (S : in out Suspension_Object);
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497 -- Set the state of the suspension object to True. If a task were
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498 -- suspended on the protected object then this task is released (and
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499 -- the state of the suspension object remains set to False).
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500
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501 procedure Suspend_Until_True (S : in out Suspension_Object);
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502 -- If the state of the suspension object is True then the calling task
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503 -- continues its execution, and the state is set to False. If the state
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504 -- of the object is False then the task is suspended on the suspension
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505 -- object until a Set_True operation is executed. Program_Error is raised
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506 -- if another task is already waiting on that suspension object.
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507
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508 procedure Initialize (S : in out Suspension_Object);
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509 -- Initialize the suspension object
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510
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511 procedure Finalize (S : in out Suspension_Object);
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512 -- Finalize the suspension object
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|
513
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514 -----------------------------------------
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515 -- Runtime System Debugging Interfaces --
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516 -----------------------------------------
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517
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|
518 -- These interfaces have been added to assist in debugging the
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519 -- tasking runtime system.
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520
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521 function Check_Exit (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
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|
522 pragma Inline (Check_Exit);
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523 -- Check that the current task is holding only Global_Task_Lock
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524
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|
525 function Check_No_Locks (Self_ID : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
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526 pragma Inline (Check_No_Locks);
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527 -- Check that current task is holding no locks
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528
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529 function Suspend_Task
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|
530 (T : ST.Task_Id;
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|
531 Thread_Self : OSI.Thread_Id) return Boolean;
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|
532 -- Suspend a specific task when the underlying thread library provides this
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|
533 -- functionality, unless the thread associated with T is Thread_Self. Such
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|
534 -- functionality is needed by gdb on some targets (e.g VxWorks) Return True
|
|
535 -- is the operation is successful. On targets where this operation is not
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|
536 -- available, a dummy body is present which always returns False.
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|
537
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|
538 function Resume_Task
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|
539 (T : ST.Task_Id;
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|
540 Thread_Self : OSI.Thread_Id) return Boolean;
|
|
541 -- Resume a specific task when the underlying thread library provides
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|
542 -- such functionality, unless the thread associated with T is Thread_Self.
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|
543 -- Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets (e.g VxWorks)
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|
544 -- Return True is the operation is successful
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|
545
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|
546 procedure Stop_All_Tasks;
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|
547 -- Stop all tasks when the underlying thread library provides such
|
|
548 -- functionality. Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets (e.g
|
|
549 -- VxWorks) This function can be run from an interrupt handler. Return True
|
|
550 -- is the operation is successful
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|
551
|
|
552 function Stop_Task (T : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
|
|
553 -- Stop a specific task when the underlying thread library provides
|
|
554 -- such functionality. Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets
|
|
555 -- (e.g VxWorks). Return True is the operation is successful.
|
|
556
|
|
557 function Continue_Task (T : ST.Task_Id) return Boolean;
|
|
558 -- Continue a specific task when the underlying thread library provides
|
|
559 -- such functionality. Such functionality is needed by gdb on some targets
|
|
560 -- (e.g VxWorks) Return True is the operation is successful
|
|
561
|
|
562 -------------------
|
|
563 -- Task affinity --
|
|
564 -------------------
|
|
565
|
|
566 procedure Set_Task_Affinity (T : ST.Task_Id);
|
|
567 -- Enforce at the operating system level the task affinity defined in the
|
|
568 -- Ada Task Control Block. Has no effect if the underlying operating system
|
|
569 -- does not support this capability.
|
|
570
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|
571 end System.Task_Primitives.Operations;
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