Mercurial > hg > Papers > 2014 > masakoha-sigos

annotate slide/April_25th.html @ 28:32c82211d53e

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add slide
author Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
date Mon, 05 May 2014 23:09:26 +0900
parents
children
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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
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2 <html>
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3 <head>
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4 <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
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5 <title>slide</title>
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6
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7 <!--
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8 Notes on CSS media types used:
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9
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10 1) projection -> slideshow mode (display one slide at-a-time; hide all others)
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11 2) screen -> outline mode (display all slides-at-once on screen)
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12 3) print -> print (and print preview)
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13
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14 Note: toggle between projection/screen (that is, slideshow/outline) mode using t-key
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15
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16 Questions, comments?
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17 - send them along to the mailinglist/forum online @ http://groups.google.com/group/webslideshow
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18 -->
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19
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20 <!-- styles -->
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21 <style media="screen,projection">
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22
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23 html,
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24 body,
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25 .presentation { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
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26
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27 .slide { display: none;
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28 position: absolute;
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29 top: 0; left: 0;
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30 margin: 0;
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31 border: none;
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32 padding: 2% 4% 0% 4%; /* css note: order is => top right bottom left */
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33 -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
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34 -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
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35 box-sizing: border-box;
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36 width: 100%; height: 100%; /* css note: lets use border-box; no need to add padding+border to get to 100% */
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37 overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: auto;
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38 z-index: 2;
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39 }
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40
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41 .slide.current { display: block; } /* only display current slide in projection mode */
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42
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43 .slide .stepcurrent { color: black; }
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44 .slide .step { color: silver; } /* or hide next steps e.g. .step { visibility: hidden; } */
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45
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46 .slide {
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47 /*
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48 background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, blue, aqua, blue, aqua);
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49 background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top, blue, aqua, blue, aqua);
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50 */
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51 }
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52 </style>
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53
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54 <style media="screen">
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55 .slide { border-top: 1px solid #888; }
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56 .slide:first-child { border: none; }
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57 </style>
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58
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59 <style media="print">
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60 .slide { page-break-inside: avoid; }
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61 .slide h1 { page-break-after: avoid; }
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62 .slide ul { page-break-inside: avoid; }
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63 </style>
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64
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65
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66 <!-- add js lib (jquery) -->
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67 <script src="js/jquery-1.7.min.js"></script>
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68
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69 <!-- S6 JS -->
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70 <script src="js/jquery.slideshow.js"></script>
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71 <script src="js/jquery.slideshow.counter.js"></script>
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72 <script src="js/jquery.slideshow.controls.js"></script>
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73 <script>
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74 $(document).ready( function() {
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75 Slideshow.init();
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76
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77 // Example 2: Start Off in Outline Mode
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78 // Slideshow.init( { mode: 'outline' } );
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79
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80 // Example 3: Use Custom Transition
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81 // Slideshow.transition = transitionScrollUp;
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82 // Slideshow.init();
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83
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84 // Example 4: Start Off in Autoplay Mode with Custom Transition
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85 // Slideshow.transition = transitionScrollUp;
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86 // Slideshow.init( { mode: 'autoplay' } );
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87 } );
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88 </script>
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89
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90 </head>
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91 <body>
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92
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93
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94 <div class="presentation">
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95
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96 <div class='slide cover'>
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97 <table width="90%" height="90%" border="0" align="center">
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98 <tr>
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99 <td><div align="center">
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100 <h1>Cerium による並列処理向け I/O の設計と実装</h1>
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101 </div>
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102 </td>
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103 </tr>
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104 <tr>
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105 <td><div align="right">
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106 <name>琉球大学大学院 古波倉 正隆,河野 真治</name>
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107 </div></td>
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108 </tr>
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109 </tr>
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110 </table>
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111 </div>
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112
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113
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114
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115 <div id="cover">
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116
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117 <h3>I/Oを含むアプリケーションの並列化</h3>
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118 I/O を含む Task は ディスクかの読み込む時間がかかる。<br>
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119 -> <font color = red>I/O をどうにか速くできないか?</font>
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120 <p>
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121 Cerium : <br>
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122 CellおよびLinux、 Mac OS X 上で動く並列プログラミングフレームワーク
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123 </p>
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124 <img src='images/resources.png' style="height:170px" align="middle">
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125 <ul>
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126 <li><font color=red>ファイル読み込みとアプリケーションの分離</font> </li>
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127 <li><font color=red>I/O専用の Threadを追加</font></li>
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128 </ul>
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129 mmap 実装と比較して1.5倍の速度を得た
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130
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131 </div>
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132
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133 <div id="cover">
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134
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135 <h3>Cerium Task Manager の構造</h3>
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136 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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137 <tbody>
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138 <tr>
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139 <td><img src='images/ceriumtaskmanager.png' style="height:280px"></td>
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140 <td>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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141 <ol>
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142 <li>Taskを生成</li>
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143 <li>依存関係のチェック</li>
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144 <li>Schedulerに転送</li>
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145 <li>並列実行</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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146 </ol>
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147 </td>
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148 </tr>
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149 </tbody>
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150 </table>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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151 <p>
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152 ファイルを読みながら、Word Count や grep などを<br>
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153 並列実行したい
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154 </p>
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155 <p>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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156 計算よりも読み込みを優先しなければならない。読み込みで待ちが入ってしまうので、IO Thread を追加
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157 </p>
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158
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159 </div>
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160 <!-- add slides here; example -->
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161
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162 <div class='cover'>
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163 <h3>Block 単位の読み込みと並列計算</h3>
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164 <br>
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165 <img src='images/includeIOTask.png' style="height:270px" align="middle">
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166 <ol>
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167 <li>ファイルをある一定の大きさで読み込む</li>
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168 <li>読み込んだテキストファイルに対して、それぞれ計算を行う</li>
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169 <li>計算した結果を集計する</li>
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170 </ol>
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171 </div>
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172
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173
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174 <div class='cover'>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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175 <h3>mmap の特徴</h3>
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176 従来では mmap を使って読み込んでいた
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177 <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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178 <tbody>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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179 <tr>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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180 <td><img src='images/mmap.png' style="height:350px" align="middle"></td>
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181 <td>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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182 <ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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183 <font size = 5>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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184 <li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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185 mmap は、ファイルを直接メモリ空間に map する。<br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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186 アクセスされたメモリ部分を OS が自動的に読み込む。<br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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187 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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188 <li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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189 code がシンプルだが、読み込み終わるまで待たされる。 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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190 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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191 </font>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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192 </ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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193 </td>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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194 </tr>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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195 </tbody>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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196 </table>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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197 </div>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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198
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199
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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200 <div class='cover'>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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201 <h3>読み込みながら計算を行う</h3>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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202 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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203 <img src='images/divide_read.png' style="height:250px" align="middle" >
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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204 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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205
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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206 <ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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207 <li> Read は 連続で動作しファイルを読み込む </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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208 <li> Read の待ちは CPU を消費しない </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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209 <li> 読み込み終わったブロックに対して、<br>並列 Task を起動する </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
210 </ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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211 </div>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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212
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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213
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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214 <div class='cover'>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
215 <h3>Blocked Read の実装</h3>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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216 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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217 <img src='images/blockread.png' style="height:250px"align="middle">
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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diff changeset
218 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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219
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
220 <ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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221 <li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
222 Task を一度に生成するとメモリを圧迫する。<br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
223 Block 単位で徐々に起動していく。
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
224 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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225 <li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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226 Blocked Read Task が読み込み終わるまで、<br>Task Blockを待たせる
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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227 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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228 <li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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229 待ち合わせには Cerium の wait for を使用する。
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
230 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
231 </ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
232 </div>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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233
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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234 <div class='cover'>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
235 <h3>I/O 専用 thread での Blocked Read の実装</h3>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
236 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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237 <img src='images/IO_0blockread.png' style="height:350px">
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
238 <ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
239 <li>priority が最優先されるので、Blocked Read Task に割り込みが行われなくなる<br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
240 <li>pthread_setschedparam にて実装<br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
241 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
242 </ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
243 </div>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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244
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
245 <div class="cover">
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
246 <h3>I/O 専用の thread を使用しない場合</h3>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
247 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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248 <img src='images/SPE_ANYblockread.png' style="height:350px">
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
249 <ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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250 <li>Blocked Read は連続で行われなければならない。<br>しかし、Task が割り振られてしまう可能性がある。 </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
251 </ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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252 </div>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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253
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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254 <div class='cover'>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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255 <h3>実験環境</h3>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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256 <br>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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257 <ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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258 <li> Mac OS X 10.9.1</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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259 <li> 2*2.66 GHz 6-Core Intel Xeon</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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260 <li> Memory 16GB 1333MHz DDR3</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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261 <li> HHD 1TB</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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262 <li> file size : 約 10 GB</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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263 <li> ファイルに対して Boyer-Moore String Seaech で文字列検索をかける </li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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264 <li> ファイルの読み込みから結果までを測定</li>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
265 </ul>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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266 </div>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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267
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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268
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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269 <div class='cover'>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
diff changeset
270 <table border="2" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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parents:
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271 <tbody>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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272 <tr>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
parents:
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273 <td>read mode</td>
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Masataka Kohagura <e085726@ie.u-ryukyu.ac.jp>
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274 <td>CPU num</td>
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275 <td>ave time(s)</td>
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276 </tr>
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277 <tr>
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278 <td>mmap</td>
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279 <td>2</td>
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280 <td>106.2</td>
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281 </tr>
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282 <tr>
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283 <td bgcolor="#ffffcc">mmap</td>
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284 <td bgcolor="#ffffcc">12</td>
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285 <td bgcolor="#ffffcc">154.6</td>
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286 </tr>
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287 <tr>
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288 <td>一括Read</td>
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289 <td>12</td>
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290 <td>114.9</td>
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291 </tr>
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292 <tr>
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293 <td>Blocked Read(SPE_ANY)</td>
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294 <td>12</td>
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295 <td>106.0</td>
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296 </tr>
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297 <tr>
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298 <td bgcolor="#ffffcc">Blocked Read(IO_0)</td>
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299 <td bgcolor="#ffffcc">(IO) 1 + (Task) 11</td>
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300 <td bgcolor="#ffffcc">99.2</td>
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301 </tr>
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302 </tbody>
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303 </table>
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304
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305 <ul>
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306 <li> Blocked Read & IO_0 が mmap より<font color=red>1.55倍</font>速度が向上<br> </li>
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307 <li> Blocked Read を IO 専用 thread で実装すると、<font color=red>6%</font>改善<br> </li>
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308 <!--
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309 <li> mmap では 1つ1つの Task がファイルの読み込みを行ってしまうため、読み込み回数が多くなり実行速度が遅くなったと考えられる。 </li>
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310
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311 -->
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312 <li> mmap で並列の Task で走らせると 1つ1つの Task がファイルを読み込み、ランダムアクセスとなって<br>しまうため速度が遅くなってしまう。</li>
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313 </ul>
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314 </div>
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315
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316
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317 <div class='cover'>
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318 <h3>まとめ</h3>
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319 <ul>
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320 <li> I/O と Task を分離し、同時に動くように改良した。 </li>
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321 <li> I/O 専用の Thread の追加 </li>
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322 <li>
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323 I/O を含む Task をで並列実装するときに mmap では不向きであり、
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324 Blocked Read で読み込みを制御したほうが効果的。
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325 </li>
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326 </ul>
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327 <h3 class="yellow">今後の課題</h3>
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328 <ul>
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329 <li> Cerium の API として実装 </li>
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330 <li>
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331 様々な実装の試み<br>(I/O threads を 2つ、分割 mmap・・・)
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332 </li>
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333 <li>
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334 grepの実装
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335 </li>
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336 </ul>
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337 </div>
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338
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339 <div class='cover'>
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340 </div>
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341
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342 <div class="cover">
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343 </div>
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344
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345 <div class='cover'>
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346 </div>
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347
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348
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349 <div class='cover'>
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350 </div>
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351
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352
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353 <div class='cover'>
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354 </div>
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355
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356 <div class='cover'>
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357 </div>
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358
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359 <div class="cover">
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360 </div>
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361
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362 </div> <!-- presentation -->
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363 </body>
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364 </html>