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1 ;; ARM 1136J[F]-S Pipeline Description
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2 ;; Copyright (C) 2003-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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3 ;; Written by CodeSourcery, LLC.
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4 ;;
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5 ;; This file is part of GCC.
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6 ;;
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7 ;; GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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8 ;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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9 ;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
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10 ;; any later version.
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11 ;;
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12 ;; GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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13 ;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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14 ;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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15 ;; General Public License for more details.
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16 ;;
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17 ;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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18 ;; along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see
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19 ;; <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
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20
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21 ;; These descriptions are based on the information contained in the
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22 ;; ARM1136JF-S Technical Reference Manual, Copyright (c) 2003 ARM
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23 ;; Limited.
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24 ;;
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25
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26 ;; This automaton provides a pipeline description for the ARM
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27 ;; 1136J-S and 1136JF-S cores.
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28 ;;
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29 ;; The model given here assumes that the condition for all conditional
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30 ;; instructions is "true", i.e., that all of the instructions are
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31 ;; actually executed.
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32
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33 (define_automaton "arm1136jfs")
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34
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35 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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36 ;; Pipelines
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37 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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38
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39 ;; There are three distinct pipelines (page 1-26 and following):
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40 ;;
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41 ;; - A 4-stage decode pipeline, shared by all three. It has fetch (1),
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42 ;; fetch (2), decode, and issue stages. Since this is always involved,
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43 ;; we do not model it in the scheduler.
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44 ;;
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45 ;; - A 4-stage ALU pipeline. It has shifter, ALU (main integer operations),
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46 ;; and saturation stages. The fourth stage is writeback; see below.
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47 ;;
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48 ;; - A 4-stage multiply-accumulate pipeline. It has three stages, called
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49 ;; MAC1 through MAC3, and a fourth writeback stage.
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50 ;;
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51 ;; The 4th-stage writeback is shared between the ALU and MAC pipelines,
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52 ;; which operate in lockstep. Results from either pipeline will be
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53 ;; moved into the writeback stage. Because the two pipelines operate
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54 ;; in lockstep, we schedule them as a single "execute" pipeline.
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55 ;;
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56 ;; - A 4-stage LSU pipeline. It has address generation, data cache (1),
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57 ;; data cache (2), and writeback stages. (Note that this pipeline,
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58 ;; including the writeback stage, is independent from the ALU & LSU pipes.)
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59
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60 (define_cpu_unit "e_1,e_2,e_3,e_wb" "arm1136jfs") ; ALU and MAC
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61 ; e_1 = Sh/Mac1, e_2 = ALU/Mac2, e_3 = SAT/Mac3
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62 (define_cpu_unit "l_a,l_dc1,l_dc2,l_wb" "arm1136jfs") ; Load/Store
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63
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64 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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65 ;; ALU Instructions
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66 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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67
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68 ;; ALU instructions require eight cycles to execute, and use the ALU
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69 ;; pipeline in each of the eight stages. The results are available
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70 ;; after the alu stage has finished.
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71 ;;
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72 ;; If the destination register is the PC, the pipelines are stalled
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73 ;; for several cycles. That case is not modelled here.
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74
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75 ;; ALU operations with no shifted operand
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76 (define_insn_reservation "11_alu_op" 2
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77 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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78 (eq_attr "type" "alu_imm,alus_imm,logic_imm,logics_imm,\
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79 alu_sreg,alus_sreg,logic_reg,logics_reg,\
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80 adc_imm,adcs_imm,adc_reg,adcs_reg,\
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81 adr,bfm,rev,\
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82 shift_imm,shift_reg,\
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83 mov_imm,mov_reg,mvn_imm,mvn_reg,\
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84 multiple"))
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85 "e_1,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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86
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87 ;; ALU operations with a shift-by-constant operand
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88 (define_insn_reservation "11_alu_shift_op" 2
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89 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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90 (eq_attr "type" "alu_shift_imm,alus_shift_imm,\
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91 logic_shift_imm,logics_shift_imm,\
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92 extend,mov_shift,mvn_shift"))
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93 "e_1,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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94
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95 ;; ALU operations with a shift-by-register operand
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96 ;; These really stall in the decoder, in order to read
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97 ;; the shift value in a second cycle. Pretend we take two cycles in
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98 ;; the shift stage.
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99 (define_insn_reservation "11_alu_shift_reg_op" 3
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100 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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101 (eq_attr "type" "alu_shift_reg,alus_shift_reg,\
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102 logic_shift_reg,logics_shift_reg,\
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103 mov_shift_reg,mvn_shift_reg"))
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104 "e_1*2,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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105
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106 ;; alu_ops can start sooner, if there is no shifter dependency
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107 (define_bypass 1 "11_alu_op,11_alu_shift_op"
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108 "11_alu_op")
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109 (define_bypass 1 "11_alu_op,11_alu_shift_op"
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110 "11_alu_shift_op"
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111 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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112 (define_bypass 1 "11_alu_op,11_alu_shift_op"
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113 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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114 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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115 (define_bypass 2 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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116 "11_alu_op")
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117 (define_bypass 2 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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118 "11_alu_shift_op"
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119 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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120 (define_bypass 2 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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121 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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122 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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123
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124 (define_bypass 1 "11_alu_op,11_alu_shift_op"
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125 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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126 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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127 (define_bypass 2 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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128 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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129 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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130
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131 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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132 ;; Multiplication Instructions
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133 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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134
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135 ;; Multiplication instructions loop in the first two execute stages until
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136 ;; the instruction has been passed through the multiplier array enough
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137 ;; times.
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138
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139 ;; Multiply and multiply-accumulate results are available after four stages.
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140 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult1" 4
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141 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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142 (eq_attr "type" "mul,mla"))
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143 "e_1*2,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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144
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145 ;; The *S variants set the condition flags, which requires three more cycles.
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146 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult2" 4
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147 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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148 (eq_attr "type" "muls,mlas"))
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149 "e_1*2,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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150
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151 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult1,11_mult2"
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152 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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153 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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154 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult1,11_mult2"
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155 "11_alu_op")
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156 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult1,11_mult2"
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157 "11_alu_shift_op"
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158 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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159 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult1,11_mult2"
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160 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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161 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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162 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult1,11_mult2"
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163 "11_store1"
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164 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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165
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166 ;; Signed and unsigned multiply long results are available across two cycles;
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167 ;; the less significant word is available one cycle before the more significant
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168 ;; word. Here we conservatively wait until both are available, which is
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169 ;; after three iterations and the memory cycle. The same is also true of
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170 ;; the two multiply-accumulate instructions.
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171 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult3" 5
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172 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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173 (eq_attr "type" "smull,umull,smlal,umlal"))
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174 "e_1*3,e_2,e_3,e_wb*2")
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175
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176 ;; The *S variants set the condition flags, which requires three more cycles.
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177 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult4" 5
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178 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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179 (eq_attr "type" "smulls,umulls,smlals,umlals"))
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180 "e_1*3,e_2,e_3,e_wb*2")
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181
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182 (define_bypass 4 "11_mult3,11_mult4"
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183 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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184 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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185 (define_bypass 4 "11_mult3,11_mult4"
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186 "11_alu_op")
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187 (define_bypass 4 "11_mult3,11_mult4"
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188 "11_alu_shift_op"
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189 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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190 (define_bypass 4 "11_mult3,11_mult4"
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191 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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192 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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193 (define_bypass 4 "11_mult3,11_mult4"
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194 "11_store1"
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195 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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196
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197 ;; Various 16x16->32 multiplies and multiply-accumulates, using combinations
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198 ;; of high and low halves of the argument registers. They take a single
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199 ;; pass through the pipeline and make the result available after three
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200 ;; cycles.
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201 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult5" 3
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202 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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203 (eq_attr "type" "smulxy,smlaxy,smulwy,smlawy,smuad,smuadx,smlad,smladx,\
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204 smusd,smusdx,smlsd,smlsdx"))
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205 "e_1,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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206
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207 (define_bypass 2 "11_mult5"
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208 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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209 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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210 (define_bypass 2 "11_mult5"
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211 "11_alu_op")
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212 (define_bypass 2 "11_mult5"
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213 "11_alu_shift_op"
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214 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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215 (define_bypass 2 "11_mult5"
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216 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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217 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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218 (define_bypass 2 "11_mult5"
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219 "11_store1"
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220 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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221
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222 ;; The same idea, then the 32-bit result is added to a 64-bit quantity.
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223 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult6" 4
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224 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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225 (eq_attr "type" "smlalxy"))
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226 "e_1*2,e_2,e_3,e_wb*2")
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227
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228 ;; Signed 32x32 multiply, then the most significant 32 bits are extracted
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229 ;; and are available after the memory stage.
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230 (define_insn_reservation "11_mult7" 4
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231 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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232 (eq_attr "type" "smmul,smmulr"))
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233 "e_1*2,e_2,e_3,e_wb")
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234
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235 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult6,11_mult7"
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236 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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237 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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238 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult6,11_mult7"
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239 "11_alu_op")
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240 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult6,11_mult7"
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241 "11_alu_shift_op"
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242 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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243 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult6,11_mult7"
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244 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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245 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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246 (define_bypass 3 "11_mult6,11_mult7"
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247 "11_store1"
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248 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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249
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250 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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251 ;; Branch Instructions
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252 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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253
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254 ;; These vary greatly depending on their arguments and the results of
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255 ;; stat prediction. Cycle count ranges from zero (unconditional branch,
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256 ;; folded dynamic prediction) to seven (incorrect predictions, etc). We
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257 ;; assume an optimal case for now, because the cost of a cache miss
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258 ;; overwhelms the cost of everything else anyhow.
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259
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260 (define_insn_reservation "11_branches" 0
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261 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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262 (eq_attr "type" "branch"))
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263 "nothing")
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264
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265 ;; Call latencies are not predictable. A semi-arbitrary very large
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266 ;; number is used as "positive infinity" so that everything should be
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267 ;; finished by the time of return.
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268 (define_insn_reservation "11_call" 32
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269 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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270 (eq_attr "type" "call"))
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271 "nothing")
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272
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273 ;; Branches are predicted. A correctly predicted branch will be no
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274 ;; cost, but we're conservative here, and use the timings a
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275 ;; late-register would give us.
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276 (define_bypass 1 "11_alu_op,11_alu_shift_op"
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277 "11_branches")
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278 (define_bypass 2 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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279 "11_branches")
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280 (define_bypass 2 "11_load1,11_load2"
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281 "11_branches")
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282 (define_bypass 3 "11_load34"
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283 "11_branches")
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284
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285 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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286 ;; Load/Store Instructions
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287 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
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288
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289 ;; The models for load/store instructions do not accurately describe
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290 ;; the difference between operations with a base register writeback.
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291 ;; These models assume that all memory references hit in dcache. Also,
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292 ;; if the PC is one of the registers involved, there are additional stalls
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293 ;; not modelled here. Addressing modes are also not modelled.
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294
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295 (define_insn_reservation "11_load1" 3
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296 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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297 (eq_attr "type" "load_4"))
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298 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1,l_dc2,l_wb")
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299
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300 ;; Load byte results are not available until the writeback stage, where
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301 ;; the correct byte is extracted.
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302
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303 (define_insn_reservation "11_loadb" 4
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304 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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305 (eq_attr "type" "load_byte"))
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306 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1,l_dc2,l_wb")
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307
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308 (define_insn_reservation "11_store1" 0
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309 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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111
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310 (eq_attr "type" "store_4"))
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311 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1,l_dc2,l_wb")
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312
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313 ;; Load/store double words into adjacent registers. The timing and
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314 ;; latencies are different depending on whether the address is 64-bit
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315 ;; aligned. This model assumes that it is.
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316 (define_insn_reservation "11_load2" 3
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317 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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111
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318 (eq_attr "type" "load_8"))
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319 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1,l_dc2,l_wb")
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320
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321 (define_insn_reservation "11_store2" 0
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322 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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323 (eq_attr "type" "store_8"))
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324 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1,l_dc2,l_wb")
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325
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326 ;; Load/store multiple registers. Two registers are stored per cycle.
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327 ;; Actual timing depends on how many registers are affected, so we
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328 ;; optimistically schedule a low latency.
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329 (define_insn_reservation "11_load34" 4
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330 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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111
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331 (eq_attr "type" "load_12,load_16"))
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332 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1*2,l_dc2,l_wb")
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333
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334 (define_insn_reservation "11_store34" 0
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335 (and (eq_attr "tune" "arm1136js,arm1136jfs")
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336 (eq_attr "type" "store_12,store_16"))
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337 "l_a+e_1,l_dc1*2,l_dc2,l_wb")
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338
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339 ;; A store can start immediately after an alu op, if that alu op does
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340 ;; not provide part of the address to access.
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341 (define_bypass 1 "11_alu_op,11_alu_shift_op"
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342 "11_store1"
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343 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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344 (define_bypass 2 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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345 "11_store1"
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346 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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347
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348 ;; An alu op can start sooner after a load, if that alu op does not
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349 ;; have an early register dependency on the load
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350 (define_bypass 2 "11_load1"
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351 "11_alu_op")
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352 (define_bypass 2 "11_load1"
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353 "11_alu_shift_op"
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354 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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355 (define_bypass 2 "11_load1"
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356 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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357 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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358
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359 (define_bypass 3 "11_loadb"
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360 "11_alu_op")
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361 (define_bypass 3 "11_loadb"
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362 "11_alu_shift_op"
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363 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_value_dep")
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364 (define_bypass 3 "11_loadb"
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365 "11_alu_shift_reg_op"
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366 "arm_no_early_alu_shift_dep")
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367
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368 ;; A mul op can start sooner after a load, if that mul op does not
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369 ;; have an early multiply dependency
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370 (define_bypass 2 "11_load1"
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371 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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372 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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373 (define_bypass 3 "11_load34"
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374 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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375 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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376 (define_bypass 3 "11_loadb"
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377 "11_mult1,11_mult2,11_mult3,11_mult4,11_mult5,11_mult6,11_mult7"
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378 "arm_no_early_mul_dep")
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379
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380 ;; A store can start sooner after a load, if that load does not
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381 ;; produce part of the address to access
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382 (define_bypass 2 "11_load1"
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383 "11_store1"
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384 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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385 (define_bypass 3 "11_loadb"
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386 "11_store1"
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387 "arm_no_early_store_addr_dep")
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